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INCOME TAXES
 12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
INCOME TAXES INCOME TAXES
For the years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the Company recorded a provision (benefit) for income taxes of $3.6 million, $2.8 million, and $(0.4) million, respectively. The components of the consolidated provision for income taxes for fiscal 2024, 2023, and 2022 consisted of the following:
 March 31,
Current:202420232022
Federal$714 $423 $— 
State2,384 1,331 145 
Foreign544 1,053 721 
Total current tax provision3,642 2,807 866 
Deferred
Federal— — (984)
State— — (269)
Total deferred tax provision— — (1,253)
Income tax provision (benefit)$3,642 $2,807 $(387)
The Company's income from continuing operations before income taxes included $2.6 million, $2.7 million, and $12.9 million of foreign subsidiary income for the years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The Company is permanently reinvesting the earnings of its profitable foreign subsidiaries to facilitate expansion of overseas operations. If the Company were to remit these earnings, the tax impact would be immaterial.
For the year ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded a deferred tax benefit of $1.2 million related to the release of an existing valuation allowance as a result of change in circumstances caused by the acquisition of Fuze.
Deferred tax assets and (liabilities) were comprised of the following:
 March 31,
 20242023
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards$296,036 $317,035 
Research and development and other credit carryforwards28,118 29,237 
Stock-based compensation7,540 9,257 
Reserves and allowances17,463 16,050 
Operating lease liability15,456 18,236 
Capitalized IRC 174 costs51,317 31,207 
Fixed assets and intangibles6,435 5,728 
Gross deferred tax assets422,365 426,750 
Valuation allowance(368,408)(360,274)
Total deferred tax assets$53,957 $66,476 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangibles(19,045)(23,781)
Deferred sales commissions(26,303)(30,607)
Operating lease, right-of-use asset(8,724)(12,202)
Net deferred taxes$(115)$(114)
The Company assesses the realizability of deferred tax assets based on the available evidence, including a history of taxable income and estimates of future taxable income. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. For the year ended March 31, 2024, the Company continues to maintain a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as it considered the cumulative losses in recent periods to be substantial negative evidence. At March 31, 2024, management determined that a valuation allowance of approximately $368.4 million was needed, compared with approximately $360.3 million as of March 31, 2023.
At March 31, 2024, the Company had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $1,118.7 million, of which $335.5 million are related to years prior to fiscal 2019 and begin to expire in 2034. The remaining $783.2 million carry forward indefinitely, but can only be used to apply to 80% of the Company’s taxable income for a given tax year. As of March 31, 2024, the Company also had state net operating loss carry-forwards of $915.8 million, the majority of which expire at various dates between 2025 and 2043. The usage of net operating loss carryforwards are subject to certain Internal Revenue Code Section 382 limitations. In addition, at March 31, 2024, the Company had research and development credit carryforwards for federal and California tax reporting purposes of approximately $16.8 million and $23.4 million, respectively. The federal income tax credit carryforwards will expire at various dates between 2035 and 2044, while the California income tax credits will carry forward indefinitely. A reconciliation of the Company's provision (benefit) for income taxes to the amounts computed using the statutory United States federal income tax rate is as follows:
 Years Ended March 31,
 202420232022
Tax benefit at statutory rate$(13,429)$(15,075)$(36,909)
State income taxes before valuation allowance, net of federal effect(2,821)(3,088)(7,754)
Foreign tax rate differential(8)492 (2,056)
Research and development credits714 (2,513)(3,362)
Change in valuation allowance7,908 (1,708)49,620 
Compensation/option differences8,449 16,858 (6,788)
Non-deductible compensation2,612 4,397 7,606 
Other217 3,444 (744)
Total income tax provision (benefit)$3,642 $2,807 $(387)
For the years ended March 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the statutory federal rate was 21%.
The Company recognizes the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions if it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on examination by the tax authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
 Years ended March 31,
 202420232022
Balance at beginning of year$10,113 $9,850 $7,053 
Gross increases - tax positions in prior period1,457 163 1,918 
Gross increases - tax positions related to the current year431 158 951 
Gross decreases - tax positions in prior period(337)— — 
Settlements(287)— (63)
Lapse of statute of limitations(512)(34)(19)
Currency(54)(24)10 
Balance at end of year$10,811 $10,113 $9,850 
At March 31, 2024, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits of $10.8 million, all of which, if recognized, would favorably affect the Company's effective tax rate. The Company does not expect its unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly over the next 12 months.
The Company's policy for recording interest and penalties associated with tax examinations is to record such items as a component of operating expense income before taxes. For the year ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively, in penalty and interest related to unrecognized tax benefits.
Utilization of the Company's net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards can become subject to a substantial annual limitation due to the ownership change limitations provided by Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. Such an annual limitation could result in the expiration or elimination of the net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards before utilization. The Company has performed an analysis of its changes in ownership under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code as well as with respect to the net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards inherited as part of the Fuze acquisition. The Company currently expects the Section 382 limitation to apply with respect to the Fuze carryforwards and limit the Company’s ability to fully utilize the Fuze net operating loss carryforwards, prior to their expiration.
The Company files United States federal and state income tax returns in jurisdictions with varying statutes of limitations. Due to the Company’s net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, the fiscal years 2003 and forward generally remain subject to examination by federal and most state tax authorities.