Basis of Presentation (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

The Company adopted ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), as of January 1, 2018, using the full retrospective method. All amounts and disclosures set forth in this Form 10-Q reflect these changes. The most significant financial statement impacts of adopting ASC 606 are the elimination of the constraint on revenue associated with the billing retention related to the receipt of customer final acceptance and the identification of installation services as a performance obligation. The elimination of the constraint on revenue related to customer final acceptance, which is usually about 10 percent of a system sale, is now generally recognized at the time the Company transfers control of the system to the customer, which is earlier than under the Company’s previous revenue recognition model for certain contracts that were subject to the billing constraint. The new performance obligation related to installation services is now recognized as the installation services are performed, which is later than the Company’s previous revenue recognition model.

The Company applied ASC 606 retrospectively and elected to use the disclosure exemption in the transition guidance under which the Company does not disclose prior period information regarding the amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations. The cumulative effect of the adoption was recognized as a decrease to Accumulated deficit of $6.9 million on January 1, 2016. The following tables summarize the impact of adoption on the Company’s previously reported financial position and results:

	December 31, 2017
	As reported			Adjustments			As adjusted
	(in thousands)
Balance Sheet
Contract assets	$	—		$	160		$	160
Deferred cost of sales	16,060			(66		)	15,994
Deferred taxes	2,953			94			3,047
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	60,339			(2,271		)	58,068
Customer deposits and deferred revenue	108,953			3,079			112,032
Additional paid-in capital	1,053,079			(1,126		)	1,051,953
Accumulated deficit	(213,376		)	506			(212,870		)

	Three months ended March 31, 2017
	As reported			Adjustments			As adjusted
	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Statement of Operations
Net sales	$	94,386		$	113		$	94,499
Cost of sales	60,186			(187		)	59,999
Income tax expense (benefit)	(10,282		)	(245		)	(10,527		)
Net income (loss)	1,095			545			1,640
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	0.03			0.01			0.04

The Company’s adoption of the standard had no impact to cash provided by or used in operating, investing, or financing activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized upon the transfer of control of the promised product or service to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for such product or service. The Company’s contracts with customers generally do not contain variable consideration. In the rare instances where variable consideration is included, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration and determines what portion of that, if any, has a high probability of significant subsequent revenue reversal, and if so, that amount is excluded from the transaction price. The Company’s contracts with customers frequently contain multiple deliverables, such as systems, upgrades, components, spare parts, installation, maintenance, and service plans. Judgment is required to properly identify the performance obligations within a contract and to determine how the revenue should be allocated among the performance obligations. The Company also evaluates whether multiple transactions with the same customer or related parties should be considered part of a single contract based on an assessment of whether the contracts or agreements are negotiated or executed within a short time frame of each other or if there are indicators that the contracts are negotiated in contemplation of one another.

When there are separate units of accounting, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the Company separately sells the systems, upgrades, components, spare parts, installation, maintenance, and service plans. For items that are not sold separately, the Company estimates stand-alone selling prices generally using an expected cost plus margin approach. The maximum revenue recognized at a given point on a contract is limited to the amount for which it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur in the future.

Most of the Company’s revenue is recognized at a point in time when the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company considers many facts when evaluating each of its sales arrangements to determine the timing of revenue recognition, including its contractual obligations and the nature of the customer’s post-delivery acceptance provisions. The Company’s system sales arrangements, including certain upgrades, generally include field acceptance provisions that may include functional or mechanical test procedures. For many of these arrangements, a customer source inspection of the system is performed in the Company’s facility or test data is sent to the customer documenting that the system is functioning to the agreed upon specifications prior to delivery. Historically, such source inspection or test data replicates the field acceptance provisions that are performed at the customer’s site prior to final acceptance of the system. When the Company objectively demonstrates that the criteria specified in the contractual acceptance provisions are achieved prior to delivery, transfer of control of the product to the customer is considered to have occurred and revenue is recognized upon system delivery since there is no substantive contingency remaining related to the acceptance provisions at that date. For new products, new applications of existing products, or for products with substantive customer acceptance provisions where the Company cannot objectively demonstrate that the criteria specified in the contractual acceptance provisions have been achieved prior to delivery, and the Company does not have a history of meeting the criteria, revenue and the associated costs are deferred and fully recognized upon obtaining objective evidence that the acceptance provisions have been achieved and thus transferring control of the product to the customer, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

In certain cases the Company’s contracts with customers contain a billing retention, typically 10% of the sales price, which is billed by the Company and payable by the customer when field acceptance provisions are completed. Revenue recognized in advance of the amount that has been billed is recorded as a contract asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company recognizes revenue related to maintenance and service contracts over time based upon the respective contract term. Installation revenue is recognized over time as the installation services are performed. The Company recognizes revenue from the sales of components, spare parts, and specified service engagements at a point in time, which is typically consistent with the time of delivery in accordance with the terms of the applicable sales arrangement.

The Company may receive customer deposits on system transactions. The timing of the transfer of goods or services related to the deposits is either at the discretion of the customer or expected to be within one year from the deposit receipt. As such, the Company does not adjust transaction prices for the time value of money. Incremental direct costs incurred related to the acquisition of a customer contract, such as sales commissions, are expensed as incurred since the expected amortization period is one year or less.

The Company has elected to treat shipping and handling costs as a fulfillment activity and therefore such costs are included in cost of services upon shipment of products. Taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are collected by the Company from a customer are excluded from revenue.

Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“2017 Tax Act”), which makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code. Certain income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act are reflected in the Company’s financial results in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”), which provides SEC staff guidance regarding the application of ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Refer to Note 10, “Income Taxes,” for further information on the financial statement impact of the 2017 Tax Act.

Because of the complexity of the new global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) rule, the Company is continuing to evaluate this provision of the 2017 Tax Act and the application of ASC 740. Under U.S. GAAP, the Company is allowed to make an accounting policy choice of either (1) treating taxes due on future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI as a current-period expense when incurred (“period cost method”) or (2) factoring such amounts into a company’s measurement of its deferred taxes (“deferred method”). The Company’s selection of an accounting policy with respect to the new GILTI tax rules will depend, in part, on analyzing its global income to determine whether it expects to have future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI, and if so, what the impact will be. This assessment depends not only on the Company’s current structure and estimated future results of global operations, but also on its intent and ability to modify its structure and/or business. The Company is not yet able to reasonably estimate the effect of this provision of the 2017 Tax Act; therefore, the Company has not made any deferred tax adjustments related to potential GILTI tax in its consolidated financial statements and has not made a policy election decision regarding whether to record deferred taxes on GILTI.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02: Leases, which generally requires operating lessee rights and obligations to be recognized as assets and liabilities on the Balance Sheet. In addition, interest on lease liabilities is to be recognized separately from the amortization of right-of-use assets in the Statement of Operations. Further, payments of the principal portion of lease liabilities are to be classified as financing activities while payments of interest on lease liabilities and variable lease payments are to be classified as operating activities in the Statement of Cash Flows. When the standard is adopted, the Company will be required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early application permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of adopting the ASU on the consolidated financial statements.

The Company is also evaluating other pronouncements recently issued but not yet adopted. The adoption of these pronouncements is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

The Company adopted ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments — Overall, as of January 1, 2018. This ASU requires certain equity investments to be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in net income. For equity investments without readily observable market prices, the Company measures these investments at cost adjusted for changes in observable prices minus impairment. Changes in measurement are included in “Other, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. This ASU has not had a material impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption, and the Company will monitor its cost method investments each reporting period for changes in observable market prices, if any, which may be material in future periods.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, as of January 1, 2018. This ASU requires the Company to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. This ASU has not had a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash, as of January 1, 2018. This ASU requires the Company to include Restricted cash with Cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning and end of period total amounts shown on the Statement of Cash Flows. This ASU has not had a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

- Definition

Disclosure of accounting policy for income taxes, which may include its accounting policies for recognizing and measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities and related valuation allowances, recognizing investment tax credits, operating loss carryforwards, tax credit carryforwards, and other carryforwards, methodologies for determining its effective income tax rate and the characterization of interest and penalties in the financial statements.

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