EXHIBIT 1

      JOINT FILING AGREEMENT AMONG FRIEDMAN, BILLINGS, RAMSEY GROUP, INC.,
         ERIC F. BILLINGS, EMANUEL J. FRIEDMAN AND W. RUSSELL RAMSEY

     WHEREAS, in accordance with Rule 13d-1(k) under the Securities and
Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Act"),  only one joint  statement and any
amendments  thereto need to be filed whenever one or more persons are
required to file  such a statement or any amendments thereto pursuant to
Section 13(d)of the Act with respect to the same securities, provided that
said persons agree in writing that such statement or amendments thereto is
filed on behalf of each of them;

     NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:

     FRIEDMAN,  BILLINGS, RAMSEY GROUP, INC., ERIC F. BILLINGS,  EMANUEL J.
FRIEDMAN AND W. RUSSELL RAMSEY hereby  agree,  in  accordance  with  Rule
13d-1(k)  under  the Act,  to file a statement  on Schedule  13G  relating
to their ownership of Common Stock of the Issuer and do hereby further
agree that said statement shall be filed on behalf of each of them.

                                     FRIEDMAN, BILLINGS, RAMSEY GROUP, INC.


Dated:   June 12, 2000               By: /s/ EMANUEL J. FRIEDMAN
                                         ---------------------------------
                                         Name:  Emanuel J. Friedman
                                         Title: Chairman




Dated:   June 12, 2000               /s/ ERIC F. BILLINGS
                                        ----------------------------------
                                             Eric F. Billings




Dated:   June 12, 2000               /s/ EMANUEL J. FRIEDMAN
                                        ----------------------------------
                                             Emanuel J. Friedman




Dated:   June 12, 2000               /s/ W. RUSSELL RAMSEY
                                        ----------------------------------
                                             W. Russell Ramsey


Item 9.        Notice of Dissolution of Group:

               Not Applicable


Item 10.       Certification:

               By signing  below I certify that, to the best of my
               knowledge and belief, the securities referred to above were
               acquired and are held in the ordinary course of business and
               were not acquired and are not held for the purpose of or
               with the effect of changing or influencing the control of
               the issuer of the securities and were not acquired and are
               not held in connection with or as a participant in any
               transaction having that purpose or effect.

               In accordance with Rule 13d-4 of the Securities Exchange Act
               of 1934, each of the persons filing this statement expressly
               disclaims the beneficial ownership of the securities covered
               by this statement and the filing of this report shall not be
               construed as an admission by such persons that they are the
               beneficial owners of such securities.

                                    SIGNATURE

     After reasonable inquiry and to the best of my knowledge and belief,
I certify that the information set forth in this statement is true,
complete and correct.


                                        FRIEDMAN, BILLINGS, RAMSEY GROUP, INC.




Dated:   June 12, 2000                  By:
                                          ---------------------------------
                                            Name:  Emanuel J. Friedman
                                            Title: Chairman




Dated:   June 12, 2000
                                         ----------------------------------
                                              Eric F. Billings




Dated:   June 12, 2000
                                         ----------------------------------
                                              Emanuel J. Friedman




Dated:   June 12, 2000
                                         ----------------------------------
                                              W. Russell Ramsey



                             Original Signature Page