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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies [Line Items]

The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the consolidated financial position and results of operations of the Company, the Operating Partnership, the Finance Partnership, KSLLC, 303 Second LLC, 100 First LLC, Redwood LLC and all of our wholly-owned and controlled subsidiaries. The consolidated financial statements of the Operating Partnership include the consolidated financial position and results of operations of the Operating Partnership, the Finance Partnership, KSLLC, 303 Second LLC, 100 First LLC, Redwood LLC and all wholly-owned and controlled subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2016, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2015-03 and No. 2015-15, which requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented on the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. However, for line-of-credit arrangements, entities may defer and present debt issuance costs as an asset and amortize the costs ratably over the term of the line of credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line of credit arrangement. As a result of our adoption of the guidance, $1.1 million of deferred financing costs as of December 31, 2015 were reclassified to reduce secured debt, net and $12.0 million of deferred financing costs as of December 31, 2015 were reclassified to reduce unsecured debt, net in the December 31, 2015 balances on our consolidated balance sheets. In addition, $4.6 million of deferred financing costs relating to our unsecured line of credit as of December 31, 2015 were reclassified to prepaid expenses and other assets, net in the December 31, 2015 balances on our consolidated balance sheets. The guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Partially Owned Entities and Variable Interest Entities

Effective January 1, 2016, the Company adopted FASB ASU No. 2015-02 (“ASU 2015-02”), which amended certain guidance with respect to the evaluation of Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) and when a reporting entity is required to consolidate certain legal entities. Specifically, the amendments: (i) modify the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are VIEs or voting interest entities, (ii) eliminate the presumption that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership, (iii) affect the consolidation analysis of reporting entities that are involved with VIEs, and (iv) provide a scope exception for certain entities.

Under the new guidance, effective January 1, 2016, the Operating Partnership was determined to be a VIE of the Company as the Operating Partnership is a limited partnership in which the common limited partners do not have substantive kick-out rights or participating rights. However, given that the Company was deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the Operating Partnership because the Company has the ability to control the activities that most significantly impact the Operating Partnership's economic performance, the adoption of this new guidance and the conclusion that the Operating Partnership was a VIE did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements since the conclusion to consolidate the Operating Partnership still applied. The Operating Partnership was the only new VIE identified as part of the adoption of the guidance as of January 1, 2016.

At December 31, 2016 the consolidated financial statements of the Company included three VIEs in addition to the Operating Partnership: 303 Second LLC; 100 First LLC; and an entity established during the fourth quarter of 2016 to facilitate a Section 1031 Exchange. At December 31, 2016, the Company and the Operating Partnership were determined to be the primary beneficiary of these three VIEs as since we had the ability to control the activities that most significantly impact each of the VIEs’ economic performance. As of December 31, 2016, the three VIEs’ total assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interest included on our consolidated balance sheet were approximately $654.3 million (of which $588.6 million related to real estate held for investment), approximately $166.1 million and approximately $124.3 million, respectively. Revenues, income and net assets generated by 303 Second LLC and 100 First LLC may only be used to settle their contractual obligations, which primarily consist of operating expenses, mortgage debt related payments, capital expenditures and required distributions. In January 2017, the Section 1031 Exchange was successfully completed and the entity established for the 1031 Exchange was no longer a VIE.

At December 31, 2015, the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the Operating Partnership included two VIEs in which we were deemed to be the primary beneficiary. One VIE, Redwood LLC, was established in the second quarter of 2013 in connection with an undeveloped land acquisition. During the year ended December 31, 2016, Redwood LLC had a VIE reconsideration event and was determined to no longer be a VIE. The other VIE was established during the fourth quarter of 2015 to facilitate potential Section 1031 Exchanges and was terminated during 2016. The impact of consolidating the VIEs increased the Company’s total assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interests as of December 31, 2015 by approximately $203.3 million (of which $187.3 million related to real estate held for investment on our consolidated balance sheet), approximately $28.8 million and approximately $6.5 million, respectively.

Our accounting policy is to consolidate entities in which we have a controlling financial interest and significant decision making control over the entity's operations. In determining whether we have a controlling financial interest in a partially owned entity and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, we consider factors such as ownership interest, board representation, management representation, size of our investment (including loans), authority to control decisions, and contractual and substantive participating rights of the members. In addition to evaluating control rights, we consolidate entities in which the other members have no substantive kick-out rights to remove the Company as the managing member.

We also evaluate whether the entity is a variable interest entity and whether we are the primary beneficiary. VIEs are entities in which the equity investors do not have sufficient equity at risk to finance their endeavors without additional financial support or the holders of the equity investment at risk do not have a controlling financial interest. We are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE when we have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

If the requirements for consolidation are not met, the Company would account for investments under the equity method of accounting if we have the ability to exercise significant influence over the entity. Equity method investments would be initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted for our share of net income or loss and cash contributions and distributions each period. The Company did not have any equity method investments at December 31, 2016 or December 31, 2015.

Acquisitions

We record the acquired tangible and intangible assets and assumed liabilities of acquisitions of operating properties and development and redevelopment opportunities that meet the accounting criteria to be accounted for as business combinations at fair value at the acquisition date. The acquired assets and assumed liabilities for an acquisition generally include but are not limited to (i) land and improvements, buildings and improvements, undeveloped land and construction in progress and (ii) identified tangible and intangible assets and liabilities associated with in-place leases, including tenant improvements, leasing costs, value of above-market and below-market operating leases and ground leases, acquired in-place lease values and tenant relationships, if any. Any debt assumed and equity (including common units of the Operating Partnership) issued in connection with a property acquisition is recorded at fair value on the date of acquisition.

The fair value of land and improvements is derived from comparable sales of land and improvements within the same submarket and/or region. The fair value of buildings and improvements, tenant improvements and leasing costs considers the value of the property as if it was vacant as well as current replacement costs and other relevant market rate information.

The fair value of the above-market or below-market component of an acquired in-place operating lease is based upon the present value (calculated using a market discount rate) of the difference between (i) the contractual rents to be paid pursuant to the lease over its remaining non-cancellable lease term and (ii) our estimate of the rents that would be paid using fair market rental rates and rent escalations at the date of acquisition measured over the remaining non-cancellable term of the lease for above-market operating leases and the initial non-cancellable term plus the term of any below-market fixed rate renewal options, if applicable, for below-market operating leases. Our below-market operating leases generally do not include fixed rate or below-market renewal options. The amounts recorded for above-market operating leases are included in deferred leasing costs and acquisition-related intangible assets, net on the balance sheet and are amortized on a straight-line basis as a reduction of rental income over the remaining term of the applicable leases. The amounts recorded for below-market operating leases are included in deferred revenue and acquisition-related intangible liabilities, net on the balance sheet and are amortized on a straight-line basis as an increase to rental income over the remaining term of the applicable leases plus the term of any below-market fixed rate renewal options, if applicable. The amortization of the below-market ground lease obligation is recorded as an increase to ground lease expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the periods presented. The amortization of the above-market ground lease obligation is recorded as a decrease to ground lease expense in the consolidations statements of operations for the periods presented.

The fair value of acquired in-place leases is derived based on our assessment of lost revenue and costs incurred for the period required to lease the “assumed vacant” property to the occupancy level when purchased. The amount recorded for acquired in-place leases is included in deferred leasing costs and acquisition-related intangible assets, net on the balance sheet and amortized as an increase to depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining term of the applicable leases. Fully amortized intangible assets are written off each quarter.

We record the acquisition of undeveloped land that does not meet the accounting criteria to be accounted for as business combinations and the subsequent acquisition of the fee interest in land and improvements underlying our properties at the purchase price paid and capitalize the associated acquisition costs. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 we capitalized $0.5 million, $1.1 million and $4.5 million, respectively, in acquisition costs associated with development acquisitions.

Operating Properties, Cost Capitalization, and Depreciations and Amortization of Buildings and Improvements

Operating Properties

Operating properties are generally carried at historical cost less accumulated depreciation. Properties held for sale are reported at the lower of the carrying value or the fair value less estimated cost to sell. The cost of operating properties includes the purchase price or development costs of the properties. Costs incurred for the renovation and betterment of the operating properties are capitalized to our investment in that property. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.

When evaluating properties to be held and used for potential impairment, we first evaluate whether there are any indicators of impairment for any of our properties. If any impairment indicators are present for a specific property, we then perform an undiscounted cash flow analysis and compare the net carrying amount of the property to the property’s estimated undiscounted future cash flow over the anticipated holding period. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flow is less than the net carrying amount of the property, we then perform an impairment loss calculation to determine if the fair value of the property is less than the net carrying value of the property. Our impairment loss calculation compares the net carrying amount of the property to the property’s estimated fair value, which may be based on estimated discounted future cash flow calculations or third-party valuations or appraisals. We would recognize an impairment loss if the asset’s net carrying amount exceeds the asset’s estimated fair value. If we were to recognize an impairment loss, the estimated fair value of the asset (less costs to sell for assets held for sale) would become its new cost basis. For a depreciable long-lived asset, the new cost basis would be depreciated (amortized) over the remaining useful life of that asset.

Cost Capitalization

All costs clearly associated with the development, redevelopment and construction of a property are capitalized as project costs, including internal compensation costs. In addition, the following costs are capitalized as project costs during periods in which activities necessary to prepare development and redevelopment properties for its intended use are in progress: pre-construction costs essential to the development of the property, interest, real estate taxes and insurance.


•	For office development and redevelopment properties that are pre-leased, we cease capitalization when revenue recognition commences, which is upon substantial completion of tenant improvements deemed to be the Company's asset for accounting purposes.

•

For office development and redevelopment properties that are not pre-leased, we may not immediately build out the tenant improvements. Therefore, we cease capitalization when revenue recognition commences upon substantial completion of the tenant improvements deemed to be the Company's asset for accounting purposes, but in any event, no later than one year after the cessation of major construction activities. We also cease capitalization on a development or redevelopment property when activities necessary to prepare the property for its intended use have been suspended.


•	For office development or redevelopment properties with multiple tenants and staged leasing, we cease capitalization and begin depreciation on the portion of the development or redevelopment property for which revenue recognition has commenced.


•	For residential development properties, we cease capitalization when the property is substantially complete and available for occupancy.

Once major construction activity has ceased and the development or redevelopment property is in the lease-up phase, the costs capitalized to construction in progress are transferred to land and improvements, buildings and improvements, and deferred leasing costs on our consolidated balance sheets as the historical cost of the property.

Depreciation and Amortization of Buildings and Improvements

The costs of buildings and improvements and tenant improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method of accounting over the estimated useful lives set forth in the table below.

Discontinued Operations and Properties Held for Sale

Real Estate Assets Held for Sale, Dispositions and Discontinued Operations

A real estate asset is classified as held for sale when certain criteria are met, including but not limited to the availability of the asset for immediate sale, the existence of an active program to locate a buyer and the probable sale or transfer of the asset within one year. If such criteria are met, we present the applicable assets and liabilities related to the real estate asset held for sale, if material, separately on the balance sheet and we would cease to record depreciation and amortization expense. Real estate assets held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or their estimated fair value less the estimated costs to sell. As of December 31, 2016, we classified one operating property located in San Diego, California as held for sale. As of December 31, 2015, we classified four operating properties and one undeveloped land parcel located in San Diego, California as held for sale.

Effective January 1, 2015, the Company adopted FASB ASU No. 2014-08 (“ASU 2014-08”), which changed the criteria for reporting discontinued operations while enhancing disclosures in this area. Under the new guidance, only property disposals representing a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity's operations and financial results, such as a major line of business, a major geographical area or a major equity investment, are required to be presented as discontinued operations. If we were to determine that the property disposition represents a strategic shift, the revenues, expenses and net gain (loss) on dispositions of the property would be recorded in discontinued operations for all periods presented through the date of the applicable disposition. The Company adopted and applied the new guidance on a prospective basis as required by ASU 2014-08. Therefore, properties classified as held for sale and/or disposed of subsequent to January 1, 2015 that do not represent a strategic shift are presented in continuing operations for all periods presented. In accordance with this guidance, the operations of the six properties sold during the year ended December 31, 2016 and the ten properties sold during the year ended December 31, 2015 are presented in continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.

Prior to January 1, 2015, the revenues and expenses of operating properties that have been sold, if material, and the revenues and expenses of operating properties that have been classified as held for sale, if material, are reported in the consolidated statements of operations as discontinued operations for all periods presented through the date of the applicable disposition. The net gains (losses) on disposition of operating properties are reported in the consolidated statements of operations as discontinued operations in the period the properties are sold. In determining whether the revenues, expenses, and net gains (losses) on dispositions of operating properties are reported as discontinued operations, we evaluate whether we have any significant continuing involvement in the operations, leasing, or management of the sold property. If we were to determine that we had any significant continuing involvement, the revenues, expenses and net gain (loss) on dispositions of the operating property would not be recorded in discontinued operations. For the year ended December 31, 2014, discontinued operations includes the net income and gains on all of the properties sold in 2014.

The net gains (losses) on dispositions of non-depreciable real estate property, including land, are reported in the consolidated statements of operations as gains (losses) on sale of land within continuing operations in the period the land is sold

Revenue Recognition, Tenant Reimbursements and Other Property Income

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue from rent, tenant reimbursements, parking and other revenue once all of the following criteria are met: (i) the agreement has been fully executed and delivered, (ii) services have been rendered, (iii) the amount is fixed or determinable and (iv) the collectability of the amount is reasonably assured.

Minimum annual rental revenues are recognized in rental revenues on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease. Rental revenue recognition commences when the tenant takes possession or controls the physical use of the leased space. In order for the tenant to take possession, the leased space must be substantially complete and ready for its intended use. In order to determine whether the leased space is substantially ready for its intended use, we begin by determining whether the Company or the tenant owns the tenant improvements. When we conclude that the Company is the owner of tenant improvements, rental revenue recognition begins when the tenant takes possession of the finished space, which is generally when Company owned tenant improvements are substantially complete. In certain instances, when we conclude that the Company is not the owner (the tenant is the owner) of tenant improvements, rental revenue recognition begins when the tenant takes possession of or controls the space.

When we conclude that the Company is the owner of tenant improvements, we record the cost to construct the tenant improvements, including costs paid for or reimbursed by the tenants, as a capital asset. For these tenant improvements, we record the amount funded by or reimbursed by the tenants as deferred revenue, which is amortized on a straight-line basis as additional rental income over the term of the related lease.

When we conclude that the tenant is the owner of tenant improvements for accounting purposes, we record our contribution towards those improvements as a lease incentive, which is included in deferred leasing costs and acquisition-related intangible assets, net on our consolidated balance sheets and amortized as a reduction to rental income on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

For residential properties, we commence revenue recognition upon occupancy of the units by the tenants. Residential rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease, net of any concessions.

Tenant Reimbursements

Reimbursements from tenants, consisting of amounts due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs, are recognized as revenue in the period the recoverable costs are incurred. Tenant reimbursements are recognized and recorded on a gross basis, as we are generally the primary obligor with respect to purchasing goods and services from third-party suppliers, have discretion in selecting the supplier, and have credit risk.

Other Property Income

Other property income primarily includes amounts recorded in connection with lease terminations, tenant bankruptcy settlement payments and property damage settlement related payments. Lease termination fees are amortized over the remaining lease term, if applicable. If there is no remaining lease term, they are recognized when received and realized. Other property income also includes miscellaneous income from tenants, such as fees related to the restoration of leased premises to their original condition and fees for late rental payments.

Allowances for Uncollectible Tenant and Deferred Rent Receivables

We carry our current and deferred rent receivables net of allowances for uncollectible amounts. Our determination of the adequacy of these allowances is based primarily upon evaluations of individual receivables, current economic conditions, and other relevant factors. The allowances are increased or decreased through the provision for bad debts on our consolidated statements of operations.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly-liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of cash proceeds from dispositions that are temporarily held at qualified intermediaries for purposes of facilitating potential Section 1031 Exchanges and cash held in escrow related to acquisition and disposition holdbacks. Restricted cash also includes cash held as collateral to provide credit enhancement for the Operating Partnership’s mortgage debt, including cash reserves for capital expenditures, tenant improvements and property taxes. As of December 31, 2016, we had $48.4 million of restricted cash held at qualified intermediaries for the purpose of facilitating Section 1031 Exchanges. In January 2017, the Section 1031 Exchange was completed and the cash was released from the qualified intermediary. As of December 31, 2015, we had no restricted cash held at qualified intermediaries for the purpose of facilitating Section 1031 Exchanges.

Marketable Securities

Marketable Securities / Deferred Compensation Plan

Marketable securities reported in our consolidated balance sheets represent the assets held in connection with the Kilroy Realty Corporation 2007 Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”) (see Note 16 “Employee Benefit Plans” for additional information). The Deferred Compensation Plan assets are held in a limited rabbi trust and invested in various mutual and money market funds. As a result, the marketable securities are treated as trading securities for financial reporting purposes and are adjusted to fair value at the end of each accounting period, with the corresponding gains and losses recorded in interest income and other net investment gains.

Deferred Compensation Plan

At the time eligible management employees (“Participants”) defer compensation or earn mandatory Company contributions, or if we were to make a discretionary contribution, we record compensation cost and a corresponding deferred compensation plan liability, which is included in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets. This liability is adjusted to fair value at the end of each accounting period based on the performance of the benchmark funds selected by each Participant, and the impact of adjusting the liability to fair value is recorded as an increase or decrease to compensation cost. The impact of adjusting the deferred compensation plan liability to fair value and the changes in the value of the marketable securities held in connection with the Deferred Compensation Plan generally offset and therefore do not significantly impact net income.

Deferred Leasing Costs

Costs incurred in connection with successful property leasing are capitalized as deferred leasing costs and classified as investing activities in the statement of cash flows. Deferred leasing costs consist primarily of leasing commissions and also include certain internal payroll costs and lease incentives, which are amortized using the straight-line method of accounting over the lives of the leases which generally range from one to 20 years. We reevaluate the remaining useful lives of leasing costs as the creditworthiness of our tenants and economic and market conditions change. If we determine that the estimated remaining life of a lease has changed, we adjust the amortization period accordingly. Fully amortized deferred leasing costs are written off each quarter.

Deferred Financing Costs, Debt Discounts and Premiums, Exchangeable Debt Instruments, and Gain and Losses on Early Extinguishment of Debt

Deferred Financing Costs

Financing costs related to the origination or assumption of long-term debt are deferred and generally amortized using the straight-line method of accounting, which approximates the effective interest method, over the contractual terms of the applicable financings. Fully amortized deferred financing costs are written off when the corresponding financing is repaid. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, our secured debt was reported net of unamortized deferred financing costs of $1.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively, and our unsecured debt was reported net of unamortized deferred financing costs of $10.1 million and $12.0 million, respectively. Deferred financing costs related to our unsecured line of credit were reported in prepaid expenses and other assets net of accumulated amortization of $5.7 million and $4.3 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Debt Discounts and Premiums

Original issuance debt discounts and discounts/premiums related to recording debt acquired in connection with operating property acquisitions at fair value are generally amortized and accreted on a straight-line basis, which approximates the effective interest method. Discounts are recorded as additional interest expense from date of issuance or acquisition through the contractual maturity date of the related debt. Premiums are recorded as a reduction to interest expense from the date of issuance or acquisition through the contractual maturity date of the related debt. Our secured debt is presented including unamortized premiums of $4.4 million and $6.2 million as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Our unsecured senior notes are presented net of unamortized discounts of $6.6 million and $7.4 million, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Noncontrolling Interest and Partnership Interests

Noncontrolling Interests - Common Units of the Operating Partnership in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements

Common units of the Operating Partnership within noncontrolling interests in the Company’s consolidated financial statements represent the common limited partnership interests in the Operating Partnership not held by the Company (“noncontrolling common units”). Noncontrolling common units are presented in the equity section of the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and are reported at their proportionate share of the net assets of the Operating Partnership. Noncontrolling interests with redemption provisions that permit the issuer to settle in either cash or shares of common stock must be further evaluated to determine whether equity or temporary equity classification on the balance sheet is appropriate. Since the common units contain such a provision, we evaluated the accounting guidance and determined that the common units qualify for equity presentation in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Net income attributable to noncontrolling common units is allocated based on their relative ownership percentage of the Operating Partnership during the reported period. The noncontrolling interest ownership percentage is determined by dividing the number of noncontrolling common units by the total number of common units outstanding. The issuance or redemption of additional shares of common stock or common units results in changes to the noncontrolling interest percentage as well as the total net assets of the Company. As a result, all equity transactions result in an allocation between equity and the noncontrolling interest in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and statements of equity to account for the changes in the noncontrolling interest ownership percentage as well as the change in total net assets of the Company.

Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Property Partnerships

Noncontrolling interests in consolidated property partnerships represent the equity interests held by unrelated third parties in our three consolidated property partnerships (see Note 11 “Noncontrolling Interests on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements” and see Note 12 “Noncontrolling Interests on the Operating Partnership’s Consolidated Financial Statements”). Noncontrolling interests in consolidated property partnerships are not redeemable and are presented as permanent equity in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. We account for the noncontrolling interests in consolidated property partnerships using the hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”) method to attribute the earnings or losses of the consolidated property partnerships between the controlling and noncontrolling interests. Under the HLBV method, the amounts reported as noncontrolling interests in consolidated property partnerships in the consolidated balance sheets represent the amounts the noncontrolling interests would hypothetically receive at each balance sheet reporting date under the liquidation provisions of the governing agreements assuming the net assets of the consolidated property partnerships were liquidated at recorded amounts and distributed between the controlling and noncontrolling interests in accordance with the governing documents. The net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated property partnerships in the consolidated statements of operations is associated with the increase or decrease in the noncontrolling interest holders’ contractual claims on the respective entities’ balance sheets assuming a hypothetical liquidation at the end of that reporting period when compared with their claims on the respective entities’ balance sheets assuming a hypothetical liquidation at the beginning of that reporting period, after removing any contributions or distributions.

Preferred Partnership Interests on the Operating Partnership’s Consolidated Balance Sheets

Preferred partnership interests of the Operating Partnership represent the issued and outstanding 4,000,000 6.875% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units (“Series G Preferred Units”) and the 4,000,000 6.375% Series H Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units (“Series H Preferred Units”) which were outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and 2015.

The Series G and Series H Preferred Units are presented in the permanent equity section of the Operating Partnership’s consolidated balance sheets given that the Series G and Series H Preferred Units may only be redeemed at our option (see Note 14 “Preferred and Common Units of the Operating Partnership”). The Company is the holder of both the Series G and Series H Preferred Units and for each Series G and Series H Preferred Unit the Company has an equivalent number of shares of the Company’s 6.875% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and shares of the Company’s 6.375% Series H Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock publicly issued and outstanding.

Equity Offerings

Underwriting commissions and offering costs incurred in connection with common equity offerings and our at-the-market stock offering program (see Note 13 “Stockholders’ Equity of the Company”) are reflected as a reduction of additional paid-in capital. Issuance costs incurred in connection with preferred equity offerings are reflected as a reduction of the carrying value of the preferred equity.

The Company records preferred stock issuance costs as a non-cash preferred equity distribution at the time we notify the holders of preferred stock or units of our intent to redeem such shares or units.

The net proceeds from any equity offering of the Company are generally contributed to the Operating Partnership in exchange for a number of common or preferred units equivalent to the number of shares of common or preferred stock issued and are reflected in the Operating Partnership’s consolidated financial statements as an increase in partners’ capital.

Share-based Incentive Compensation Accounting

Compensation cost for all share-based awards, including options, requires measurement at estimated fair value on the grant date. Compensation cost is recognized over the service vesting period, which represents the requisite service period, on a straight-line basis. The grant date fair value of market measure-based share-based compensation plans are calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation pricing model. The grant date fair value of stock option grants is calculated using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Equity awards settled in cash are valued at the fair value of our common stock on the period end date through the settlement date. Equity awards settled in cash are remeasured at each reporting period and are recognized as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet during the vesting period until settlement.

For share-based awards in which the performance period precedes the grant date, we recognize compensation cost over the requisite service period, which includes both the performance and service vesting periods, using the accelerated attribution expense method. The requisite service period begins on the date the Executive Compensation Committee authorizes the award and adopts any relevant performance measures.

For programs with performance-based measures, the total estimated compensation cost is based on our most recent estimate of the probable achievement of the pre-established specific corporate performance measures. These estimates are based on our latest internal forecasts for each performance measure. For programs with market measures, the total estimated compensation cost is based on the fair value of the award at the grant date. For programs with performance-based measures and market measures, the total estimated compensation cost is based on the fair value per share at the grant date multiplied by our most recent estimate of the number of shares to be earned based on the probable achievement of the pre-established corporate performance measures based on our latest internal forecasts.

In accordance with the provisions of our share-based incentive compensation plans, we accept the return of shares of Company common stock, at the current quoted market price, from employees to satisfy minimum statutory tax-withholding requirements related to shares that vested during the period.

For share based awards granted by the Company, the Operating Partnership issues a number of common units equal to the number of shares of common stock ultimately granted by the Company in respect of such awards.

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss)

Basic and Diluted Net Income Available to Common Stockholders per Share

Basic net income available to common stockholders per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders, after preferred distributions and the allocation of income to participating securities, by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted net income available to common stockholders per share is computed by dividing net income available for common stockholders, after preferred distributions and the allocation of income to participating securities, by the sum of the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period plus the assumed exercise of all dilutive securities. The impact of the outstanding common units is considered in the calculation of diluted net income available to common stockholders per share. The common units are not reflected in the diluted net income available to common stockholders per share calculation because the exchange of common units into common stock is on a one for one basis, and the common units are allocated net income on a per share basis equal to the common stock (see Note 22 “Net Income Available to Common Stockholders Per Share of the Company”). Accordingly, any exchange would not have any effect on diluted net income (loss) available to common stockholders per share.

Nonvested share-based payment awards (including nonvested restricted stock units (“RSUs”), vested market-measure RSUs and vested dividend equivalents issued to holders of RSUs) containing nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are accounted for as participating securities and included in the computation of basic and diluted net income available to common stockholders per share pursuant to the two-class method. The dilutive effect of stock options is reflected in the weighted average diluted outstanding shares calculation by application of the treasury stock method. The dilutive effect of the outstanding nonvested shares of common stock (“nonvested shares”) and RSUs that have not yet been granted but are contingently issuable under the share-based compensation programs is reflected in the weighted average diluted shares calculation by application of the treasury stock method at the beginning of the quarterly period in which all necessary conditions have been satisfied.

Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of our financial assets and liabilities are disclosed in Note 19, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” to our consolidated financial statements. The only financial assets recorded at fair value on a recurring basis in our consolidated financial statements are our marketable securities. We elected not to apply the fair value option for any of our eligible financial instruments or other items.

We determine the estimated fair value of financial assets and liabilities utilizing a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to a fair value measurement are considered to be observable or unobservable in a marketplace. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. The following is the fair value hierarchy:


•	Level 1 – quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets;


•	Level 2 – quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations in which significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and


•	Level 3 – fair value measurements derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

We determine the fair value for the marketable securities using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. Our other financial instruments, which are only disclosed at fair value, are comprised of secured debt, unsecured senior notes, unsecured line of credit and unsecured term loan facility.

We generally determine the fair value of our secured debt, unsecured debt, and unsecured line of credit by performing discounted cash flow analyses using an appropriate market discount rate. We calculate the market rate by obtaining period-end treasury rates for maturities that correspond to the maturities of our fixed-rate debt and then adding an appropriate credit spread based on information obtained from third-party financial institutions. These credit spreads take into account factors, including but not limited to, our credit profile, the tenure of the debt, amortization period, whether the debt is secured or unsecured, and the loan-to-value ratio of the debt to the collateral. These calculations are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate, credit spreads and estimates of future cash flow. We calculate the market rate of our unsecured line of credit, unsecured term loan facility, and unsecured term loan by obtaining the period-end London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and then adding an appropriate credit spread based on our credit ratings, and the amended terms of our unsecured line of credit, unsecured term loan facility, and unsecured term loan agreement. We determine the fair value of each of our publicly traded unsecured senior notes based on their quoted trading price at the end of the reporting period, if such prices are available.

Carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short-term maturities.

Income Taxes

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code. To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute annually at least 90% of our adjusted taxable income, as defined in the Code, to our stockholders and satisfy certain other organizational and operating requirements. We generally will not be subject to federal income taxes if we distribute 100% of our taxable income for each year to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income taxes (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and we may not be able to qualify as a REIT for four subsequent taxable years. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state and local taxes on our income and property and to federal income taxes and excise taxes on our undistributed taxable income. We believe that we have met all of the REIT distribution and technical requirements for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, and we were not subject to any federal income taxes (see Note 26 “Tax Treatment of Distributions” for additional information). We intend to continue to adhere to these requirements and maintain the Company’s REIT status. Accordingly, no provision for income taxes has been made in the accompanying financial statements.

In addition, any taxable income from our taxable REIT subsidiary, which was formed in 2002, is subject to federal, state, and local income taxes. For the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 the taxable REIT subsidiary had de minimis taxable income.

Uncertain Tax Positions

We include favorable tax positions in the calculation of tax liabilities if it is more likely than not that our adopted tax position will prevail if challenged by tax authorities.

We evaluated the potential impact of identified uncertain tax positions for all tax years still subject to audit under state and federal income tax law and concluded that we did not have any unrecognized tax benefits or any additional tax liabilities as of December 31, 2016 or 2015. As of December 31, 2016, the years still subject to audit are 2012 through 2016 under the California state income tax law and 2013 through 2016 under the federal income tax law.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment

We currently operate in one operating segment, our office properties segment.

Concentration of Credit Risk

All of our properties and development and redevelopment projects are owned and all of our business is currently conducted in the state of California with the exception of the ownership and operation of twelve office properties and one near-term development project located in the state of Washington. The ability of tenants to honor the terms of their leases is dependent upon the economic, regulatory, and social factors affecting the communities in which our tenants operate.

As of December 31, 2016, our 15 largest tenants represented approximately 37.3% of total annualized base rental revenues.

We have deposited cash with financial institutions that is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) up to $250,000 per institution. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had cash accounts in excess of FDIC insured limits.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

On January 5, 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01 (“ASU 2017-01”) to amend the guidance for determining whether a transaction involves the purchase or disposal of a business or an asset. The amendments clarify that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired or disposed of is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar assets, the set of assets and activities is not a business. ASU 2017-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years and early adoption is permitted for transactions which have not been previously reported in financial statements that have been issued. The Company currently anticipates that it will early adopt the guidance effective January 1, 2017 and that the guidance will result in acquisitions of operating properties being accounted for as asset acquisitions instead of business combinations. The adoption of this guidance will also change the accounting for the transaction costs for acquisitions of operating properties such that transaction costs will be able to be capitalized as part of the purchase price of the acquisition instead of being expensed as acquisition-related expenses.

On November 17, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18 (“ASU 2016-18”) to require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents will be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not currently anticipate that the guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or notes to our consolidated financial statements.

On August 26, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15 (“ASU 2016-15”) to provide guidance for areas where there is diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not currently anticipate that the guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or notes to our consolidated financial statements.

On June 16, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 (“ASU 2016-13”) to amend the accounting for credit losses for certain financial instruments. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes its estimate of expected credit losses as an allowance, which the FASB believes will result in more timely recognition of such losses. ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company does not currently anticipate that the guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or notes to our consolidated financial statements.

On May 9, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, which clarifies and provides practical expedients for certain aspects of ASU No. 2014-09, which outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenues arising from contracts with customers and notes that lease contracts with customers are a scope exception. Public business entities may elect to adopt the amendments as of the original effective date; however, adoption is required for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently conducting its evaluation of the impact of the guidance. More specifically, the Company is evaluating the impact on the timing of gain recognition for dispositions, but currently does not believe there will be a material impact to our consolidated financial statements for dispositions given the simplicity of the Company’s historical disposition transactions. In addition, the Company is in the process of evaluating whether the guidance will impact the accounting for tenant reimbursements, but we currently do not believe this will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and notes to our consolidated financial statements.

On March 30, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09 (“ASU 2016-09”) to amend the accounting guidance for share-based payment accounting. The areas for simplification in ASU 2016-09 involve several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2017 and the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or notes to our consolidated financial statements.

On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 (“ASU 2016-02”) to amend the accounting guidance for leases. The accounting applied by a lessor is largely unchanged under ASU 2016-02. However, the standard requires lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for leases classified as operating leases on the balance sheet. Lessees will recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset representing its right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election by class of underlying asset not to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities. If a lessee makes this election, it will recognize lease expense for such leases generally on a straight-line basis over the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently conducting its evaluation of the impact of the guidance. The Company currently believes that the adoption of the standard will not have a material impact for leases where it is a lessor. However, for leases where the Company is a lessee, specifically for the Company’s ground leases, the Company has preliminarily concluded that the adoption of the standard will have a material impact on its consolidated balance sheets since both existing ground leases and any future ground leases will be recorded on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as an obligation of the Company. In addition, for new ground leases entered into after the adoption date of the new standard, the Company currently believes such leases may be required to be accounted for as a financing type lease resulting in ground lease expense recorded using the effective interest method instead of on a straight line basis over the term of the lease. The Company currently believes this could have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations if it entered into material new ground leases after the date of adoption since ground lease expense calculated using the effective interest method results in an increased amount of ground lease expense in the earlier years of a ground lease as compared to the current straight line method.

On January 5, 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01 (“ASU 2016-01”) to amend the accounting guidance on the classification and measurement of financial instruments. The standard requires that all investments in equity securities, including other ownership interests, are carried at fair value through net income. This requirement does not apply to investments that qualify for equity method accounting or to those that result in consolidation of the investee or for which the entity has elected the predictability exception to fair value measurement. Additionally, the standard requires that the portion of the total fair value change caused by a change in instrument-specific credit risk for financial liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected would be recognized in other comprehensive income. Any accumulated amount remaining in other comprehensive income is reclassified to earnings when the liability is extinguished. ASU 2016-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company does not currently anticipate that the guidance will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements or notes to our consolidated financial statements.

Kilroy Realty, L.P. [Member]

Basis of presentation and significant accounting policies [Line Items]

Noncontrolling Interest and Partnership Interests

Noncontrolling Interests on the Operating Partnership’s Consolidated Financial Statements

Noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership’s consolidated financial statements include the non-controlling interest in property partnerships (see Note 12 “Noncontrolling Interests on the Operating Partnership’s Consolidated Financial Statements”) and the Company’s 1.0% general partnership interest in the Finance Partnership. The 1.0% general partnership interest in the Finance Partnership noncontrolling interest is presented in the permanent equity section of the Operating Partnership’s consolidated balance sheets given that these interests are not convertible or redeemable into any other ownership interest of the Company or the Operating Partnership.

Common Partnership Interests on the Operating Partnership’s Consolidated Balance Sheets

The common units held by the Company and the noncontrolling common units held by the common limited partners are both presented in the permanent equity section of the Operating Partnership’s consolidated balance sheets in partners’ capital. The redemption rights of the noncontrolling common units permit us to settle the redemption obligation in either cash or shares of the Company’s common stock at our option (see Note 11 “Noncontrolling Interests on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements” for additional information).

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss)

Basic and Diluted Net Income Available to Common Unitholders per Unit

Basic net income available to common unitholders per unit is computed by dividing net income available to common unitholders, after preferred distributions and the allocation of income to participating securities, by the weighted-average number of vested common units outstanding for the period. Diluted net income available to common unitholders per unit is computed by dividing net income available to common unitholders, after preferred distributions and the allocation of income to participating securities, by the sum of the weighted-average number of common units outstanding for the period plus the assumed exercise of all dilutive securities.

The dilutive effect of stock options, outstanding nonvested shares, RSUs, and awards containing nonforfeitable rights to dividend equivalents are reflected in diluted net income available to common unitholders per unit in the same manner as noted above for net income available to common stockholders per share.