10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarter Ended June 30, 2019       Commission File Number:  0‑3676

VSE CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

DELAWARE	54-0649263
(State or Other Jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization)	Identification No.)

6348 Walker Lane
Alexandria, Virginia	22310	www.vsecorp.com
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)	(Webpage)

Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code:  (703) 960-4600

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.05 per share	VSEC	The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes [x]    No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes [x]    No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of "accelerated filer and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer [ ]	Accelerated filer [x]
Non-accelerated filer [ ]	Smaller reporting company [ ]
	Emerging growth company [ ]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transaction period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Yes [ ]    No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes [ ]    No [x]

Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of July 22, 2019: 10,970,123

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
		Page
PART I
ITEM 1.	Financial Statements
	Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	4
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	5
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	6
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	7
	Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018	9
	Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements	10
ITEM 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	23
ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks	32
ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	32
PART II
ITEM 1.	Legal Proceedings	32
ITEM 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	32
ITEM 6.	Exhibits, Financial Statements and Schedules	33
Signatures		34

-2-

VSE Corporation and Subsidiaries

Forward Looking Statements

This report contains statements that, to the extent they are not recitations of historical fact, constitute "forward looking statements" under federal securities laws. All such forward looking statements are intended to be subject to the safe harbor protection provided by applicable securities laws. For discussions identifying some important factors that could cause actual results of VSE Corporation ("VSE," the "Company," "us," "our" or "we") to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward looking statements contained in this report, see VSE's discussions captioned "Business," "Risk Factors," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements" contained in VSE's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on March 7, 2019 ("2018 Form 10-K").

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward looking statements, which reflect management's analysis only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to revise publicly these forward looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date hereof. Readers should carefully review the risk factors described in our 2018 Form 10-K and in the reports and other documents the Company files from time to time with the SEC, including this and other Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and any Current Reports on Form 8-K that we have filed or will file with the SEC subsequent to December 31, 2018.

-3-

PART I.  Financial Information

Item 1.    Financial Statements

VSE Corporation and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

	June 30,			December 31,
	2019			2018
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	760		$	162
Receivables, net	74,012			60,004
Unbilled receivables, net	45,961			41,255
Inventories, net	197,213			166,392
Other current assets	15,232			13,407
Total current assets	333,178			281,220
Property and equipment, net	44,216			49,606
Intangible assets, net	147,921			94,892
Goodwill	259,212			198,622
Operating lease right-of-use assets	25,256			—
Other assets	16,992			14,488
Total assets	$	826,775		$	638,828
Liabilities and Stockholders' equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	10,091		$	9,466
Accounts payable	74,310			57,408
Current portion of earn-out obligation	10,700			—
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	39,428			37,133
Dividends payable	987			871
Total current liabilities	135,516			104,878
Long-term debt, less current portion	268,985			151,133
Deferred compensation	17,201			17,027
Long-term lease obligations, less current portion	—			18,913
Long-term operating lease liabilities	25,716			—
Earn-out obligation	14,300			—
Deferred tax liabilities	18,720			18,482
Total liabilities	480,438			310,433
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, par value $0.05 per share, authorized 15,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 10,970,123 and 10,886,036, respectively	549			544
Additional paid-in capital	29,411			26,632
Retained earnings	317,652			301,073
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(1,275		)	146
Total stockholders' equity	346,337			328,395
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	826,775		$	638,828

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

-4-

VSE Corporation and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income

(in thousands except share and per share amounts)

	For the three months ended June 30,				For the six months ended June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenues:
Products	$	93,875	$	90,119	$	182,776	$	178,792
Services	95,236		80,275		176,254		168,499
Total revenues	189,111		170,394		359,030		347,291
Costs and operating expenses:
Products	79,380		75,834		155,673		150,560
Services	87,347		75,971		162,787		161,726
Selling, general and administrative expenses	988		730		2,370		1,549
Amortization of intangible assets	4,980		4,004		9,971		8,008
Total costs and operating expenses	172,695		156,539		330,801		321,843
Operating income	16,416		13,855		28,229		25,448
Interest expense, net	3,398		2,182		6,556		4,357
Income before income taxes	13,018		11,673		21,673		21,091
Provision for income taxes	3,120		2,922		5,172		5,288
Net income	$	9,898	$	8,751	$	16,501	$	15,803
Basic earnings per share	$	0.90	$	0.80	$	1.51	$	1.45
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	10,969,899		10,881,106		10,945,172		10,870,887
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.89	$	0.80	$	1.50	$	1.45
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	11,072,745		10,918,927		11,023,685		10,907,777
Dividends declared per share	$	0.09	$	0.08	$	0.17	$	0.15

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

-5-

VSE Corporation and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(in thousands)

	For the three months ended June 30,					For the six months ended June 30,
	2019			2018		2019			2018
Net income	$	9,898		$	8,751	$	16,501		$	15,803
Change in fair value of interest rate swap agreements, net of tax	(729		)	123		(1,421		)	334
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(729		)	123		(1,421		)	334
Comprehensive income	$	9,169		$	8,874	$	15,080		$	16,137

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

-6-

VSE Corporation and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(in thousands except per share data)

Three months ended June 30, 2019
				Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Total Stockholders' Equity
	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount
Balance at March 31, 2019	10,950	$	547	$	28,788	$	308,742		$	(546	)	$	337,531
Net income	—	—		—		9,898			—			9,898
Stock-based compensation	20	2		623		—			—			625
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—	—		—		—			(729		)	(729		)
Dividends declared ($0.09 per share)	—	—		—		(988		)	—			(988		)
Balance at June 30, 2019	10,970	$	549	$	29,411	$	317,652		$	(1,275	)	$	346,337

Three months ended June 30, 2018
				Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount
Balance at March 31, 2018	10,881	$	544	$	26,490	$	275,887		$	392	$	303,313
Net income	—	—		—		8,751			—		8,751
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—		—			123		123
Dividends declared ($0.08 per share)	—	—		—		(871		)	—		(871		)
Balance at June 30, 2018	10,881	$	544	$	26,490	$	283,767		$	515	$	311,316

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

-7-

VSE Corporation and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (continued)

(in thousands except per share data)

Six months ended June 30, 2019
				Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Stockholders' Equity
	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2018	10,886	$	544	$	26,632	$	301,073		$	146		$	328,395
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2016-02, net of tax	—	—		—		1,944			—			1,944
Net income	—	—		—		16,501			—			16,501
Stock-based compensation	84	5		2,779		—			—			2,784
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax	—	—		—		—			(1,421		)	(1,421		)
Dividends declared ($0.17 per share)	—	—		—		(1,866		)	—			(1,866		)
Balance at June 30, 2019	10,970	$	549	$	29,411	$	317,652		$	(1,275	)	$	346,337

Six months ended June 30, 2018
				Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Total Stockholders' Equity
	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2017	10,839	$	542	$	24,470	$	267,902		$	181	$	293,095
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2014-09, net of tax	—	—		—		1,695			—		1,695
Net income	—	—		—		15,803			—		15,803
Stock-based compensation	42	2		2,020		—			—		2,022
Other comprehensive income, net of tax	—	—		—		—			334		334
Dividends declared ($0.15 per share)	—	—		—		(1,633		)	—		(1,633		)
Balance at June 30, 2018	10,881	$	544	$	26,490	$	283,767		$	515	$	311,316

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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VSE Corporation and Subsidiaries

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

	For the six months ended June 30,
	2019			2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	16,501		$	15,803
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	13,637			12,723
Deferred taxes	(312		)	(888		)
Stock-based compensation	1,982			1,676
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of impact of acquisitions:
Receivables, net	(6,599		)	1,131
Unbilled receivables, net	(4,706		)	9,604
Inventories, net	(23,942		)	(34,352		)
Other current assets and noncurrent assets	(3,914		)	4,227
Accounts payable and deferred compensation	14,149			(6,164		)
Accrued expenses and other current and noncurrent liabilities	(2,744		)	(6,568		)
Long-term lease obligations	—			(816		)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	4,052			(3,624		)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(6,303		)	(1,880		)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment	4			46
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(112,660		)	—
Net cash used in investing activities	(118,959		)	(1,834		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings on loan agreement	300,726			359,554
Repayments on loan agreement	(182,516		)	(349,534		)
Payment of debt financing costs	—			(1,692		)
Payments on capital lease obligations	—			(707		)
Payments of taxes for equity transactions	(955		)	(641		)
Dividends paid	(1,750		)	(1,522		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	115,505			5,458
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	598			—
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	162			624
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	760		$	624

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

-9-

VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2019

(1) Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

Our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to SEC Form 10-Q and Article 10 of SEC Regulation S-X. Accordingly, such financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In our opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019. For further information refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our 2018 Form 10-K.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates affecting the financial statements include accruals for contract disallowance reserves, award fee revenues, costs to complete on fixed price contracts, recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets, and earn-out obligations.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASC 842"), to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The new standard is required to be adopted using a modified retrospective method and is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. In July 2018, the FASB provided an alternative transition method of adoption through ASU No. 2018-11, Targeted Improvements, which provides entities with an optional transition method to apply the transition provisions of ASU 2016-02 at the beginning of the period of adoption.

On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842 using the alternative transition method provided by ASU 2018-11 recording right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for our existing leases as of January 1, 2019, as well as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of initially applying the new standard as of January 1, 2019. We have elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which does not require reassessment of prior conclusions related to lease identification, lease classification, and treatment for initial direct lease costs. We have not elected the practical expedients pertaining to the use of hindsight and land easements.

The adoption of new lease standard resulted in the recharacterization of our headquarters lease, which was accounted for using the financing method under previously existing build-to-suit accounting rules, to an operating lease under ASC 842.Upon adoption of the new lease standard on January 1, 2019, we recorded a right-of-use asset of $24.3 million, property and equipment of $2.8 million, and operating lease liability of $29.6 million, with immaterial changes to other balance sheet accounts. The recharacterization resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of approximately $1.9 million, net of taxes, as of January 1, 2019. The new standard did not have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations or cash flows.

(2) Acquisition

On January 10, 2019, our wholly owned subsidiary VSE Aviation, Inc. ("VSE Aviation") acquired 100% of the equity of 1st Choice Aerospace Inc. ("1st Choice Aerospace"), a provider of maintenance, repair and overhaul ("MRO") services and products for new generation and legacy commercial aircraft. 1st Choice Aerospace has operations in Florida and Kentucky. We have retained key members of 1st Choice Aerospace's management team under three-year employment contracts with five-year non-compete covenants.

The initial purchase consideration paid at closing for 1st Choice Aerospace was approximately $113 million, which included $1.1 million as an estimated net working capital adjustment. We will also be required to make earn-out payments of up to $40 million if 1st Choice Aerospace meets certain financial targets during 2019 and 2020. Approximately $1.1 million of our closing payments was deposited into an escrow account to secure the sellers' indemnification obligations. Any amount remaining in such escrow account at the end of the indemnification period less any then pending indemnification claims will be distributed to the sellers. 1st Choice Aerospace's results of operations are included in our Aviation Group in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements beginning on the acquisition date of January 10, 2019. 1st Choice Aerospace had unaudited revenues of approximately $27.3 million

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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2019

and operating income of approximately $5.9 million before amortization of intangible assets of approximately $2.0 million and allocated corporate costs of approximately $780 thousand from the acquisition date through June 30, 2019.

We are in the process of finalizing our valuation of the 1st Choice Aerospace assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The fair values assigned to our 1st Choice Aerospace earn-out obligation and intangible assets acquired were based on preliminary estimates, assumptions, and other information compiled by management, including independent valuations that utilized established valuation techniques. Therefore, these provisional amounts are subject to change as we complete the valuations throughout the measurement period, which will extend throughout 2019.

Based on our preliminary valuation, the total estimated purchase price has been allocated to assets acquired (including identifiable intangible assets and goodwill) and liabilities assumed, as follows (in thousands):

Description	Fair Value
Cash	$	396
Accounts receivable	7,409
Inventories	6,879
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	382
Property and equipment	4,044
Intangibles - customer related	55,000
Intangibles - trade name	8,000
Goodwill	60,590
Operating lease right-of-use assets	2,643
Other assets	333
Other current liabilities	(5,244		)
Long-term operating lease liabilities	(2,376		)
	$	138,056
Cash consideration	$	113,056
Acquisition date estimated fair value of earn-out obligation	25,000
Total	$	138,056

The estimated value attributed to customer relationships is being amortized on a straight-line basis using weighted average useful lives of 17 years. The estimated value attributed to trade name is being amortized on a straight-line basis over nine years. The preliminary amount of goodwill recorded for our 1st Choice Aerospace acquisition was approximately $61 million, all of which is expected to be amortizable for income tax purposes. The goodwill recognized reflects the strategic advantage of expanding our sustainment services into the aviation supply chain market.

We incurred approximately $154 thousand and $408 thousand of acquisition-related expenses during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. The following VSE consolidated pro forma results are prepared as if the 1st Choice Aerospace acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2018. This information is for comparative purposes only and does not necessarily reflect the results that would have occurred or may occur in the future.

The unaudited consolidated pro forma results of operations are as follows (in thousands except per share amounts):

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenue	$	189,111	$	181,569	$	360,589	$	368,988
Net Income	$	10,025	$	8,870	$	17,064	$	16,171
Basic earnings per share	$	0.92	$	0.82	$	1.56	$	1.49
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.91	$	0.81	$	1.55	$	1.48

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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2019

(3) Revenue

Disaggregated Revenue

Our revenues are derived from contract services performed for the United States Postal Service ("USPS"), United States Department of Defense ("DoD") agencies or federal civilian agencies and from the delivery of products to our clients. Our customers also include various other government agencies and commercial entities.

A summary of revenues for our operating groups by customer for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019
Customer	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
USPS	$	42,112	$	—	$	—	$	42,112
DoD	6,461		260		68,359		75,080
Commercial	5,090		54,086		—		59,176
Other government	142		651		11,950		12,743
	$	53,805	$	54,997	$	80,309	$	189,111

	Six months ended June 30, 2019
Customer	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
USPS	$	84,795	$	—	$	—	$	84,795
DoD	11,303		1,155		125,323		137,781
Commercial	9,070		102,561		1,104		112,735
Other government	341		651		22,727		23,719
	$	105,509	$	104,367	$	149,154	$	359,030

A summary of revenues for our operating groups by customer for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30, 2018
Customer	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
USPS	$	43,089	$	—	$	—	$	43,089
DoD	7,525		1,025		73,637		82,187
Commercial	3,413		34,037		31		37,481
Other government	236		742		6,659		7,637
	$	54,263	$	35,804	$	80,327	$	170,394

	Six months ended June 30, 2018
Customer	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
USPS	$	87,120	$	—	$	—	$	87,120
DoD	15,701		2,240		151,899		169,840
Commercial	6,799		65,572		233		72,604
Other government	507		742		16,478		17,727
	$	110,127	$	68,554	$	168,610	$	347,291

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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2019

A summary of revenues for our operating groups by contract type for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019
Contract Type	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
Cost-type	$	—	$	169	$	33,496	$	33,665
Fixed-price	53,805		25,056		19,153		98,014
Time and materials	—		29,772		27,660		57,432
Total revenues	$	53,805	$	54,997	$	80,309	$	189,111

	Six months ended June 30, 2019
Contract Type	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
Cost-type	$	—	$	381	$	61,336	$	61,717
Fixed-price	105,509		48,992		39,020		193,521
Time and materials	—		54,994		48,798		103,792
Total revenues	$	105,509	$	104,367	$	149,154	$	359,030

A summary of revenues for our operating groups by contract type for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30, 2018
Contract Type	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
Cost-type	$	—	$	701	$	41,801	$	42,502
Fixed-price	54,263		19,869		17,204		91,336
Time and materials	—		15,234		21,322		36,556
Total revenues	$	54,263	$	35,804	$	80,327	$	170,394

	Six months ended June 30, 2018
Contract Type	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
Cost-type	$	—	$	1,098	$	92,922	$	94,020
Fixed-price	110,127		39,373		32,343		181,843
Time and materials	—		28,083		43,345		71,428
Total revenues	$	110,127	$	68,554	$	168,610	$	347,291

Contract Balances

Billed receivables, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and contract liabilities are the results of revenue recognition, customer billing, and timing of payment receipts. Billed receivables, net, represent unconditional rights to consideration under the terms of the contract and include amounts billed and currently due from our customers. Unbilled receivables represent our right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that we have transferred to the customer prior to us having the right to payment for such goods or services. Contract liabilities are recorded when customers remit contractual cash payments in advance of us satisfying related performance obligations under contractual arrangements, including those with performance obligations to be satisfied over a period of time.

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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2019

We present our unbilled receivables and contract liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis. If a contract liability exists, it is netted against the unbilled receivables balance for that contract. Unbilled receivables increased from $41.3 million at December 31, 2018 to $46.0 million at June 30, 2019, primarily due to revenue recognized in excess of billings. Contract liabilities, which are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet, decreased from $5.0 million at December 31, 2018 to $4.9 million at June 30, 2019, primarily due to revenue recognized in excess of advance payments received. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, we recognized revenue that was previously included in the beginning balance of contract liabilities of $2.0 million and $7.7 million, respectively.

Performance Obligations

Our performance obligations are satisfied over time as work progresses or at a point in time. Revenues from products and services transferred to customers over time accounted for approximately 57% of our revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, primarily related to revenues in our Federal Services Group and for MRO services in our Aviation Group. Revenues from products and services transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for approximately 43% of our revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018. The majority of our revenue recognized at a point in time is for the sale of vehicle and aircraft parts in our Supply Chain Management and Aviation groups.

As of June 30, 2019, the aggregate amount of transaction prices allocated to unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations was $269 million. Performance obligations expected to be satisfied within one year and greater than one year are 97% and 3%, respectively. We have applied the practical expedient for certain parts sales and MRO services to exclude the amount of remaining performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected term of one year or less or (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue in proportion to the amount we have the right to invoice for services performed.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods was not material.

(4) Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,			December 31,
	2019			2018
Bank credit facility - term loan	$	75,800		$	80,800
Bank credit facility - revolver loans	205,144			81,934
Principal amount of long-term debt	280,944			162,734
Less debt issuance costs	(1,868		)	(2,135		)
Total long-term debt	279,076			160,599
Less current portion	(10,091		)	(9,466		)
Long-term debt, net of current portion	$	268,985		$	151,133

We have a loan agreement with a group of banks to provide working capital, letters of credit and acquisition financing. The loan agreement, which was amended in January 2018 and expires in January 2023, has a term loan facility and a revolving loan facility. The revolving loan facility provides for revolving loans and letters of credit. Financing costs associated with the loan agreement amendment of approximately $1.5 million were capitalized and are being amortized over the five-year life of the loan. The fair value of outstanding debt as of June 30, 2019 under our bank loan facilities approximates its carrying value using Level 2 inputs based on market data on companies with a corporate rating similar to ours that have recently priced credit facilities.

Our required term loan payments after June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2019

2019	$	5,000
2020	11,875
2021	14,375
2022	15,000
2023	29,550
Total	$	75,800

The maximum amount of credit available to us under the loan agreement for revolving loans and letters of credit as of June 30, 2019 was $300 million. Subject to the terms of the loan agreement, we may borrow and repay the revolving loan borrowings as our cash flows require or permit. We pay an unused commitment fee and fees on letters of credit that are issued. We had$18 thousand and $57 thousand in letters of credit outstanding as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Under the loan agreement we may elect to increase the maximum availability of the term loan facility, the revolving loan facility, or both facilities, up to an aggregate additional amount of $100 million.

We pay interest on the term loan borrowings and revolving loan borrowings at LIBOR plus a base margin or at a base rate (typically the prime rate) plus a base margin. As of June 30, 2019, the LIBOR base margin was 2.50% and the base rate base margin was 1.25%. The base margins increase or decrease in increments as our Total Funded Debt/EBITDA Ratio increases or decreases, respectively.

The loan agreement requires us to have interest rate hedges on a portion of the outstanding term loan for the first three years after the January 2018 amendment date of the agreement. To mitigate the risks associated with future interest rate movements we have employed interest rate hedges to fix the rate on a portion of our outstanding borrowings for various periods. We executed interest rate swap agreements in February 2019 and February 2018. The notional amount of the interest rate swap agreements was $125 million and $50 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

After taking into account the impact of interest rate swap agreements, as of June 30, 2019, interest rates on portions of our outstanding debt ranged from 4.89% to 6.75%, and the effective interest rate on our aggregate outstanding debt was 5.16%.

Interest expense incurred on bank loan borrowings and interest rate hedges was approximately $3.4 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Interest expense incurred on bank loan borrowings and interest rate hedges was approximately $6.3 million and $3.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The loan agreement contains collateral requirements to secure our loan agreement obligations, restrictive covenants, a limit on annual dividends, and other affirmative and negative covenants, conditions, and limitations. Restrictive covenants include a maximum Total Funded Debt/EBITDA Ratio and a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. We were in compliance with required ratios and other terms and conditions at June 30, 2019.

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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2019

(5) Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share ("EPS") has been computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Shares issued during the period are weighted for the portion of the period that they were outstanding. Our calculation of diluted earnings per common share includes the dilutive effects for an assumed vesting of restricted stock awards.

	Three months ended June 30,		Six months ended June 30,
	2019	2018	2019	2018
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	10,969,899	10,881,106	10,945,172	10,870,887
Effect of dilutive shares	102,846	37,821	78,513	36,890
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	11,072,745	10,918,927	11,023,685	10,907,777

(6) Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

We determine at its inception whether an arrangement that provides us control over the use of an asset is a lease. We recognize at lease commencement a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and lease liability based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term. Substantially all of our leases are long-term operating leases for facilities with fixed payment terms between two and 15 years. Our operating lease ROU assets are recorded in operating lease right-of-use assets on our accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheet. The current portion of operating lease liabilities are presented within accrued expenses and other current liabilities,

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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2019

and the non-current portion of operating lease liabilities are presented under long-term operating lease liabilities on our accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheet.

For leases with terms greater than 12 months, we record the related asset and lease liability at the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less with purchase options or extension options that are not reasonably certain to be exercised are not recorded on the balance sheet. We recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Our lease cost for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 included the following components (in thousands):

	Three months			Six months
Operating lease cost	$	1,625		$	3,250
Short-term lease cost	175			299
Less: sublease income	(251		)	(540		)
Total lease cost, net	$	1,549		$	3,009

Certain of our leases include options to extend the term of the lease or to terminate the lease. When it is reasonably certain that we will exercise the option, we include the impact of the option in the lease term for purposes of determining total future lease payments. Our lease agreements do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate nor is it available to us from our lessors. Instead, we estimate our incremental borrowing rate based on information available at lease commencement in order to discount lease payments to present value.

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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2019

The table below summarizes future minimum lease payments under operating leases, recorded on the balance sheet, as of June 30, 2019 (in thousands):

	Operating Leases
Last six months of 2019	$	2,439
2020	5,384
2021	5,088
2022	5,112
2023	4,790
After 2023	14,149
Minimum lease payments	36,962
Less: imputed interest	(7,078		)
Present value of minimum lease payments	29,884
Less: current maturities of lease liabilities	(4,168		)
Long-term lease liabilities	$	25,716

We made cash payments of approximately $3.2 million for operating leases during the six months ended June 30, 2019, which are included in cash flows from operating activities in our unaudited consolidated statement of cash flows. The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate for our operating leases were approximately 7.0 years and 6.0%, respectively at June 30, 2019.

As of June 30, 2019, we have additional future payments on a lease that has not yet commenced of approximately $300 thousand. This lease will commence in 2019 and has a lease term of approximately three years.

Contingencies

On or about April 19, 2018 Joseph Waggoner, on behalf of himself and all similarly situated individuals, filed a lawsuit against VSE and two of our subcontractors in the United State District Court, Eastern District of Texas, Texarkana Division, alleging overtime compensation entitlement at a rate of one and one-half times their regular rate of pay for all hours worked over 40 hours in a workweek. The plaintiffs are seeking to certify the case as a collective action for similarly situated individuals. The plaintiffs work under a contract between defendants and the United States Army at the Red River Army Depot in Texas. The plaintiffs assert that employees' 15-minute unpaid work breaks should have been included as "working hours" in calculating overtime. We believe it is probable that VSE will incur a loss related to this matter. We have accrued a loss provision for this matter, which represents our reasonable estimate related to a possible unfavorable settlement. While we do not believe that we will have any additional liability that is material, there can be no guaranty that the ultimate resolution will not result in an additional liability that is material.

Other Matters

In addition to the above-referenced legal proceeding, we may have certain claims in the normal course of business, including legal proceedings, against us and against other parties. In our opinion, the resolution of these other claims will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. However, because the results of any legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, the amount of loss, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated.

Further, from time-to-time, government agencies investigate whether our operations are being conducted in accordance with applicable contractual and regulatory requirements. Government investigations of us, whether relating to government contracts or conducted for other reasons, could result in administrative, civil or criminal liabilities, including repayments, fines or penalties being imposed upon us, or could lead to suspension or debarment from future government contracting. Government investigations often take years to complete and many result in no adverse action against us. We believe, based upon current information, that the outcome of any such government disputes and investigations will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2019

(7) Business Segments and Customer Information

Business Segments

Management of our business operations is conducted under three reportable operating segments:

Supply Chain Management Group – Our Supply Chain Management Group supplies vehicle parts primarily through a Managed Inventory Program ("MIP") and direct sales to the United States Postal Service ("USPS"), the United States Department of Defense ("DoD") and to commercial customers.

Aviation Group – Our Aviation Group provides maintenance, repair and overhaul ("MRO") services, parts supply and distribution, and supply chain solutions for commercial aerospace and business and general aviation jet aircraft engines and engine accessories.

Federal Services Group – Our Federal Services Group provides engineering, industrial, logistics, foreign military sales, legacy equipment sustainment services, IT and technical and consulting services primarily to DoD and other government agencies.

The operating segments reported below are the segments of the Company for which separate financial information is available and for which segment results are evaluated regularly by our Chief Executive Officer in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. We evaluate segment performance based on consolidated revenues and operating income. Net sales of our business segments exclude intersegment sales as these activities are eliminated in consolidation. Our segment information is as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenues:
Supply Chain Management Group	$	53,805		$	54,263		$	105,509		$	110,127
Aviation Group	54,997			35,804			104,367			68,554
Federal Services Group	80,309			80,327			149,154			168,610
Total revenues	$	189,111		$	170,394		$	359,030		$	347,291
Operating income:
Supply Chain Management Group	$	7,557		$	8,168		$	14,545		$	15,764
Aviation Group	5,204			2,846			8,252			5,107
Federal Services Group	5,059			3,606			8,444			6,084
Corporate/unallocated expenses	(1,404		)	(765		)	(3,012		)	(1,507		)
Operating income	$	16,416		$	13,855		$	28,229		$	25,448

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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2019

Customer Information

Our revenues by customer is as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,								Six months ended June 30,
Customer	2019		%		2018		%		2019		%		2018		%
USPS	$	42,112	22.3	%	$	43,089	25.3	%	$	84,795	23.6	%	$	87,120	25.1	%
U.S. Navy	22,202		11.8	%	35,696		20.9	%	42,807		11.9	%	78,281		22.5	%
U.S. Army	47,333		25.0	%	41,548		24.4	%	84,052		23.4	%	84,335		24.3	%
U.S. Air Force	5,545		2.9	%	4,943		2.9	%	10,922		3.1	%	7,224		2.1	%
Total - DoD	75,080		39.7	%	82,187		48.2	%	137,781		38.4	%	169,840		48.9	%
Commercial aviation	54,086		28.6	%	34,037		20.0	%	102,561		28.6	%	65,572		18.9	%
Other commercial	5,090		2.7	%	3,444		2.0	%	10,174		2.8	%	7,032		2.0	%
Total - Commercial	59,176		31.3	%	37,481		22.0	%	112,735		31.4	%	72,604		20.9	%
Other government	12,743		6.7	%	7,637		4.5	%	23,719		6.6	%	17,727		5.1	%
Total	$	189,111	100	%	$	170,394	100	%	$	359,030	100	%	$	347,291	100	%

(8) Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Changes in goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

	Supply Chain Management		Federal Services		Aviation		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	63,190	$	30,883	$	104,549	$	198,622
Increase from acquisition	—		—		60,590		60,590
Balance as of June 30, 2019	$	63,190	$	30,883	$	165,139	$	259,212

Intangible assets consist of the value of contract and customer-related intangible assets, acquired technologies and trade names. Amortization expense was approximately $5.0 million and $10.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and $4.0 million and $8.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2019

Intangible assets, net were comprised of the following (in thousands):

	Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Accumulated Impairment Loss			Net Intangible Assets
June 30, 2019
Contract and customer-related	$	228,094	$	(94,185	)	$	(1,025	)	$	132,884
Acquired technologies	12,400		(9,096		)	—			3,304
Trade names	24,670		(12,937		)	—			11,733
Total	$	265,164	$	(116,218	)	$	(1,025	)	$	147,921
December 31, 2018
Contract and customer-related	$	173,094	$	(86,076	)	$	(1,025	)	$	85,993
Acquired technologies	12,400		(8,533		)	—			3,867
Trade names	16,670		(11,638		)	—			5,032
Total	$	202,164	$	(106,247	)	$	(1,025	)	$	94,892

(9) Fair Value Measurements

The accounting standard for fair value measurements defines fair value, and establishes a market-based framework or hierarchy for measuring fair value. The standard is applicable whenever assets and liabilities are measured at fair value.

The fair value hierarchy established in the standard prioritizes the inputs used in valuation techniques into three levels as follows:

Level 1–Observable inputs–quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities;

Level 2–Observable inputs-other than the quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities–includes quoted prices for similar instruments, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in inactive markets and amounts derived from valuation models where all significant inputs are observable in active markets; and

Level 3–Unobservable inputs–includes amounts derived from valuation models where one or more significant inputs are unobservable and require us to develop relevant assumptions.

The following table summarizes the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and the level they fall within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

Amounts Recorded at Fair Value	Financial Statement Classification	Fair Value Hierarchy	Fair Value June 30, 2019		Fair Value December 31, 2018
Non-COLI assets held in Deferred Supplemental Compensation Plan	Other assets	Level 1	$	611	$	403
Interest rate swap agreements	Accrued expenses/Other current assets	Level 2	$	1,699	$	195
Earn-out obligation - short-term	Current portion of earn-out obligation	Level 3	$	10,700	$	—
Earn-out obligation - long-term	Earn-out obligation	Level 3	$	14,300	$	—

Non-COLI assets held in our deferred supplemental compensation plan consist of equity funds with fair value based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets in active markets and changes in fair value are recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses.

We account for our interest rate swap agreements under the provisions of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and have determined that our swap agreements qualify as highly effective cash flow hedges. The fair value of the swap agreements, which is a liability

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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2019

of approximately $1.7 million, has been reported in accrued expenses at June 30, 2019. The fair value of the swap agreements, which was an asset of approximately $195 thousand, was reported in other current assets at December 31, 2018. The offset, net of an income tax effect of approximately $424 thousand and $49 thousand, was included in accumulated other comprehensive income in the accompanying balance sheets as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The amounts paid and received on the swap agreements are recorded in interest expense in the period during which the related floating-rate interest is incurred. We determine the fair value of the swap agreements based on a valuation model using primarily observable market data inputs.

We utilized an income approach to determine the fair value of our 1st Choice Aerospace acquisition earn-out obligation. Significant unobservable inputs used to value the contingent consideration include projected revenue and cost of services and the discount rate. If a significant increase or decrease in the discount rate occurred in isolation, the result could be significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.

(10) Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate was 24.0% and 23.9% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and 25.0% and 25.1% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. Income tax expense during interim periods is based on our estimated annual effective income tax rate plus any discrete items that are recorded in the period in which they occur. Our tax rate is affected by discrete items that may occur in any given year, but may not be consistent from year to year. The lower effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2019 primarily results from the fair value increase of approximately $1.6 million to our COLI assets.

(11) Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which eliminates certain disclosures related to transfers and the valuations process, modifies disclosures for investments that are valued based on net asset value, clarifies the measurement uncertainty disclosure, and requires additional disclosures for Level 3 fair value measurements. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. We currently are assessing the impact that this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which clarifies the accounting for implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. We currently are assessing the impact that this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

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Item 2.    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Executive Overview

Customers and Services

We are a diversified services and supply chain management company that assists our customers in maintaining, extending the service life, and improving the performance of their transportation equipment and other assets and systems. We provide logistics and distribution services for systems and equipment and professional and technical services to the United States Government (the "government"), including the United States Department of Defense ("DoD"), the United States Postal Service ("USPS"), federal civilian agencies, and to commercial and other customers. Our largest customers are the DoD and the USPS. Our operations include supply chain management solutions, parts supply and distribution, and maintenance, repair and overhaul (“MRO”) services for vehicle fleet, aviation and other customers; vehicle and equipment maintenance and refurbishment; logistics; engineering; energy services; IT and health care IT solutions; and consulting services.

Acquisition

In January 2019, we acquired 1st Choice Aerospace Inc. ("1st Choice Aerospace"), a provider of component MRO services and products for new generation and legacy commercial aircraft families. 1st Choice Aerospace has operations in Florida and Kentucky and operates as part of our Aviation Group. We have retained certain key management members of the former ownership group.

CEO Succession

In March of 2019, we announced that Maurice “Mo” Gauthier would step down as a Company officer and director after 11 years of dedicated service, and that our Board of Directors elected John Cuomo to the position of CEO and President and to the Board of Directors effective April 15, 2019.

Organization and Segments

We have three reportable segments aligned with our operating groups: 1) Supply Chain Management; 2) Aviation; and 3) Federal Services.

Supply Chain Management Group - Our Supply Chain Management Group provides sourcing, acquisition, scheduling, transportation, shipping, logistics, data management and other services to assist our clients with supply chain management efforts. Operations of this group are conducted by our wholly owned subsidiary Wheeler Bros., Inc., which supports the USPS, commercial truck fleets, and DoD with fleet management and maintenance solutions, managed inventory services, and other vehicle parts solutions. The primary revenue source for this group is generated from the sale of vehicle parts and performance of mission critical supply chain services to support the USPS delivery fleet.

Aviation Group - Our Aviation Group provides parts supply and distribution, supply chain solutions, and MRO services for commercial aerospace and business and general aviation aircraft, engines and accessories. This group offers a range of complementary services and supplies to a diversified client base of commercial and regional airlines, corporate and private aircraft owners, aviation manufacturers, other aviation MRO providers, cargo transporters and agricultural clients.

Federal Services Group - Our Federal Services Group performs foreign military sales services, refurbishment services to extend and enhance the life of existing vehicles and equipment, fleet-wide ship and aircraft support, aircraft sustainment and maintenance, and other technical, management, engineering, logistics, maintenance, configuration management, prototyping, technology, and field support services. Customers include the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, U.S. Army and Army Reserve, U.S. Air Force, and various other DoD and federal government customers. Significant work efforts for this group include assistance to the U.S. Navy in executing its Foreign Military Sales (“FMS”) Program for surface ships sold, leased or granted to foreign countries, our Red River Army Depot Equipment Related Services Program (“RRAD ERS”) providing on-site logistics support for Red River Army Depot at Texarkana, Texas, our Fort Benning Logistics Support Services Program supporting base operations and logistics at Fort Benning, Georgia, our U.S. Army Reserve vehicle refurbishment program, various vehicle and equipment refurbishment and maintenance programs for U.S. Army commands, and various task orders under the U.S. Air Force Contract Field Teams (“CFT”) Program.

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Our Federal Services Group also provides energy and environmental consulting services and IT solutions and services for various DoD and federal civilian agencies, including the United States Department of Energy; the Social Security Administration; the National Institutes of Health; customers in the military health system; and other government agencies and commercial clients.

Concentration of Revenues
(dollars in thousands)
	For the six months ended June 30,
	2019			2018
Source of Revenue	Revenues		%	Revenues		%
USPS	$	84,795	24	$	87,120	25
FMS Program *	35,932		10	69,443		20
Other	238,303		66	190,728		55
Total revenues	$	359,030	100	$	347,291	100
* Our Aviation Group utilizes the Federal Services Group's FMS Program to sell its gas turbine MRO services to the DoD.

Management Outlook

Our 2019 operating results are trending upward, with increases in revenues and operating income. The increases have occurred for the second quarter and six months as compared to prior year periods and on a second quarter to first quarter basis for 2019. Our acquisition of 1st Choice Aerospace in January 2019 and implementation of new distribution programs in 2018 have enhanced our Aviation Group revenues and operating income. While our Federal Services Group and Supply Chain Management Group experienced revenue challenges on a prior year comparison basis, revenue for both groups has increased from the first quarter to second for 2019.

Aviation Group

Our focus on opening international distribution businesses in Singapore and Germany and our acquisition of 1st Choice Aerospace has thrust our Aviation Group into commercial airlines markets that are larger and have greater growth potential than our traditional business and general aviation markets. Products and services provided by these three newer businesses now comprise close to 30% of revenues for this group. We will continue to build our traditional business and general aviation market lanes while transitioning into our newer commercial aerospace markets.

Our Singapore operation began generating revenue in the second quarter of 2018 as we extended new product lines to new end-user clients in the Asia-Pacific market. Our facility in Germany is transitioning from a repair shop to a regional distribution business, and associated revenues have increased. We have extended key distribution agreements to new geographic markets. We believe our distribution initiatives will provide sustainable revenue sources with viable growth potential that will enhance our future results. The addition of 1st Choice Aerospace broadens our product lines and client base, and we see opportunities to strategically align 1st Choice Aerospace’s offerings with our existing domestic and international markets, including our Singapore and European initiatives. Since acquisition, 1st Choice Aerospace has performed as we expected.

While revenues, operating income and inventory may experience fluctuations due to market demand and the mix of products sold, we are optimistic about the outlook for our Aviation Group.

Supply Chain Management Group

Our Supply Chain Management Group continues to increase parts sales and supply chain and inventory management support services to commercial customers. Our commercial client base includes companies in a wide array of businesses that have vehicle fleets required to meet mission critical delivery or service schedules, and we are capturing new customers and increasing revenue using e-commerce solutions. Overall revenues for the second quarter showed improvement over first quarter of 2019, and have returned to second quarter 2018 levels.

We are closely monitoring the USPS next-generation delivery vehicle (“NGDV”) procurement effort, which is progressing slower than the USPS had previously expected. We are also positioning ourselves to support newly procured vehicles eventually placed in service and aging vehicles that remain in service. While it will likely be several years before the NGDV is placed in service in significant numbers, the USPS has begun some shorter-term annual vehicle acquisitions through the procurement of commercial off-

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the-shelf ("COTS") mass-market vehicles and the retirement of some of its aging COTS vehicles. This transition has contributed to a decline in sales to the USPS of about 3% for 2019. As the new COTS vehicles begin to age, we expect the demand for replacement parts will increase. As a matter of USPS practice, we are a provider of replacement parts for all 231,000 USPS vehicle fleet assets, including the COTS vehicles. While we cannot predict with certainty the impact of the USPS NGDV procurement and concurrent retirement of older fleet assets on our future revenues, we believe that our years of service, unique knowledge of this client’s complex operational model and maintenance facility processes and procedures, and our superior performance strategically position us to continue to serve as a key vehicle fleet sustainment partner regardless of source or vintage. We expect to continue supporting USPS during its comprehensive vehicle transition initiatives, embracing emerging technologies spanning the next decade or longer.

Federal Services Group

Our Federal Services Group revenues declined in the first six months of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018 due primarily to a decrease in our FMS revenues. A reduction in work performed on our RRAD ERS contract due to a client directed reduction in force in May 2018 adversely affected revenue on this program for the first quarter of 2019, but an increase in the workforce restored revenues to prior year levels for the second quarter of 2019. The revenue declines have occurred in our lower margin work, resulting in minimal loss of operating income. We have increased operating income through cost reductions and margin improvements on our other work.

Bookings and Funded Backlog

Revenues for federal government contract work performed by our Federal Services Group depend on contract funding (“bookings”), and bookings generally occur when contract funding documentation is received. Funded contract backlog is an indicator of potential future revenue. While bookings and funded contract backlog generally result in revenue, we may occasionally have funded contract backlog that does not generate revenue due to contract expiration, reduction in work levels or de-obligation upon contract completion.

A summary of our bookings and revenues for our Federal Services Group for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and funded contract backlog as of June 30, 2019 and 2018 was as follows (in millions):

	2019		2018
Bookings	$	123	$	189
Revenues	$	149	$	169
Funded Contract Backlog	$	269	$	339

We will occasionally perform contract work prior to formalizing contract funding ("risk funding"). Revenue related to work performed under risk funding is not recognized until it can be reliably estimated and its realization is probable. We recognize such revenue when the associated costs are incurred or the work is performed. We are at risk of loss for any risk funding not received. Included in our unbilled receivables are revenues recognized for which we have not received formalized funding of approximately $11.4 million and $4.7 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. We believe that we are entitled to reimbursement and expect to receive all of this funding.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

For a description of recently announced accounting standards, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects, if any, on our consolidated financial statements, see Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements in Note 11 of the Notes to our Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements in this report.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which require us to make estimates and assumptions. See our 2018 Form 10-K for a full discussion of our critical accounting policies.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is subject to a review for impairment at least annually. We perform an annual review of goodwill for impairment during the fourth quarter and whenever events or other changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be fully recoverable.

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We estimate the fair value of our reporting units using a weighting of fair values derived from the income approach and market approach. Under the income approach, we calculate the fair value of a reporting unit based on the present value of estimated future cash flows. Cash flow projections are based on our estimates of revenue growth rates and operating margins, taking into consideration industry and market conditions. The discount rate used is based on a weighted average cost of capital adjusted for the relevant risk associated with the characteristics of the business and the projected cash flows.

In the fourth quarter of 2018, we performed our annual goodwill impairment analysis for each of our reporting units with goodwill. The results of the impairment analysis indicated that our reporting units had fair values substantially in excess of their carrying values with the exception of our VSE Aviation and Akimeka reporting units.

The fair value of our VSE Aviation reporting unit, within our Aviation Group, exceeded its carrying value by approximately 6%. VSE Aviation achieved its 2018 earnings projections primarily due to growth in our Singapore distribution operation. While revenues and operating income in years prior to 2018 did not meet our cash flow projections, primarily due to a decreased demand for new parts and slower than anticipated development of new business opportunities, we believe that those conditions were temporary and that the overall outlook for our VSE Aviation business remains consistent with our long-term projections. Under the income approach, we used a 13.5% discount rate (a 100 basis point increase from the discount rate used in the prior year annual analysis), a compounded annual revenue growth rate of approximately 8% over a seven-year period, and a long-term revenue growth rate of three percent in the terminal year. Our compounded annual growth rate over the seven-year period is primarily based on projected organic growth, which is corroborated by market studies related to our aviation business, and significant initiatives, including international opportunities for parts distribution and gas turbine MRO services provided to our U.S. government customer. We believe the discount rate properly reflects the risks in our future cash flows assumptions including the risk that the new business opportunities take longer to develop or do not meet our expectations. Under the market approach, we estimated a fair value based on comparable companies' market multiples of revenues and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") and factored in a control premium and applied such multiples to both of VSE Aviation's historical and one-year projected revenues and EBITDA. Negative changes in the key assumptions used in the annual impairment analysis or an increase in the carrying value may result in a future impairment of this reporting unit's goodwill.

Based on the results of the annual impairment analysis performed, we have determined that VSE Aviation is at risk of a future goodwill impairment if there are future declines in our cash flow projections or if we are unsuccessful in implementing our revenue growth plans. Additionally, the fair value of VSE Aviation could be adversely affected by other market factors such as an increase in the discount rate used in the income approach or a decrease in the market multiples used in the market approach, or an increase in the carrying value of this reporting unit. As of June 30, 2019 our balance sheet included goodwill associated with VSE Aviation of approximately $104.5 million.

The fair value of our Akimeka reporting unit, within our Federal Services Group, exceeded its carrying value by approximately 30%. Akimeka has experienced a reduction in services performed in prior years due to a decline in services ordered by clients on contracts and a loss of work performed on expiring contracts for which the follow-on work was often awarded to small businesses as set-aside contracts. These factors have been considered in the projections used in our impairment analysis. Based on the results of our analysis, our assessment is that we remain at risk of a future goodwill impairment if there is further deterioration of projected cash flows or negative changes in market factors, such as an increase in the discount rate used in the income approach or a decrease in the market multiples used in the market approach, or an increases in carrying value of this reporting unit. The carrying value of Akimeka as of June 30, 2019 included goodwill of approximately $30.9 million.

As of June 30, 2019, we have no intangible assets with indefinite lives and we had an aggregate of approximately $259 million of goodwill associated with our acquisitions.

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Results of Operations

Our results of operations are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three months				Six months				Change
	ended June 30,				ended June 30,				Three		Six
	2019		2018		2019		2018		Months		Months
Revenues	$	189,111	$	170,394	$	359,030	$	347,291	$	18,717	$	11,739
Costs and operating expenses	172,695		156,539		330,801		321,843		16,156		8,958
Operating income	16,416		13,855		28,229		25,448		2,561		2,781
Interest expense, net	3,398		2,182		6,556		4,357		1,216		2,199
Income before income taxes	13,018		11,673		21,673		21,091		1,345		582
Provision for income taxes	3,120		2,922		5,172		5,288		198		(116		)
Net income	$	9,898	$	8,751	$	16,501	$	15,803	$	1,147	$	698

Our revenues increased approximately $18.7 million or 11.0% for the second quarter of 2019 and approximately $11.7 million or 3.4% for the first six months of 2019, compared to the same periods of 2018. The change in revenues resulted primarily from an increase in revenues from our Aviation Group of approximately $19.2 million for the second quarter and approximately $35.8 million for the six months, which include revenues from our acquisition of 1st Choice Aerospace. Our Federal Services Group revenues were substantially unchanged for the second quarter and decreased approximately $19.5 million for the six months. Our Supply Chain Management Group revenues decreased approximately $458 thousand for the second quarter and decreased approximately $4.6 million for the six months.

Costs and operating expenses consist primarily of cost of inventory and delivery of our products sold; direct costs including labor, material, and supplies used in the performance of our contract work; indirect costs associated with our direct contract costs; sales, general, and administrative expenses associated with our operating groups and corporate management; and certain costs and charges arising from nonrecurring events outside the ordinary course of business. These costs will generally increase or decrease in conjunction with our level of products sold or contract work performed. Costs and operating expenses also include expense for amortization of intangible assets acquired through our acquisitions. Expense for amortization of acquisition related intangible assets is included in the segment results in which the acquisition is included. Segment results also include expense for an allocation of corporate management costs.

Our costs and operating expenses increased approximately $16.2 million or 10.3% for the second quarter of 2019 and approximately $9.0 million or 2.8% for the six months, compared to the same periods of 2018. Costs and operating expenses for our Federal Services Group decreased for the quarter and the six months. Costs and operating expenses for our Supply Chain Management Group were substantially unchanged for the quarter and decreased for the six months. Costs and operating expenses for our Aviation Group increased for the quarter and the six months.

Our operating income increased approximately $2.6 million or 18.5% for the second quarter of 2019 and approximately $2.8 million or 10.9% for the first six months of 2019 as compared to the same periods of 2018. Operating income from our Aviation Group and our Federal Services Group increased for the second quarter and the first six months of 2019, and operating income from our Supply Chain Management Group decreased for the second quarter and the first six months of 2019. Operating income was reduced by approximately $500 thousand for the second quarter of 2019 and approximately $1.6 million for the first six months of 2019 due to costs associated with our CEO succession and our acquisition of 1st Choice Aerospace.

Changes in revenues, costs and operating expenses, and operating income are further discussed in the summaries of our segment results that follow.

Interest expense increased approximately $2.2 million for the first six months of 2019 compared to the same period of 2018, due primarily to an increase in our average level of bank borrowing resulting from the acquisition of 1st Choice Aerospace in January 2019.

Our effective tax rate was 24.0% for the second quarter and 23.9% for the first six months of 2019, and 25.0% and 25.1% for the second quarter and first six months of 2018, respectively. Income tax expense during interim periods is based on our estimated annual effective income tax rate plus any discrete items that are recorded in the period in which they occur. Our tax rate is affected by discrete items that may occur in any given year, but may not be consistent from year to year.

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Supply Chain Management Group Results

The results of operations for our Supply Chain Management Group are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three months						Six months						Change
	ended June 30,						ended June 30,						Three			Six
	2019			2018			2019			2018			Months			Months
Revenues	$	53,805		$	54,263		$	105,509		$	110,127		$	(458	)	$	(4,618	)
Costs and operating expenses	46,248			46,095			90,964			94,363			153			(3,399		)
Operating income	$	7,557		$	8,168		$	14,545		$	15,764		$	(611	)	$	(1,219	)
Profit percentage	14.0		%	15.1		%	13.8		%	14.3		%

Revenues for our Supply Chain Management Group were substantially unchanged for the second quarter of 2019 and decreased approximately $4.6 million or 4.2% for the first six months of 2019 compared to the same periods of 2018. Revenues from sales to the USPS decreased approximately $1.0 million for the quarter and approximately $2.3 million for the six months. Revenues from sales to DoD customers decreased approximately $1.1 million for the quarter and approximately $4.4 million for the six months. Revenues from sales to commercial customers increased approximately $1.5 million for the quarter and approximately $2.0 million for the six months. Costs and operating expenses were substantially unchanged for the second quarter of 2019 and decreased $3.4 million or 3.6% for the six months.

Costs and operating expenses include the amortization of intangible assets associated with the acquisition of our supply chain management businesses and allocated corporate costs. Expense for amortization of intangible assets was approximately $2.0 million for the second quarter and approximately $3.9 million for the first six months of both 2019 and 2018. Allocated corporate costs were approximately $1.4 million for the second quarter and approximately $3.2 million for the first six months of 2019, compared to approximately $1.5 million for the second quarter and approximately $3.3 million for the first six months of 2018.

Operating income decreased approximately $611 thousand or 7.5% for the second quarter of 2019 and approximately $1.2 million or 7.7% for the six months of 2019. The decreases in operating income were primarily attributable to decreased sales and an increase in certain administrative related expenses.

Aviation Group Results

The results of operations for our Aviation Group are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three months						Six months						Change
	ended June 30,						ended June 30,						Three		Six
	2019			2018			2019			2018			Months		Months
Revenues	$	54,997		$	35,804		$	104,367		$	68,554		$	19,193	$	35,813
Costs and operating expenses	49,793			32,958			96,115			63,447			16,835		32,668
Operating income	$	5,204		$	2,846		$	8,252		$	5,107		$	2,358	$	3,145
Profit percentage	9.5		%	7.9		%	7.9		%	7.4		%

Revenues for our Aviation Group increased approximately $19.2 million, or 53.6% for the first quarter and approximately $35.8 million or 52.2% for the first six months of 2019, compared to the same periods of 2018. The revenue increase was primarily driven by the addition of revenues from our 1st Choice Aerospace acquisition and from parts distribution sales in our international markets.Our 1st Choice Aerospace revenues were approximately $15.1 million for the second quarter and approximately $27.3 million for the six months of 2019. Costs and operating expenses increased approximately $16.8 million or 51.1% for the quarter and approximately $32.7 million or 51.5% for the six months, due primarily to the increased revenues.

Costs and operating expenses include the amortization of intangible assets associated with the acquisition of our aviation businesses and allocated corporate costs. Expense for amortization of intangible assets was approximately $2.6 million for the second quarter and approximately $5.3 million for the first six months of 2019, compared to approximately $1.7 million for the second quarter and approximately $3.3 million for the first six months of 2018. The increase was due to amortization associated with the acquisition of 1st Choice Aerospace. Allocated corporate costs were approximately $1.5 million for the second quarter and approximately $3.3 million for the first six months of 2019, compared to approximately $1.1 million for the second quarter and approximately $2.1 million for the first six months of 2018.

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Operating income increased approximately $2.4 million or 82.9% for the second quarter and approximately $3.1 million or 61.6% for the six months. The increases in operating income were attributable primarily to the increases in revenues from our 1st Choice Aerospace acquisition and from parts distribution sales in our international markets.

Federal Services Group Results

The results of operations for our Federal Services Group are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three months						Six months						Change
	ended June 30,						ended June 30,						Three			Six
	2019			2018			2019			2018			Months			Months
Revenues	$	80,309		$	80,327		$	149,154		$	168,610		$	(18	)	$	(19,456	)
Costs and operating expenses	75,250			76,721			140,710			162,526			(1,471		)	(21,816		)
Operating income	$	5,059		$	3,606		$	8,444		$	6,084		$	1,453		$	2,360
Profit percentage	6.3		%	4.5		%	5.7		%	3.6		%

Revenues for our Federal Services Group were substantially unchanged for the second quarter of 2019 and decreased approximately $19.5 million or 11.5% for the first six months of 2019 as compared to the same periods of 2018. Significant items affecting our six months revenue on a year to year comparative basis include decreased revenues of approximately $33.5 million on our FMS Program, decreased revenues of approximately $4.4 million on our RRAD ERS Program due to a client directed reduction in force, increased revenues of approximately $6.5 million on two of our U. S. Army equipment refurbishment programs, increased revenues of approximately $3.2 million on our CFT program work, increased revenues on a Department of Justice International Asset Recovery Support Services contract of approximately $8.3 million, and changes in the level of work on various other programs and contracts.

Costs and operating expenses decreased approximately $1.5 million for the second quarter or 1.9% and approximately $21.8 million or 13.4% for the six months. The decreases in costs and operating expenses are primarily attributable to the decreased level of work in 2019.

Operating income increased approximately $1.5 million or 40.3% for the second quarter and approximately $2.4 million or 38.8% for the six months. The revenue declines have occurred in our lower margin work, resulting in minimal loss of operating income, and we have increased operating income for this group through cost reductions and margin improvements on our other work.

Financial Condition

There has been no material adverse change in our financial condition in the first six months of 2019. Changes to asset and liability accounts were due primarily to our earnings, our level of business activity, the timing of inventory purchases, contract delivery schedules, subcontractor and vendor payments required to perform our contract work, the timing of associated billings to and collections from our customers, and to our acquisition of 1st Choice Aerospace.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash Flows

Cash and cash equivalents increased approximately $598 thousand during the first six months of 2019.

Cash provided by operating activities was approximately $4.1 million in the first six months of 2019 compared to cash used in operating activities of approximately $3.6 million for the same period in 2018. The change was primarily attributable to an increase of approximately $5.2 million due to changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities, an increase of approximately $1.8 million in non-cash operating activities, and an increase ofapproximately $698 thousand in cash provided by net income.

Our levels of inventory, accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and accounts payable may fluctuate depending on the timing of services ordered and products sold, government funding delays, the timing of billings received from subcontractors and materials vendors, and the timing of payments received for services. Such timing differences have the potential to cause significant increases

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and decreases in our inventory, accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and accounts payable balances in short time periods, and accordingly, can cause significant increases or decreases in our cash provided by operations.

Cash used in investing activities increased approximately $117.1 million in the first six months of 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018. In 2019, we used approximately $113 million for the acquisition of 1st Choice Aerospace and approximately $5 million for the purchase of an operating facility for one of our 1st Choice Aerospace locations. Other cash used in investing activities in 2019 and 2018 consisted primarily of purchases of property and equipment.

Cash provided by financing activities increased approximately $110.0 million in the first six months of 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018. Cash provided by financing activities consisted primarily of bank borrowing activities. Cash used in financing activities included payment of dividends and stock transaction taxes.

We paid cash dividends totaling approximately $1.8 million or $0.16 per share in the first six months of 2019. Our payment of cash dividends is subject to restrictions in our loan agreement, including a restriction on the annual aggregate amount of dividends we may pay. We have paid cash dividends each year since 1973 and have increased our dividend each year since 2004.

Liquidity

Our internal sources of liquidity are primarily from operating activities, specifically from changes in our level of revenues and associated inventory, accounts receivable, and accounts payable, and from profitability. Significant increases or decreases in revenues and inventory, accounts receivable, and accounts payable can impact our liquidity. Our inventory and accounts payable levels can be affected by the timing of large strategic inventory purchases. Our accounts receivable and accounts payable levels can be affected by changes in the level of contract work we perform, by the timing of large materials purchases and subcontractor efforts used in our contracts, and by delays in the award of contractual coverage and funding and payments. Government funding delays can cause delays in our ability to invoice for revenues earned, presenting a potential negative impact on our days sales outstanding.

We also purchase property and equipment; invest in expansion, improvement, and maintenance of our operational and administrative facilities; and invest in the acquisition of other companies.

Our external financing consists of a loan agreement with a bank group that provides for a term loan, revolving loans, and letters of credit. The loan agreement, which was amended in January 2018 and expires in January 2023, has a term loan facility and a revolving loan facility. The revolving loan facility provides for revolving loans and letters of credit. Our outstanding debt of approximately $279.1 million as of June 30, 2019 was net of unamortized deferred financing costs of approximately $1.9 million.

The term loan has quarterly installment payments. Our required term loan payments after June 30, 2019 are approximately $5.0 million in 2019, $11.9 million in 2020, $14.4 million in 2021, $15.0 million in 2022, and $29.5 million in 2023. The amount of term loan borrowings outstanding as of June 30, 2019 was $75.8 million.

The maximum amount of credit available to us under our loan agreement for revolving loans and letters of credit as of June 30, 2019 was $300 million. We may borrow and repay the revolving loan borrowings as our cash flows require or permit. We pay an unused commitment fee and fees on letters of credit that are issued. We had $205.1 million in revolving loan amounts and $18 thousand in letters of credit outstanding as of June 30, 2019. The timing of certain payments made and collections received associated with our inventory, subcontractor, and materials requirements and other operating expenses can cause fluctuations in our outstanding revolving loan amounts. Delays in government funding of our work performed can also cause additional borrowing requirements.

Under our loan agreement we may elect to increase the maximum availability of the term loan facility, the revolving loan facility, or a combination of both facilities, up to an aggregate additional amount of $100 million.

We pay interest on the term loan borrowings and revolving loan borrowings at LIBOR plus a base margin or at a base rate (typically the prime rate) plus a base margin. As of June 30, 2019, the LIBOR base margin was 2.50% and the base rate base margin was 1.25%. The base margins increase or decrease in steps as our Total Funded Debt/EBITDA Ratio increases or decreases, respectively.

Our loan agreement requires us to have interest rate hedges on a portion of the outstanding term loan for the first three years after the date of the amendment. We have executed compliant interest rate hedges. As of June 30, 2019, interest rates on portions of our outstanding debt ranged from 4.89% to 6.75% and the effective interest rate on our aggregate outstanding debt was 5.16%.

Our loan agreement contains collateral requirements to secure our loan obligations, restrictive covenants, a limit on annual dividends, and other affirmative and negative covenants, conditions and limitations. Restrictive covenants include a maximum Total Funded

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Debt/EBITDA Ratio and a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. We were in compliance with the financial covenants and other terms and conditions at June 30, 2019.

	Maximum Ratio	Actual Ratio
Total Funded Debt/EBITDA Ratio	3.50 to 1	3.19 to 1

	Minimum Ratio	Actual Ratio
Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio	1.20 to 1	3.20 to 1

We currently do not use public debt security financing.

Inflation and Pricing

Most of our contracts under which services are performed for the government provide for estimates of future labor costs to be escalated for any option periods, while the non-labor costs in our contracts are normally considered reimbursable at cost. Our property and equipment consists principally of land, buildings and improvements, shop and warehouse equipment, computer systems equipment, and furniture and fixtures. We do not expect the overall impact of inflation on replacement costs of our property and equipment to be material to our future results of operations or financial condition.

Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rates

Our bank loan agreement provides available borrowing to us at variable interest rates. Accordingly, future interest rate changes could potentially put us at risk for a material adverse impact on future earnings and cash flows. To mitigate the risks associated with future interest rate movements we have employed interest rate hedges to fix the rate on a portion of our outstanding borrowings for various periods.

In February 2018, we entered into a LIBOR based interest rate swap on our term loan for a term of three years with a notional amount of $10 million for the first year and $50 million for the second and third years. We pay an effective interest rate of 2.54% plus our base margin on the debt matched to this swap. In February 2019, we entered into a LIBOR based interest rate swap on our revolving loan for a term of three years with a notional amount of $75 million. This swap amount decreases in increments on an annual basis to $45 million for the second year and to $25 million for the third year. We pay an effective interest rate of 2.805% plus our base margin on the debt matched to it.

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VSE CORPORATIONS AND SUBSIDIARIES

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks

See "Disclosures About Market Risk" in Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, based on management's evaluation, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")), our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

In connection with our 1st Choice Aerospace acquisition, certain areas of internal control over financial reporting changed. These areas are primarily related to integrating our corporate functions such as entity level controls and certain financial reporting controls. Certain control structure items remain in operation at 1st Choice Aerospace, primarily related to information technology, inventory management, human resources, processing and billing of revenues, and collection of those revenues. The control structure at 1st Choice Aerospace has been modified to appropriately oversee and incorporate these activities into the overall control structure. We will continue to evaluate the need for additional internal controls over financial reporting.

There were no additional changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our second quarter of fiscal 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II.   Other Information

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

Currently, we are involved in legal proceedings, including as disclosed in Item 1. "Legal Proceedings" of Part II of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, as filed with the SEC on May 3, 2019. For a discussion of contingencies related to legal proceedings, see Note 6 of the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

We did not purchase any of our equity securities during the period covered by this report.

VSE's loan agreement prohibits VSE from paying cash dividends, except that if there is no event of default, no act, event or condition that would constitute an event of default with the giving of notice or the passage of time, or both, and no covenant breach would occur giving effect to the payment of the dividend, VSE may pay cash dividends that do not exceed $6 million in the aggregate in any fiscal year.

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Item 6.    Exhibits

(a) Exhibits
Exhibit 31.1	Section 302 CEO Certification
Exhibit 31.2	Section 302 CFO and PAO Certification
Exhibit 32.1	Section 906 CEO Certification
Exhibit 32.2	Section 906 CFO and PAO Certification
Exhibit 101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
Exhibit 101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
Exhibit 101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Document

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, VSE has omitted all other items contained in "Part II. Other Information" because such other items are not applicable or are not required if the answer is negative or because the information required to be reported therein has been previously reported.

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VSE CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

			VSE CORPORATION
Date:	July 31, 2019	By:	/s/ John A. Cuomo
			John A. Cuomo
			Chief Executive Officer and President
			(Principal Executive Officer)

Date:	July 31, 2019	By:	/s/ Thomas R. Loftus
			Thomas R. Loftus
			Executive Vice President and
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Accounting Officer)

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULE 13A-14 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, John A. Cuomo, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of VSE Corporation (the "Registrant");

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The Registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this  report is being prepared;

(b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the  end of the period covered by this  report based on such evaluation; and

(d) disclosed in this  report any change in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant's auditors and the audit committee of Registrant's Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation  of  internal  control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: July 31, 2019	/s/ John A. Cuomo
	John A. Cuomo
	Chief Executive Officer and President
	(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULE 13A-14 OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Thomas R. Loftus, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of VSE Corporation (the "Registrant");

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The Registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) for the Registrant and have:

(a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the  end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) disclosed in this  report any change in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant's auditors and the audit committee of Registrant's Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

(a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation  of  internal  control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: July 31, 2019	/s/ Thomas R. Loftus
	Thomas R. Loftus
	Executive Vice President and
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 1350, CHAPTER 63 OF TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned, as President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer of VSE Corporation (the "Company"), does hereby certify that to the best of the undersigned's knowledge:

1) the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 (the "Report"), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2) the information contained in the Company's Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: July 31, 2019	/s/ John A. Cuomo
	John A. Cuomo
	Chief Executive Officer and President
	(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

SECTION 1350, CHAPTER 63 OF TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned, as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of VSE Corporation (the "Company"), does hereby certify that to the best of the undersigned's knowledge:

1) the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 (the "Report"), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2) the information contained in the Company's Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: July 31, 2019	/s/ Thomas R. Loftus
	Thomas R. Loftus
	Executive Vice President and
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Accounting Officer)

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Document and Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jul. 22, 2019
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	VSE CORP
Entity Central Index Key	0000102752
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		10,970,123
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2019

XML

Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 760	$ 162
Receivables, net	74,012	60,004
Unbilled receivables, net	45,961	41,255
Inventories, net	197,213	166,392
Other current assets	15,232	13,407
Total current assets	333,178	281,220
Property and equipment, net	44,216	49,606
Intangible assets, net	147,921	94,892
Goodwill	259,212	198,622
Operating lease right-of-use assets	25,256
Other assets	16,992	14,488
Total assets	826,775	638,828
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	10,091	9,466
Accounts payable	74,310	57,408
Current portion of earn-out obligation	10,700	0
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	39,428	37,133
Dividends payable	987	871
Total current liabilities	135,516	104,878
Long-term debt, less current portion	268,985	151,133
Deferred compensation	17,201	17,027
Long-term lease obligations, less current portion	0	18,913
Long-term operating lease liabilities	25,716
Earn-out obligation	14,300	0
Deferred tax liabilities	18,720	18,482
Total liabilities	480,438	310,433
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, par value $0.05 per share, authorized 15,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 10,970,123 and 10,886,036, respectively	549	544
Additional paid-in capital	29,411	26,632
Retained earnings	317,652	301,073
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(1,275)	146
Total stockholders' equity	346,337	328,395
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 826,775	$ 638,828

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Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.05	$ 0.05
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	15,000,000	15,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	10,970,123	10,970,123
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	10,886,036	10,886,036

XML

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 189,111	$ 170,394	$ 359,030	$ 347,291
Costs and operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative expenses	988	730	2,370	1,549
Amortization of intangible assets	4,980	4,004	9,971	8,008
Total costs and operating expenses	172,695	156,539	330,801	321,843
Operating income	16,416	13,855	28,229	25,448
Interest expense, net	3,398	2,182	6,556	4,357
Income before income taxes	13,018	11,673	21,673	21,091
Provision for income taxes	3,120	2,922	5,172	5,288
Net income	$ 9,898	$ 8,751	$ 16,501	$ 15,803
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.90	$ 0.80	$ 1.51	$ 1.45
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	10,969,899	10,881,106	10,945,172	10,870,887
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.89	$ 0.80	$ 1.50	$ 1.45
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding (in shares)	11,072,745	10,918,927	11,023,685	10,907,777
Dividends declared per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.09	$ 0.08	$ 0.17	$ 0.15
Products
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 93,875	$ 90,119	$ 182,776	$ 178,792
Costs and operating expenses:
Costs and operating expenses	79,380	75,834	155,673	150,560
Services
Revenues:
Total revenues	95,236	80,275	176,254	168,499
Costs and operating expenses:
Costs and operating expenses	$ 87,347	$ 75,971	$ 162,787	$ 161,726

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Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 9,898	$ 8,751	$ 16,501	$ 15,803
Change in fair value of interest rate swap agreements, net of tax	(729)	123	(1,421)	334
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(729)	123	(1,421)	334
Comprehensive income	$ 9,169	$ 8,874	$ 15,080	$ 16,137

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Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 16,501	$ 15,803
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	13,637	12,723
Deferred taxes	(312)	(888)
Stock-based compensation	1,982	1,676
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of impact of acquisitions:
Receivables, net	(6,599)	1,131
Unbilled receivables, net	(4,706)	9,604
Inventories, net	(23,942)	(34,352)
Other current assets and noncurrent assets	(3,914)	4,227
Accounts payable and deferred compensation	14,149	(6,164)
Accrued expenses and other current and noncurrent liabilities	(2,744)	(6,568)
Long-term lease obligations	0	(816)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	4,052	(3,624)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(6,303)	(1,880)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment	4	46
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(112,660)	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(118,959)	(1,834)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings on loan agreement	300,726	359,554
Repayments on loan agreement	(182,516)	(349,534)
Payment of debt financing costs	0	(1,692)
Payments on capital lease obligations	0	(707)
Payments of taxes for equity transactions	(955)	(641)
Dividends paid	(1,750)	(1,522)
Net cash provided by financing activities	115,505	5,458
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	598	0
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	162	624
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 760	$ 624

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Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		10,839,000
Balance, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 293,095	$ 542	$ 24,470	$ 267,902	$ 181
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	15,803			15,803
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		42,000
Stock-based compensation	2,022	$ 2	2,020
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	334				334
Dividends declared	(1,633)			(1,633)
Balance, ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2018		10,881,000
Balance, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2018	311,316	$ 544	26,490	283,767	515
Balance, beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2018		10,881,000
Balance, beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2018	303,313	$ 544	26,490	275,887	392
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	8,751			8,751
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	123				123
Dividends declared	(871)			(871)
Balance, ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2018		10,881,000
Balance, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2018	$ 311,316	$ 544	26,490	283,767	515
Balance, beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	10,886,036	10,886,000
Balance, beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 328,395	$ 544	26,632	301,073	146
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	16,501			16,501
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		84,000
Stock-based compensation	2,784	$ 5	2,779
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(1,421)				(1,421)
Dividends declared	$ (1,866)			(1,866)
Balance, ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019	10,886,036	10,970,000
Balance, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2019	$ 346,337	$ 549	29,411	317,652	(1,275)
Balance, beginning balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019		10,950,000
Balance, beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2019	337,531	$ 547	28,788	308,742	(546)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	9,898			9,898
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		20,000
Stock-based compensation	625	$ 2	623
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(729)				(729)
Dividends declared	$ (988)			(988)
Balance, ending balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019	10,886,036	10,970,000
Balance, ending balance at Jun. 30, 2019	$ 346,337	$ 549	$ 29,411	$ 317,652	$ (1,275)

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Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Dividends declared per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.09	$ 0.08	$ 0.17	$ 0.15

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Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation

Our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to SEC Form 10-Q and Article 10 of SEC Regulation S-X. Accordingly, such financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In our opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019. For further information refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our 2018 Form 10-K.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates affecting the financial statements include accruals for contract disallowance reserves, award fee revenues, costs to complete on fixed price contracts, recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets, and earn-out obligations.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASC 842"), to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The new standard is required to be adopted using a modified retrospective method and is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. In July 2018, the FASB provided an alternative transition method of adoption through ASU No. 2018-11, Targeted Improvements, which provides entities with an optional transition method to apply the transition provisions of ASU 2016-02 at the beginning of the period of adoption.

On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842 using the alternative transition method provided by ASU 2018-11 recording right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for our existing leases as of January 1, 2019, as well as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of initially applying the new standard as of January 1, 2019. We have elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which does not require reassessment of prior conclusions related to lease identification, lease classification, and treatment for initial direct lease costs. We have not elected the practical expedients pertaining to the use of hindsight and land easements.

The adoption of new lease standard resulted in the recharacterization of our headquarters lease, which was accounted for using the financing method under previously existing build-to-suit accounting rules, to an operating lease under ASC 842.Upon adoption of the new lease standard on January 1, 2019, we recorded a right-of-use asset of $24.3 million, property and equipment of $2.8 million, and operating lease liability of $29.6 million, with immaterial changes to other balance sheet accounts. The recharacterization resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of approximately $1.9 million, net of taxes, as of January 1, 2019. The new standard did not have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations or cash flows.

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Acquisition

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Acquisition

Acquisition

On January 10, 2019, our wholly owned subsidiary VSE Aviation, Inc. ("VSE Aviation") acquired 100% of the equity of 1st Choice Aerospace Inc. ("1st Choice Aerospace"), a provider of maintenance, repair and overhaul ("MRO") services and products for new generation and legacy commercial aircraft. 1st Choice Aerospace has operations in Florida and Kentucky. We have retained key members of 1st Choice Aerospace's management team under three-year employment contracts with five-year non-compete covenants.

The initial purchase consideration paid at closing for 1st Choice Aerospace was approximately $113 million, which included $1.1 million as an estimated net working capital adjustment. We will also be required to make earn-out payments of up to $40 million if 1st Choice Aerospace meets certain financial targets during 2019 and 2020. Approximately $1.1 million of our closing payments was deposited into an escrow account to secure the sellers' indemnification obligations. Any amount remaining in such escrow account at the end of the indemnification period less any then pending indemnification claims will be distributed to the sellers. 1st Choice Aerospace's results of operations are included in our Aviation Group in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements beginning on the acquisition date of January 10, 2019. 1st Choice Aerospace had unaudited revenues of approximately $27.3 million and operating income of approximately $5.9 million before amortization of intangible assets of approximately $2.0 million and allocated corporate costs of approximately $780 thousand from the acquisition date through June 30, 2019.

We are in the process of finalizing our valuation of the 1st Choice Aerospace assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The fair values assigned to our 1st Choice Aerospace earn-out obligation and intangible assets acquired were based on preliminary estimates, assumptions, and other information compiled by management, including independent valuations that utilized established valuation techniques. Therefore, these provisional amounts are subject to change as we complete the valuations throughout the measurement period, which will extend throughout 2019.

Based on our preliminary valuation, the total estimated purchase price has been allocated to assets acquired (including identifiable intangible assets and goodwill) and liabilities assumed, as follows (in thousands):

Description	Fair Value
Cash	$	396
Accounts receivable	7,409
Inventories	6,879
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	382
Property and equipment	4,044
Intangibles - customer related	55,000
Intangibles - trade name	8,000
Goodwill	60,590
Operating lease right-of-use assets	2,643
Other assets	333
Other current liabilities	(5,244		)
Long-term operating lease liabilities	(2,376		)
	$	138,056
Cash consideration	$	113,056
Acquisition date estimated fair value of earn-out obligation	25,000
Total	$	138,056

The estimated value attributed to customer relationships is being amortized on a straight-line basis using weighted average useful lives of 17 years. The estimated value attributed to trade name is being amortized on a straight-line basis over nine years. The preliminary amount of goodwill recorded for our 1st Choice Aerospace acquisition was approximately $61 million, all of which is expected to be amortizable for income tax purposes. The goodwill recognized reflects the strategic advantage of expanding our sustainment services into the aviation supply chain market.

We incurred approximately $154 thousand and $408 thousand of acquisition-related expenses during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. The following VSE consolidated pro forma results are prepared as if the 1st Choice Aerospace acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2018. This information is for comparative purposes only and does not necessarily reflect the results that would have occurred or may occur in the future.

The unaudited consolidated pro forma results of operations are as follows (in thousands except per share amounts):

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenue	$	189,111	$	181,569	$	360,589	$	368,988
Net Income	$	10,025	$	8,870	$	17,064	$	16,171
Basic earnings per share	$	0.92	$	0.82	$	1.56	$	1.49
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.91	$	0.81	$	1.55	$	1.48

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Revenue

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue

Revenue

Disaggregated Revenue

Our revenues are derived from contract services performed for the United States Postal Service ("USPS"), United States Department of Defense ("DoD") agencies or federal civilian agencies and from the delivery of products to our clients. Our customers also include various other government agencies and commercial entities.

A summary of revenues for our operating groups by customer for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019
Customer	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
USPS	$	42,112	$	—	$	—	$	42,112
DoD	6,461		260		68,359		75,080
Commercial	5,090		54,086		—		59,176
Other government	142		651		11,950		12,743
	$	53,805	$	54,997	$	80,309	$	189,111

	Six months ended June 30, 2019
Customer	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
USPS	$	84,795	$	—	$	—	$	84,795
DoD	11,303		1,155		125,323		137,781
Commercial	9,070		102,561		1,104		112,735
Other government	341		651		22,727		23,719
	$	105,509	$	104,367	$	149,154	$	359,030

A summary of revenues for our operating groups by customer for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30, 2018
Customer	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
USPS	$	43,089	$	—	$	—	$	43,089
DoD	7,525		1,025		73,637		82,187
Commercial	3,413		34,037		31		37,481
Other government	236		742		6,659		7,637
	$	54,263	$	35,804	$	80,327	$	170,394

	Six months ended June 30, 2018
Customer	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
USPS	$	87,120	$	—	$	—	$	87,120
DoD	15,701		2,240		151,899		169,840
Commercial	6,799		65,572		233		72,604
Other government	507		742		16,478		17,727
	$	110,127	$	68,554	$	168,610	$	347,291

A summary of revenues for our operating groups by contract type for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019
Contract Type	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
Cost-type	$	—	$	169	$	33,496	$	33,665
Fixed-price	53,805		25,056		19,153		98,014
Time and materials	—		29,772		27,660		57,432
Total revenues	$	53,805	$	54,997	$	80,309	$	189,111

	Six months ended June 30, 2019
Contract Type	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
Cost-type	$	—	$	381	$	61,336	$	61,717
Fixed-price	105,509		48,992		39,020		193,521
Time and materials	—		54,994		48,798		103,792
Total revenues	$	105,509	$	104,367	$	149,154	$	359,030

A summary of revenues for our operating groups by contract type for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30, 2018
Contract Type	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
Cost-type	$	—	$	701	$	41,801	$	42,502
Fixed-price	54,263		19,869		17,204		91,336
Time and materials	—		15,234		21,322		36,556
Total revenues	$	54,263	$	35,804	$	80,327	$	170,394

	Six months ended June 30, 2018
Contract Type	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
Cost-type	$	—	$	1,098	$	92,922	$	94,020
Fixed-price	110,127		39,373		32,343		181,843
Time and materials	—		28,083		43,345		71,428
Total revenues	$	110,127	$	68,554	$	168,610	$	347,291

Contract Balances

Billed receivables, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and contract liabilities are the results of revenue recognition, customer billing, and timing of payment receipts. Billed receivables, net, represent unconditional rights to consideration under the terms of the contract and include amounts billed and currently due from our customers. Unbilled receivables represent our right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that we have transferred to the customer prior to us having the right to payment for such goods or services. Contract liabilities are recorded when customers remit contractual cash payments in advance of us satisfying related performance obligations under contractual arrangements, including those with performance obligations to be satisfied over a period of time.

We present our unbilled receivables and contract liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis. If a contract liability exists, it is netted against the unbilled receivables balance for that contract. Unbilled receivables increased from $41.3 million at December 31, 2018 to $46.0 million at June 30, 2019, primarily due to revenue recognized in excess of billings. Contract liabilities, which are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet, decreased from $5.0 million at December 31, 2018 to $4.9 million at June 30, 2019, primarily due to revenue recognized in excess of advance payments received. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, we recognized revenue that was previously included in the beginning balance of contract liabilities of $2.0 million and $7.7 million, respectively.

Performance Obligations

Our performance obligations are satisfied over time as work progresses or at a point in time. Revenues from products and services transferred to customers over time accounted for approximately 57% of our revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, primarily related to revenues in our Federal Services Group and for MRO services in our Aviation Group. Revenues from products and services transferred to customers at a point in time accounted for approximately 43% of our revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018. The majority of our revenue recognized at a point in time is for the sale of vehicle and aircraft parts in our Supply Chain Management and Aviation groups.

As of June 30, 2019, the aggregate amount of transaction prices allocated to unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations was $269 million. Performance obligations expected to be satisfied within one year and greater than one year are 97% and 3%, respectively. We have applied the practical expedient for certain parts sales and MRO services to exclude the amount of remaining performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected term of one year or less or (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue in proportion to the amount we have the right to invoice for services performed.

During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and June 30, 2018, revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods was not material.

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Debt

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,			December 31,
	2019			2018
Bank credit facility - term loan	$	75,800		$	80,800
Bank credit facility - revolver loans	205,144			81,934
Principal amount of long-term debt	280,944			162,734
Less debt issuance costs	(1,868		)	(2,135		)
Total long-term debt	279,076			160,599
Less current portion	(10,091		)	(9,466		)
Long-term debt, net of current portion	$	268,985		$	151,133

We have a loan agreement with a group of banks to provide working capital, letters of credit and acquisition financing. The loan agreement, which was amended in January 2018 and expires in January 2023, has a term loan facility and a revolving loan facility. The revolving loan facility provides for revolving loans and letters of credit. Financing costs associated with the loan agreement amendment of approximately $1.5 million were capitalized and are being amortized over the five-year life of the loan. The fair value of outstanding debt as of June 30, 2019 under our bank loan facilities approximates its carrying value using Level 2 inputs based on market data on companies with a corporate rating similar to ours that have recently priced credit facilities.

Our required term loan payments after June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

2019	$	5,000
2020	11,875
2021	14,375
2022	15,000
2023	29,550
Total	$	75,800

The maximum amount of credit available to us under the loan agreement for revolving loans and letters of credit as of June 30, 2019 was $300 million. Subject to the terms of the loan agreement, we may borrow and repay the revolving loan borrowings as our cash flows require or permit. We pay an unused commitment fee and fees on letters of credit that are issued. We had$18 thousand and $57 thousand in letters of credit outstanding as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

Under the loan agreement we may elect to increase the maximum availability of the term loan facility, the revolving loan facility, or both facilities, up to an aggregate additional amount of $100 million.

We pay interest on the term loan borrowings and revolving loan borrowings at LIBOR plus a base margin or at a base rate (typically the prime rate) plus a base margin. As of June 30, 2019, the LIBOR base margin was 2.50% and the base rate base margin was 1.25%. The base margins increase or decrease in increments as our Total Funded Debt/EBITDA Ratio increases or decreases, respectively.

The loan agreement requires us to have interest rate hedges on a portion of the outstanding term loan for the first three years after the January 2018 amendment date of the agreement. To mitigate the risks associated with future interest rate movements we have employed interest rate hedges to fix the rate on a portion of our outstanding borrowings for various periods. We executed interest rate swap agreements in February 2019 and February 2018. The notional amount of the interest rate swap agreements was $125 million and $50 million as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

After taking into account the impact of interest rate swap agreements, as of June 30, 2019, interest rates on portions of our outstanding debt ranged from 4.89% to 6.75%, and the effective interest rate on our aggregate outstanding debt was 5.16%.

Interest expense incurred on bank loan borrowings and interest rate hedges was approximately $3.4 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Interest expense incurred on bank loan borrowings and interest rate hedges was approximately $6.3 million and $3.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The loan agreement contains collateral requirements to secure our loan agreement obligations, restrictive covenants, a limit on annual dividends, and other affirmative and negative covenants, conditions, and limitations. Restrictive covenants include a maximum Total Funded Debt/EBITDA Ratio and a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. We were in compliance with required ratios and other terms and conditions at June 30, 2019.

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Earnings Per Share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share ("EPS") has been computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Shares issued during the period are weighted for the portion of the period that they were outstanding. Our calculation of diluted earnings per common share includes the dilutive effects for an assumed vesting of restricted stock awards.

	Three months ended June 30,		Six months ended June 30,
	2019	2018	2019	2018
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	10,969,899	10,881,106	10,945,172	10,870,887
Effect of dilutive shares	102,846	37,821	78,513	36,890
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	11,072,745	10,918,927	11,023,685	10,907,777

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Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

We determine at its inception whether an arrangement that provides us control over the use of an asset is a lease. We recognize at lease commencement a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and lease liability based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term. Substantially all of our leases are long-term operating leases for facilities with fixed payment terms between two and 15 years. Our operating lease ROU assets are recorded in operating lease right-of-use assets on our accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheet. The current portion of operating lease liabilities are presented within accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and the non-current portion of operating lease liabilities are presented under long-term operating lease liabilities on our accompanying unaudited consolidated balance sheet.

For leases with terms greater than 12 months, we record the related asset and lease liability at the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less with purchase options or extension options that are not reasonably certain to be exercised are not recorded on the balance sheet. We recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Our lease cost for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 included the following components (in thousands):

	Three months			Six months
Operating lease cost	$	1,625		$	3,250
Short-term lease cost	175			299
Less: sublease income	(251		)	(540		)
Total lease cost, net	$	1,549		$	3,009

Certain of our leases include options to extend the term of the lease or to terminate the lease. When it is reasonably certain that we will exercise the option, we include the impact of the option in the lease term for purposes of determining total future lease payments. Our lease agreements do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate nor is it available to us from our lessors. Instead, we estimate our incremental borrowing rate based on information available at lease commencement in order to discount lease payments to present value.

The table below summarizes future minimum lease payments under operating leases, recorded on the balance sheet, as of June 30, 2019 (in thousands):

	Operating Leases
Last six months of 2019	$	2,439
2020	5,384
2021	5,088
2022	5,112
2023	4,790
After 2023	14,149
Minimum lease payments	36,962
Less: imputed interest	(7,078		)
Present value of minimum lease payments	29,884
Less: current maturities of lease liabilities	(4,168		)
Long-term lease liabilities	$	25,716

We made cash payments of approximately $3.2 million for operating leases during the six months ended June 30, 2019, which are included in cash flows from operating activities in our unaudited consolidated statement of cash flows. The weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate for our operating leases were approximately 7.0 years and 6.0%, respectively at June 30, 2019.

As of June 30, 2019, we have additional future payments on a lease that has not yet commenced of approximately $300 thousand. This lease will commence in 2019 and has a lease term of approximately three years.

Contingencies

On or about April 19, 2018 Joseph Waggoner, on behalf of himself and all similarly situated individuals, filed a lawsuit against VSE and two of our subcontractors in the United State District Court, Eastern District of Texas, Texarkana Division, alleging overtime compensation entitlement at a rate of one and one-half times their regular rate of pay for all hours worked over 40 hours in a workweek. The plaintiffs are seeking to certify the case as a collective action for similarly situated individuals. The plaintiffs work under a contract between defendants and the United States Army at the Red River Army Depot in Texas. The plaintiffs assert that employees' 15-minute unpaid work breaks should have been included as "working hours" in calculating overtime. We believe it is probable that VSE will incur a loss related to this matter. We have accrued a loss provision for this matter, which represents our reasonable estimate related to a possible unfavorable settlement. While we do not believe that we will have any additional liability that is material, there can be no guaranty that the ultimate resolution will not result in an additional liability that is material.

Other Matters

In addition to the above-referenced legal proceeding, we may have certain claims in the normal course of business, including legal proceedings, against us and against other parties. In our opinion, the resolution of these other claims will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows. However, because the results of any legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, the amount of loss, if any, cannot be reasonably estimated.

Further, from time-to-time, government agencies investigate whether our operations are being conducted in accordance with applicable contractual and regulatory requirements. Government investigations of us, whether relating to government contracts or conducted for other reasons, could result in administrative, civil or criminal liabilities, including repayments, fines or penalties being imposed upon us, or could lead to suspension or debarment from future government contracting. Government investigations often take years to complete and many result in no adverse action against us. We believe, based upon current information, that the outcome of any such government disputes and investigations will not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

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Business Segments and Customer Information

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segments and Customer Information

Business Segments and Customer Information

Business Segments

Management of our business operations is conducted under three reportable operating segments:

Supply Chain Management Group – Our Supply Chain Management Group supplies vehicle parts primarily through a Managed Inventory Program ("MIP") and direct sales to the United States Postal Service ("USPS"), the United States Department of Defense ("DoD") and to commercial customers.

Aviation Group – Our Aviation Group provides maintenance, repair and overhaul ("MRO") services, parts supply and distribution, and supply chain solutions for commercial aerospace and business and general aviation jet aircraft engines and engine accessories.

Federal Services Group – Our Federal Services Group provides engineering, industrial, logistics, foreign military sales, legacy equipment sustainment services, IT and technical and consulting services primarily to DoD and other government agencies.

The operating segments reported below are the segments of the Company for which separate financial information is available and for which segment results are evaluated regularly by our Chief Executive Officer in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. We evaluate segment performance based on consolidated revenues and operating income. Net sales of our business segments exclude intersegment sales as these activities are eliminated in consolidation. Our segment information is as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenues:
Supply Chain Management Group	$	53,805		$	54,263		$	105,509		$	110,127
Aviation Group	54,997			35,804			104,367			68,554
Federal Services Group	80,309			80,327			149,154			168,610
Total revenues	$	189,111		$	170,394		$	359,030		$	347,291
Operating income:
Supply Chain Management Group	$	7,557		$	8,168		$	14,545		$	15,764
Aviation Group	5,204			2,846			8,252			5,107
Federal Services Group	5,059			3,606			8,444			6,084
Corporate/unallocated expenses	(1,404		)	(765		)	(3,012		)	(1,507		)
Operating income	$	16,416		$	13,855		$	28,229		$	25,448

Customer Information

Our revenues by customer is as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,								Six months ended June 30,
Customer	2019		%		2018		%		2019		%		2018		%
USPS	$	42,112	22.3	%	$	43,089	25.3	%	$	84,795	23.6	%	$	87,120	25.1	%
U.S. Navy	22,202		11.8	%	35,696		20.9	%	42,807		11.9	%	78,281		22.5	%
U.S. Army	47,333		25.0	%	41,548		24.4	%	84,052		23.4	%	84,335		24.3	%
U.S. Air Force	5,545		2.9	%	4,943		2.9	%	10,922		3.1	%	7,224		2.1	%
Total - DoD	75,080		39.7	%	82,187		48.2	%	137,781		38.4	%	169,840		48.9	%
Commercial aviation	54,086		28.6	%	34,037		20.0	%	102,561		28.6	%	65,572		18.9	%
Other commercial	5,090		2.7	%	3,444		2.0	%	10,174		2.8	%	7,032		2.0	%
Total - Commercial	59,176		31.3	%	37,481		22.0	%	112,735		31.4	%	72,604		20.9	%
Other government	12,743		6.7	%	7,637		4.5	%	23,719		6.6	%	17,727		5.1	%
Total	$	189,111	100	%	$	170,394	100	%	$	359,030	100	%	$	347,291	100	%

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Changes in goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

	Supply Chain Management		Federal Services		Aviation		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	63,190	$	30,883	$	104,549	$	198,622
Increase from acquisition	—		—		60,590		60,590
Balance as of June 30, 2019	$	63,190	$	30,883	$	165,139	$	259,212

Intangible assets consist of the value of contract and customer-related intangible assets, acquired technologies and trade names. Amortization expense was approximately $5.0 million and $10.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and $4.0 million and $8.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.

Intangible assets, net were comprised of the following (in thousands):

	Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Accumulated Impairment Loss			Net Intangible Assets
June 30, 2019
Contract and customer-related	$	228,094	$	(94,185	)	$	(1,025	)	$	132,884
Acquired technologies	12,400		(9,096		)	—			3,304
Trade names	24,670		(12,937		)	—			11,733
Total	$	265,164	$	(116,218	)	$	(1,025	)	$	147,921
December 31, 2018
Contract and customer-related	$	173,094	$	(86,076	)	$	(1,025	)	$	85,993
Acquired technologies	12,400		(8,533		)	—			3,867
Trade names	16,670		(11,638		)	—			5,032
Total	$	202,164	$	(106,247	)	$	(1,025	)	$	94,892

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Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The accounting standard for fair value measurements defines fair value, and establishes a market-based framework or hierarchy for measuring fair value. The standard is applicable whenever assets and liabilities are measured at fair value.

The fair value hierarchy established in the standard prioritizes the inputs used in valuation techniques into three levels as follows:

Level 1–Observable inputs–quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities;

Level 2–Observable inputs-other than the quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities–includes quoted prices for similar instruments, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in inactive markets and amounts derived from valuation models where all significant inputs are observable in active markets; and

Level 3–Unobservable inputs–includes amounts derived from valuation models where one or more significant inputs are unobservable and require us to develop relevant assumptions.

The following table summarizes the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and the level they fall within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

Amounts Recorded at Fair Value	Financial Statement Classification	Fair Value Hierarchy	Fair Value June 30, 2019		Fair Value December 31, 2018
Non-COLI assets held in Deferred Supplemental Compensation Plan	Other assets	Level 1	$	611	$	403
Interest rate swap agreements	Accrued expenses/Other current assets	Level 2	$	1,699	$	195
Earn-out obligation - short-term	Current portion of earn-out obligation	Level 3	$	10,700	$	—
Earn-out obligation - long-term	Earn-out obligation	Level 3	$	14,300	$	—

Non-COLI assets held in our deferred supplemental compensation plan consist of equity funds with fair value based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets in active markets and changes in fair value are recorded as selling, general and administrative expenses.

We account for our interest rate swap agreements under the provisions of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and have determined that our swap agreements qualify as highly effective cash flow hedges. The fair value of the swap agreements, which is a liability of approximately $1.7 million, has been reported in accrued expenses at June 30, 2019. The fair value of the swap agreements, which was an asset of approximately $195 thousand, was reported in other current assets at December 31, 2018. The offset, net of an income tax effect of approximately $424 thousand and $49 thousand, was included in accumulated other comprehensive income in the accompanying balance sheets as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The amounts paid and received on the swap agreements are recorded in interest expense in the period during which the related floating-rate interest is incurred. We determine the fair value of the swap agreements based on a valuation model using primarily observable market data inputs.

We utilized an income approach to determine the fair value of our 1st Choice Aerospace acquisition earn-out obligation. Significant unobservable inputs used to value the contingent consideration include projected revenue and cost of services and the discount rate. If a significant increase or decrease in the discount rate occurred in isolation, the result could be significantly higher or lower fair value measurement.

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Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate was 24.0% and 23.9% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, and 25.0% and 25.1% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. Income tax expense during interim periods is based on our estimated annual effective income tax rate plus any discrete items that are recorded in the period in which they occur. Our tax rate is affected by discrete items that may occur in any given year, but may not be consistent from year to year. The lower effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2019 primarily results from the fair value increase of approximately $1.6 million to our COLI assets.

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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Accounting Changes and Error Corrections [Abstract]

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which eliminates certain disclosures related to transfers and the valuations process, modifies disclosures for investments that are valued based on net asset value, clarifies the measurement uncertainty disclosure, and requires additional disclosures for Level 3 fair value measurements. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. We currently are assessing the impact that this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which clarifies the accounting for implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. We currently are assessing the impact that this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

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Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Accounting

Our accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to SEC Form 10-Q and Article 10 of SEC Regulation S-X. Accordingly, such financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In our opinion, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019. For further information refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in our 2018 Form 10-K.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates affecting the financial statements include accruals for contract disallowance reserves, award fee revenues, costs to complete on fixed price contracts, recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets, and earn-out obligations.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements, Significant Accounting Policies Update, and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASC 842"), to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The new standard is required to be adopted using a modified retrospective method and is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. In July 2018, the FASB provided an alternative transition method of adoption through ASU No. 2018-11, Targeted Improvements, which provides entities with an optional transition method to apply the transition provisions of ASU 2016-02 at the beginning of the period of adoption.

On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASC 842 using the alternative transition method provided by ASU 2018-11 recording right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for our existing leases as of January 1, 2019, as well as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of initially applying the new standard as of January 1, 2019. We have elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which does not require reassessment of prior conclusions related to lease identification, lease classification, and treatment for initial direct lease costs. We have not elected the practical expedients pertaining to the use of hindsight and land easements.

The adoption of new lease standard resulted in the recharacterization of our headquarters lease, which was accounted for using the financing method under previously existing build-to-suit accounting rules, to an operating lease under ASC 842.Upon adoption of the new lease standard on January 1, 2019, we recorded a right-of-use asset of $24.3 million, property and equipment of $2.8 million, and operating lease liability of $29.6 million, with immaterial changes to other balance sheet accounts. The recharacterization resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings of approximately $1.9 million, net of taxes, as of January 1, 2019. The new standard did not have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations or cash flows.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Disclosure Framework-Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which eliminates certain disclosures related to transfers and the valuations process, modifies disclosures for investments that are valued based on net asset value, clarifies the measurement uncertainty disclosure, and requires additional disclosures for Level 3 fair value measurements. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. We currently are assessing the impact that this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which clarifies the accounting for implementation costs in cloud computing arrangements. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted. We currently are assessing the impact that this standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share ("EPS") has been computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Shares issued during the period are weighted for the portion of the period that they were outstanding. Our calculation of diluted earnings per common share includes the dilutive effects for an assumed vesting of restricted stock awards.

Business Segments

Business Segments

Management of our business operations is conducted under three reportable operating segments:

Supply Chain Management Group – Our Supply Chain Management Group supplies vehicle parts primarily through a Managed Inventory Program ("MIP") and direct sales to the United States Postal Service ("USPS"), the United States Department of Defense ("DoD") and to commercial customers.

Aviation Group – Our Aviation Group provides maintenance, repair and overhaul ("MRO") services, parts supply and distribution, and supply chain solutions for commercial aerospace and business and general aviation jet aircraft engines and engine accessories.

Federal Services Group – Our Federal Services Group provides engineering, industrial, logistics, foreign military sales, legacy equipment sustainment services, IT and technical and consulting services primarily to DoD and other government agencies.

The operating segments reported below are the segments of the Company for which separate financial information is available and for which segment results are evaluated regularly by our Chief Executive Officer in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. We evaluate segment performance based on consolidated revenues and operating income. Net sales of our business segments exclude intersegment sales as these activities are eliminated in consolidation.

Fair Value Measurements

The accounting standard for fair value measurements defines fair value, and establishes a market-based framework or hierarchy for measuring fair value. The standard is applicable whenever assets and liabilities are measured at fair value.

The fair value hierarchy established in the standard prioritizes the inputs used in valuation techniques into three levels as follows:

Level 1–Observable inputs–quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities;

Level 2–Observable inputs-other than the quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities–includes quoted prices for similar instruments, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in inactive markets and amounts derived from valuation models where all significant inputs are observable in active markets; and

Level 3–Unobservable inputs–includes amounts derived from valuation models where one or more significant inputs are unobservable and require us to develop relevant assumptions.

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Acquisition (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Business Combinations [Abstract]

Schedule of Business Acquisition

Based on our preliminary valuation, the total estimated purchase price has been allocated to assets acquired (including identifiable intangible assets and goodwill) and liabilities assumed, as follows (in thousands):

Description	Fair Value
Cash	$	396
Accounts receivable	7,409
Inventories	6,879
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	382
Property and equipment	4,044
Intangibles - customer related	55,000
Intangibles - trade name	8,000
Goodwill	60,590
Operating lease right-of-use assets	2,643
Other assets	333
Other current liabilities	(5,244		)
Long-term operating lease liabilities	(2,376		)
	$	138,056
Cash consideration	$	113,056
Acquisition date estimated fair value of earn-out obligation	25,000
Total	$	138,056

Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information

The unaudited consolidated pro forma results of operations are as follows (in thousands except per share amounts):

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2019		2018		2019		2018
Revenue	$	189,111	$	181,569	$	360,589	$	368,988
Net Income	$	10,025	$	8,870	$	17,064	$	16,171
Basic earnings per share	$	0.92	$	0.82	$	1.56	$	1.49
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.91	$	0.81	$	1.55	$	1.48

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Revenue (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of Revenue

A summary of revenues for our operating groups by customer for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019
Customer	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
USPS	$	42,112	$	—	$	—	$	42,112
DoD	6,461		260		68,359		75,080
Commercial	5,090		54,086		—		59,176
Other government	142		651		11,950		12,743
	$	53,805	$	54,997	$	80,309	$	189,111

	Six months ended June 30, 2019
Customer	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
USPS	$	84,795	$	—	$	—	$	84,795
DoD	11,303		1,155		125,323		137,781
Commercial	9,070		102,561		1,104		112,735
Other government	341		651		22,727		23,719
	$	105,509	$	104,367	$	149,154	$	359,030

A summary of revenues for our operating groups by customer for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30, 2018
Customer	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
USPS	$	43,089	$	—	$	—	$	43,089
DoD	7,525		1,025		73,637		82,187
Commercial	3,413		34,037		31		37,481
Other government	236		742		6,659		7,637
	$	54,263	$	35,804	$	80,327	$	170,394

	Six months ended June 30, 2018
Customer	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
USPS	$	87,120	$	—	$	—	$	87,120
DoD	15,701		2,240		151,899		169,840
Commercial	6,799		65,572		233		72,604
Other government	507		742		16,478		17,727
	$	110,127	$	68,554	$	168,610	$	347,291

A summary of revenues for our operating groups by contract type for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30, 2019
Contract Type	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
Cost-type	$	—	$	169	$	33,496	$	33,665
Fixed-price	53,805		25,056		19,153		98,014
Time and materials	—		29,772		27,660		57,432
Total revenues	$	53,805	$	54,997	$	80,309	$	189,111

	Six months ended June 30, 2019
Contract Type	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
Cost-type	$	—	$	381	$	61,336	$	61,717
Fixed-price	105,509		48,992		39,020		193,521
Time and materials	—		54,994		48,798		103,792
Total revenues	$	105,509	$	104,367	$	149,154	$	359,030

A summary of revenues for our operating groups by contract type for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 are as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30, 2018
Contract Type	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
Cost-type	$	—	$	701	$	41,801	$	42,502
Fixed-price	54,263		19,869		17,204		91,336
Time and materials	—		15,234		21,322		36,556
Total revenues	$	54,263	$	35,804	$	80,327	$	170,394

	Six months ended June 30, 2018
Contract Type	Supply Chain Management		Aviation		Federal Services		Total
Cost-type	$	—	$	1,098	$	92,922	$	94,020
Fixed-price	110,127		39,373		32,343		181,843
Time and materials	—		28,083		43,345		71,428
Total revenues	$	110,127	$	68,554	$	168,610	$	347,291

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Debt (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Long-term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):

	June 30,			December 31,
	2019			2018
Bank credit facility - term loan	$	75,800		$	80,800
Bank credit facility - revolver loans	205,144			81,934
Principal amount of long-term debt	280,944			162,734
Less debt issuance costs	(1,868		)	(2,135		)
Total long-term debt	279,076			160,599
Less current portion	(10,091		)	(9,466		)
Long-term debt, net of current portion	$	268,985		$	151,133

Schedule of Term Loan Payments

Our required term loan payments after June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

2019	$	5,000
2020	11,875
2021	14,375
2022	15,000
2023	29,550
Total	$	75,800

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

	Three months ended June 30,		Six months ended June 30,
	2019	2018	2019	2018
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	10,969,899	10,881,106	10,945,172	10,870,887
Effect of dilutive shares	102,846	37,821	78,513	36,890
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	11,072,745	10,918,927	11,023,685	10,907,777

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Lease Expense

Our lease cost for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 included the following components (in thousands):

	Three months			Six months
Operating lease cost	$	1,625		$	3,250
Short-term lease cost	175			299
Less: sublease income	(251		)	(540		)
Total lease cost, net	$	1,549		$	3,009

Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

The table below summarizes future minimum lease payments under operating leases, recorded on the balance sheet, as of June 30, 2019 (in thousands):

	Operating Leases
Last six months of 2019	$	2,439
2020	5,384
2021	5,088
2022	5,112
2023	4,790
After 2023	14,149
Minimum lease payments	36,962
Less: imputed interest	(7,078		)
Present value of minimum lease payments	29,884
Less: current maturities of lease liabilities	(4,168		)
Long-term lease liabilities	$	25,716

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Business Segments and Customer Information (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

Our segment information is as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,						Six months ended June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenues:
Supply Chain Management Group	$	53,805		$	54,263		$	105,509		$	110,127
Aviation Group	54,997			35,804			104,367			68,554
Federal Services Group	80,309			80,327			149,154			168,610
Total revenues	$	189,111		$	170,394		$	359,030		$	347,291
Operating income:
Supply Chain Management Group	$	7,557		$	8,168		$	14,545		$	15,764
Aviation Group	5,204			2,846			8,252			5,107
Federal Services Group	5,059			3,606			8,444			6,084
Corporate/unallocated expenses	(1,404		)	(765		)	(3,012		)	(1,507		)
Operating income	$	16,416		$	13,855		$	28,229		$	25,448

Revenue by Customer

Our revenues by customer is as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three months ended June 30,								Six months ended June 30,
Customer	2019		%		2018		%		2019		%		2018		%
USPS	$	42,112	22.3	%	$	43,089	25.3	%	$	84,795	23.6	%	$	87,120	25.1	%
U.S. Navy	22,202		11.8	%	35,696		20.9	%	42,807		11.9	%	78,281		22.5	%
U.S. Army	47,333		25.0	%	41,548		24.4	%	84,052		23.4	%	84,335		24.3	%
U.S. Air Force	5,545		2.9	%	4,943		2.9	%	10,922		3.1	%	7,224		2.1	%
Total - DoD	75,080		39.7	%	82,187		48.2	%	137,781		38.4	%	169,840		48.9	%
Commercial aviation	54,086		28.6	%	34,037		20.0	%	102,561		28.6	%	65,572		18.9	%
Other commercial	5,090		2.7	%	3,444		2.0	%	10,174		2.8	%	7,032		2.0	%
Total - Commercial	59,176		31.3	%	37,481		22.0	%	112,735		31.4	%	72,604		20.9	%
Other government	12,743		6.7	%	7,637		4.5	%	23,719		6.6	%	17,727		5.1	%
Total	$	189,111	100	%	$	170,394	100	%	$	359,030	100	%	$	347,291	100	%

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill by Operating Segment

Changes in goodwill for the six months ended June 30, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

	Supply Chain Management		Federal Services		Aviation		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	63,190	$	30,883	$	104,549	$	198,622
Increase from acquisition	—		—		60,590		60,590
Balance as of June 30, 2019	$	63,190	$	30,883	$	165,139	$	259,212

Schedule of Intangible Assets

Intangible assets, net were comprised of the following (in thousands):

	Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Accumulated Impairment Loss			Net Intangible Assets
June 30, 2019
Contract and customer-related	$	228,094	$	(94,185	)	$	(1,025	)	$	132,884
Acquired technologies	12,400		(9,096		)	—			3,304
Trade names	24,670		(12,937		)	—			11,733
Total	$	265,164	$	(116,218	)	$	(1,025	)	$	147,921
December 31, 2018
Contract and customer-related	$	173,094	$	(86,076	)	$	(1,025	)	$	85,993
Acquired technologies	12,400		(8,533		)	—			3,867
Trade names	16,670		(11,638		)	—			5,032
Total	$	202,164	$	(106,247	)	$	(1,025	)	$	94,892

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

The following table summarizes the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 and the level they fall within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):

Amounts Recorded at Fair Value	Financial Statement Classification	Fair Value Hierarchy	Fair Value June 30, 2019		Fair Value December 31, 2018
Non-COLI assets held in Deferred Supplemental Compensation Plan	Other assets	Level 1	$	611	$	403
Interest rate swap agreements	Accrued expenses/Other current assets	Level 2	$	1,699	$	195
Earn-out obligation - short-term	Current portion of earn-out obligation	Level 3	$	10,700	$	—
Earn-out obligation - long-term	Earn-out obligation	Level 3	$	14,300	$	—

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Nature of Business and Basis of Presentation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 01, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Right-of-use assets		$ 25,256
Lease liabilities		$ 29,884
ASU 2016-02
Revenue, Initial Application Period Cumulative Effect Transition [Line Items]
Right-of-use assets	$ 24,300
Property and equipment	2,800
Lease liabilities	29,600
Cumulative effect on retained earnings	$ 1,900

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Acquisition - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jan. 10, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill		$ 259,212	$ 259,212	$ 198,622
Employment Contracts
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Term of contract	3 years
Noncompete Agreements
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Term of contract	5 years
1st Choice Aerospace
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Business acquisition, percentage acquired	100.00%
Cash consideration	$ 113,056
Working capital adjustment	1,100
Earn-out payments	40,000
Escrow	1,100
Revenue			27,300
Net Income			5,900
Amortization of intangible assets			2,000
Corporate costs			780
Goodwill	$ 60,590
Acquisition related costs		$ 154	$ 408
1st Choice Aerospace | Customer relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted average useful life	17 years
1st Choice Aerospace | Trade Name
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Weighted average useful life	9 years

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Acquisition - Schedule of Business Acquisition (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jan. 10, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill		$ 259,212	$ 198,622
1st Choice Aerospace
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash	$ 396
Accounts receivable	7,409
Inventories	6,879
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	382
Property and equipment	4,044
Goodwill	60,590
Operating lease right-of-use assets		2,643
Other assets	333
Other current liabilities	(5,244)
Long-term operating lease liabilities		$ (2,376)
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed, net	138,056
Cash consideration	113,056
Acquisition date estimated fair value of earn-out obligation	25,000
Total	138,056
Customer Related | 1st Choice Aerospace
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	55,000
Trade Name | 1st Choice Aerospace
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets	$ 8,000

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Acquisition - Business Acquisition, Pro Forma Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Business Combinations [Abstract]
Revenue	$ 189,111	$ 181,569	$ 360,589	$ 368,988
Net Income	$ 10,025	$ 8,870	$ 17,064	$ 16,171
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.92	$ 0.82	$ 1.56	$ 1.49
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.91	$ 0.81	$ 1.55	$ 1.48

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Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 189,111	$ 170,394	$ 359,030	$ 347,291
Cost-type
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	33,665	42,502	61,717	94,020
Fixed-price
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	98,014	91,336	193,521	181,843
Time and materials
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	57,432	36,556	103,792	71,428
USPS
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	42,112	43,089	84,795	87,120
DoD
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	75,080	82,187	137,781	169,840
Commercial
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	59,176	37,481	112,735	72,604
Other government
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	12,743	7,637	23,719	17,727
Supply Chain Management
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	53,805	54,263	105,509	110,127
Supply Chain Management | Cost-type
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0	0
Supply Chain Management | Fixed-price
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	53,805	54,263	105,509	110,127
Supply Chain Management | Time and materials
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0	0
Supply Chain Management | USPS
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	42,112	43,089	84,795	87,120
Supply Chain Management | DoD
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	6,461	7,525	11,303	15,701
Supply Chain Management | Commercial
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	5,090	3,413	9,070	6,799
Supply Chain Management | Other government
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	142	236	341	507
Aviation
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	54,997	35,804	104,367	68,554
Aviation | Cost-type
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	169	701	381	1,098
Aviation | Fixed-price
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	25,056	19,869	48,992	39,373
Aviation | Time and materials
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	29,772	15,234	54,994	28,083
Aviation | USPS
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0	0
Aviation | DoD
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	260	1,025	1,155	2,240
Aviation | Commercial
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	54,086	34,037	102,561	65,572
Aviation | Other government
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	651	742	651	742
Federal Services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	80,309	80,327	149,154	168,610
Federal Services | Cost-type
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	33,496	41,801	61,336	92,922
Federal Services | Fixed-price
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	19,153	17,204	39,020	32,343
Federal Services | Time and materials
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	27,660	21,322	48,798	43,345
Federal Services | USPS
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	0	0	0
Federal Services | DoD
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	68,359	73,637	125,323	151,899
Federal Services | Commercial
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	0	31	1,104	233
Federal Services | Other government
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 11,950	$ 6,659	$ 22,727	$ 16,478

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Revenue - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Unbilled receivables, net	$ 45,961		$ 45,961		$ 41,255
Contract with customer, liability	4,900		4,900		$ 5,000
Contract with customer, liability, revenue recognized			2,000	$ 7,700
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	$ 269,000		$ 269,000
Sales Revenue, Net | Product Concentration Risk | Transferred over Time
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	57.00%	57.00%	57.00%	57.00%
Sales Revenue, Net | Product Concentration Risk | Transferred at Point in Time
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	43.00%	43.00%	43.00%	43.00%

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Revenue - Performance Obligations (Details)	Jun. 30, 2019
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2019-03-30
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, percentage	97.00%
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-03-30
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, percentage	3.00%
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period

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Debt (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt		$ 280,944,000		$ 280,944,000		$ 162,734,000
Less debt issuance costs		(1,868,000)		(1,868,000)		(2,135,000)
Total long-term debt		279,076,000		279,076,000		160,599,000
Less current portion		(10,091,000)		(10,091,000)		(9,466,000)
Long-term debt, less current portion		268,985,000		268,985,000		151,133,000
Long-term Debt, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
Total long-term debt		279,076,000		$ 279,076,000		160,599,000
LIBOR
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Base margin				2.50%
Base Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Base margin				1.25%
Amended and Restated
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Less debt issuance costs		$ (1,500,000)		$ (1,500,000)
Amortization period of debt issuance costs	5 years
Increase in maximum availability				$ 100,000,000
Duration of interest rate cash flow hedge				3 years
Effective interest rate		5.16%		5.16%
Interest expense, net		$ 3,400,000	$ 1,700,000	$ 6,300,000	$ 3,200,000
Amended and Restated | Swap
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Derivative notional amount		125,000,000		125,000,000		50,000,000
Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt		75,800,000		75,800,000		80,800,000
Total long-term debt		75,800,000		75,800,000
Long-term Debt, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]
2019		5,000,000		5,000,000
2020		11,875,000		11,875,000
2021		14,375,000		14,375,000
2022		15,000,000		15,000,000
2023		29,550,000		29,550,000
Total long-term debt		75,800,000		75,800,000
Revolving Loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Long-term debt		205,144,000		205,144,000		81,934,000
Revolving loans maximum borrowing capacity		300,000,000		300,000,000
Letters of credit outstanding		$ 18,000		$ 18,000		$ 57,000
Minimum | Amended and Restated
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate range		4.89%		4.89%
Maximum | Amended and Restated
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate range		6.75%		6.75%

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Earnings Per Share (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	10,969,899	10,881,106	10,945,172	10,870,887
Effect of dilutive shares (in shares)	102,846	37,821	78,513	36,890
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)	11,072,745	10,918,927	11,023,685	10,907,777

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Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 19, 2018 subcontractor	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Cash payments		$ 3,200
Weighted average remaining lease term		6 years 12 months 18 days
Weighted average discount rate, percent		6.00%
Lease not yet commenced		$ 300
Lease not yet commenced, lease term		3 years
Joseph Waggoner v VSE re Overtime Compensation
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of subcontractors | subcontractor	2
Minimum
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Lease term		2 years
Maximum
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Lease term		15 years

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Commitments and Contingencies - Components of Lease Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 1,625	$ 3,250
Short-term lease cost	175	299
Less: sublease income	(251)	(540)
Total lease cost, net	$ 1,549	$ 3,009

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Commitments and Contingencies - Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities (Details) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Last six months of 2019	$ 2,439
2020	5,384
2021	5,088
2022	5,112
2023	4,790
After 2023	14,149
Minimum lease payments	36,962
Less: imputed interest	(7,078)
Present value of minimum lease payments	29,884
Less: current maturities of lease liabilities	(4,168)
Long-term operating lease liabilities	$ 25,716

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Business Segments and Customer Information - Segment Information (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($) segment	Jun. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Segment Reporting [Abstract]
Number of reportable operating segments | segment			3
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 189,111	$ 170,394	$ 359,030	$ 347,291
Operating income	16,416	13,855	28,229	25,448
Supply Chain Management Group
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	53,805	54,263	105,509	110,127
Aviation Group
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	54,997	35,804	104,367	68,554
Federal Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	80,309	80,327	149,154	168,610
Operating Segments | Supply Chain Management Group
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	53,805	54,263	105,509	110,127
Operating income	7,557	8,168	14,545	15,764
Operating Segments | Aviation Group
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	54,997	35,804	104,367	68,554
Operating income	5,204	2,846	8,252	5,107
Operating Segments | Federal Services
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	80,309	80,327	149,154	168,610
Operating income	5,059	3,606	8,444	6,084
Corporate, Non-Segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating income	$ (1,404)	$ (765)	$ (3,012)	$ (1,507)

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Business Segments and Customer Information - Major Customers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 189,111	$ 170,394	$ 359,030	$ 347,291
USPS
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Revenues	42,112	43,089	84,795	87,120
U.S. Navy
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Revenues	22,202	35,696	42,807	78,281
U.S. Army
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Revenues	47,333	41,548	84,052	84,335
U.S. Air Force
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Revenues	5,545	4,943	10,922	7,224
Total - DoD
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Revenues	75,080	82,187	137,781	169,840
Commercial aviation
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Revenues	54,086	34,037	102,561	65,572
Other commercial
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Revenues	5,090	3,444	10,174	7,032
Total - Commercial
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Revenues	59,176	37,481	112,735	72,604
Other government
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 12,743	$ 7,637	$ 23,719	$ 17,727
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue, Net
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue by customer	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue, Net | USPS
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue by customer	22.30%	25.30%	23.60%	25.10%
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue, Net | U.S. Navy
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue by customer	11.80%	20.90%	11.90%	22.50%
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue, Net | U.S. Army
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue by customer	25.00%	24.40%	23.40%	24.30%
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue, Net | U.S. Air Force
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue by customer	2.90%	2.90%	3.10%	2.10%
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue, Net | Total - DoD
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue by customer	39.70%	48.20%	38.40%	48.90%
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue, Net | Commercial aviation
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue by customer	28.60%	20.00%	28.60%	18.90%
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue, Net | Other commercial
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue by customer	2.70%	2.00%	2.80%	2.00%
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue, Net | Total - Commercial
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue by customer	31.30%	22.00%	31.40%	20.90%
Customer Concentration Risk | Sales Revenue, Net | Other government
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Percentage of revenue by customer	6.70%	4.50%	6.60%	5.10%

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Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2018
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance as of beginning of period			$ 198,622
Increase from acquisition			60,590
Balance as of end of period	$ 259,212		259,212
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Amortization of intangible assets	5,000	$ 4,000	10,000	$ 8,000
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Cost	265,164		265,164		$ 202,164
Accumulated Amortization	(116,218)		(116,218)		(106,247)
Accumulated Impairment Loss	(1,025)		(1,025)		(1,025)
Net Intangible Assets	147,921		147,921		94,892
Supply Chain Management
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance as of beginning of period			63,190
Increase from acquisition			0
Balance as of end of period	63,190		63,190
Federal Services
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance as of beginning of period			30,883
Increase from acquisition			0
Balance as of end of period	30,883		30,883
Aviation
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance as of beginning of period			104,549
Increase from acquisition			60,590
Balance as of end of period	165,139		165,139
Contract and customer-related
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Cost	228,094		228,094		173,094
Accumulated Amortization	(94,185)		(94,185)		(86,076)
Accumulated Impairment Loss	(1,025)		(1,025)		(1,025)
Net Intangible Assets	132,884		132,884		85,993
Acquired technologies
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Cost	12,400		12,400		12,400
Accumulated Amortization	(9,096)		(9,096)		(8,533)
Accumulated Impairment Loss	0		0		0
Net Intangible Assets	3,304		3,304		3,867
Trade names
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net [Abstract]
Cost	24,670		24,670		16,670
Accumulated Amortization	(12,937)		(12,937)		(11,638)
Accumulated Impairment Loss	0		0		0
Net Intangible Assets	$ 11,733		$ 11,733		$ 5,032

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Fair Value Measurements - Financial Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Earn-out obligation - short-term	$ 10,700	$ 0
Earn-out obligation - long-term	14,300	0
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 1 | Other assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Non-COLI assets held in Deferred Supplemental Compensation Plan	611	403
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 2 | Accrued expenses/Other current assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Interest rate swap agreements	1,699	195
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 3 | Earn-out obligation
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Earn-out obligation - short-term	10,700	0
Earn-out obligation - long-term	$ 14,300	$ 0

XML

Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Income tax expense benefit on interest rate swap	$ 424	$ 49
Accrued expenses/Other current assets | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Interest rate swap agreements	$ 1,699	$ 195

XML

Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Effective income tax rate	24.00%	25.00%	23.90%	25.10%
COLO assets fair value increase			$ 1.6

XML

Label	Element	Value
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member]
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption	us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption	$ 1,944,000
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 [Member] | Retained Earnings [Member]
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption	us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption	1,944,000
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 [Member]
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption	us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption	1,695,000
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 [Member] | Retained Earnings [Member]
Cumulative Effect of New Accounting Principle in Period of Adoption	us-gaap_CumulativeEffectOfNewAccountingPrincipleInPeriodOfAdoption	$ 1,695,000