	For the Three Months
	Ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Total cost of share-based payment plans	$	1,127	$	10,910
Amounts capitalized in oil and gas properties and equipment	$	286	$	2,100
Amounts charged against income, before income tax benefit	$	841	$	8,810
Amount of related income tax benefit recognized in income before valuation allowance	$	177	$	1,850

2017 Stock Incentive Plan. In April 2017, the Ultra Petroleum Corp. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (“2017 Stock Incentive Plan”) was established by our board of directors (the “Board”) pursuant to which 7.5% of the equity in the Company (on a fully-diluted/fully-distributed basis) is reserved for grants to be made from time to time to the directors, officers, and other employees of the Company (the “Reserve”). During 2017, management incentive plan grants (the “Initial MIP Grants”) were made to members of the Board, officers, and other employees of the Company subject to the conditions and performance requirements provided in the grants, including the limitations that one-third of the Initial MIP Grants will vest, if at all, at such time when the total enterprise value of the Company equals or exceeds $6.0 billion based upon the volume weighted average price of the common stock during a consecutive 30-day period, that one-third of the Initial MIP Grants will vest, if at all, at such time when the total enterprise value of the Company equals or exceeds 110% of $6.0 billion based upon the volume weighted average price of the common stock during a consecutive 30-day period, and, that if any Initial MIP Grants do not vest before April 12, 2023, such Initial MIP Grants shall automatically expire. The balance of the Reserve is available to be granted by the Board from time to time.

In June 2018, each of the Board and the Compensation Committee of the Board (the “Committee”) approved an amendment and restatement of the Ultra Petroleum Corp. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the “A&R Stock Incentive Plan”). The A&R Stock Incentive Plan amends and restates the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan to, among other things:

In July 2018, the Company modified its incentive plan and recipients of the Initial MIP Grants were offered an opportunity to exchange the unvested portion of their Initial MIP Grants for new equity awards of time-based restricted stock units (the “2018 RSUs”) effective July 31, 2018 on a one-for-one basis. All 2018 RSUs are time-based awards and vest in equal tranches on May 25, 2019, May 25, 2020, and May 25, 2021. Under FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation Cost – Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”), the cancellation of an outstanding award of stock-based compensation followed by the issuance of a replacement award is treated as a modification of the original award. The equity award cancellations and subsequent new grants by the Company were considered Type I, probable-to-probable modification in 2018. This type represents modifications where the award was likely to vest prior to modification and is still likely to vest after modification. For these types of modifications, the fair value of the award is assessed both prior to modification and after modification. If the fair value after modification exceeds the fair value prior to modification, incremental expense is generated and recognized over the remaining vesting period.

In March 2019, additional Initial MIP Grants were exchanged for new equity awards of time-based and performance-based restricted stock units. The Company evaluated the cancellation of an outstanding award of stock-based compensation followed by the issuance of a replacement award under ASC 718. For this modification, the fair value of the award is assessed both prior to modification and after modification. Per ASC 718, if the fair value after modification exceeds the fair value prior to modification, incremental expense is generated and recognized over the remaining vesting period.

Long Term Incentive Awards. In 2018 and March 2019, the Board approved long-term incentive awards under the A&R Stock Incentive Plan in order to further align the interests of key employees with shareholders and to give key employees the opportunity to share in the long-term performance of the Company when specific corporate financial and operational goals are achieved. The awards cover a performance period of three years and includes time-based and performance-based measures established by the Committee at the beginning of the three-year period.

Market-Based Condition Awards. When vesting of an award of stock-based compensation is dependent, at least in part, on the value of a company’s total equity, for purposes of FASB ASC 718, the award is considered to be subject to a “market condition”. Because the Company’s total equity value is a component of its enterprise value, the awards based on enterprise value are considered to be subject to a market condition. Unlike the valuation of an award that is subject to a service condition (i.e., time vested awards) or a performance condition that is not related to stock price, FASB ASC 718 requires the impact of the market condition to be considered when estimating the fair value of the award. As a result, we have used a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of the awards that include a market condition.

FASB ASC 718 requires the expense for an award of stock-based compensation that is subject to a market condition that can be attained at any point during the performance period to be recognized over the shorter of (a) the period between the date of grant and the date the market condition is attained, and (b) the award’s derived service period. For purposes of FASB ASC 718, the derived service period represents the duration of the median of the distribution of share price paths on which the market condition is satisfied. That median is the middle share price path (the midpoint of the distribution of paths) on which the market condition is satisfied. The duration is the period of time from the service inception date to the expected date of market condition satisfaction. Compensation expense is recognized regardless of whether the market condition is actually satisfied.

Expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized $0.8 million in pre-tax compensation expense, which is included within General and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recognized $8.8 million in pre-tax compensation expense, of which $8.6 million related to the Initial MIP Grants.