THE COMPANY AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
THE COMPANY AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	THE COMPANY AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES THE COMPANY 8x8, Inc. ("8x8" or the "Company") was incorporated in California in February 1987 and was reincorporated in Delaware in December 1996. The Company is a leading Software-as-a-Service ("SaaS") provider of contact center, voice, video, chat, and enterprise-class API solutions powered by one global cloud communications platform. 8x8 empowers workforces worldwide by connecting individuals and teams so they can collaborate faster and work smarter from anywhere. 8x8 provides real-time business analytics and intelligence, giving its customers unique insights across all interactions and channels on its platform, so they can support a distributed and hybrid working model while delighting their end-customers and accelerating their business. A majority of all revenue is generated from communication services subscriptions and platform usage. The Company also generates revenue from sales of hardware and professional services, which are complementary to the delivery of its integrated technology platform. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND CONSOLIDATION The Company's fiscal year ends on March 31 of each calendar year. Each reference to a fiscal year in these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements refers to the fiscal year ended March 31 of the calendar year indicated (for example, fiscal 2022 refers to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022). All dollar amounts herein are in thousands of United States Dollars ("Dollars") unless otherwise noted. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of 8x8 and its subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. ACQUISITIONS In January 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Fuze, Inc. ("Fuze"), a provider of cloud-based, unified communications and contact center services. The acquisition is expected to accelerate 8x8 XCaaS™ (eXperience Communications as a Service™) innovation and expand 8x8’s enterprise customer base and global presence. See Note 12, "Acquisitions," in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion. USE OF ESTIMATES The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles generally ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and equity, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including, but not limited to, those related to current expected credit losses, returns reserve for expected cancellations, fair value of and/or potential impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, capitalized internal-use software costs, benefit period for deferred commissions, stock-based compensation, incremental borrowing rate used to calculate operating lease liabilities, income and sales tax liabilities, convertible senior notes fair value, litigation, and other contingencies. The Company bases its estimates on known facts and circumstances, historical experience, and various other assumptions. Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. REVENUE RECOGNITION As described below, significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with the recognition of revenue. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of our revenue if management were to make different judgments or utilize different estimates. The Company recognizes revenue using the five-step model prescribed by U.S. GAAP, as follows: •identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; •identification of the performance obligations in the contract; •determination of the transaction price; •allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and •recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company identifies performance obligations in contracts with customers, which may include subscription services and related usage, product revenue, and professional services. The transaction price is determined based on the amount we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for transferring the promised services or products to the customer. The transaction price in the contract is allocated to each distinct performance obligation in an amount that represents the relative amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for satisfying each performance obligation. Revenue is recognized when performance obligations are satisfied, based on the transaction price, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties such as sales and telecommunication taxes, which are collected on behalf of and remitted to governmental authorities. We generally bill our customers on a monthly basis. Contracts typically range from annual to multi-year agreements with payment terms of net 30 days. We occasionally allow a 30-day period to cancel a subscription and return products shipped for a full refund. The Company records reductions to revenue for estimated sales returns and customer credits at the time the related revenue is recognized. Sales returns and customer credits are estimated based on historical experience, current trends, and expectations regarding future experience. The Company monitors the accuracy of its sales reserve estimates by reviewing actual returns and credits and adjusts them for its future expectations to determine the adequacy of its current and future reserve needs. If actual future returns and credits differ from past experience, additional reserves may be required. When the Company's services do not meet certain service level commitments, customers are entitled to receive service credits, and in certain cases, refunds, each representing a form of variable consideration. The Company historically has not experienced any significant incidents affecting the defined levels of reliability and performance as required by its subscription contracts. Accordingly, the amount of any estimated refunds related to these agreements in the consolidated financial statements is not material during the periods presented. Judgments and Estimates The estimation of variable consideration for each performance obligation requires the Company to make subjective judgments. The Company has service-level agreements with customers warranting defined levels of uptime reliability and performance. Customers may get credits or refunds if the Company fails to meet such levels. If the services do not meet certain criteria, fees are subject to adjustment or refund representing a form of variable consideration. The Company may impose minimum revenue commitments ("MRC") on its customers at the inception of the contract. Thus, in estimating variable consideration for each of these performance obligations, the Company assesses both the probability of MRC occurring and the collectability of the MRC, both of which represent a form of variable consideration. The Company enters into contracts with customers that regularly include promises to transfer multiple services and products, such as subscriptions, products, and professional services. For arrangements with multiple services, the Company evaluates whether the individual services qualify as distinct performance obligations. In its assessment of whether a service is a distinct performance obligation, the Company determines whether the customer can benefit from the service on its own or with other readily available resources, and whether the service is separately identifiable from other services in the contract. This evaluation requires the Company to assess the nature of each individual service offering and how the services are provided in the context of the contract, including whether the services are significantly integrated, highly interrelated, or significantly modify each other, which may require judgment based on the facts and circumstances of the contract. When agreements involve multiple distinct performance obligations, the Company allocates arrangement consideration to all performance obligations at the inception of an arrangement based on the relative standalone selling prices ("SSP") of each performance obligation. Usage fees deemed to be variable consideration meet the allocation exception for variable consideration. Where the Company has standalone sales data for its performance obligations which are indicative of the price at which the Company sells a promised good or service separately to a customer, such data is used to establish SSP. In instances where standalone sales data is not available for a particular performance obligation, the Company estimates SSP by the use of observable market and cost-based inputs. The Company continues to review the factors used to establish list price and will adjust standalone selling price methodologies as necessary on a prospective basis. Service Revenue Service revenue from subscriptions to the Company's cloud-based technology platform is recognized ratably over the contractual subscription term, beginning on the date that the platform is delivered to the customer until the end of the contractual period. Payments received in advance of subscription services being rendered are recorded as deferred revenue; revenues recognized for services rendered in advance of payments received are recorded as contract assets. Usage fees, when bundled, are billed in advance and recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contractual subscription term, which is usually the monthly contractual billing period. Non-bundled usage fees are recognized as actual usage occurs. Other Revenue Other revenue comprises primarily of product revenue and professional services revenue. The Company recognizes product revenue for telephony equipment at the point in time when transfer of control has occurred, which is generally upon shipment. Sales returns are recorded as a reduction to revenue estimated based on historical experience. Professional services for deployment, configuration, system integration, optimization, customer training, or education are primarily billed on a fixed-fee basis and are performed by the Company directly. Professional services revenue is recognized as services are performed or upon completion of the deployment. Contract Assets Contract assets are recorded for contract consideration not yet invoiced but for which the performance obligations are completed. The revenue is recognized when the customer receives services or equipment for a reduced consideration at the onset of an arrangement, for example, when the initial month's services or equipment are discounted. Contract assets are included in other current assets or other assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets, depending on if their reduction will be recognized during the succeeding twelve-month period or beyond. Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue represents billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognition and are recognized upon transfer of control. Balances consist primarily of annual plan subscription services and professional and training services not yet provided as of the balance sheet date. Revenue that will be recognized during the twelve month period in which the Company is providing services are recorded as deferred revenue, current in the consolidated balance sheets, with the remainder recorded as other liabilities, non-current in the Company's consolidated balance sheets. Deferred Sales Commission Costs Sales commissions are considered incremental and recoverable costs of acquiring customer contracts. These costs are capitalized as deferred sales commission costs and amortized on a straight-line basis over the anticipated benefit period of five years. The benefit period was estimated by taking into consideration the length of customer contracts, technology lifecycle, and other factors. This amortization expense is recorded in sales and marketing expense within the Company's consolidated statement of operations. The Company applies a practical expedient that permits it to apply an anticipated benefit period to a portfolio of contracts, instead of on a contract-by-contract basis, as they are similar in their characteristics, and the financial statement effects of that application to the portfolio would not differ materially from applying it to the individual contracts within that portfolio. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND INVESTMENTS The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Investments in debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value, based either upon quoted prices in active markets, quoted prices in less active markets, or quoted market prices for similar investments, with unrealized gains and losses, net of related tax, if any, included in other comprehensive income (loss) and disclosed as a separate component of stockholders' equity. Realized gains and losses on sales of all such investments are reported within the caption of other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations and computed using the specific identification method. The Company classifies its investments as short-term or long-term based on the nature of the investments and their availability for use in current operations. The Company's investments in debt securities are monitored on a periodic basis for impairment. In the event the carrying value of an investment exceeds its fair value and the decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded and a new cost basis for the investment is established. These available-for-sale investments are primarily held in the custody of two major financial institutions. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The Company accounts for allowance for credit losses under the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) impairment model for its financial assets, including accounts receivable, and presents the net amount of the financial instrument expected to be collected. The CECL impairment model requires an estimate of expected credit losses, measured over the contractual life of an instrument, that considers forecasts of future economic conditions in addition to information about past events and current conditions. Based on this model, the Company estimates the amount of uncollectible accounts receivable at the end of each reporting period based on the aging of the receivable balance, current and historical customer trends, communications with its customers, and macro-economic conditions. Amounts are written off after considerable collection efforts have been made and the amounts are determined to be uncollectible. OPERATING LEASE, RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS, AND LEASE LIABILITIES The Company primarily leases facilities for office and data center space under non-cancellable operating leases for its United States and international locations that expire at various dates through 2030. For leases with a term greater than 12 months, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Variable lease payments are not included in the lease payments to measure the lease liability and are expensed as incurred. The Company’s leases have remaining terms of one to nine years. Some of the leases include a Company option to extend the lease term for less than 12 months to five years, or more, which if reasonably certain to be exercised, the Company includes in the determination of lease payments. The lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. As most of the Company's leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement, which is determined using a portfolio approach, based on the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over a similar term. The Company uses the implicit rate when a rate is readily determinable. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recognized on the Company's consolidated balance sheets, and the expense for these short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method. Estimated useful lives of three years are used for equipment, capitalized internal-use software, and software development costs, and five years for furniture and fixtures. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed using the shorter of the remaining facility lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvements. Maintenance, repairs, and ordinary replacements are charged to expense. Expenditures for improvements that extend the physical or economic life of the property are capitalized. Gains or losses on the disposition of property and equipment are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. Construction in progress primarily relates to costs to acquire or internally develop internal-use software not fully completed as of March 31, 2022 and 2021. CAPITALIZED INTERNAL-USE SOFTWARE COSTS Certain costs of software developed or obtained for internal use is capitalized during the application development stage. The Company begins to capitalize costs to develop software when preliminary development efforts are successfully completed, management has authorized and committed project funding, it is probable that the project will be completed, and the software will be used as intended. Capitalized internal-use software development costs are included in property and equipment. Once the project has been completed, these costs are amortized to cost of service revenue on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the related asset, generally estimated to be three years. Costs incurred prior to meeting these criteria together with costs incurred for training and maintenance are expensed as incurred and recorded in research and development expense. The Company tests capitalized internal-use software development costs for impairment on an annual basis, or as events occur or circumstances change that could impact the recoverability of the capitalized costs. ACCOUNTING FOR LONG-LIVED ASSETS The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, right-of-use assets, definite lived intangibles, or capitalized internal-use software costs, when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Examples of such events could include a disposal of a significant portion of such asset, an adverse change in the market involving the business employing the related asset, or a significant change in the operation or use of an asset. The assessment of possible impairment is based on the Company's ability to recover the carrying value of the asset or asset group from the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) of the related operations. If these cash flows are less than the carrying value of such asset or asset group, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between estimated fair value and carrying value. The measurement of impairment requires management to estimate the fair value of long-lived assets and asset groups through future cash flows. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill represents the excess fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are tested annually for impairment and more often if there is an indicator of impairment. The Company performs testing for impairment of goodwill on an annual basis, or as events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the Company’s single reporting unit below its carrying amount. Goodwill is considered impaired if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value. Intangible assets, consisting of acquired developed technology, domain names, and customer relationships, acquired in business combinations were initially measured at fair value and were determined to have definite lives. Thereafter, intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense related to developed technology is included in cost of revenue. Amortization expense related to customer relationships and domain names are included in sales and marketing expense. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate an asset’s carrying value may not be recoverable. CONVERTIBLE SENIOR NOTES In accounting for the issuance of the 0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the "Initial Notes", the "First Additional Notes", and the "Second Additional Notes" collectively referred herein as the "Notes"), the Company separates the Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component is calculated by measuring the fair value of similar debt instruments that do not have associated convertible features. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option is determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the respective Notes. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the condition for equity classification. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount (“debt discount”) is amortized to interest expense over the term of the Notes. The Company allocates the issuance costs incurred to the liability and equity components of the Notes based on their relative fair values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were recorded as a reduction to the liability portion of the Notes and are amortized as interest expense over the term of the Notes. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component, representing the conversion option,are netted with the equity component in stockholders' equity. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs, third-party development and related work, software and equipment costs necessary for us to conduct our product and platform development and engineering efforts, and allocated IT and facilities costs. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. ADVERTISING COSTS Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and were $3.4 million, $9.0 million, and $32.2 million for the years ended March 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION The Company has determined that the functional currency of each of its foreign subsidiaries is the subsidiary's local currency. The Company believes that this most appropriately reflects the current economic facts and circumstances of the subsidiaries' operations. The assets and liabilities of the subsidiaries are translated at the applicable exchange rate as of the end of the balance sheet period and revenue and expense amounts are translated at an average rate over the period presented. Resulting currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss within the stockholder's equity. SEGMENT INFORMATION The Company has determined that its chief executive officer is the chief operating decision maker (the "CODM"). The chief executive officer reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of assessing performance and making decisions on how to allocate resources. Following the acquisition of Fuze in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company considered whether the CODM changed the manner in which financial results were reviewed. Financial results continue to be presented on a consolidated basis, and do not present separately the revenues and costs related to Fuze on a stand-alone basis. The Company continued to conclude that it has one reporting unit, and it operates in a single reportable segment. CONCENTRATIONS Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, investments, and trade accounts receivable. The Company has cash equivalents and investment policies that limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution and restrict placement of these funds to financial institutions evaluated as highly credit-worthy. The Company has not experienced any material losses relating to its investments. The Company sells its products to customers and distributors. The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers' financial condition and generally does not require collateral from its customers. As of, and for the years ended, March 31, 2022 and 2021, no customer accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable or revenues. The Company purchases all of its hardware products from suppliers that manufacture the hardware directly and from their distributors. The inability of any supplier to fulfill supply requirements of the Company could materially impact future operating results, financial position, or cash flows. The Company also relies primarily on third-party network service providers to provide telephone numbers and public switched telephone network ("PSTN") call termination and origination services for its customers. If these service providers failed to perform their obligations to the Company, such failure could materially impact future operating results, financial position, and cash flows. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal market or the most advantageous market in which it would transact. The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company's assumptions about the factors that market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The standard establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. A financial instrument's categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows: • Level 1 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date. • Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets). • Level 3 applies to assets or liabilities for which fair value is derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable, including the Company's own assumptions. The estimated fair value of financial instruments is determined by the Company using available market information and valuation methodologies considered to be appropriate. The carrying amounts of the Company's cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. The Company's investments are recorded at fair value and convertible senior notes payable are recorded at net carrying value. ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION The Company accounts for the fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) using the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. For new-hire grants and annual refresh grants, one-third of the RSUs typically vest on the first anniversary of the grant date, and the remainder vest on a one-eighth basis quarterly over the subsequent two years. Stock-based compensation cost for RSUs is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period (generally the vesting period), net of forfeitures. The Company accounts for the fair value of performance stock units ("PSUs") using Monte Carlo simulations. The Company estimates the fair value of the rights to acquire stock under its 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) using the Black-Scholes option pricing formula. The ESPP provides for consecutive six-month offering periods with a one-year lookback period and the Company uses its own historical volatility data in the valuation of shares that are purchased under the ESPP. COMPREHENSIVE LOSS Comprehensive loss, as defined, includes all changes in equity (net assets) during a period. The difference between net loss and comprehensive loss is due to foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains or losses on investments classified as available-for-sale. NET LOSS PER SHARE Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders (numerator) by the weighted average number of vested, unrestricted common shares outstanding during the period (denominator). Diluted net loss per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of shares of common stock, plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method unless their effect is anti-dilutive. Dilutive potential common shares include outstanding stock options, ESPP, RSUs and PSUs. RECENTLY ADOPTED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued ASU 2016‑13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as amended, which replaces the existing impairment model with a forward-looking expected loss method. Under this update, on initial recognition and at each reporting period, an entity is required to recognize an allowance that reflects the entity's current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the financial instrument. For trade receivables, loans, and other financial instruments, an entity is required to use a forward-looking expected loss model to recognize credit losses that are probable. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on a modified retrospective basis as of April 1, 2020, through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the Company's beginning accumulated deficit balance; the impact of the adoption was not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), which makes modifications to disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The Company adopted ASU 2018-13 on April 1, 2020. The impact of the adoption was immaterial to the Company's consolidated financial statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), which reduces complexity for the accounting for costs of implementing a cloud computing service arrangement. The Company adopted this guidance on a prospective basis effective April 1, 2020. The impact of the adoption was immaterial to the Company's consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), which enhances and simplifies various aspects of the income tax accounting guidance, including requirements such as tax basis step-up in goodwill obtained in a transaction that is not a business combination, ownership changes in investments, and interim-period accounting for enacted changes in tax law. The amendment will be effective for public companies with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted this guidance on a prospective basis, effective April 1, 2021. The impact of the adoption was immaterial to the Company's consolidated financial statements. In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08 Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which clarifies the accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination. ASU 2021-08 requires the acquirer of a business to measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC 606. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted, and an entity that early adopts should apply the amendments (1) retrospectively to all business combinations for which the acquisition date occurs on or after the beginning of the fiscal year that includes the interim period of early application and (2) prospectively to all business combinations that occur on or after the date of initial application. The Company early adopted ASU 2021-08, effective April 1, 2021 and applied the amendments prospectively. The impact of the adoption was immaterial to the Company's consolidated financial statements. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS NOT YET ADOPTED In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional expedients and exceptions to GAAP guidance on contract modifications to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), which is expected to be discontinued, to alternative reference rates. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), which refines the scope of Topic 848 and clarifies some of its guidance. The Company has elected to apply the amendments prospectively from the first quarter of fiscal 2023. The impact of the adoption is expected to be immaterial to the Company's consolidated financial statements. In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by eliminating two of the three accounting models available for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock. The guidance also addresses how convertible instruments are accounted for in the diluted earnings per share calculation. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, which is fiscal 2023 for the Company; early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this pronouncement on its consolidated financial statements.

The Company is a leading Software-as-a-Service ("SaaS") provider of contact center, voice, video, chat, and enterprise-class API solutions powered by one global cloud communications platform. 8x8 empowers workforces worldwide by connecting individuals and teams so they can collaborate faster and work smarter from anywhere. 8x8 provides real-time business analytics and intelligence, giving its customers unique insights across all interactions and channels on its platform, so they can support a distributed and hybrid working model while delighting their end-customers and accelerating their business. A majority of all revenue is generated from communication services subscriptions and platform usage. The Company also generates revenue from sales of hardware and professional services, which are complementary to the delivery of its integrated technology platform.

The Company's fiscal year ends on March 31 of each calendar year. Each reference to a fiscal year in these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements refers to the fiscal year ended March 31 of the calendar year indicated (for example, fiscal 2022 refers to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022).

In January 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Fuze, Inc. ("Fuze"), a provider of cloud-based, unified communications and contact center services. The acquisition is expected to accelerate 8x8 XCaaS™ (eXperience Communications as a Service™) innovation and expand 8x8’s enterprise customer base and global presence.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles generally ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and equity, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including, but not limited to, those related to current expected credit losses, returns reserve for expected cancellations, fair value of and/or potential impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, capitalized internal-use software costs, benefit period for deferred commissions, stock-based compensation, incremental borrowing rate used to calculate operating lease liabilities, income and sales tax liabilities, convertible senior notes fair value, litigation, and other contingencies. The Company bases its estimates on known facts and circumstances, historical experience, and various other assumptions. Actual results could differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

As described below, significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with the recognition of revenue. Material differences may result in the amount and timing of our revenue if management were to make different judgments or utilize different estimates.

The Company identifies performance obligations in contracts with customers, which may include subscription services and related usage, product revenue, and professional services. The transaction price is determined based on the amount we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for transferring the promised services or products to the customer. The transaction price in the contract is allocated to each distinct performance obligation in an amount that represents the relative amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for satisfying each performance obligation. Revenue is recognized when performance obligations are satisfied, based on the transaction price, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties such as sales and

telecommunication taxes, which are collected on behalf of and remitted to governmental authorities. We generally bill our customers on a monthly basis. Contracts typically range from annual to multi-year agreements with payment terms of net 30 days. We occasionally allow a 30-day period to cancel a subscription and return products shipped for a full refund.

The Company records reductions to revenue for estimated sales returns and customer credits at the time the related revenue is recognized. Sales returns and customer credits are estimated based on historical experience, current trends, and expectations regarding future experience. The Company monitors the accuracy of its sales reserve estimates by reviewing actual returns and credits and adjusts them for its future expectations to determine the adequacy of its current and future reserve needs. If actual future returns and credits differ from past experience, additional reserves may be required.

When the Company's services do not meet certain service level commitments, customers are entitled to receive service credits, and in certain cases, refunds, each representing a form of variable consideration. The Company historically has not experienced any significant incidents affecting the defined levels of reliability and performance as required by its subscription contracts. Accordingly, the amount of any estimated refunds related to these agreements in the consolidated financial statements is not material during the periods presented.

The estimation of variable consideration for each performance obligation requires the Company to make subjective judgments. The Company has service-level agreements with customers warranting defined levels of uptime reliability and performance. Customers may get credits or refunds if the Company fails to meet such levels. If the services do not meet certain criteria, fees are subject to adjustment or refund representing a form of variable consideration. The Company may impose minimum revenue commitments ("MRC") on its customers at the inception of the contract. Thus, in estimating variable consideration for each of these performance obligations, the Company assesses both the probability of MRC occurring and the collectability of the MRC, both of which represent a form of variable consideration.

The Company enters into contracts with customers that regularly include promises to transfer multiple services and products, such as subscriptions, products, and professional services. For arrangements with multiple services, the Company evaluates whether the individual services qualify as distinct performance obligations. In its assessment of whether a service is a distinct performance obligation, the Company determines whether the customer can benefit from the service on its own or with other readily available resources, and whether the service is separately identifiable from other services in the contract. This evaluation requires the Company to assess the nature of each individual service offering and how the services are provided in the context of the contract, including whether the services are significantly integrated, highly interrelated, or significantly modify each other, which may require judgment based on the facts and circumstances of the contract.

When agreements involve multiple distinct performance obligations, the Company allocates arrangement consideration to all performance obligations at the inception of an arrangement based on the relative standalone selling prices ("SSP") of each performance obligation. Usage fees deemed to be variable consideration meet the allocation exception for variable consideration. Where the Company has standalone sales data for its performance obligations which are indicative of the price at which the Company sells a promised good or service separately to a customer, such data is used to establish SSP. In instances where standalone sales data is not available for a particular performance obligation, the Company estimates SSP by the use of observable market and cost-based inputs. The Company continues to review the factors used to establish list price and will adjust standalone selling price methodologies as necessary on a prospective basis.

Service revenue from subscriptions to the Company's cloud-based technology platform is recognized ratably over the contractual subscription term, beginning on the date that the platform is delivered to the customer until the end of the contractual period. Payments received in advance of subscription services being rendered are recorded as deferred revenue; revenues recognized for services rendered in advance of payments received are recorded as contract assets. Usage fees, when bundled, are billed in advance and recognized over time on a ratable basis over the contractual subscription term, which is usually the monthly contractual billing period. Non-bundled usage fees are recognized as actual usage occurs.

The Company recognizes product revenue for telephony equipment at the point in time when transfer of control has occurred, which is generally upon shipment. Sales returns are recorded as a reduction to revenue estimated based on historical experience. Professional services for deployment, configuration, system integration, optimization, customer training, or education are primarily billed on a fixed-fee basis and are performed by the Company directly. Professional services revenue is recognized as services are performed or upon completion of the deployment.

Contract assets are recorded for contract consideration not yet invoiced but for which the performance obligations are completed. The revenue is recognized when the customer receives services or equipment for a reduced consideration at the onset of an arrangement, for example, when the initial month's services or equipment are discounted. Contract assets are included in other current assets or other assets in the Company's consolidated balance sheets, depending on if their reduction will be recognized during the succeeding twelve-month period or beyond.

Deferred revenue represents billings or payments received in advance of revenue recognition and are recognized upon transfer of control. Balances consist primarily of annual plan subscription services and professional and training services not yet provided as of the balance sheet date. Revenue that will be recognized during the twelve month period in which the Company is providing services are recorded as deferred revenue, current in the consolidated balance sheets, with the remainder recorded as other liabilities, non-current in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.

Sales commissions are considered incremental and recoverable costs of acquiring customer contracts. These costs are capitalized as deferred sales commission costs and amortized on a straight-line basis over the anticipated benefit period of five years. The benefit period was estimated by taking into consideration the length of customer contracts, technology lifecycle, and other factors. This amortization expense is recorded in sales and marketing expense within the Company's consolidated statement of operations.

The Company applies a practical expedient that permits it to apply an anticipated benefit period to a portfolio of contracts, instead of on a contract-by-contract basis, as they are similar in their characteristics, and the financial statement effects of that application to the portfolio would not differ materially from applying it to the individual contracts within that portfolio.

Investments in debt securities are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value, based either upon quoted prices in active markets, quoted prices in less active markets, or quoted market prices for similar investments, with unrealized gains and losses, net of related tax, if any, included in other comprehensive income (loss) and disclosed as a separate component of stockholders' equity. Realized gains and losses on sales of all such investments are reported within the caption of other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations and computed using the specific identification method. The Company classifies its investments as short-term or long-term based on the nature of the investments and their availability for use in current operations.

The Company's investments in debt securities are monitored on a periodic basis for impairment. In the event the carrying value of an investment exceeds its fair value and the decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary, an impairment charge is recorded and a new cost basis for the investment is established. These available-for-sale investments are primarily held in the custody of two major financial institutions.

The Company accounts for allowance for credit losses under the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) impairment model for its financial assets, including accounts receivable, and presents the net amount of the financial instrument expected to be collected. The CECL impairment model requires an estimate of expected credit losses, measured over the contractual life of an instrument, that considers forecasts of future economic conditions in addition to information about past events and current conditions. Based on this model, the Company estimates the amount of uncollectible accounts receivable at the end of each reporting period based on the aging of the receivable balance, current and historical customer trends, communications with its customers, and macro-economic conditions. Amounts are written off after considerable collection efforts have been made and the amounts are determined to be uncollectible.

The Company primarily leases facilities for office and data center space under non-cancellable operating leases for its United States and international locations that expire at various dates through 2030. For leases with a term greater than 12 months, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Variable lease payments are not included in the lease payments to measure the lease liability and are expensed as incurred.

The Company’s leases have remaining terms of one to nine years. Some of the leases include a Company option to extend the lease term for less than 12 months to five years, or more, which if reasonably certain to be exercised, the Company includes in the determination of lease payments. The lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

As most of the Company's leases do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement, which is determined using a portfolio approach, based on the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments on a collateralized basis over a similar term. The Company uses the implicit rate when a rate is readily determinable. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method. Estimated useful lives of three years are used for equipment, capitalized internal-use software, and software development costs, and five years for furniture and fixtures. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed using the shorter of the remaining facility lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvements.

Maintenance, repairs, and ordinary replacements are charged to expense. Expenditures for improvements that extend the physical or economic life of the property are capitalized. Gains or losses on the disposition of property and equipment are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.

Certain costs of software developed or obtained for internal use is capitalized during the application development stage. The Company begins to capitalize costs to develop software when preliminary development efforts are successfully completed, management has authorized and committed project funding, it is probable that the project will be completed, and the software will be used as intended.

Capitalized internal-use software development costs are included in property and equipment. Once the project has been completed, these costs are amortized to cost of service revenue on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the related asset, generally estimated to be three years. Costs incurred prior to meeting these criteria together with costs incurred for training and maintenance are expensed as incurred and recorded in research and development expense. The Company tests capitalized internal-use software development costs for impairment on an annual basis, or as events occur or circumstances change that could impact the recoverability of the capitalized costs.

The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets, such as property and equipment, right-of-use assets, definite lived intangibles, or capitalized internal-use software costs, when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Examples of such events could include a disposal of a significant portion of such asset, an adverse change in the market involving the business employing the related asset, or a significant change in the operation or use of an asset. The assessment of possible impairment is based on the Company's ability to recover the carrying value of the asset or asset group from the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) of the related operations. If these cash flows are less than the carrying value of such asset or asset group, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between estimated fair value and carrying value. The measurement of impairment requires management to estimate the fair value of long-lived assets and asset groups through future cash flows.

Goodwill represents the excess fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized but are tested annually for impairment and more often if there is an indicator of impairment.

The Company performs testing for impairment of goodwill on an annual basis, or as events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the Company’s single reporting unit below its carrying amount. Goodwill is considered impaired if the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value.

Intangible assets, consisting of acquired developed technology, domain names, and customer relationships, acquired in business combinations were initially measured at fair value and were determined to have definite lives. Thereafter, intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense related to developed technology is included in cost of revenue. Amortization expense related to customer relationships and domain names are included in sales and marketing expense. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate an asset’s carrying value may not be recoverable.

In accounting for the issuance of the 0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the "Initial Notes", the "First Additional Notes", and the "Second Additional Notes" collectively referred herein as the "Notes"), the Company separates the Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component is calculated by measuring the fair value of similar debt instruments that do not have associated convertible features. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option is determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the respective Notes. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the condition for equity classification. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount (“debt discount”) is amortized to interest expense over the term of the Notes.

The Company allocates the issuance costs incurred to the liability and equity components of the Notes based on their relative fair values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were recorded as a reduction to the liability portion of the Notes and are amortized as interest expense over the term of the Notes. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component, representing the conversion option,are netted with the equity component in stockholders' equity.

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel and related costs, third-party development and related work, software and equipment costs necessary for us to conduct our product and platform development and engineering efforts, and allocated IT and facilities costs. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

The Company has determined that the functional currency of each of its foreign subsidiaries is the subsidiary's local currency. The Company believes that this most appropriately reflects the current economic facts and circumstances of the subsidiaries' operations. The assets and liabilities of the subsidiaries are translated at the applicable exchange rate as of the end of the balance sheet period and revenue and expense amounts are translated at an average rate over the period presented. Resulting currency translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss within the stockholder's equity.

The Company has determined that its chief executive officer is the chief operating decision maker (the "CODM"). The chief executive officer reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of assessing performance and making decisions on how to allocate resources.

Following the acquisition of Fuze in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022, the Company considered whether the CODM changed the manner in which financial results were reviewed. Financial results continue to be presented on a consolidated basis, and do not present separately the revenues and costs related to Fuze on a stand-alone basis.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, investments, and trade accounts receivable. The Company has cash equivalents and investment policies that limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution and restrict placement of these funds to financial institutions evaluated as highly credit-worthy. The Company has not experienced any material losses relating to its investments.

The Company sells its products to customers and distributors. The Company performs credit evaluations of its customers' financial condition and generally does not require collateral from its customers. As of, and for the years ended, March 31, 2022 and 2021, no customer accounted for more than 10% of accounts receivable or revenues.

The Company purchases all of its hardware products from suppliers that manufacture the hardware directly and from their distributors. The inability of any supplier to fulfill supply requirements of the Company could materially impact future operating results, financial position, or cash flows.

The Company also relies primarily on third-party network service providers to provide telephone numbers and public switched telephone network ("PSTN") call termination and origination services for its customers. If these service providers failed to perform their obligations to the Company, such failure could materially impact future operating results, financial position, and cash flows.

The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal market or the most advantageous market in which it would transact.

The Company maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. Observable inputs are inputs that reflect the assumptions market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company's assumptions about the factors that market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.

The standard establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. A financial instrument's categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

• Level 2 applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets).

The estimated fair value of financial instruments is determined by the Company using available market information and valuation methodologies considered to be appropriate. The carrying amounts of the Company's cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. The Company's investments are recorded at fair value and convertible senior notes payable are recorded at net carrying value.

The Company accounts for the fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) using the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of the grant. For new-hire grants and annual refresh grants, one-third of the RSUs typically vest on the first anniversary of the grant date, and the remainder vest on a one-eighth basis quarterly over the subsequent two years.

The Company estimates the fair value of the rights to acquire stock under its 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) using the Black-Scholes option pricing formula. The ESPP provides for consecutive six-month offering periods with a one-year lookback period and the Company uses its own historical volatility data in the valuation of shares that are purchased under the ESPP.

Comprehensive loss, as defined, includes all changes in equity (net assets) during a period. The difference between net loss and comprehensive loss is due to foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains or losses on investments classified as available-for-sale.

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common stockholders (numerator) by the weighted average number of vested, unrestricted common shares outstanding during the period (denominator). Diluted net loss per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of shares of common stock, plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method unless their effect is anti-dilutive. Dilutive potential common shares include outstanding stock options, ESPP, RSUs and PSUs.

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued ASU 2016‑13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as amended, which replaces the existing impairment model with a forward-looking expected loss method. Under this update, on initial recognition and at each reporting period, an entity is required to recognize an allowance that reflects the entity's current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the financial instrument. For trade receivables, loans, and other financial instruments, an entity is required to use a forward-looking expected loss model to recognize credit losses that are probable. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 on a modified retrospective basis as of April 1, 2020, through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the Company's beginning accumulated deficit balance; the impact of the adoption was not material to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), which makes modifications to disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The Company adopted ASU 2018-13 on April 1, 2020. The impact of the adoption was immaterial to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal Use Software (Subtopic 350-40), which reduces complexity for the accounting for costs of implementing a cloud computing service arrangement. The Company adopted this guidance on a prospective basis effective April 1, 2020. The impact of the adoption was immaterial to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740), which enhances and simplifies various aspects of the income tax accounting guidance, including requirements such as tax basis step-up in goodwill obtained in a transaction that is not a business combination, ownership changes in investments, and interim-period accounting for enacted changes in tax law. The amendment will be effective for public companies with fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted this guidance on a prospective basis, effective April 1, 2021. The impact of the adoption was immaterial to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08 Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which clarifies the accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination. ASU 2021-08 requires the acquirer of a business to measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with ASC 606. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted, and an entity that early adopts should apply the amendments (1) retrospectively to all business combinations for which the acquisition date occurs on or after the beginning of the fiscal year that includes the interim period of early application and (2) prospectively to all business combinations that occur on or after the date of initial application. The Company early adopted ASU 2021-08, effective April 1, 2021 and applied the amendments prospectively. The impact of the adoption was immaterial to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, which provides optional expedients and exceptions to GAAP guidance on contract modifications to ease the financial reporting burdens related to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR"), which is expected to be discontinued, to alternative reference rates. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), which refines the scope of Topic 848 and clarifies some of its guidance. The Company has elected to apply the amendments prospectively from the first quarter of fiscal 2023. The impact of the adoption is expected to be immaterial to the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by eliminating two of the three accounting models available for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock. The guidance also addresses how convertible instruments are accounted for in the diluted earnings per share calculation. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, which is fiscal 2023 for the Company; early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this pronouncement on its consolidated financial statements.