Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Practices

Foreign currencies

Assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of a subsidiary are remeasured at rates of exchange on the balance sheet date. Resulting gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries where the functional currency is not the U.S. dollar are translated to U.S. dollars using (i) exchange rates in effect at period end for assets and liabilities, and (ii) weighted average exchange rates during the period for revenues and expenses. Adjustments resulting from translation of such financial statements are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of consolidated equity.

Cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments, with an original maturity of three months or less, and certificates of deposit, which may be withdrawn at any time at the discretion of the Company without penalty, to be cash equivalents.

Inventory - PINs and other

Inventory - PINs and other is valued at the lower of cost or market value and primarily represents prepaid personal identification number (“PIN”) inventory for prepaid mobile airtime related to the epay Segment. PIN inventory is generally managed on a specific identification basis that approximates first in, first out for the respective denomination of prepaid mobile airtime sold. Inventory also includes vouchers, merchandise for physical reward fulfillment and other electronic payment products. Additionally, from time to time, Inventory - PINs and other may include POS terminals, mobile phone handsets and ATMs held by the Company for resale.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment acquired in acquisitions have been recorded at estimated fair values as of the acquisition date.

Depreciation is generally calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Depreciation and amortization rates are generally as follows:



ATMs or ATM upgrades	5 - 7 years
Computers and software	3 - 5 years
POS terminals	2 - 5 years
Vehicles and office equipment	2 - 10 years
Leasehold improvements	Over the lesser of the lease term or estimated useful life

Goodwill and other intangible assets

The Company accounts for goodwill and other intangible assets in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. ASC Topic 350 requires that the Company test for impairment on an annual basis and whenever events or circumstances dictate. Goodwill is allocated among and evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below an operating segment.

In September 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2011-08, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other ("Topic 350)": Testing Goodwill for Impairment. The guidance provides an entity the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not (more than 50%) that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If an entity elects to perform a qualitative assessment and determines that an impairment is more likely than not, the entity is then required to perform the existing two-step quantitative impairment test (described below), otherwise no further analysis is required. An entity also may elect not to perform the qualitative assessment and, instead, proceed directly to the two-step quantitative impairment test. The ultimate outcome of the goodwill impairment review for a reporting unit should be the same whether an entity chooses to perform the qualitative assessment or proceeds directly to the two-step quantitative impairment test. The Company adopted ASU 2011-08 effective January 1, 2012, and as a result, instituted a policy for its annual review of goodwill to perform the qualitative assessment for all reporting units not subjected directly to the two-step quantitative impairment test.

Under the qualitative assessment, various events and circumstances (or factors) that would affect the estimated fair value of a reporting unit are identified (similar to impairment indicators). These factors are then classified by the type of impact they would have on the estimated fair value using positive, neutral, and adverse categories based on current business conditions. Furthermore, the Company considers the results of the most recent two-step quantitative impairment test completed for a reporting unit and compares, among other factors, the weighted average cost of capital ("WACC") between the current and prior years for each reporting unit.

During the 2013 annual goodwill impairment test, the Company performed the qualitative assessment for eleven reporting units and concluded that it was more likely than not that the estimated fair values of eight reporting units were more than their carrying values. As such, no further analysis was required. For the remaining three reporting units, the Company concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair values of the reporting units were less than their carrying values; therefore, the Company proceeded to the two-step quantitative impairment test.

Under the two-step quantitative impairment test, the evaluation of impairment involves comparing the current fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. The Company uses weighted results from the discounted cash flow model ("DCF model") and guideline public company method ("Market Approach model") to estimate the current fair value of its reporting units when testing for impairment, as management believes forecasted cash flows and EBITDA are the best indicator of such fair value. A number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF model to forecast operating cash flows, including sales volumes and gross margins, tax rates, capital spending, discount rates and working capital changes. Most of these assumptions vary significantly among the reporting units. Significant assumptions in the Market Approach model are projected EBITDA, selected market multiple, and the estimated control premium.

In the event the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying value, additional analysis is required. The additional analysis would compare the carrying amount of the reporting unit's goodwill with the implied fair value of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is the excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the fair value amounts assigned to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit as if the reporting unit was acquired in a business combination and the fair value of the reporting unit represented the purchase price. If the carrying value of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, an impairment loss equal to such excess would be recognized.

During the 2013 annual goodwill impairment test, the Company completed the two-step quantitative impairment test for nine reporting units. As a result, the Company recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $18.4 million with respect to the epay Australia and epay Spain reporting units.

During the 2012 annual goodwill impairment test, the Company completed the two-step quantitative impairment test for eight reporting units. As a result, the Company recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $23.5 million with respect to the epay Brazil reporting unit.

Other Intangibles - In accordance with ASC Topic 350, intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Unless otherwise noted, amortization is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:



Non-compete agreements	2 - 5 years
Trademarks and trade names	2 - 20 years
Software	3 - 10 years
Customer relationships	6 - 12 years

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If such events or changes in circumstances are present, a loss is recognized if the carrying value of the asset is in excess of the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. During 2012, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $5.2 million with respect to the customer relationships of the epay Brazil business. No impairment of long-lived assets was recorded during 2013.

See Note 8, Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets, Net, for additional information regarding the impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets.

Other assets

Other assets include deferred financing costs, investments in unconsolidated affiliates, capitalized software development costs and capitalized payments for new or renewed contracts, contract renewals and customer conversion costs. Deferred financing costs represent expenses incurred to obtain financing that have been deferred and are being amortized over the life of the loan. Euronet capitalizes initial payments for new or renewed contracts to the extent recoverable through future operations, contractual minimums and/or penalties in the case of early termination. The Company's accounting policy is to limit the amount of capitalized costs for a given contract to the lesser of the estimated ongoing net future cash flows related to the contract or the termination fees the Company would receive in the event of early termination of the contract by the customer.

The Company accounts for investments in affiliates using the equity method of accounting when it has the ability to exercise significant influence over the affiliate. Equity losses in affiliates are generally recognized until the Company's investment is zero. As of December 31, 2012, investments in affiliates, related to the Company's 40% investment in epay Malaysia was $4.7 million; undistributed earnings in epay Malaysia was $4.6 million. In July 2013, the Company completed the sale of its investment in epay Malaysia for $7.6 million, which resulted in the recognition of a $2.8 million gain. As of December 31, 2013, the Company had no material investments in unconsolidated affiliates.

Software capitalization

Computer software to be sold - The Company applies ASC Topic 730, Research and Development, and ASC Topic 985 in recording research and development costs. Research costs related to the discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, or a new process or technique, or in bringing about significant improvement to an existing product or process, are expensed as incurred (also see Note 18, Computer Software to be Sold). Development costs aimed at the translation of research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process, or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process, whether intended for sale or use, are capitalized on a product-by-product basis when technological feasibility is established. Capitalization of computer software costs is discontinued when the computer software product is available to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed.

Technological feasibility of computer software products is established when the Company has completed all planning, designing, coding, and testing activities that are necessary to establish that the product can be produced to meet its design specifications including functions, features and technical performance requirements. Technological feasibility is evidenced by the existence of a working model of the product or by completion of a detail program design. The detail program design (i) establishes that the necessary skills, hardware, and software technology are available to produce the product, (ii) is complete and consistent with the product design, and (iii) has been reviewed for high-risk development issues, with any uncertainties related to identified high-risk development issues being adequately resolved.

Capitalized software costs are included in other assets and are amortized on a product-by-product basis, equal to the greater of the amount computed using (i) the ratio that current gross revenues for a product bear to the total of current and anticipated future gross revenues for that product or (ii) the straight-line method over the remaining estimated economic life of the product, generally three years at inception. Amortization commences when the product is available for general release to customers.

Software for internal use - The Company also develops software for internal use. These software development costs, as well as costs incurred for significant enhancements and upgrades, are capitalized based upon ASC 350-40. Internal-use software development costs are capitalized after the preliminary project stage is completed and management with the relevant authority authorizes and commits to funding a computer software project and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended. Costs incurred prior to meeting the qualifications are expensed as incurred. Capitalization ceases when the computer software project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Capitalized software for internal use is included in property and equipment.

Convertible debentures

The Company accounts for its convertible debt instruments that may be settled in cash upon conversion in accordance with ASC Topic 470, Debt, which requires the proceeds from the issuance of such convertible debt instruments to be allocated between debt and equity components so that debt is discounted to reflect the Company's nonconvertible debt borrowing rate. Further, the Company applies ASC 470-20-35-13, which requires the debt discount to be amortized over the period the convertible debt is expected to be outstanding as additional non-cash interest expense.

Noncontrolling interests

The Company accounts for noncontrolling interests in its consolidated financial statements according to ASC Topic 810, Consolidations, which requires noncontrolling interests to be reported as a component of equity.

Business combinations

The Company accounts for business combinations in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, which requires most identifiable assets, liabilities, noncontrolling interests and goodwill acquired in a business combination to be recorded at “full fair value” at the acquisition date. Additionally, ASC Topic 805 requires transaction-related costs to be expensed in the period incurred.

Income taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

In accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, the Company's policy is to record estimated interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. See Note 13, Taxes, for further discussion regarding these provisions.

Presentation of taxes collected and remitted to governmental authorities

The Company presents taxes collected and remitted to governmental authorities on a net basis in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.

Fair value measurements

The Company applies the provisions of ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, regarding fair value measurements for assets and liabilities. ASC Topic 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires certain disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions apply whenever other accounting pronouncements require or permit fair value measurements. See Note 17, Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements, for the required fair value disclosures.

Accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities

The Company accounts for derivative instruments and hedging activities in accordance with ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, which requires that all derivative instruments be recognized as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. Primarily in the Money Transfer Segment, the Company enters into foreign currency derivative contracts, mainly forward contracts, to offset foreign currency exposure related to the notional value of money transfer settlement assets and liabilities in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. These contracts are considered derivative instruments under the provisions of ASC Topic 815; however, the Company does not designate such instruments as hedges for accounting purposes. Accordingly, changes in the value of these contracts are recognized immediately as a component of foreign currency exchange gain (loss), net in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The impact of changes in value of these contracts, together with the impact of the change in value of the related foreign currency denominated settlement asset or liability, on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income and Consolidated Balance Sheets is not significant.

Cash flows resulting from derivative instruments are included in operating activities in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company enters into derivative instruments with highly credit-worthy financial institutions and does not use derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes. See Note 11, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, for further discussion of derivative instruments.

Revenue recognition

The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable and collection is reasonably assured. The majority of the Company's revenues are comprised of monthly recurring management fees and transaction-based fees. A description of the major components of revenue by business segment is as follows:

EFT Processing - Revenues in the EFT Processing Segment are primarily derived from transaction and management fees and foreign currency exchange margin from owned and outsourced ATM, POS and card processing networks and from the sale of EFT software solutions for electronic payment and transaction delivery systems, and fees or margin earned from value added services, including dynamic currency conversion.

Transaction-based fees include charges for cash withdrawals, debit or credit card transactions, balance inquiries, transactions not completed because the relevant card issuer does not give authorization and prepaid mobile airtime recharges. Outsourcing services are generally billed on the basis of a fixed monthly fee per ATM, plus a transaction-based fee. Transaction-based fees are recognized at the time the transactions are processed and outsourcing management fees are recognized ratably over the contract period.

Certain of the Company's non-cancelable customer contracts provide for the receipt of up-front fees from the customer and/or decreasing or increasing fee schedules over the agreement term for substantially the same level of services to be provided by the Company. As prescribed in SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 101, “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements,” as amended by SAB 104, “Revenue Recognition,” the Company recognizes revenue under these contracts based on proportional performance of services over the term of the contract. This generally results in “straight-line” (i.e., consistent value per period) revenue recognition of the contracts' total cash flows, including any up-front payment received from the customer.

Revenues from the sale of EFT software solutions represent software license fees, professional installation and customization fees, ongoing software maintenance fees, hardware sales and transaction fees. The Company recognizes professional service fee revenue in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 985, Software and ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition. ASC Topic 985 generally requires revenue earned on software arrangements involving multiple elements to be allocated to each element based on the relative fair values of those elements.

Revenues from software licensing agreement contracts are recognized over the professional services portion of the contract term using the percentage-of-completion method, following the guidance in ASC Topic 605, as prescribed by ASC Topic 985. Software maintenance revenue is recognized over the contractual period or as the maintenance-related service is performed. Revenues from the sale of hardware are generally recognized when title passes to the customer. Revenues in excess of billings on software licensing agreements were $0.8 million and $1.1 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and are recorded in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Billings in excess of revenues on software license agreements were $2.4 million and $2.5 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and are recorded as deferred revenue until such time the revenue recognition criteria are met.

epay - Revenue generated in the epay Segment is primarily derived from commissions or processing fees associated with distribution and/or processing of prepaid mobile airtime and other electronic payment products. These fees and commissions are received from mobile phone and other telecommunication operators, top-up distributors, other product vendors or distributors or from retailers. In accordance with ASC Topic 605, commissions received are recognized as revenue during the period in which the Company provides the service. The portion of the commission that is paid to retailers is generally recorded as a direct operating cost. However, in circumstances where the Company is not the primary obligor in the distribution of the electronic payment products, those commissions are recorded as a reduction of revenue. In selling certain products, the Company is the primary obligor in the arrangements; accordingly, the gross sales value of the products are recorded as revenue and the purchase cost as direct operating cost. Transactions are processed through a network of POS terminals and direct connections to the electronic payment systems of retailers. Transaction processing fees are recognized at the time the transactions are processed.

Money Transfer - In accordance with ASC Topic 605, revenues for money transfer and other services represent a transaction fee in addition to a margin earned from purchasing currency at wholesale exchange rates and selling the currency to consumers at retail exchange rates. Revenues and the associated direct operating cost are recognized at the time the transaction is processed. The Company has origination and distribution agents in place, which each earn a fee for the respective service. These fees are reflected as direct operating costs.

Share-based compensation

The Company follows the provisions of ASC Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation, for equity classified awards, which requires the determination of the fair value of the share-based compensation at the grant date and subsequent recognition of the related expense over the period in which the share-based compensation is earned (“requisite service period”).

The amount of future compensation expense related to awards of nonvested shares or nonvested share units (“restricted stock”) is based on the market price for Euronet Common Stock at the grant date. The grant date is the date at which all key terms and conditions of the grant have been determined and the Company becomes contingently obligated to transfer equity to the employee who renders the requisite service, generally the date at which grants are approved by the Company's Board of Directors or Compensation Committee thereof. Share-based compensation expense for awards with only service conditions is generally recognized as expense on a “straight-line” basis over the requisite service period. For awards that vest based on achieving periodic performance conditions, expense is recognized on a “graded attribution method.” The graded attribution method results in expense recognition on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of an award. The Company has elected to use the “with and without method” when calculating the income tax benefit associated with its share-based payment arrangements. See Note 15, Stock Plans, for further disclosure.