10. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2012

Notes to Financial Statements

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 820-10 defines and establishes the framework for measuring fair value. The framework is based on inputs that are used in the valuation and a fair value hierarchy based on the quality of those inputs. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The input levels are defined as follows:

● Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 1 securities include highly liquid government bonds and exchange-traded equities.

● Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Examples of such instruments include government-backed mortgage products, certain collateralized mortgage and debt obligations and certain high-yield debt securities.

● Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. Unobservable inputs reflect management’s own assumptions about inputs in which market participants would use in pricing these types of assets or liabilities. Level 3 financial instruments include values which are determined using pricing models and third-party evaluation. Additionally, the determination of some fair value estimates utilizes significant management judgments or best estimates.

The following tables present the financial instruments carried at fair value by ASC 820-10 valuation hierarchy (as described above). There were no financial instruments carried at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments by Level:	As of September 30, 2012
($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agency	$	130.0	$	14.3	$	28.6	$	172.9
State and political subdivision		—		15.0		93.4		108.4
Foreign government		—		43.1		7.8		50.9
Corporate		—		987.5		732.7		1,720.2
CMBS		—		251.5		18.0		269.5
RMBS		—		206.2		245.6		451.8
CDO/CLO		—		—		58.9		58.9
Other asset-backed		—		50.2		83.4		133.6
Derivative assets		17.6		168.2		—		185.8
Related party reinsurance derivative asset		—		—		—		—
Fair value investments		—		15.8		28.3		44.1
Separate account assets		2,110.7		—		—		2,110.7
Total assets	$	2,258.3	$	1,751.8	$	1,296.7	$	5,306.8
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	$	—	$	60.0	$	—	$	60.0
Embedded derivatives		—		—		83.1		83.1
Total liabilities	$	—	$	60.0	$	83.1	$	143.1

There were no transfers of assets between Level 1 and Level 2 during the quarter ended September 30, 2012.

Fair Values of Financial Instruments by Level:	As of December 31, 2011
($ in millions)	As restated and amended
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agency	$	96.0	$	46.4	$	31.7	$	174.1
State and political subdivision		—		34.8		48.7		83.5
Foreign government		—		28.8		3.1		31.9
Corporate		—		690.9		513.8		1,204.7
CMBS		—		246.1		35.4		281.5
RMBS		—		263.5		268.0		531.5
CDO/CLO		—		—		62.5		62.5
Other asset-backed		—		61.2		81.2		142.4
Derivative assets		16.2		87.6		—		103.8
Related party reinsurance derivative asset		—		—		3.5		3.5
Fair value investments		—		14.3		27.5		41.8
Separate account assets		2,546.8		—		—		2,546.8
Total assets	$	2,659.0	$	1,473.6	$	1,075.4	$	5,208.0
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities	$	—	$	22.5	$	—	$	22.5
Embedded derivatives		—		—		82.3		82.3
Total liabilities	$	—	$	22.5	$	82.3	$	104.8

There were no transfers of assets between Level 1 and Level 2 during the year ended December 31, 2011.

Fair Values of Corporates by Level and Sector:	As of September 30, 2012
($ in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Corporates
Consumer	$	—	$	301.0	$	364.1	$	665.1
Energy		—		66.5		18.9		85.4
Financial services		—		339.4		157.1		496.5
Technical/communications		—		43.1		4.9		48.0
Transportation		—		9.4		25.8		35.2
Utilities		—		119.5		127.2		246.7
Other		—		108.6		34.7		143.3
Total corporates	$	—	$	987.5	$	732.7	$	1,720.2

Fair Values of Corporates by Level and Sector:	As of December 31, 2011
($ in millions)	As restated and amended
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Corporates
Consumer	$	—	$	205.3	$	245.9	$	451.2
Energy		—		29.8		13.2		43.0
Financial services		—		247.5		117.5		365.0
Technical/communications		—		33.4		3.5		36.9
Transportation		—		6.1		25.5		31.6
Utilities		—		111.1		82.0		193.1
Other		—		57.7		26.2		83.9
Total corporates	$	—	$	690.9	$	513.8	$	1,204.7

Level 3 financial assets and liabilities

The following tables set forth a summary of changes in the fair value of our Level 3 financial assets and liabilities. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The securities which were transferred as of the end of each reporting period into Level 3 were due to decreased market observability of similar assets and/or significant inputs and transfers out of Level 3 were due to increased market activity on comparable assets or observability of inputs.

Level 3 Financial Assets:	Three Months Ended September 30, 2012
($ in millions)											Realized &
											unrealized			Unrealized
			Purchases,								gains			gains
	Balance,		sales			Transfers		Transfers			(losses)			(losses)
	beginning		issuances &			into		out of			included			included
	of period		settlements			Level 3		Level 3			in income			in OCI			Total
Assets
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agency (1)	$	27.7	$	0.6		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	0.3		$	28.6
State and political subdivision		90.1		4.7			—		—			—			(1.4	)		93.4
Foreign government		7.2		—			—		—			—			0.6			7.8
Corporate		664.5		58.7			—		(6.1	)		—			15.6			732.7
CMBS		17.8		—			—		—			—			0.2			18.0
RMBS		247.3		(5.8	)		—		—			(0.4	)		4.5			245.6
CDO/CLO		57.3		(1.9	)		—		—			0.2			3.3			58.9
Other asset-backed		71.1		0.3			13.2		—			—			(1.2	)		83.4
Related party reinsurance derivative		4.2		—			—		—			(4.2	)		—			—
Fair value investments		28.9		(0.7	)		—		—			0.1			—			28.3
Total assets	$	1,216.1	$	55.9		$	13.2	$	(6.1	)	$	(4.3	)	$	21.9		$	1,296.7

———————

(1) Includes securities whose underlying collateral is an obligation of a U.S. government entity.

Level 3 Financial Assets:	Three Months Ended September 30, 2011
($ in millions)	As restated and amended
																Realized &
																unrealized				Unrealized
					Purchases,											gains				gains
	Balance,				sales				Transfers			Transfers				(losses)				(losses)
	beginning				issuances &				into			out of				included				included
	of period				settlements				Level 3			Level 3				in income				in OCI				Total
Assets
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agency (1)		$	23.8			$	(0.3	)		$	—		$	—			$	—			$	1.3			$	24.8
State and political subdivision			12.4				—				2.5			—				—				6.4				21.3
Foreign government			2.0				—				—			—				—				(0.5	)			1.5
Corporate			396.0				0.2				24.1			(2.0	)			(0.2	)			22.8				440.9
CMBS			20.5				4.1				—			—				—				(5.5	)			19.1
RMBS			288.2				2.9				—			—				(0.5	)			(16.3	)			274.3
CDO/CLO			57.0				7.8				—			—				—				(11.5	)			53.3
Other asset-backed			84.4				2.8				—			—				0.1				(4.9	)			82.4
Related party reinsurance derivative			(5.5	)			—				—			—				10.1				—				4.6
Fair value investments			25.8				—				—			—				(1.1	)			—				24.7
Total assets		$	904.6			$	17.5			$	26.6		$	(2.0	)		$	8.4			$	(8.2	)		$	946.9

———————

(1) Includes securities whose underlying collateral is an obligation of a U.S. government entity.

Level 3 Financial Assets:	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012
($ in millions)											Realized &
											unrealized			Unrealized
			Purchases,								gains			gains
	Balance,		sales			Transfers		Transfers			(losses)			(losses)
	beginning		issuances &			into		out of			included			included
	of period		settlements			Level 3		Level 3			in income			in OCI			Total
Assets
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agency (1)	$	31.7	$	(1.2	)	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	(1.9	)	$	28.6
State and political subdivision		48.7		19.2			12.9		—			—			12.6			93.4
Foreign government		3.1		3.5			—		—			—			1.2			7.8
Corporate		513.8		208.6			20.0		(14.2	)		—			4.5			732.7
CMBS		35.4		(0.5	)		—		(18.0	)		—			1.1			18.0
RMBS		268.0		(25.6	)		—		—			(0.9	)		4.1			245.6
CDO/CLO		62.5		(3.5	)		—		—			0.2			(0.3	)		58.9
Other asset-backed		81.2		3.6			—		(1.8	)		—			0.4			83.4
Related party reinsurance derivative		3.5		—			—		—			(3.5	)		—			—
Fair value investments		27.5		(0.8	)		—		—			1.6			—			28.3
Total assets	$	1,075.4	$	203.3		$	32.9	$	(34.0	)	$	(2.6	)	$	21.7		$	1,296.7

———————

(1) Includes securities whose underlying collateral is an obligation of a U.S. government entity.

Level 3 Financial Assets:	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
($ in millions)	As restated and amended
																Realized &
																unrealized				Unrealized
					Purchases,											gains				gains
	Balance,				sales				Transfers			Transfers				(losses)				(losses)
	beginning				issuances &				into			out of				included				included
	of period				settlements				Level 3			Level 3				in income				in OCI				Total
Assets
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agency (1)		$	24.0			$	0.4			$	2.0		$	—			$	—			$	(1.6	)		$	24.8
State and political subdivision			13.3				2.9				—			—				—				5.1				21.3
Foreign government			1.4				—				—			—				—				0.1				1.5
Corporate			337.3				97.7				22.8			(14.1	)			(0.9	)			(1.9	)			440.9
CMBS			13.4				0.6				3.7			—				0.1				1.3				19.1
RMBS			216.1				84.3				—			—				(0.6	)			(25.5	)			274.3
CDO/CLO			59.6				(0.7	)			—			—				—				(5.6	)			53.3
Other asset-backed			57.7				26.2				—			(4.8	)			—				3.3				82.4
Related party reinsurance derivative			(5.5	)			—				—			—				10.1				—				4.6
Fair value investments			13.8				10.8				—			—				0.1				—				24.7
Total assets		$	731.1			$	222.2			$	28.5		$	(18.9	)		$	8.8			$	(24.8	)		$	946.9

———————

(1) Includes securities whose underlying collateral is an obligation of a U.S. government entity.

Level 3 Financial Liabilities:	Embedded Derivative Liabilities
($ in millions)	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30,								September 30,
	2012				2011				2012				2011
					As restated and amended								As restated and amended
Balance, beginning of period		$	87.5			$	45.6			$	82.4			$	29.5
Net purchases/(sales)			2.2				(8.9	)			6.8				14.5
Transfers into Level 3			—				—				—				—
Transfers out of Level 3			—				—				—				—
Realized (gains) losses (1)			(6.6	)			48.3				(6.1	)			41.0
Balance, end of period		$	83.1			$	85.0			$	83.1			$	85.0

———————

(1) Realized gains and losses are included in net realized investment gains on the statements of comprehensive income.

Significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of Level 3 assets are yield, prepayment rate, default rate, recovery rate, and reinvestment spread. Keeping other inputs unchanged, an increase in yield or default rate would decrease the fair value of the asset while an increase in prepayment rate, recovery rate, or reinvestment spread would result in an increase to the fair value of the asset. Yields are a function of the underlying treasury rates and asset spreads, and changes in default and recovery rates are dependent on overall market conditions.

The following table presents quantitative estimates about unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of significant categories of internally priced assets.

Level 3 Assets: (1)	As of September 30, 2012
($ in millions)
	Fair		Valuation	Unobservable
	Value		Technique(s)	Input	Range (Weighted Average)
U.S. government and   agency	$	28.6	Discounted cash flow	Yield	1.54% - 3.21% (2.40%)
State and political   subdivision	$	35.8	Discounted cash flow	Yield	1.90% - 3.41% (2.73%)
Corporate	$	586.2	Spread matrix	Yield	1.53% - 6.56% (2.99%)
			Discounted cash flow	Yield	1.57% - 6.68% (3.20%)
CDO/CLO	$	3.8	Discounted cash flow	Prepayment rate	20% (CLOs)
				Default rate	2.55% (CLOs)
				Recovery rate	65% (Loans), 35% (High yield bonds),   45% (Investment grade bonds)
				Reinvestment spread	3 mo LIBOR + 400bps (CLOs)
Other asset-backed	$	2.9	Discounted cash flow	Yield	2.53% - 2.54% (2.54%)
			Discounted cash flow	Prepayment rate	5%
				Default rate	2.53% for 48 mos then .33% thereafter
				Recovery rate	10% (TRUPPS)
Fair value   investments	$	0.8	Discounted cash flow	Default rate	0.24%
				Recovery rate	45%

———————

(1) Excludes Level 3 assets which are valued based upon non-binding independent third-party valuations for which unobservable inputs are not reasonably available to us.

Significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of variable annuity GMAB and GMWB liabilities are equity volatility, swap curve, mortality and lapse rates and an adjustment for non-performance risk. Keeping other inputs unchanged, an increase in the equity volatility would increase the fair value of the liability while an increase in the swap curve or CSA would result in a decrease to the fair value of the liability. The impact of changes in mortality and lapse rates are dependent on overall market conditions. The fair value of fixed indexed annuity and indexed universal life embedded derivative related to index credits is calculated using the swap curve, mortality and lapse rates, as well as an adjustment for non-performance risk. Keeping other inputs unchanged, an increase in any of these significant unobservable inputs would result in a decrease of the fixed indexed annuity embedded derivative liability.

The following table presents quantitative estimates about unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of internally priced liabilities.

Level 3 Liabilities:	As of September 30, 2012
($ in millions)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input	Range
Embedded derivatives	$	48.7	Budget method	Swap curve	0.25% - 2.32%
(EIA VED)				Mortality rate	75% of A2000 basic table
				Lapse rate	1.00% - 35.00%
				CSA	4.75%
Embedded derivatives (GMAB / GMWB)	$	34.4	Risk neutral stochastic   valuation methodology	Volatility surface	11.75% - 48.97%
				Swap curve	0.24% - 2.98%
				Mortality rate	75% of A2000 basic table
				Lapse rate	0.00% - 60.00%
				CSA	4.75%
Total Level 3 liabilities	$	83.1

Level 3 Assets and Liabilities by Pricing Source:	As of September 30, 2012
($ in millions)	Internal(1)		External (2)		Total
Assets
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agency (3)	$	28.6	$	—	$	28.6
State and political subdivision		35.8		57.6		93.4
Foreign government		—		7.8		7.8
Corporate		586.2		146.5		732.7
CMBS		—		18.0		18.0
RMBS		—		245.6		245.6
CDO/CLO		3.8		55.1		58.9
Other asset-backed		2.9		80.5		83.4
Fair value investments		0.8		27.5		28.3
Total assets	$	658.1	$	638.6	$	1,296.7
Liabilities
Embedded derivatives	$	83.1	$	—	$	83.1
Total liabilities	$	83.1	$	—	$	83.1

———————

(1)	Represents valuations reflecting both internally-derived and market inputs, as well as third-party information or quotes.
(2)	Represents unadjusted prices from independent pricing services, third-party financial statements and independent indicative broker quotes where pricing inputs are not readily available.

(3) Includes securities whose underlying collateral is an obligation of a U.S. government entity.

Level 3 Assets and Liabilities by Pricing Source:	As of December 31, 2011
($ in millions)	As restated and amended
	Internal(1)		External (2)		Total
Assets
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. government and agency (3)	$	31.7	$	—	$	31.7
State and political subdivision		10.4		38.3		48.7
Foreign government		—		3.1		3.1
Corporate		411.6		102.2		513.8
CMBS		—		35.4		35.4
RMBS		—		268.0		268.0
CDO/CLO		61.0		1.5		62.5
Other asset-backed		3.6		77.6		81.2
Related party reinsurance derivative asset		3.5		—		3.5
Fair value investments		10.6		16.9		27.5
Total assets	$	532.4	$	543.0	$	1,075.4
Liabilities
Embedded derivatives	$	82.3	$	—	$	82.3
Total liabilities	$	82.3	$	—	$	82.3

———————

(1)	Represents valuations reflecting both internally-derived and market inputs, as well as third-party information or quotes.
(2)	Represents unadjusted prices from independent pricing services, third-party financial statements and independent indicative broker quotes where pricing inputs are not readily available.

(3) Includes securities whose underlying collateral is an obligation of a U.S. government entity.

Financial instruments not carried at fair value

The Company is required by U.S. GAAP to disclose the fair value of certain financial instruments including those that are not carried at fair value. The following table discloses the Company’s financial instruments where the carrying amounts and fair values differ:

Carrying Amounts and Fair Values		As of September 30, 2012						As of December 31, 2011
of Financial Instruments:	Fair Value							As restated and amended
($ in millions)	Hierarchy	Carrying			Fair			Carrying			Fair
	Level	Value			Value			Value			Value
Financial assets:
Policy loans	Level 3		$	60.5		$	60.0		$	62.5		$	62.1
Cash and cash equivalent	Level 1		$	117.2		$	117.2		$	49.5		$	49.5
Financial liabilities:
Investment contracts	Level 3		$	2,217.7		$	2,223.5		$	1,724.4		$	1,732.2

Fair value of policy loans

The fair value of fixed rate policy loans is calculated using a discounted cash flow model based upon current U.S. Treasury rates and historical loan repayment patterns. For floating rate policy loans the fair value is the amount due, excluding interest, as of the reporting date.

Fair value of investment contracts

We determine the fair value of guaranteed interest contracts by using a discount rate based upon the appropriate U.S. Treasury rate to calculate the present value of projected contractual liability payments through final maturity. We determine the fair value of deferred annuities and supplementary contracts without life contingencies with an interest guarantee of one year or less at the amount of the policy reserve. In determining the fair value of deferred annuities and supplementary contracts without life contingencies with interest guarantees greater than one year, we use a discount rate based upon the appropriate U.S. Treasury rate to calculate the present value of the projected account value of the policy at the end of the current guarantee period.

Deposit type funds, including pension deposit administration contracts, dividend accumulations and other funds left on deposit not involving life contingencies, have interest guarantees of less than one year for which interest credited is closely tied to rates earned on owned assets. For these liabilities, we assume fair value to be equal to the stated liability balances.

The fair value of these investment contracts are categorized as Level 3.