Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Financial Statements

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Operating results for the six month period ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that might be expected for the year ending September 30, 2019.

Financing Receivables

Financing receivables consist of customer receivables resulting from the sale of the Company's products and services, primarily software and long-term customer support contracts, and are presented net of allowance for losses. The Company has a single portfolio consisting of fixed-term receivables, which is further segregated into two classes based on products, customer type, and credit risk evaluation.

The Company generally determines its allowance for losses on financing receivables at the customer class level by considering a number of factors, including the length of time financing receivable are past due, historical and anticipated experience, the customer’s current ability to pay its obligation, and the condition of the general economy and the industry as a whole. The Company writes off financing receivables when they become uncollectible, and payments subsequently received on such receivables are credited to the allowance for financing receivable losses. Interest is not accrued on past due receivables. There was an allowance of $526 thousand at March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018.

The Company's financing receivables are aggregated into the following categories:

Long-term customer support contracts: These contracts are typically entered into in conjunction with sale-type lease arrangements, over the life of which the Company agrees to provide support services similar to those offered within Mediasite Customer Care plans. Contract terms range from 3-5 years, and payments are generally due from the customer annually on the contract anniversary. There was $290 thousand and $281 thousand of receivables outstanding for long-term customer support contracts as of March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively. All amounts due were current as of the balance sheet date and there are no credit losses expected to be incurred related to long-term support contracts.

Product receivables: Amounts receivable primarily represent sales of perpetual software licenses to a single international distributor on invoices outstanding for product delivered from March 2016 through June 2017. There was $2.1 million receivable as of September 30, 2017, $1.5 million of which was deferred for revenue recognition purposes due to a history of delayed payment. As of September 30, 2018, the deferred balance related to this receivable was zero as it was fully allowed for as a loss. As a result of the circumstances described, the entire allowance for losses on financing receivables of $526 thousand is considered attributable to this class of customer as of March 31, 2019.

Financing receivables consisted of the following (in thousands) as of:



	March 31, 2019			September 30, 2018
Customer support contracts, current and long-term, gross	$	290		$	281
Product receivables, gross	526			526
Allowance for losses on financing receivables	(526		)	(526		)
	$	290		$	281

Investment in Sales-Type Lease

The Company has entered into sales-type lease arrangements with certain customers, consisting of recorders leased with terms ranging from 3-5 years. All amounts due are current as of the balance sheet date.

Investment in sales-type leases consists of the following (in thousands):



	March 31, 2019		September 30, 2018
Investment in sales-type lease	$	413	$	399
	$	413	$	399

Inventory Valuation

Inventory consists of raw materials and supplies used in the assembly of Mediasite recorders and finished units. Inventory of completed units and spare parts are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value, with cost determined on a first-in, first-out basis.

Inventory consists of the following (in thousands):



	March 31, 2019		September 30, 2018
Raw materials and supplies	$	438	$	358
Finished goods	1,203		669
	$	1,641	$	1,027

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s long-lived assets are nonfinancial assets that were acquired either as part of a business combination, individually or with a group of other assets. These nonfinancial assets were initially measured and recognized at amounts equal to the fair value determined as of the date of acquisition. Fair value measurements of reporting units are estimated using an income approach involving discounted or undiscounted cash flow models and the public company guideline method that contain certain Level 3 inputs requiring management judgment, including projections of economic conditions and customer demand, revenue and margins, changes in competition, operating costs, working capital requirements, and new product introductions. Fair value measurements associated with the Company’s long-lived assets are estimated when events or changes in circumstances such as market value, asset utilization, physical change, legal factors, or other matters indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.

In determining the fair value of financial assets and liabilities, the Company currently utilizes market data or other assumptions that it believes market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability in the principal or most advantageous market, and adjusts for non-performance and/or other risk associated with the Company as well as counterparties, as appropriate. When considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the following fair value hierarchy distinguishes between observable and unobservable inputs, which are categorized in one of the following levels:

Level 1 Inputs: Unadjusted quoted prices which are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities accessible to the Company at the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs: Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3 Inputs: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available, thereby allowing for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at measurement date.

The hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1, as this level provides the most reliable measure of fair value, while giving the lowest priority to Level 3.

Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The initial fair values of PFG debt and warrant debt and the Burish note purchase agreement (see Note 4) were based on the present value of expected future cash flows and assumptions about current interest rates and the creditworthiness of the Company (Level 3). The fair value of the bifurcated conversion feature represented by the warrant derivative liability which is measured at fair value on a recurring basis is based on a Black Scholes option pricing model with assumptions for stock price, exercise price, volatility, expected term, risk free interest rate and dividend yield similar to those described for share-based compensation which were generally observable (Level 2).

Financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):



March 31, 2019	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Fair Value
Derivative liability	$	—	$	10	$	—	$	10



September 30, 2018	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total Fair Value
Derivative liability	$	—	$	14	$	—	$	14

The gain or loss related to the fair value remeasurement on the derivative liability is included in the other income (expense) line on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Included below is a summary of the changes in our Level 3 fair value measurements (in thousands):



	PFG V Debt, Net of Discount			Warrant Debt, PFG V		Burish Notes, Net of Discount
Balance as of September 30, 2018	$	1,905		$	103	$	—
Activity during the period:
Disbursement of Tranche 2, net of discount	471			26		—
Disbursement of Tranches 1-4	—			—		4,000
Disbursement of warrants	—			—		(674		)
Payments	(333		)	—		—
Amortization and accretion expense	51			9		13
Balance as of March 31, 2019	$	2,094		$	138	$	3,339

See Note 4 - Credit Arrangements for additional details on the fair values of the Burish notes and related warrant.

Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value

The Company's other financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, investment in sales-type lease, financing receivables, accounts payable and debt instruments, excluding the PFG debt and Burish notes, and capital lease obligations. The book values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, investment in sales-type lease, and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their respective fair values. The carrying value of capital lease obligations and debt (excluding the PFG debt and Burish notes), including the current portion, approximates fair market value as the variable and fixed rate approximates the current market rate of interest available to the Company.

Legal Contingencies

When legal proceedings are brought or claims are made against the Company and the outcome is uncertain, we are required to determine whether it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred. If such impairment or liability is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated, the loss must be charged to earnings.

When it is considered probable that a loss has been incurred, but the amount of loss cannot be estimated, disclosure but not accrual of the probable loss is required. Disclosure of a loss contingency is also required when it is reasonably possible, but not probable, that a loss has been incurred and there is a possibility the loss could be material.

No legal contingencies were recorded or were required to be disclosed for the three or six months ended March 31, 2019 or 2018.

Stock Based Compensation

The Company uses a lattice valuation model to account for all employee stock options granted. The lattice valuation model is a more flexible analysis to value options because of its ability to incorporate inputs that change over time, such as actual exercise behavior of option holders. The Company uses historical data to estimate the option exercise and employee departure behavior in the lattice valuation model. Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The Company considers all employees to have similar exercise behavior and therefore has not identified separate homogeneous groups for valuation. The expected term of options granted is derived from the output of the option pricing model and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate for periods the options are expected to be outstanding is based on the U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the time of grant. Forfeitures are based on actual behavior patterns. The expected exercise factor and forfeiture rates are calculated using historical exercise and forfeiture activity for the previous three years.

The fair value of each option grant is estimated using the assumptions in the following table:



	Six Months Ended March 31,
	2019	2018
Expected life	4.3 years	4.3-4.4 years
Risk-free interest rate	2.48%-2.93%	1.79%-2.40%
Expected volatility	60.19%-66.05%	62.45%-63.49%
Expected forfeiture rate	13.51%-14.76%	12.53%-13.53%
Expected exercise factor	1.2	1.16-1.17
Expected dividend yield	0%	0%

A summary of option activity at March 31, 2019 and changes during the six months then ended is presented below:



	Options		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Period in Years
Outstanding at October 1, 2018	2,029,741		$	7.04	5.0
Granted	199,850		0.67		9.8
Exercised	—		—		0.0
Forfeited	(523,668	)	8.93		4.6
Outstanding at March 31, 2019	1,705,923		5.71		6.4
Exercisable at March 31, 2019	1,144,326				5.4

A summary of the status of the Company’s non-vested shares and changes during the six month period ended March 31, 2019 is presented below:



	2019
Non-vested Shares	Shares		Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at October 1, 2018	680,720		$	1.46
Granted	199,850		2.23
Vested	(289,836	)	2.02
Forfeited	(29,137	)	1.22
Non-vested at March 31, 2019	561,597		$	0.94

The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the six months ended March 31, 2019 was $2.23. As of March 31, 2019, there was $275 thousand of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock-based compensation, with total forfeiture adjusted unrecognized compensation cost of $202 thousand. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining life of 1.2 years.

Stock-based compensation recorded in the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 was $57 thousand and $219 thousand, respectively. Stock-based compensation recorded in the three and six months ended March 31, 2018 was $72 thousand and $316 thousand, respectively. There was no cash received from exercises under all stock option plans and warrants in either of the three and six months ended March 31, 2019 or 2018, respectively. There were no tax benefits realized for tax deductions from option exercises in either of the three and six month periods ended March 31, 2019 or 2018, respectively. The Company currently expects to satisfy share-based awards with registered shares available to be issued.

The Company also has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("Purchase Plan") under which an aggregate of 200,000 common shares may be issued. A total of 39,514 shares are available to be issued under the plan, which includes 8,353 shares issued on January 4, 2019. The Company recorded stock compensation expense under this plan of $1 thousand for the three and six months ended March 31, 2019, respectively. The Company recorded stock compensation expense of $3 thousand and $4 thousand for the three and six months ended March 31, 2018, respectively.

Preferred stock and dividends

In May 2017, the Company created a new series of preferred stock entitled "9% Cumulative Voting Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A" (the "Preferred Stock, Series A"). One thousand shares were authorized with a stated value and liquidation preference of $1,000 per share. In August 2017, 1,500 additional shares were authorized for an aggregated total of 2,500 shares. In November 2017, In May 2018, 2,000 additional shares were authorized for an aggregated total of 4,500 shares. Holders of the Preferred Stock, Series A will receive monthly dividends at an annual rate of 9%, payable in additional shares of Preferred Stock, Series A. Dividends declared on the preferred stock are earned monthly as additional shares and accounted for as a reduction to paid-in capital since the Company is currently in an accumulated deficit position. Each share of Preferred Stock, Series A is convertible into that number of shares of common stock determined by dividing $4.23 into the liquidation amount. A total of 2,056 and 2,678 shares of Preferred Stock, Series A were issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively.

On November 7, 2017, the Company entered into an Agreement in which Mark Burish's right to convert shares of Series A Preferred Stock into common stock is waived until shareholder approval has been obtained. The right to vote said shares of Series A Preferred Stock to approve the issuance of the Series A Preferred Stock has also been waived.

On November 9, 2017, the Company sold to Mr. Burish $500 thousand of shares of Preferred Stock, Series A, at $762.85 per share. Mark Burish is a director of the Company and beneficially owns more than 5% of the Company’s common stock. These agreements were approved by the Special Committee of Disinterested Directors.

The Company considered relevant guidance when accounting for the issuance of preferred stock, and determined that the preferred shares meet the criteria for equity classification. Dividends accrued on preferred shares will be shown as a reduction to net income (or an increase in net loss) for purposes of calculating earnings per share.

On May 17, 2018, $1.0 million of subordinated convertible debt was fully converted into 1,902 shares of Preferred Stock, Series A, following approval by the stockholders of the Company of the conversion sufficient to comply with rules and regulations of Nasdaq. See Note 4 related to accounting for the conversion.

On June 8, 2018, 905 shares of Preferred Stock, Series A were automatically converted by the Company into 213,437 shares of common stock. The amount of shares converted represents all preferred shares issued on May 30, 2017 and June 8, 2017, including related dividends.

On August 23, 2018, 717 shares of Preferred Stock, Series A were automatically converted by the Company into 169,485 shares of common stock. The amount of shares converted represents all preferred shares issued on August 23, 2017, including related dividends.

On November 15, 2018, 718 shares of Preferred Stock, Series A were automatically converted by the Company into 169,741 shares of common stock. The amount of shares converted represents all preferred shares issued on November 9, 2017, including related dividends.

Per share computation

Basic earnings (loss) per share has been computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, less shares that may be repurchased, and excludes any dilutive effects of options and warrants. In periods where the Company reports net income, diluted net income per share is computed using common equivalent shares related to outstanding options and warrants to purchase common stock. The numerator for the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share is net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted weighted average shares used in the earnings per share calculations:



	Three Months Ended March 31,		Six Months Ended March 31,
	2019	2018	2019	2018
Denominator for basic net income (loss) per share - weighted average common shares	5,278,500	4,461,310	5,232,449	4,459,675
Effect of dilutive options (treasury method)	—	—	—	—
Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per share - adjusted weighted average common shares	5,278,500	4,461,310	5,232,449	4,459,675
Options, warrants and convertible shares outstanding during each period, but not included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share because they are antidilutive	2,076,083	2,242,269	2,076,083	2,242,269

Liquidity

At March 31, 2019, approximately $867 thousand of cash and cash equivalents was held by the Company's foreign subsidiaries.

On February 28, 2019, Sonic Foundry, Inc. entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with Burish for $5.0 million in cash.

See Note 4 - Credit Arrangements for additional information on this transaction.

The Company believes its cash position plus available resources is adequate to accomplish its business plan through at least the next twelve months. We will likely evaluate operating and capital leases opportunities to finance equipment purchases in the future and anticipate utilizing proceeds from the recent note purchase agreement to support working capital needs. We may also seek additional equity financing and there are no assurances that these will be on terms acceptable to the Company.

Assets recognized from the costs to obtain a contract with a customer

Sales commissions and related expenses are considered incremental and recoverable costs of acquiring customer contracts. These costs are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the anticipated period of benefit, which we have determined to be the contract period, typically around 12 months. Assets recorded are included in current assets and other long-term assets. Amortization expense is recorded in sales and marketing expense within our condensed consolidated statement of operations. We calculate a quarterly average percentage based on actual commissions incurred on billings during the same period and apply that percentage to the respective periods’ unearned revenues to determine the capitalized commission amount by contract.

Revenue recognition - ASC 606

We generate revenues in the form of hardware sales of our Mediasite recorder and Mediasite related products, such as our server software and other software licenses and related customer support and services fees, including hosting, installations and training. Software license revenues include fees from sales of perpetual and term licenses. Maintenance and services revenues primarily consist of fees for maintenance services (including support and unspecified upgrades and enhancements when and if they are available), hosting, installation, training and other professional services.

In accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"), revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. To achieve this core principle, we apply the following five steps:

Identify the contract with a customer. A contract with a customer exists when: (1) we and the customer have approved the contract and both parties are committed to perform their respective obligations; (2) we can identify each party’s rights regarding the products or services to be transferred; (3) we can identify the payment terms for the products or services to be transferred; (4) the contract has commercial substance as our future cash flows are expected to change; and (5) it is probable that we will collect substantially all of the consideration to which we are entitled in exchange for the products or services. Any subsequent contract modifications are analyzed to determine the treatment of the contract modification as a separate contract, prospectively or through a cumulative catch-up adjustment.

Identify the performance obligations in the contract. Performance obligations are promises to transfer a good or service to the customer. Performance obligations may be each individual promise in a contract, or may be groups of promises within a contract that significantly affect one another. To the extent a contract includes multiple promises, we must apply judgment to determine whether promises are capable of being distinct and distinct in the context of the contract. If these criteria are not met, the promises are accounted for as a combined performance obligation.


3.	Determine the transaction price. The transaction price is the total amount of consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised products and services to a customer.

Allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract. The allocation of the transaction price to performance obligations is generally done in proportion to their standalone selling prices (“SSP”). SSP is the price that we would sell a distinct product or service separately to a customer and is determined at contract inception. At times, there will be observable selling prices for our goods and services, such as for our mortgage servicing software platform. If SSP is not available through the analysis of observable inputs, this step is subject to significant judgment and additional analysis so that we can establish an estimated SSP. The estimated SSP considers all reasonably available information, including market conditions, demands, trends, our specific factors and information about the customer or class of customers. The adjusted market approach is generally used for new products or solutions or when observable inputs are not available or limited.

Recognize revenues when or as the company satisfies a performance obligation. We recognize revenues when, or as, distinct performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of the product or service to the customer. A performance obligation is considered transferred when the customer obtains control of the product or service. Transfer of control is typically evaluated from the customer's perspective. At contract inception, we determine whether we satisfy the performance obligation over time or at a point in time.Revenue is recognized when performance obligations are satisfied.

Our contract payment terms are typically net 30 days. We assess collectability based on a number of factors including collection history and creditworthiness of the customer, and we may mitigate exposures to credit risk by requiring payments in advance. If we determine that collectability related to a contract is not probable, we may not record revenue until collectability becomes probable at a later date.

Our revenues are recorded based on the transaction price excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties such as sales taxes, which are collected on behalf of and remitted to governmental authorities.

Nature of products and services

Certain software licenses are sold either on-premises or through term-based hosting agreements. These hosting arrangements provide customers with the same product functionality and differ mainly in the duration over which the customer benefits from the software. We deliver our software licenses electronically. Electronic delivery occurs when we provide the customer with access to the software and license key via a secure portal. Revenue from on-premises software licenses is generally recognized upfront at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer.

Our contracts with customers for on-premises software licenses include maintenance services and may also include training and/or professional services. Maintenance services agreements consist of fees for providing software updates on an if and when available basis and for providing technical support for software products for a specified term. We believe that our software updates and technical support each have the same pattern of transfer to the customer and are substantially the same. Therefore, we consider these updates and technical support to be a single distinct performance obligation. Revenues allocated to maintenance services are recognized ratably as the maintenance services are provided. Revenues related to training services are billed on a fixed fee basis and are recognized as the services are delivered. Payments received in advance of services performed are deferred and recognized when the related services are performed. Revenues related to professional services are billed on a time and materials basis and are recognized as the services are performed.

We also provide cloud-based subscriptions, which allow customers to access our software during a contractual period without taking possession of the software. We recognize revenue related to these cloud-based subscriptions ratably over the life of the subscription agreement beginning when the customer first has access to the software.

Judgments and estimates

Our contracts with customers often include promises to transfer multiple products and services. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately from one another sometimes requires judgment.

Judgment is required to determine standalone selling prices (“SSP”) for each distinct performance obligation. We typically have more than one SSP for each of our products and services based on customer stratification, which is based on the size of the customer, their geographic region and market segment. We use other comparable software license sales to determine SSPs for perpetual software licenses. For our cloud-based subscriptions and for maintenance services, training and professional services, SSPs are generally observable using standalone sales and/or renewals. Our on-premises term-based software licenses generally do not have directly observable inputs for determining SSP. Therefore, we determine SSP using other observable inputs including customer buying patterns, renewal rates, cumulative spend comparisons and other industry data.

We evaluate contracts that include options to purchase additional goods or services to determine whether or not the options give rise to a separate performance obligation that is material. If we determine the options are material, the revenue allocated to such options is not recognized until the option is exercised or the option expires.

Our revenue recognition accounting policy for ASC 605 is included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2018, which was filed with the SEC on March 15, 2019. We applied the revenue recognition accounting policy for ASC 605 to our disclosures in Note 1, which include amounts presented for 2018.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)", ("ASU 2016-02"). ASU 2016-02 aims to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The amendments in ASU 2016-02 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, for public entities. Early application of the amendment is permitted. The Company is currently reviewing this guidance and its impact to the financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments", ("ASU 2016-13"). ASU 2016-13 affects entities holding financial assets and net investment in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. The amendments affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off-balance-sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. The amendments in ASU 2016-13 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact, if any, of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, "Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)", ("ASU 2017-11"). This update was issued to address complexities in accounting for certain equity-linked financial instruments containing down round features. The amendment changes the classification analysis of these financial instruments (or embedded features) so that equity classification is no longer precluded. The amendments in ASU 2017-11 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact, if any, of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, "Derivatives and Hedging Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities", ("ASU 2017-12"). This update was issued to better align an entity's risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. The amendments in ASU 2017-12 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is in the process of assessing the impact, if any, of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, "Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting", ("ASU 2018-07"). The standard addresses aspects of the accounting for nonemployee share-based payment transactions. The amendments in ASU 2018-07 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. The Company is currently reviewing this guidance and its impact to the financial statements.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, "Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases", ("ASU 2018-10"). The standard clarifies certain topics related to previously issued Topic 842. The amendments in ASU 2018-10 are not yet effective, but early adoption is permitted. For entities that have not yet adopted Topic 842, the effective date and transition requirements will be the same as the effective date and transition requirements in Topic 842. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance and its impact to the financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, "Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements", ("ASU 2018-11"). The ASU is intended to reduce costs and ease implementation of the leases standard for financial statement preparers. ASU 2018-11 provides a new transition method and a practical expedient for separating components of a contract. For entities that have not adopted Topic 842 before the issuance of this ASU, the effective date and transition requirements for the amendments in this update related to separating components of a contract are the same as the effective date and transition requirements in ASU 2016-02. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance and its impact to the financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurements", ("ASU 2018-13"). ASU 2018-13 modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820. The amendments in ASU 2018-13 are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company does not believe the ASU will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract", ("ASU 2018-15"). ASU 2018-15 align the requirement for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The amendments in ASU 2018-15 are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the guidance and its impact to the financial statements.

In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-18, "Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606", ("ASU 2018-18"). ASU 2018-13 provides guidance on whether certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for with revenue under Topic 606. The amendments in ASU 2018-18 are effective for all public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not believe the ASU will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-20, "Leases (Topic 842): Narrow - Scope Improvements for Lessors", ("ASU 2018-20"). ASU 2018-20 provides amendments related to sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from lessees, lessor costs for lessor entities that have lease contracts that either require lessees to pay lessor costs directly to a third party or require lessees to reimburse lessors for costs paid by lessors directly to third parties and finally, the recognition of variable payments for contracts with lease and nonlease components. The amendments in ASU 2018-20 are effective for entities that have not adopted Topic 842 before the issuance of this Update are the same as the effective date and transition requirements in Update 2016-02. The Company does not believe the ASU will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-01, "Leases (Topic 842): Codification Improvements, ("ASU 2019-01"). ASU 2019-01 aims to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing essential information about leasing transactions. The amendments in ASU 2019-01 amend Topic 842 and are effective date of those amendments is for fiscal years beginning December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years for public business entities. The Company does not believe the ASU will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Accounting standards that have been issued but are not yet effective by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date, which are not discussed above, are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements upon adoption.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

Revenue Recognition (ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASC 606"))

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09 related to revenue recognition and later issued additional ASUs including ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-12, ASU 2016-20 and ASU 2017-14, all of which clarified certain aspects of ASU 2014-09, and together with ASU 2014-09, which we refer to collectively as the new revenue recognition standard.

On October 1, 2018, we adopted the new revenue recognition standard using the modified retrospective method. Under this method, we recognized the cumulative effect of applying the new revenue recognition standard to existing revenue contracts that were active as of the adoption date as an adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit. Upon adoption, we recorded an adjustment of $1.7 million to our accumulated deficit. See Note 6 for additional detail.

The new revenue recognition standard materially impacts the timing of revenue recognition related to our on-premises term license agreements. Prior to our adoption of the new revenue recognition standard, we historically recognized revenue related to on-premises term license agreements ratably over the term of the licensing agreement. Under the new revenue recognition standard, revenue allocable to the license portion of the arrangement is recognized upon delivery of the license. Maintenance revenues related to on-premises term license agreements continue to be recognized ratably over the term of the licensing agreement. Under the new revenue recognition standard, we allocate total transaction price to performance obligations based on estimated standalone selling prices, which impacts the timing of revenue recognition depending on when each performance obligation is recognized. These impacts to the timing of revenue recognition also affect our deferred revenue balances.

The new revenue recognition standard requires the capitalization of certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract, which impacts the period in which we record our sales commissions expense. Prior to our adoption of the new revenue recognition standard, we recognized sales commissions expense as incurred. Under the new revenue recognition standard, we are required to recognize these expenses over the period of benefit associated with these costs. This results in a deferral of sales commissions expense each period. Upon adoption, we reduced our accumulated deficit by $692 thousand and recognized an offsetting asset for deferred sales commissions related to contracts that were not completed contracts prior to October 1, 2018.

For further discussion regarding the impacts of adopting the new revenue recognition standard, see Note 6.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10)", ("ASU 2016-01"). ASU 2016-01 addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The amendments in ASU 2016-01 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and was adopted by the Company as of October 1, 2018. The implementation of this standard did not results in a material impact to its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230)", ("ASU 2016-15"). ASU 2016-15 addresses classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments within the statement of cash flows. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods with those fiscal years, and was adopted by the Company as of October 1, 2018. The implementation of this standard did not result in a material impact to its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, "Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718)", ("ASU 2017-09"). The amendments in ASU 2017-09 provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. The amendments in ASU 2017-09 are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, and was adopted by the Company as of October 1, 2018. The implementation of this standard did not result in a material impact to its consolidated financial statements.