FE was incorporated under Ohio law in 1996. FE’s principal business is the holding, directly or indirectly, of all of the outstanding equity of its principal subsidiaries as of December 31, 2023: OE, CEI, TE, Penn (a wholly owned subsidiary of OE), JCP&L, ME, PN, FESC, MP, AGC (a wholly owned subsidiary of MP), PE, WP and KATCo. Additionally, FET is a majority-owned subsidiary of FE, and is the parent company of ATSI, MAIT, PATH and TrAIL. In addition, FE holds all of the outstanding equity of other direct subsidiaries including FEV, which currently holds a 33-1/3% equity ownership in Global Holding, the holding company for a joint venture in the Signal Peak mining and coal transportation operations.

On January 1, 2024, FirstEnergy consolidated the Pennsylvania Companies into FE PA, including OE subsidiary, Penn, making FE PA a new, single operating entity. In addition to merging each of the Pennsylvania Companies with and into FE PA, with FE PA surviving such mergers as the successor-in-interest to all assets and liabilities of the Pennsylvania Companies, (i) WP transferred certain of its Pennsylvania-based transmission assets to KATCo, and (ii) PN and ME contributed their respective Class B equity interests of MAIT to FE. FE PA, as of January 1, 2024, is FE’s only regulated distribution utility in Pennsylvania encompassing the operations previously conducted individually by the Pennsylvania Companies and serves an area with a population of approximately 4.5 million. FE PA operates under the rate districts of the former Pennsylvania Companies. FirstEnergy is also evaluating the legal, financial, operational and branding benefits of consolidating the Ohio Companies into a single Ohio utility company.

On May 31, 2022, Brookfield and the Brookfield Guarantors acquired 19.9% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of FET. FirstEnergy presents the third-party investors’ ownership portion of FirstEnergy's net income, net assets and comprehensive income as NCI. NCI is included as a component of equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

FESC provides legal, financial and other corporate support services at cost, in accordance with its cost allocation manual, to affiliated FirstEnergy companies. FE does not bill directly or allocate any of its costs to any subsidiary company. Costs are charged to FE's subsidiaries for services received from FESC either through direct billing or through an allocation process. Allocated costs are for services that are provided on behalf of more than one company, or costs that cannot be precisely identified and are allocated using formulas developed by FESC. Intercompany transactions are generally settled under commercial terms within thirty days.

FE and its subsidiaries are principally involved in the transmission, distribution, and generation of electricity. FirstEnergy’s utility operating companies comprise one of the nation’s largest investor-owned electric systems, serving over six million customers in the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions. FirstEnergy’s transmission operations include more than 24,000 miles of transmission lines and two regional transmission operation centers. AGC and MP control 3,580 MWs of total capacity.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and the rules and regulations of the SEC. FE and its subsidiaries follow GAAP and comply with the related regulations, orders, policies and practices prescribed by the SEC, FERC, and, as applicable, the PUCO, the PPUC, the MDPSC, the NYPSC, the WVPSC, the VSCC and the NJBPU. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make periodic estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from these estimates. The reported results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for any future period. FE and its subsidiaries have evaluated events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure through the date the financial statements were issued.

FE and its subsidiaries consolidate all majority-owned subsidiaries over which they exercise control and, when applicable, entities for which they have a controlling financial interest. Intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation as appropriate and permitted pursuant to GAAP. As further discussed below, FE and its subsidiaries consolidate a VIE when it is determined that it is the primary beneficiary. Investments in affiliates over which FE and its subsidiaries have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not have a controlling financial interest, follow the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the interest in the entity is reported as an investment in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the percentage of FE's ownership share of the entity’s earnings is reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income.

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation, including presenting long-term debt and other long-term obligations within “Noncurrent Liabilities” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as compared to “Total Capitalization”.

Post-pandemic economic conditions have increased supply chain lead times across numerous material categories, with some as much as tripling from pre-pandemic lead times. Several key suppliers have struggled with labor shortages and raw material availability, which along with inflationary pressure that appears to be moderating, have increased costs and decreased the availability of certain materials, equipment and contractors. FirstEnergy has taken steps to mitigate these risks and does not currently expect service disruptions or any material impact on its capital spending plan. However, the situation remains fluid and a prolonged continuation or further increase in supply chain disruptions could have an adverse effect on FirstEnergy’s results of operations, cash flow and financial condition.

FirstEnergy has begun implementing its facility optimization plans, which focus on both cost savings and alignment with our flexible working arrangements and EESG priorities, which will result in exiting the General Office in Akron, Ohio, and other corporate facilities in Brecksville, Ohio, Greensburg, Pennsylvania and Morristown, New Jersey beginning in 2024. In December 2023, FirstEnergy purchased the General Office building with the intention to sell in the future. It is currently expected that the exit of the General Office and sale will occur in 2025. The corporate headquarters will remain in Akron, Ohio, moving to the West Akron Campus, and FirstEnergy continues to explore real estate options and relocation opportunities for the other corporate facilities. As FirstEnergy continues to transform the business and implement initiatives to reduce costs, including the facility optimization plan, the impact of such actions may result in future impairments or other charges that may be significant. The result of these combined efforts will help build a stronger, more sustainable company for the near and long term.

On February 2, 2023, FE, along with FET, entered into the FET P&SA II with Brookfield and the Brookfield Guarantors, pursuant to which FE agreed to sell to Brookfield at the closing, and Brookfield agreed to purchase from FE, an incremental 30% equity interest in FET for a purchase price of $3.5 billion. The majority of the purchase price is expected to be paid in cash upon closing, and the remainder will be payable by the issuance of a promissory note, which is expected to be repaid by the end of 2024. As a result of the consummation of the transaction, Brookfield’s interest in FET will increase from 19.9% to 49.9%, while FE will retain the remaining 50.1% ownership interests of FET. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions, including approval from the PPUC. In addition, pursuant to the FET P&SA II, FirstEnergy made the necessary filings with the applicable regulatory authorities for the PA Consolidation. The FET Minority Equity Interest Sale is expected to close by the end of the first quarter of 2024. Upon closing, FET will continue to be consolidated in FirstEnergy’s financial statements.

Pursuant to the terms of the FET P&SA II, in connection with the closing, Brookfield, FET and FE will enter into the A&R FET LLC Agreement, which will amend and restate in its entirety the current limited liability company agreement of FET. The A&R FET LLC Agreement, among other things, provides for the governance, exit, capital and distribution, and other arrangements for FET from and following the closing. Under the A&R FET LLC Agreement, at the closing, the FET Board will consist of five directors, two appointed by Brookfield and three appointed by FE.

In March of 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): “Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” (issued March 2020 and subsequently updated). This ASU, which introduces Topic ASC 848 to the FASB codification, provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions, that if elected, will ease the financial reporting burdens related to the market transition from London Inter-Bank Offered Rate and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates.

On April 27, 2023, FE, FET, the Utilities and the Transmission Companies entered into amendments to the 2021 Credit Facilities to, among other things: (i) permit the sale from FE to Brookfield of an incremental 30% equity interest in FET for a purchase price of $3.5 billion, (ii) permit the consolidation of the Pennsylvania Companies into a new, single operating entity, FE PA, which will be FE’s only regulated utility in Pennsylvania encompassing the operations previously conducted individually by the Pennsylvania Companies, and (iii) transition the benchmark interest rate for borrowings under the 2021 Credit Facilities from London Inter-Bank Offered Rate to SOFR. During the second quarter of 2023, FirstEnergy utilized the optional expedient within ASC 848 to account for the amendments to the credit facilities as a continuation of the existing contract without additional analysis.

FirstEnergy’s Regulated Distribution and Regulated Transmission segments are subject to regulation that sets the prices (rates) the Utilities and the Transmission Companies are permitted to charge customers based on costs that the regulatory agencies determine are permitted to be recovered. At times, regulatory agencies permit the future recovery of costs that would be currently charged to expense by an unregulated company. The ratemaking process results in the recording of regulatory assets and liabilities based on anticipated future cash inflows and outflows.

FirstEnergy reviews the probability of recovery of regulatory assets, and settlement of regulatory liabilities, at each balance sheet date and whenever new events occur. Factors that may affect probability include changes in the regulatory environment, issuance of a regulatory commission order, or passage of new legislation. Upon material changes to these factors, where applicable, FirstEnergy will record new regulatory assets or liabilities and will assess whether it is probable that currently recorded regulatory assets and liabilities will be recovered or settled in future rates. If recovery of a regulatory asset is no longer probable, FirstEnergy will write off that regulatory asset as a charge against earnings. FirstEnergy considers the entire regulatory asset balance as the unit of account for the purposes of balance sheet classification rather than the next years recovery and as such net regulatory assets and liabilities are presented in the non-current section on the FirstEnergy Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 13, "Regulatory Matters," of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.


	As of December 31,
Net Regulatory Assets (Liabilities) by Source	2023		2022		Change
	(In millions)

Customer payables for future income taxes	$	(2,382)	$	(2,463)	$	81
Spent nuclear fuel disposal costs	(83)		(83)		—
Asset removal costs	(652)		(675)		23
Deferred transmission costs	286		50		236
Deferred generation costs	572		235		337
Deferred distribution costs	247		164		83

Storm-related costs	799		683		116

Energy efficiency program costs	198		94		104
New Jersey societal benefit costs	79		94		(15)

Vegetation management	102		63		39
Other	(11)		24		(35)
Net Regulatory Liabilities included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets	$	(845)	$	(1,814)	$	969

The following table provides information about the composition of net regulatory assets that do not earn a current return as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, of which approximately $371 million and $511 million, respectively, are currently being recovered through rates over varying periods, through 2068, depending on the nature of the deferral and the jurisdiction:


Regulatory Assets by Source Not Earning a	As of December 31,
Current Return	2023		2022		Change
			(In millions)

Deferred transmission costs	$	6	$	8	$	(2)
Deferred generation costs	432		262		170
Deferred distribution costs	68		27		41
Storm-related costs	602		568		34
Pandemic-related costs	35		45		(10)

Vegetation management	21		52		(31)
Other	33		35		(2)
Regulatory Assets Not Earning a Current Return	$	1,197	$	997	$	200

FirstEnergy is exposed to limited financial risks resulting from fluctuating interest rates and commodity prices, including prices for electricity, coal and energy transmission. To manage the volatility related to these exposures, FirstEnergy’s Risk Policy Committee, comprised of senior management, provides general management oversight for risk management activities throughout FirstEnergy. The Risk Policy Committee is responsible for promoting the effective design and implementation of sound risk management programs and oversees compliance with corporate risk management policies and established risk management practice. FirstEnergy may use a variety of derivative instruments for risk management purposes including forward contracts, options, futures contracts and swaps.

Investments in affiliates over which FE and its subsidiaries have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not have a controlling financial interest, follow the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the interest in the entity is reported as an investment in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and reflected in "Investments". The percentage of FE's ownership share of the entity’s earnings is reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and reflected in “Other Income (Expense)”. Equity method investments are assessed for impairment annually or whenever events and changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment may not be recoverable. If the decline in value is considered to be other than temporary, the investment is written down to its estimated fair value, which establishes a new cost basis in the investment.

Global Holdings - FEV currently holds a 33-1/3% equity ownership in Global Holding, the holding company for a joint venture in the Signal Peak mining and coal transportation operations with coal sales primarily focused on international markets. FEV is not the primary beneficiary of the joint venture, as it does not have control over the significant activities affecting the joint venture's economic performance. FEV's ownership interest is subject to the equity method of accounting. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, pre-tax income related to FEV’s ownership in Global Holding was $175 million, $168 million and $29 million, respectively. FEV’s pre-tax equity earnings and investment in Global Holding are included in Corporate/Other for segment reporting.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the carrying value of the equity method investment was $66 million and $57 million, respectively. During 2023 and 2022, FEV received cash dividends from Global Holding totaling $165 million and $170 million, respectively, which were classified with “Cash from Operating Activities” on FirstEnergy’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow.

PATH WV - PATH, was a proposed transmission line from West Virginia through Virginia into Maryland which PJM cancelled in 2012, is a series limited liability company that is comprised of multiple series, each of which has separate rights, powers and duties regarding specified property and the series profits and losses associated with such property. A subsidiary of FE owns 100% of the Allegheny Series (PATH-Allegheny) and 50% of the West Virginia Series (PATH-WV), which is a joint venture with a subsidiary of AEP. FirstEnergy is not the primary beneficiary of PATH-WV, as it does not have control over the significant activities affecting the economics of PATH-WV. FirstEnergy's ownership interest in PATH-WV is subject to the equity method of accounting. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the carrying value of the equity method investment was $17 million and $18 million, respectively. FirstEnergy's pre-tax equity earnings in PATH-WV were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

In a business combination, the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill. FirstEnergy evaluates goodwill for impairment annually on July 31 and more frequently if indicators of impairment arise. In evaluating goodwill for impairment, FirstEnergy assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not (that is, likelihood of more than 50%) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value (including goodwill). If FirstEnergy concludes that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then no further testing is required. However, if FirstEnergy concludes that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value or bypasses the qualitative assessment, then the quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed to identify a potential goodwill impairment and measure the amount of impairment to be recognized, if any.

As of July 31, 2023, FirstEnergy performed a qualitative assessment of the Regulated Distribution and Regulated Transmission reporting units' goodwill, assessing economic, industry and market considerations in addition to the reporting units' overall financial performance. Key factors used in the assessment included: growth rates, interest rates, expected investments, utility sector market performance, regulatory and legal developments, and other market considerations. It was determined that the fair values of these reporting units were, more likely than not, greater than their carrying values and a quantitative analysis was not necessary.

Materials and supplies inventory primarily includes fuel inventory, emission allowances, and the distribution, transmission and generation plant materials, net of reserve for excess and obsolete inventory. Materials charged to inventory are at weighted average cost when purchased and expensed or capitalized, as appropriate, when used or installed. Fuel inventory consists primarily of coal and reagents that are consumed at MP's generation plants, and is accounted for at weighted average cost when purchased and recorded to fuel expense when consumed.

Emission allowances are accounted for as inventory at cost when purchased. FirstEnergy’s emission allowance compliance obligation, principally associated with MP's generation plant operations, is accrued to fuel expense at a weighted average cost based on each month’s emissions. When emission allowances are submitted to the EPA, inventory and the compliance obligation are reduced. Due to the ENEC, fuel, emission allowances and other fuel-related expenses have no material impact on current period earnings.

FirstEnergy maintains a controlling financial interest in certain less than wholly owned subsidiaries. As a result, FirstEnergy presents the third-party investors’ ownership portion of FirstEnergy's net income, net assets and comprehensive income as noncontrolling interest. Noncontrolling interest is included as a component of equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

On May 31, 2022, Brookfield and the Brookfield Guarantors acquired 19.9% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of FET. The difference between the cash consideration received, net of transaction costs of approximately $37 million, and the carrying value of the noncontrolling interest of $451 million was recorded as an increase to Other Paid-In Capital. KATCo, which was a subsidiary of FET, became a wholly owned subsidiary of FE prior to the closing of the transaction and remains in the Regulated Transmission segment.

Pursuant to the terms of the FET P&SA I, on May 31, 2022, Brookfield, FET and FE entered into the FET LLC Agreement. The FET LLC Agreement, among other things, provides for the governance, exit, capital and distribution, and other arrangements for FET from and following the closing. Under the FET LLC Agreement, Brookfield is entitled to appoint a number of directors to the FET Board, in approximate proportion to Brookfield’s ownership percentage in FET (rounded to the next whole number). The FET Board now consists of five directors, one appointed by Brookfield and four appointed by FE.

Property, plant and equipment reflects original cost (net of any impairments recognized), including payroll and related costs such as taxes, employee benefits, administrative and general costs, and financing costs incurred to place the assets in service. The costs of normal maintenance, repairs and minor replacements are expensed as incurred. FirstEnergy recognizes liabilities for planned major maintenance projects as they are incurred.


	December 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment	In Service(1)		Accum. Depr.(2)		Net Plant		CWIP		Total
	(In millions)
Regulated Distribution	$	33,453	$	(10,039)	$	23,414	$	860	$	24,274
Regulated Transmission	15,538		(3,178)		12,360		1,208		13,568

Corporate/Other	1,116		(594)		522		48		570
Total	$	50,107	$	(13,811)	$	36,296	$	2,116	$	38,412


	December 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment	In Service(1)		Accum. Depr.(2)		Net Plant		CWIP		Total
	(In millions)
Regulated Distribution	$	32,257	$	(9,636)	$	22,621	$	828	$	23,449
Regulated Transmission	14,468		(2,978)		11,490		818		12,308

Corporate/Other	1,125		(644)		481		47		528
Total	$	47,850	$	(13,258)	$	34,592	$	1,693	$	36,285

FirstEnergy provides for depreciation on a straight-line basis at various rates over the estimated lives of property included in plant in service. The respective annual composite depreciation rates for FirstEnergy were approximately 2.8% in 2023 and 2.7% in each of 2022 and 2021.

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, capitalized financing costs on FirstEnergy's Consolidated Statements of Income include $44 million, $56 million and $48 million, respectively, of allowance for equity funds used during construction and $53 million, $28 million and $27 million, respectively, of capitalized interest.

FirstEnergy evaluates long-lived assets classified as held and used for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the long-lived assets may not be recoverable. First, the estimated undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the assets is compared with the carrying value of the assets. If the carrying value is greater than the undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized equal to the amount the carrying value of the assets exceeds its estimated fair value.

FirstEnergy recognizes an ARO for its legal obligation to perform asset retirement activities associated with its long-lived assets. The ARO liability represents an estimate of the fair value of FirstEnergy's current obligation such that the ARO is accreted monthly to reflect the time value of money.

A fair value measurement inherently involves uncertainty in the amount and timing of settlement of the liability. FirstEnergy uses an expected cash flow approach to measure the fair value of the remediation AROs, considering the expected timing of settlement of the ARO based on the expected economic useful life of associated asset and/or regulatory requirements. The fair value of an ARO is recognized in the period in which it is incurred. The associated asset retirement costs are capitalized as part of the carrying value of the long-lived asset and are depreciated over the life of the related asset. In certain circumstances, FirstEnergy has recovery of asset retirement costs and, as such, certain accretion and depreciation is offset against regulatory assets. Conditional retirement obligations associated with tangible long-lived assets are recognized at fair value in the period in which they are incurred if a reasonable estimate can be made, even though there may be uncertainty about timing or method of settlement. When settlement is conditional on a future event occurring, it is reflected in the measurement of the liability, not the timing of the liability recognition.

FirstEnergy has recognized applicable legal obligations for AROs and their associated cost, including reclamation of sludge disposal ponds, closure of coal ash disposal sites, underground and above-ground storage tanks and wastewater treatment lagoons. In addition, FirstEnergy has recognized conditional retirement obligations, primarily for asbestos remediation.


ARO Reconciliation	(In millions)

Balance, January 1, 2022	$	179
Changes in timing and amount of estimated cash flows	(2)
Liabilities settled	(6)
Accretion	14

Balance, December 31, 2022	$	185
Changes in timing and amount of estimated cash flows	10
Liabilities settled	(2)
Accretion	16

Balance, December 31, 2023	$	209

In April 2015, the EPA finalized regulations for the disposal of CCRs (non-hazardous), establishing national standards for landfill design, structural integrity design and assessment criteria for surface impoundments, groundwater monitoring and protection procedures and other operational and reporting procedures to assure the safe disposal of CCRs from electric generating plants. On September 13, 2017, the EPA announced that it would reconsider certain provisions of the final regulations. On July 29, 2020, the EPA published a final rule again revising the date that certain CCR impoundments must cease accepting waste and initiate closure to April 11, 2021. The final rule allowed for an extension of the closure deadline based on meeting identified site-specific criteria. On November 30, 2020, AE Supply submitted a closure deadline extension request to the EPA seeking to extend the cease accepting waste date for the McElroy's Run CCR impoundment facility through the end of the first quarter of 2024, which request is pending technical review by the EPA. AE Supply continues to operate McElroy’s Run as a disposal facility for Pleasants Power Station, which is owned and operated by a non-affiliate.

AGC owns an undivided 16.25% interest (487 MWs) in the 3,003 MW Bath County pumped-storage, hydroelectric station in Virginia, operated by the 60% owner, VEPCO, a non-affiliated utility. Total property, plant and equipment includes $145 million representing AGC's share in this facility as of December 31, 2023. AGC is obligated to pay its share of the costs of this jointly owned facility in the same proportion as its ownership interests using its own financing. AGC's share of direct expenses of the joint plant is included in operating expenses on FirstEnergy's Consolidated Statements of Income. AGC provides the generation capacity from this facility to its owner, MP, which is recovered from the ENEC.

Recently Issued Pronouncements - The following new authoritative accounting guidance issued by the FASB has not yet been adopted. Unless otherwise indicated, FirstEnergy is currently assessing the impact such guidance may have on its financial statements and disclosures, as well as the potential to early adopt where applicable. FirstEnergy has assessed other FASB issuances of new standards not described below based upon the current expectation that such new standards will not significantly impact FirstEnergy's financial reporting.

ASU 2022-03, "Fair Value Measurements of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions " (Issued in June 2022): ASU 2022-03 clarifies current guidance in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, when measuring the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual restrictions that prohibit the sale of an equity security, and introduces new disclosure requirements for those equity securities subject to contractual restrictions. For FirstEnergy, the guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted.

ASU 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures " (Issued in November 2023): ASU 2023-07 enhances interim disclosure requirements, clarifies circumstances in which an entity can disclose multiple segment measures of profit or loss, provides new segment disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and contain other disclosure requirements. Disclosure requirements within ASU 2023-07 include disclosing significant segment expenses by reportable segment if they are regularly provided to the CODM and included in each reported measure of segment profit or loss. Disclosures are required on both an annual and an interim basis. For FirstEnergy, the guidance will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted.