Allowance for Loan Losses

The Company’s ALLL covers estimated credit losses on individually evaluated loans that are determined to be impaired as well as estimated probable incurred losses inherent in the remainder of the loan portfolio. The ALLL is prepared using the information provided by the Company’s credit review process together with data from peer institutions and economic information gathered from published sources.

The loan portfolio is segmented into groups of loans with similar risk characteristics. Each segment possesses varying degrees of risk based on, among other things, the type of loan, the type of collateral, and the sensitivity of the borrower or industry to changes in external factors such as economic conditions. An estimated loss rate calculated using the Company’s actual historical loss rates adjusted for current portfolio trends, economic conditions, and other relevant internal and external factors, is applied to each group’s aggregate loan balances.

The Company's base ALLL factors are determined by management using the Bank's annualized actual trailing charge-off data over a full credit cycle with the loss emergence period extending on average from 1 to 1.4 years. Adjustments to those base factors are made for relevant internal and external factors. Those factors may include:


•	Changes in national, regional and local economic conditions, including trends in real estate values and the interest rate environment,


•	Changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, including new types of lending,


•	Changes in volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of nonaccrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded loans, and


•	The existence and effect of concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations.

For loans risk graded as watch or worse, progressively higher potential loss factors are applied based on migration analysis of risk grading and net charge-offs.

The following tables summarize the allocation of the allowance as well as the activity in the allowance attributed to various segments in the loan portfolio as of and for the periods indicated:



	Commercial and Industrial			Franchise			Commercial Owner Occupied			SBA			Agribusiness			Warehouse Facilities			Commercial Non-owner Occupied			Multi-family			One-to-four Family			Construction			Farmland			Land			Consumer Loans			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2016	$	6,362		$	3,845		$	1,193		$	1,039		$	—		$	—		$	1,715		$	2,927		$	365		$	3,632		$	—		$	198		$	20		$	21,296
Charge-offs	(1,344		)	—			—			(8		)	—			—			—			—			(10		)	—			—			—			—			(1,362		)
Recoveries	94			—			105			127			—			—			—			—			35			—			—			—			1			362
Provisions for (reduction in) loan losses	4,609			1,952			(531		)	1,732			1,291			—			(449		)	(2,320		)	413			937			137			795			74			8,640
Balance, December 31, 2017	$	9,721		$	5,797		$	767		$	2,890		$	1,291		$	—		$	1,266		$	607		$	803		$	4,569		$	137		$	993		$	95		$	28,936
Amount of allowance attributed to:
Specifically evaluated impaired loans	$	—		$	—		$	55		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	55
General portfolio allocation	9,721			5,797			712			2,890			1,291			—			1,266			607			803			4,569			137			993			95			28,881
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	1,160			—			97			1,201			—			—			—			—			817			—			—			9			—			3,284
Specific reserves to total loans individually evaluated for impairment	—		%	—		%	56.70		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	1.67		%
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	$	1,085,499		$	660,414		$	1,289,116		$	184,313		$	116,066		$	—		$	1,243,115		$	794,384		$	270,077		$	282,811		$	145,393		$	31,224		$	92,931		$	6,195,343
General reserves to total loans collectively evaluated for impairment	0.90		%	0.88		%	0.06		%	1.57		%	1.11		%	—		%	0.10		%	0.08		%	0.30		%	1.62		%	0.09		%	3.18		%	0.10		%	0.47		%
Total gross loans	$	1,086,659		$	660,414		$	1,289,213		$	185,514		$	116,066		$	—		$	1,243,115		$	794,384		$	270,894		$	282,811		$	145,393		$	31,233		$	92,931		$	6,198,627
Total allowance to gross loans	0.89		%	0.88		%	0.06		%	1.56		%	1.11		%	—		%	0.10		%	0.08		%	0.30		%	1.62		%	0.09		%	3.18		%	0.10		%	0.47		%



	Commercial and Industrial			Franchise			Commercial Owner Occupied			SBA			Agribusiness			Warehouse Facilities			Commercial Non-owner Occupied			Multi-family			One-to-four Family			Construction			Farmland			Land			Consumer Loans			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2015	$	3,449		$	3,124		$	1,870		$	1,500		$	—		$	759		$	2,048		$	1,583		$	698		$	2,030		$	—		$	233		$	23		$	17,317
Charge-offs	(2,802		)	(980		)	(329		)	(980		)	—			—			—			—			(151		)	—			—			—			—			(5,242		)
Recoveries	177			—			25			193			—			—			21			—			25			—			—			—			4			445
Provisions for (reduction in) loan losses	5,538			1,701			(373		)	326			—			(759		)	(354		)	1,344			(207		)	1,602			—			(35		)	(7		)	8,776
Balance, December 31, 2016	$	6,362		$	3,845		$	1,193		$	1,039		$	—		$	—		$	1,715		$	2,927		$	365		$	3,632		$	—		$	198		$	20		$	21,296
Amount of allowance attributed to:
Specifically evaluated impaired loans	$	250		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	250
General portfolio allocation	6,112			3,845			1,193			1,039			—			—			1,715			2,927			365			3,632			—			198			20			21,046
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	250			—			436			316			—			—			—			—			124			—			—			15			—			1,141
Specific reserves to total loans individually evaluated for impairment	100.00		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	21.91		%
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	$	562,919		$	459,421		$	454,482		$	88,678		$	—		$	—		$	586,975		$	690,955		$	100,327		$	269,159		$	—		$	19,814		$	4,112		$	3,236,842
General reserves to total loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1.09		%	0.84		%	0.26		%	1.17		%	—		%	—		%	0.29		%	0.42		%	0.36		%	1.35		%	—		%	1.00		%	0.49		%	0.65		%
Total gross loans	$	563,169		$	459,421		$	454,918		$	88,994		$	—		$	—		$	586,975		$	690,955		$	100,451		$	269,159		$	—		$	19,829		$	4,112		$	3,237,983
Total allowance to gross loans	1.13		%	0.84		%	0.26		%	1.17		%	—		%	—		%	0.29		%	0.42		%	0.36		%	1.35		%	—		%	1.00		%	0.49		%	0.66		%



	Commercial and Industrial			Franchise			Commercial Owner Occupied			SBA			Agribusiness			Warehouse Facilities			Commercial Non-owner Occupied			Multi-family			One-to-four Family			Construction			Farmland			Land			Consumer Loans			Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2014	$	2,646		$	1,554		$	1,757		$	568		$	—		$	546		$	2,007		$	1,060		$	842		$	1,088		$	—		$	108		$	24		$	12,200
Charge-offs	(484		)	(764		)	—			—			—			—			(116		)	—			(16		)	—			—			—			—			(1,380		)
Recoveries	47			—			—			8			—			—			3			—			13			—			—			—			1			72
Provisions for (reduction in) loan losses	1,240			2,334			113			924			—			213			154			523			(141		)	942			—			125			(2		)	6,425
Balance, December 31, 2015	$	3,449		$	3,124		$	1,870		$	1,500		$	—		$	759		$	2,048		$	1,583		$	698		$	2,030		$	—		$	233		$	23		$	17,317
Amount of allowance attributed to:
Specifically evaluated impaired loans	$	—		$	731		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	731
General portfolio allocation	3,449			2,393			1,870			1,500			—			759			2,048			1,583			698			2,030			—			233			23			16,586
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	313			1,630			536			—			—			—			214			—			70			—			—			21			—			2,784
Specific reserves to total loans individually evaluated for impairment	—		%	44.85		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%	26.26		%
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	$	309,428		$	327,295		$	294,190		$	62,256		$	—		$	143,200		$	421,369		$	429,003		$	79,980		$	169,748		$	—		$	18,319		$	5,111		$	2,259,899
General reserves to total loans collectively evaluated for impairment	1.11		%	0.73		%	0.64		%	2.41		%	—		%	0.53		%	0.49		%	0.37		%	0.87		%	1.20		%	—		%	1.27		%	0.45		%	0.73		%
Total gross loans	$	309,741		$	328,925		$	294,726		$	53,691		$	—		$	143,200		$	421,583		$	429,003		$	80,050		$	169,748		$	—		$	18,340		$	5,111		$	2,254,118
Total allowance to gross loans	1.11		%	0.95		%	0.63		%	2.79		%	—		%	0.53		%	0.49		%	0.37		%	0.87		%	1.20		%	—		%	1.27		%	0.45		%	0.77		%