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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation known as the TCJA. The TCJA made a number of changes to the federal income tax law that took effect in 2018, including, but not limited to (1) reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from a maximum of 35% to 21%; (2) elimination of the corporate alternative minimum tax; (3) a new limitation on deductible interest expense; (4) the Transition Tax; (5) limitations on the deductibility of certain executive compensation; (6) changes to the bonus depreciation rules for fixed asset additions: and (7) limitations on net operating loss carryovers generated after December 31, 2017, to 80% of taxable income.

 

ASC 740 “Income Taxes” , requires the effects of changes in tax laws to be recognized in the period in which the legislation is enacted. However, due to the complexity and significance of the TCJA's provisions, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 118 (“SAB 118”), which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the TCJA. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the TCJA enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the TCJA for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the TCJA is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the TCJA.

 

At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company has not completed its accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the TCJA; however, the Company has made a reasonable estimate of the effects of the TCJA’s change in the federal rate and revalued its deferred tax assets based on the rates at which they are expected to reverse in the future, which is generally the new 21% federal corporate tax rate plus applicable state tax rate. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded a decrease in deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities of $11.7 million and $0.0 million, respectively, with a corresponding net adjustment to deferred income tax expense of $11.7 million. In addition, in 2017, the Company recognized a deemed repatriation of $0.6 million of deferred foreign income from its Guatemala subsidiary, which did not result in any incremental tax cost after application of foreign tax credits. The Company’s provisional estimates will be adjusted during the measurement period defined under SAB 118, based upon ongoing analysis of data and tax positions along with the new guidance from regulators and interpretations of the law. On an interim basis, the Company estimates an annual effective tax rate and records a quarterly income tax provision in accordance with the estimated annual rate, adjusted accordingly by the tax effect of certain discrete items that arise during the quarter. As the fiscal year progresses, the Company refines its estimated annual effective tax rate based on actual year-to-date results recognized for the year-to-date. This process can result in significant changes to the Company's estimated effective tax rate. When such activity occurs, the income tax provision is adjusted during the quarter in which the estimates are refined and adjusted. As such, the Company’s year-to-date tax provision reflects the estimated annual effective tax rate. These changes, along with adjustments to the Company's deferred taxes and related valuation allowance, may create fluctuation in the overall effective tax rate from period to period.

 

 

During 2017, management assessed available evidence to estimate if sufficient future taxable income will be generated to utilize the existing deferred tax assets. A significant piece of objective negative evidence evaluated was the cumulative losses incurred over the three-year period ended December 31, 2017. The Company was projecting pre-tax income for 2017 until the three months ended December 31, 2017, in which the Company incurred a significant pre-tax loss due to the impairment of goodwill. The Company experienced increased costs of providing services to its customers, as well as decrease in market share resulting from increased competition. Additionally, the Company also projects that 2018 pre-tax profits, if any, may not offset the cumulative three-year pre-tax loss as of December 31, 2017. Based on this evaluation, the Company recorded an additional valuation allowance of $16.7 million against its deferred tax assets during the year ended December 31, 2017. At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance of $21.3 million against its deferred tax assets.

 

The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 differed from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to operating losses that receive no tax benefit as a result of an existing valuation allowances recorded against the Company’s existing tax assets.