Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Organization	Organization Univest Financial Corporation (the "Corporation") through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Univest Bank and Trust Co. (the "Bank"), is engaged in domestic banking services for individuals, businesses, municipalities and non-profit organizations. The Bank is the parent company of Girard Investment Services, LLC, a full-service registered introducing broker-dealer and a licensed insurance agency, Girard Advisory Services, LLC, a registered investment advisory firm, and Girard Pension Services, LLC, a registered investment advisor, which provides investment consulting and management services to municipal entities. The Bank is also the parent company of Univest Insurance, LLC, an independent insurance agency, and Univest Capital, Inc., an equipment financing business. The Bank's subsidiaries enhance the traditional banking services provided by the Bank. The Bank serves 19 counties in the Southeastern, Central and Western regions of Pennsylvania, three counties in New Jersey and four counties in Maryland. Additionally, the Bank provides banking services to the residents and employees of 10 retirement communities.
Principles of Consolidation	Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including the Bank as the Corporation's primary subsidiary. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation. Assets held by the Corporation in a fiduciary or agency capacity for its customers are not included in the consolidated financial statements since such items are not assets of the Corporation.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes include the fair value measurement of investment securities available-for-sale and the determination of the allowance for credit losses
Earnings per Share	Earnings per Share The Corporation uses the two-class method to calculate earnings per share as the unvested restricted stock awards outstanding under the Corporation's equity incentive plans are participating shares with nonforfeitable rights to dividends. Restricted stock awards granted prior to January 1, 2019 represent participating shares. Restricted stock units granted subsequent to January 1, 2019 do not contain nonforfeitable dividend rights and are therefore not participating shares. Under the two-class method, earnings per common share are computed by dividing the sum of distributed earnings to common shareholders and undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. In applying the two-class method, undistributed earnings are allocated to both common shares and participating securities based on the number of weighted average shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Corporation relate to outstanding stock options and restricted stock units, and are determined using the treasury stock method. Diluted earnings per share reflect additional common shares that would have been outstanding if options on common shares had been exercised and restricted stock units had vested and the hypothetical repurchases of shares to fund such restricted stock units, under the treasury stock method, is less than the average restricted stock units outstanding for the periods presented. The effects of options to issue common stock and unvested restricted stock units are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which the effect would be antidilutive. Antidilutive options are those options with weighted average exercise prices in excess of the weighted average market value. Antidilutive restricted stock units are those with hypothetical repurchases of shares, under the treasury stock method, exceeding the average restricted stock units outstanding for the periods presented.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents The Corporation has defined those items included in the caption "Cash and due from banks" and "Interest-earning deposits with other banks" as cash and cash equivalents. Interest-earning deposits with other banks consist of deposit accounts with other financial institutions. At times, such balances exceed the FDIC limits for insurance coverage.
Investment Securities	Investment Securities Management determines the appropriate classification of debt securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. Securities are classified as investment securities held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost if management has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Securities classified as available-for-sale are those securities that the Corporation intends to hold for an indefinite period of time but not necessarily to maturity. Securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of estimated income taxes. Any decision to sell a security classified as available-for-sale would be based on various factors, including interest rates, changes in the maturity or mix of the Corporation's assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, regulatory capital considerations and other factors. Securities purchased with the intention of recognizing short-term profits are placed in a trading account and are carried at fair value. The Corporation did not have any trading account securities at December 31, 2023 or 2022. Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the expected life of the securities except for premiums on callable debt securities, which are amortized to the next call date. Due to volatility in the financial markets, there is the risk that any future fair value could vary from that disclosed in the accompanying financial statements. Realized gains and losses on the sale of investment securities are recorded on the trade date, determined using the specific identification method, and are included in the consolidated statements of income. The Corporation measures expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities, which are comprised of residential mortgage-backed securities. The Corporation's residential mortgage-backed security holdings are issued by U.S. government entities and agencies and are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses. Held-to-maturity debt securities are typically classified as nonaccrual when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about the further collectability of principal or interest. When held-to-maturity debt securities are placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income is reversed. The Corporation measures expected credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities when the Corporation does not intend to sell, or when it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security's amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For available-for-sale debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Corporation evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, the Corporation considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security or the issuer, among other factors. If this evaluation indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss equal to the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Economic forecast data is utilized to calculate the present value of expected cash flows. The Corporation obtains its forecast data through a subscription to a widely recognized and relied upon company that publishes various forecast scenarios. Management evaluates the various scenarios to determine a reasonable and supportable scenario, and utilizes a single scenario, or a combination of scenarios, in the model. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income. The allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities is included within Investment securities available-for-sale on the consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded within Provision for credit losses on the consolidated statement of income. Losses are charged against the allowance when the Corporation believes the collectability of an available-for-sale security is in jeopardy or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale debt securities totaled $1.1 million at December 31, 2023 and is included within Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. This amount is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses. Available-for-sale debt securities are typically classified as nonaccrual when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about the further collectability of principal or interest. When available-for-sale debt securities are placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income is reversed. Equity securities are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income.
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock, Federal Reserve Bank Stock and Certain Other Investments without Readily Determinable Fair Values	Federal Home Loan Bank Stock, Federal Reserve Bank Stock and Certain Other Investments without Readily Determinable Fair Values At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Bank held $14.9 million in Federal Reserve Bank stock as required by the Federal Reserve Bank. The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB"), and as such, is required to hold FHLB stock as a condition of membership as determined by the FHLB. The Bank is required to hold stock in the FHLB in relation to the level of outstanding borrowings. The Bank held $25.5 million and $18.8 million of FHLB stock at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Because ownership is restricted, the fair values of these investments are not readily determinable. As such, these investments are recorded at cost and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. The Corporation determined there was no impairment of its investments in these stocks at December 31, 2023 or 2022.
Loans Held For Sale	Loans Held for Sale The Corporation may elect the fair value option for loans intended for sale in the secondary market. This election is made on a loan level basis at the time of origination. If the fair value option is not elected, loans held for sale were carried at the lower of aggregate cost or estimated fair value. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, loans held for sale were accounted for under the fair value option. Cash payments and cash receipts resulting from acquisitions and sales of loans are classified as operating cash flows if those loans are acquired specifically for resale. Cash receipts resulting from sales of loans that were not specifically acquired for resale are classified as investing cash inflows regardless of a change in the purpose for holding those loans.
Loans and Leases	Loans and Leases Loans that the Corporation has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at amortized cost, which is the principal amount, net of deferred fees and costs, and the allowance for credit losses. Lease financings are stated at net investment amount, consisting of the present value of lease payments and unguaranteed residual value, plus initial direct costs. A loan or lease is typically classified as nonaccrual when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about the further collectability of principal or interest, even though the loan or lease is currently performing. When a loan or lease is classified as nonaccrual, the accrual of interest on such a loan or lease is discontinued. A loan or lease may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. When a loan or lease is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income is reversed and the amortization of the deferred fees and costs is suspended. Interest payments received on nonaccrual loans and leases are either applied against principal or reported as interest income, according to management's judgment as to the ultimate collectability of principal. Loans and leases are usually restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt. A loan is classified as a modified loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty when a contractual loan modification in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay or a term extension (or a combination thereof) has been granted to an existing borrower experiencing financial difficulties. The goal when modifying a credit is to provide relief to customers experiencing cash flow difficulties. Accruing modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are primarily comprised of loans on which interest is being accrued under the modified terms, and the loans are current or less than 90 days past due. Accrued interest receivable on loans and leases held for investment totaled $25.9 million at December 31, 2023 and was included within Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. This amount is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses. Overdraft deposits are reclassified as loans and are included in the total loans and leases on the balance sheet. Loans and Leases - Prior to ASU No. 2022-02 Adoption A loan or lease is classified as a troubled debt restructuring when a concession has been granted to an existing borrower experiencing financial difficulties. The Corporation grants concessions to existing borrowers primarily related to extensions of interest-only payment periods and, occasionally, payment modifications. These modifications typically are for up to one year. The goal when restructuring a credit is to provide relief to customers experiencing cash flow difficulties. Accruing troubled debt restructured loans are primarily comprised of loans on which interest is being accrued under the restructured terms, and the loans are current or less than 90 days past due.
Loan and Lease Fees	Loan and Lease Fees Fees collected upon loan or lease originations and certain direct costs of originating loans and leases are deferred and recognized over the contractual lives of the related loans and leases as yield adjustments using the interest method. Upon prepayment or other disposition of the underlying loans and leases before their contractual maturities, any associated unearned fees or unamortized costs are recognized. Initial direct costs, comprised of commissions paid that would not have been incurred if the lease had not been obtained, are deferred and amortized over the life of the contract, and are classified within net interest income.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases	Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases The allowance for credit losses ("ACL") on loans and leases is a valuation account that is used to present the net amount expected to be collected on a loan or lease. The ACL on loans and leases is measured on a collective (pooled) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The ACL on loans and leases is adjusted through a provision for credit losses as a charge against, or credit to, earnings. Loans and leases deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the ACL on loans and leases, and any subsequent recoveries are credited to the ACL on loans and leases. Management evaluates the ACL on loans and leases on a quarterly basis and when changes in the reserve are necessary, an adjustment is made. The ACL on loans and leases is included within Allowance for credit losses, loans and leases on the consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the ACL on loans and leases are recorded within Provision for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income. Management utilizes a discounted cash flow ("DCF") model to calculate the present value of the expected cash flows for pools of loans and leases that share similar risk characteristics and compares the results of this calculation to the amortized cost basis of such loans and leases to determine its allowance for credit loss balance. Management uses relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts in calculating its ACL. Historical credit loss experience provides one of the bases for the estimation of expected credit losses. Management determines whether there is a need to make qualitative adjustments to historical loss information by monitoring certain factors including differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics as well as for changes in external or environmental conditions, or other relevant factors. The contractual term used in projecting the cash flows of a loan is based on the maturity date of a loan, and is adjusted for prepayment or curtailment assumptions which may shorten that contractual time period. Options to extend are considered by management in determining the contractual term. The key inputs to the DCF model are (1) probability of default, (2) loss given default, (3) prepayment and curtailment rates, (4) recovery delay, (5) reasonable and supportable economic forecasts, (6) forecast reversion period, (7) expected recoveries on charged off loans, and (8) discount rate. Probability of Default ("PD") In order to incorporate economic factors into forecasting within the DCF model, management uses the Loss Driver method to generate the PD rate inputs. The Loss Driver method analyzes how one or more economic factors change the default rate using a statistical regression analysis. Management selects economic factors for each loan pool that have strong correlations to historical default rates, and reviews the economic factors selected on an annual basis. For the period ended December 31, 2023, the factors management selected were unemployment rate, GDP, and the housing pricing index. Loss Given Default ("LGD") Management uses the Frye Jacobs parameter for determining the LGD input, which is an estimation technique that derives a LGD input from segment specific risk curves that correlates LGD with PD. Prepayment and Curtailment rates Prepayment Rates: Loan and lease level transaction data is used to calculate quarterly prepayment rates using available historical loan and lease level data. Those quarterly rates are annualized and the average of the annualized rates is used in the DCF calculation for fixed payment or term loans. Rates are calculated for each pool. Curtailment Rates: Loan level transaction data is used to calculate annual curtailment rates using available historical loan level data. The average of the historical rates is used in the DCF model for interest only payment or line of credit type loans. Rates are calculated for each pool. Recovery Delay The recovery delay input within the DCF calculation represents an estimate of the period of time between when a modeled default occurs and the ultimate resolution of that default, specifically the portion of that default that does not result in a loss. Management analyzes historical recovery activity on previous default activity to subjectively determine an appropriate recovery delay for each pool. Reasonable and Supportable Forecasts The forecast data used in the DCF model is obtained via a subscription to a widely recognized and relied upon company that publishes various forecast scenarios. Management evaluates the various scenarios to determine a reasonable and supportable scenario and utilizes a single scenario, or a combination of scenarios, in the model. Forecast Reversion Period Management uses forecasts to predict how economic factors will perform and uses a four quarter forecast period as well as a four quarter straight-line reversion period to historical averages (also commonly referred to as the mean reversion period). Expected Recoveries on Charged-off Loans Management performs an analysis to estimate recoveries that could be reasonably expected based on historical experience in order to account for expected recoveries on loans that have already been fully charged-off and are not included in the ACL calculation. Discount Rate The effective interest rate of the underlying loans and leases of the Corporation serves as the discount rate applied to the expected periodic cash flows. Management adjusts the effective interest rate used to discount expected cash flows to incorporate expected prepayments which can be reasonably estimated for each pool. Individual Evaluation Management evaluates individual instruments for expected credit losses when those instruments do not share similar risk characteristics with instruments evaluated using a collective (pooled) basis. Instruments will not be included in both collective and individual analyses. Individual analysis will establish a specific reserve for instruments in scope. All loans on nonaccrual status are individually evaluated for a specific reserve. Management considers a financial asset as collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral, based on management's assessment as of the reporting date. Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The allowance for credit losses incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and is recorded on each asset upon asset origination or acquisition. The starting point for the estimate of the allowance for credit losses is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of receivables to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Corporation uses either a discounted cash flow model or the fair value of collateral method to determine the allowance for credit losses on modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, depending on the accrual status of the account after modification. An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification. Because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are already included in the allowance for credit losses because of the measurement methodologies used to estimate the allowance, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification but will get assessed and updated each quarter as necessary.
Premises and Equipment	Premises and Equipment Land is stated at cost, and premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line method and charged to operating expenses over the estimated useful lives of the assets or, for leasehold improvements, over the shorter of the expected life of the related lease or the remaining estimated useful life of the asset. The estimated useful life for new buildings constructed on land owned is forty years. For new buildings constructed on leased land or land improvements, the estimated useful life is the initial term. The useful life of purchased existing buildings is the estimated remaining useful life at the time of the purchase. Furniture, fixtures and equipment have estimated useful lives ranging from three to ten years. When assets are retired, or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The Corporation accounts for its acquisitions using the purchase accounting method. Purchase accounting requires the total purchase price to be allocated to the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including certain intangible assets that must be recognized. Typically, this allocation results in the purchase price exceeding the fair value of net assets acquired, which is recorded as goodwill. Core deposit intangibles are a measure of the value of checking, money market and savings deposits acquired in business combinations accounted for under the purchase method. Core deposit intangibles are amortized using the sum of the year's digits over their estimated useful lives of up to fifteen years. Customer-related intangibles are the value associated with the existing customer base acquired in business combinations accounted for under the purchase method. Customer-related intangibles are amortized over their estimated useful lives of five to twelve years. The Corporation performs an assessment of goodwill at least on an annual basis or more often if events and circumstances indicate that a goodwill impairment test should be performed. The Corporation also completes an impairment test for other intangible assets on an annual basis or more often if events and circumstances indicate a possible impairment. The Corporation has selected October 31st as the date to perform the annual impairment test. Servicing rights are recognized as separate assets when loans are sold and the servicing rights are retained. Capitalized servicing rights are reported in other intangible assets on the consolidated balance sheets and are amortized into noninterest income in proportion to, and over the period of, estimated net servicing income on a basis similar to the interest method and an accelerated amortization method for loan payoffs. Servicing rights are evaluated for impairment, on a quarterly basis, based upon the estimated fair value of the rights as compared to their amortized cost. The Corporation estimates the fair value of servicing rights using discounted cash flow models that calculate the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The model uses readily available prepayment speed assumptions for the portfolios serviced. The impairment test stratifies servicing assets based on predominant risk characteristics of the underlying financial assets such as the term and interest rate. In conjunction with the impairment test, the Corporation records a valuation allowance when the fair value of the stratified servicing asset is less than amortized cost. Subsequent changes in the valuation of the assets are recorded as either an increase or a reduction of the valuation allowance, however, if the fair value exceeds amortized cost, such excess will not be recognized.
Bank Owned Life Insurance	Bank Owned Life Insurance The Corporation has invested in bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI"). BOLI involves the purchasing of life insurance by the Corporation for certain employees. The Corporation is the owner and beneficiary of the policies, however certain policies include split-dollar endorsements. Under these endorsements, beneficiaries of the insured individuals are entitled to a portion of the proceeds from the policy upon death of the insured. The life insurance investment is carried at the net cash surrender value of the underlying policies. Changes in the net cash surrender value of these policies are reflected in noninterest income. Proceeds from and purchases of bank-owned life insurance are reflected on the consolidated statements of cash flows under investing activities. The Corporation recognizes a liability for the future death benefit for certain endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangements that provide an employee with a death benefit in a postretirement period.
Other Real Estate Owned	Other Real Estate Owned Other real estate owned ("OREO") represents properties that the Corporation has acquired through foreclosure by either accepting a deed in lieu of foreclosure, or by taking possession of assets that were used as loan collateral. The Corporation reports OREO at the lower of cost or fair value less cost to sell, adjusted periodically based on current appraisals, letters of intent, or agreements of sale. Capital improvement expenses associated with the construction or repair of the property are capitalized as part of the cost of the OREO asset. Write-downs and any gain or loss upon the sale of OREO is recorded in Other income. OREO is reported in Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
Retirement Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits	Retirement Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits Substantially all employees who were hired before December 8, 2009 are covered by a non-contributory retirement plan. Effective December 31, 2009, the benefits previously accrued under the non-contributory retirement plan were frozen and the plan was amended and converted to a cash balance plan, with participants not losing any pension benefits already earned in the plan. Prior to the cash balance plan conversion, the plan provided benefits based on a formula of each participant's final average pay. Future benefits under the cash balance plan accrue by crediting participants annually with an amount equal to a percentage of earnings in that year based on years of credited service as defined in the plan. Employees hired on or after December 8, 2009 are not eligible to participate in the non-contributory retirement plan. The Corporation also maintains a non-qualified benefit plan that provides supplemental executive retirement benefits to certain former executives, a portion of which is in excess of limits imposed on qualified plans by federal tax law. This non-qualified benefit plan is not offered to new participants and all current participants are now retired. The Corporation provides certain postretirement healthcare and life insurance benefits for retired employees. The Corporation's measurement date for plan assets and obligations is fiscal year-end. The Corporation recognizes on its consolidated balance sheet the funded status of its defined pension plans and changes in the funded status of the plan in the year in which the changes occur. An under-funded position would create a liability and an over-funded position would create an asset, with a correlating deferred tax asset or liability. The net impact would be an adjustment to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The Corporation recognizes as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, the actuarial gains and losses and the prior service costs and credits that arise during the period. The Corporation sponsors a 401(k) deferred salary savings plan, which is a qualified defined contribution plan, and which covers all employees of the Corporation and its subsidiaries, and provides that the Corporation make matching contributions as defined by the plan. The Corporation sponsors a Supplemental Non-Qualified Pension Plan, which was established in 1981 prior to the existence of 401(k) deferred salary savings, employee stock purchase and long-term incentive plans, and therefore is not offered to new participants. All current participants are now retired. This non-qualified plan is accounted for under guidance for deferred compensation arrangements.
Derivative Financial Instruments	Derivative Financial Instruments The Corporation recognizes all derivative financial instruments on its consolidated balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives that are not hedges must be adjusted to fair value through income. If a derivative is a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities, or firm commitments through earnings, or recognized in other comprehensive income until the underlying transaction is recognized in earnings. To determine fair value, the Corporation uses third-party pricing models that incorporate assumptions about market conditions and risks that are current at the reporting date. The Corporation may use interest-rate swap agreements to modify interest rate characteristics from variable to fixed or fixed to variable in order to reduce the impact of interest rate changes on future net interest income. The Corporation accounts for its interest-rate swap contracts in cash flow hedging relationships by establishing and documenting the effectiveness of the instrument in offsetting the change in cash flows of assets or liabilities that are being hedged. To determine effectiveness, the Corporation performs an analysis to identify if changes in fair value of the derivative correlate to the equivalent changes in the forecasted interest receipts related to a specified hedged item. Recorded amounts related to interest-rate swaps are included in other assets or liabilities. The entire change in the fair values of the derivative instruments designated as hedges of future cash flows are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income until the underlying forecasted transactions occur, at which time the deferred gains and losses are recognized in interest income. In a fair value hedge, the entire change in the fair values of the interest rate swap and hedged item included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness is recorded in interest income. The Corporation performs an assessment, both at the inception of the hedge and quarterly thereafter, to determine whether these derivatives are highly effective in offsetting changes in the value of the hedged items. The Corporation has agreements with third-party financial institutions whereby the third-party financial institution enters into interest rate derivative contracts with loan customers referred to them by the Corporation. By the terms of the agreements, the third-party financial institution has recourse to the Corporation for any exposure created under each swap contract in the event the customer defaults on the swap agreement and the agreement is in a paying position to the third-party financial institution. The Corporation records the fair value of credit derivatives in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation recognizes changes in the fair value of credit derivatives, net of any fees received, in other noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income. In connection with its mortgage banking activities, the Corporation enters into commitments to originate certain fixed-rate residential mortgage loans for customers, also referred to as interest rate locks. In addition, the Corporation enters into forward commitments for the future sale of mortgage loans to third-party investors to hedge the effect of changes in interest rates on the value of the interest rate locks. Forward loan sale commitments may also be in the form of commitments to sell individual mortgage loans at a fixed price at a future date. Both the interest rate locks and the forward loan sale commitments are accounted for as derivatives and carried at fair value. Gross derivative assets and liabilities are recorded within other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair value during the period recorded within the net gain on mortgage banking activities on the consolidated statements of income.
Off-balance Sheet Commitments and Reserve For Unfunded Commitments	Off-balance Sheet Commitments and Reserve for Unfunded Commitments Commitments are made to accommodate the financial needs of customers. The Corporation uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet financial instruments. The Corporation maintains a reserve for off-balance sheet credit exposures that are currently unfunded. Management calculates funding rates using historical loan level data at the portfolio level. The current quarter's funding rate is subtracted from the maximum historical funding rate which is then applied to each pool's total non-cancellable available line of credit. The applicable ACL pool level loss rates for the current quarter are then applied to calculate the reserve for unfunded commitments liability each period. The reserve for off-balance sheet credit exposures is included within Accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the reserve for off-balance sheet credit exposures are recorded within Provision for credit losses on the consolidated statement of income.
Lease Liabilities and Right-of-Use Assets	Lease Liabilities and Right-of-Use Assets The Corporation and its subsidiaries are obligated under non-cancelable operating leases for premises for certain financial centers and other office locations. The Corporation determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception by assessing whether a contract contains a right to control an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. For purposes of calculating operating lease liabilities, lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Corporation will exercise that option and begins when the Corporation has control and possession of the leased property, which may be before rental payments are due under the lease. Right-of use assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments, discounted using the Corporation's incremental borrowing rate, over the lease term at the possession date. The Corporation determines its incremental borrowing rate using publicly available information available for debt issuers with similar credit ratings as the Bank, as the substantial majority of the Corporation's leases are related to properties of the Bank. The Corporation separately accounts for lease and non-lease components such as property taxes, insurance, and maintenance costs. Operating lease expense for the Corporation's leases, which generally have escalating rental payments over the term of the lease, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Most leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms generally containing one or more five-year renewal options. At December 31, 2023, the Corporation's leases have remaining terms of 17 months to 20 years.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes There are two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income taxes approximates cash to be paid or refunded for taxes for the applicable period. Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences between amounts reported for financial statement and tax purposes. Deferred income taxes are computed using the asset and liability method, such that deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between financial reporting amounts and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities based on currently enacted tax laws and tax rates in effect for the periods in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are subject to management's judgment based upon available evidence that future taxes are "more likely than not" to be realized. If management determines that the Corporation is not more likely than not to realize some or all of the net deferred tax asset in the future, a charge to income tax expense may be required to reduce the value of the net deferred tax asset to the expected realizable value. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Penalties are recorded in noninterest expense in the year they are assessed and paid and are treated as a nondeductible expense for tax purposes. Interest is recorded in noninterest expense in the year it is assessed and paid and is treated as a deductible expense for tax purposes.
Stock-Based Compensation	Stock-Based Compensation The fair value of share-based awards is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period, on a straight-line basis, based on the grant-date fair value of the awards. The fair value of restricted stock is equivalent to the fair value of the Corporation's common stock on the date of grant. The Corporation grants performance-based and service-based restricted stock. The performance-based restricted stock vests based upon the Corporation's performance with respect to certain financial measures over a three-year period and based on the passage of time. The service-based restricted stock vests based on the passage of time. The fair value of restricted stock is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period and for performance-based restricted stock is adjusted for a probability factor of achieving the performance goals.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition The Corporation's revenue is the sum of net interest income and noninterest income. Revenues are recognized when obligations under the terms of contracts with customers are satisfied, including the transfer of control of the promised goods or services to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Corporation expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Corporation provides services to customers which have related performance obligations that are completed to recognize revenue. The Corporation's revenues are generally recognized either immediately upon the completion of the services or over time as the services are performed. Any services performed over time generally require services to be rendered each period and therefore progress in completing these services is measured based upon the passage of time.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements	Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023 In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures." The amendments eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors that have adopted CECL and enhance the disclosure requirements for modifications of receivables made with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments require disclosure of current period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases in the existing vintage disclosures. This ASU became effective on January 1, 2023 for the Corporation. The adoption of this ASU resulted in updated disclosures within our financial statements but otherwise did not have a material impact on the Corporation's financial statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Yet to Be Adopted In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02, "Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force)". This ASU allows entities to elect the proportional amortization method, on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis, for all equity investments in tax credit programs meeting the eligibility criteria in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 323-740-25-1. While the ASU does not significantly alter the existing eligibility criteria, it does provide clarifications to address existing interpretive issues. It also prescribes specific information reporting entities must disclose about tax credit investments each period. This ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023, for public business entities, or January 1, 2024 for the Corporation. The Corporation does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on the Corporation's financial statements. In July 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-03, "Presentation Of Financial Statements (Topic 205), Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity (Topic 480), Equity (Topic 505), And Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718)". This ASU amends or supersedes various SEC paragraphs within the codification to conform to past SEC announcements and guidance issued by the SEC. The ASU does not provide new guidance and therefore there is no transition or effective date for implementation. In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-06, "Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative". This ASU amends the disclosure or presentation requirements related to various subtopics in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The amendments in this ASU are expected to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of Codification Topics, allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC's existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements, and align the requirements in the Codification with the SEC's regulations. For entities subject to the SEC's existing disclosure requirements and for entities required to file or furnish financial statements with or to the SEC in preparation for the sale of or for purposes of issuing securities that are not subject to contractual restrictions on transfer, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC removes that related disclosure from its rules. For all other entities, the amendments will be effective two years later. However, if by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the related disclosure from its regulations, the amendments will be removed from the Codification and not become effective for any entity. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures". This ASU improves reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023, for public business entities, or January 1, 2024 for the Corporation. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation does not expect the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on the Corporation's financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures". This ASU enhances annual income tax disclosures to address investor requests for more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This ASU also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. This ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024, for public business entities. For all other business entities, the amendments will be effective one year later. The Corporation does not expect the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on the Corporation's financial statements.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Univest Financial Corporation (the "Corporation") through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Univest Bank and Trust Co. (the "Bank"), is engaged in domestic banking services for individuals, businesses, municipalities and non-profit organizations. The Bank is the parent company of Girard Investment Services, LLC, a full-service registered introducing broker-dealer and a licensed insurance agency, Girard Advisory Services, LLC, a registered investment advisory firm, and Girard Pension Services, LLC, a registered investment advisor, which provides investment consulting and management services to municipal entities. The Bank is also the parent company of Univest Insurance, LLC, an independent insurance agency, and Univest Capital, Inc., an equipment financing business. The Bank's subsidiaries enhance the traditional banking services provided by the Bank.

The Bank serves 19 counties in the Southeastern, Central and Western regions of Pennsylvania, three counties in New Jersey and four counties in Maryland. Additionally, the Bank provides banking services to the residents and employees of 10 retirement communities.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, including the Bank as the Corporation's primary subsidiary. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current-year presentation. Assets held by the Corporation in a fiduciary or agency capacity for its customers are not included in the consolidated financial statements since such items are not assets of the Corporation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("U.S. GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes include the fair value measurement of investment securities available-for-sale and the determination of the allowance for credit losses

Earnings per Share

The Corporation uses the two-class method to calculate earnings per share as the unvested restricted stock awards outstanding under the Corporation's equity incentive plans are participating shares with nonforfeitable rights to dividends. Restricted stock awards granted prior to January 1, 2019 represent participating shares. Restricted stock units granted subsequent to January 1, 2019 do not contain nonforfeitable dividend rights and are therefore not participating shares. Under the two-class method, earnings per common share are computed by dividing the sum of distributed earnings to common shareholders and undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. In applying the two-class method, undistributed earnings are allocated to both common shares and participating securities based on the number of weighted average shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Corporation relate to outstanding stock options and restricted stock units, and are determined using the treasury stock method. Diluted earnings per share reflect additional common shares that would have been outstanding if options on common shares had been exercised and restricted stock units had vested and the hypothetical repurchases of shares to fund such restricted stock units, under the treasury stock method, is less than the average restricted stock units outstanding for the periods presented. The effects of options to issue common stock and unvested restricted stock units are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share in periods in which the effect would be antidilutive. Antidilutive options are those options with weighted average exercise prices in excess of the weighted average market value. Antidilutive restricted stock units are those with hypothetical repurchases of shares, under the treasury stock method, exceeding the average restricted stock units outstanding for the periods presented.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Corporation has defined those items included in the caption "Cash and due from banks" and "Interest-earning deposits with other banks" as cash and cash equivalents. Interest-earning deposits with other banks consist of deposit accounts with other financial institutions. At times, such balances exceed the FDIC limits for insurance coverage.

Investment Securities

Management determines the appropriate classification of debt securities at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. Securities are classified as investment securities held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost if management has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. Securities classified as available-for-sale are those securities that the Corporation intends to hold for an indefinite period of time but not necessarily to maturity. Securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of estimated income taxes. Any decision to sell a security classified as available-for-sale would be based on various factors, including interest rates, changes in the maturity or mix of the Corporation's assets and liabilities, liquidity needs, regulatory capital considerations and other factors. Securities purchased with the intention of recognizing short-term profits are placed in a trading account and are carried at fair value. The Corporation did not have any trading account securities at December 31, 2023 or 2022.

Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the expected life of the securities except for premiums on callable debt securities, which are amortized to the next call date. Due to volatility in the financial markets, there is the risk that any future fair value could vary from that disclosed in the accompanying financial statements. Realized gains and losses on the sale of investment securities are recorded on the trade date, determined using the specific identification method, and are included in the consolidated statements of income.

The Corporation measures expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities, which are comprised of residential mortgage-backed securities. The Corporation's residential mortgage-backed security holdings are issued by U.S. government entities and agencies and are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses.

Held-to-maturity debt securities are typically classified as nonaccrual when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about the further collectability of principal or interest. When held-to-maturity debt securities are placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income is reversed.

The Corporation measures expected credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities when the Corporation does not intend to sell, or when it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell, the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security's amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For available-for-sale debt securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the Corporation evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, the Corporation considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and adverse conditions specifically related to the security or the issuer, among other factors. If this evaluation indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss equal to the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost basis. Economic forecast data is utilized to calculate the present value of expected cash flows. The Corporation obtains its forecast data through a subscription to a widely recognized and relied upon company that publishes various forecast scenarios. Management evaluates the various scenarios to determine a reasonable and supportable scenario, and utilizes a single scenario, or a combination of scenarios, in the model. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income.

The allowance for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities is included within Investment securities available-for-sale on the consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded within Provision for credit losses on the consolidated statement of income. Losses are charged against the allowance when the Corporation believes the collectability of an available-for-sale security is in jeopardy or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met.

Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale debt securities totaled $1.1 million at December 31, 2023 and is included within Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. This amount is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses. Available-for-sale debt securities are typically classified as nonaccrual when the contractual

payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about the further collectability of principal or interest. When available-for-sale debt securities are placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income is reversed.

Equity securities are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock, Federal Reserve Bank Stock and Certain Other Investments without Readily Determinable Fair Values

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Bank held $14.9 million in Federal Reserve Bank stock as required by the Federal Reserve Bank. The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB"), and as such, is required to hold FHLB stock as a condition of membership as determined by the FHLB. The Bank is required to hold stock in the FHLB in relation to the level of outstanding borrowings. The Bank held $25.5 million and $18.8 million of FHLB stock at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Because ownership is restricted, the fair values of these investments are not readily determinable. As such, these investments are recorded at cost and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. The Corporation determined there was no impairment of its investments in these stocks at December 31, 2023 or 2022.

Loans Held For Sale

Loans Held for Sale

The Corporation may elect the fair value option for loans intended for sale in the secondary market. This election is made on a loan level basis at the time of origination. If the fair value option is not elected, loans held for sale were carried at the lower of aggregate cost or estimated fair value. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, loans held for sale were accounted for under the fair value option. Cash payments and cash receipts resulting from acquisitions and sales of loans are classified as operating cash flows if those loans are acquired specifically for resale. Cash receipts resulting from sales of loans that were not specifically acquired for resale are classified as investing cash inflows regardless of a change in the purpose for holding those loans.

Loans and Leases

Loans that the Corporation has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at amortized cost, which is the principal amount, net of deferred fees and costs, and the allowance for credit losses. Lease financings are stated at net investment amount, consisting of the present value of lease payments and unguaranteed residual value, plus initial direct costs.

A loan or lease is typically classified as nonaccrual when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about the further collectability of principal or interest, even though the loan or lease is currently performing. When a loan or lease is classified as nonaccrual, the accrual of interest on such a loan or lease is discontinued. A loan or lease may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. When a loan or lease is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income is reversed and the amortization of the deferred fees and costs is suspended. Interest payments received on nonaccrual loans and leases are either applied against principal or reported as interest income, according to management's judgment as to the ultimate collectability of principal. Loans and leases are usually restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.

A loan is classified as a modified loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty when a contractual loan modification in the form of principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay or a term extension (or a combination thereof) has been granted to an existing borrower experiencing financial difficulties. The goal when modifying a credit is to provide relief to customers experiencing cash flow difficulties. Accruing modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are primarily comprised of loans on which interest is being accrued under the modified terms, and the loans are current or less than 90 days past due.

Accrued interest receivable on loans and leases held for investment totaled $25.9 million at December 31, 2023 and was included within Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet. This amount is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses.

Overdraft deposits are reclassified as loans and are included in the total loans and leases on the balance sheet.

Loans and Leases - Prior to ASU No. 2022-02 Adoption

A loan or lease is classified as a troubled debt restructuring when a concession has been granted to an existing borrower experiencing financial difficulties. The Corporation grants concessions to existing borrowers primarily related to extensions of interest-only payment periods and, occasionally, payment modifications. These modifications typically are for up to one year. The goal when restructuring a credit is to provide relief to customers experiencing cash flow difficulties. Accruing troubled debt restructured loans are primarily comprised of loans on which interest is being accrued under the restructured terms, and the loans are current or less than 90 days past due.

Loan and Lease Fees

Fees collected upon loan or lease originations and certain direct costs of originating loans and leases are deferred and recognized over the contractual lives of the related loans and leases as yield adjustments using the interest method. Upon prepayment or other disposition of the underlying loans and leases before their contractual maturities, any associated unearned fees or unamortized costs are recognized. Initial direct costs, comprised of commissions paid that would not have been incurred if the lease had not been obtained, are deferred and amortized over the life of the contract, and are classified within net interest income.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases

The allowance for credit losses ("ACL") on loans and leases is a valuation account that is used to present the net amount expected to be collected on a loan or lease. The ACL on loans and leases is measured on a collective (pooled) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The ACL on loans and leases is adjusted through a provision for credit losses as a charge against, or credit to, earnings. Loans and leases deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the ACL on loans and leases, and any subsequent recoveries are credited to the ACL on loans and leases. Management evaluates the ACL on loans and leases on a quarterly basis and when changes in the reserve are necessary, an adjustment is made. The ACL on loans and leases is included within Allowance for credit losses, loans and leases on the consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the ACL on loans and leases are recorded within Provision for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income.

Management utilizes a discounted cash flow ("DCF") model to calculate the present value of the expected cash flows for pools of loans and leases that share similar risk characteristics and compares the results of this calculation to the amortized cost basis of such loans and leases to determine its allowance for credit loss balance.

Management uses relevant available information, from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts in calculating its ACL. Historical credit loss experience provides one of the bases for the estimation of expected credit losses. Management determines whether there is a need to make qualitative adjustments to historical loss information by monitoring certain factors including differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics as well as for changes in external or environmental conditions, or other relevant factors.

The contractual term used in projecting the cash flows of a loan is based on the maturity date of a loan, and is adjusted for prepayment or curtailment assumptions which may shorten that contractual time period. Options to extend are considered by management in determining the contractual term.

The key inputs to the DCF model are (1) probability of default, (2) loss given default, (3) prepayment and curtailment rates, (4) recovery delay, (5) reasonable and supportable economic forecasts, (6) forecast reversion period, (7) expected recoveries on charged off loans, and (8) discount rate.

Probability of Default ("PD")

In order to incorporate economic factors into forecasting within the DCF model, management uses the Loss Driver method to generate the PD rate inputs. The Loss Driver method analyzes how one or more economic factors change the default rate using a statistical regression analysis. Management selects economic factors for each loan pool that have strong correlations to historical default rates, and reviews the economic factors selected on an annual basis. For the period ended December 31, 2023, the factors management selected were unemployment rate, GDP, and the housing pricing index.

Loss Given Default ("LGD")

Management uses the Frye Jacobs parameter for determining the LGD input, which is an estimation technique that derives a LGD input from segment specific risk curves that correlates LGD with PD.

Prepayment and Curtailment rates

Prepayment Rates: Loan and lease level transaction data is used to calculate quarterly prepayment rates using available historical loan and lease level data. Those quarterly rates are annualized and the average of the annualized rates is used in the DCF calculation for fixed payment or term loans. Rates are calculated for each pool.

Curtailment Rates: Loan level transaction data is used to calculate annual curtailment rates using available historical loan level data. The average of the historical rates is used in the DCF model for interest only payment or line of credit type loans. Rates are calculated for each pool.

Recovery Delay

The recovery delay input within the DCF calculation represents an estimate of the period of time between when a modeled default occurs and the ultimate resolution of that default, specifically the portion of that default that does not result in a loss. Management analyzes historical recovery activity on previous default activity to subjectively determine an appropriate recovery delay for each pool.

Reasonable and Supportable Forecasts

The forecast data used in the DCF model is obtained via a subscription to a widely recognized and relied upon company that publishes various forecast scenarios. Management evaluates the various scenarios to determine a reasonable and supportable scenario and utilizes a single scenario, or a combination of scenarios, in the model.

Forecast Reversion Period

Management uses forecasts to predict how economic factors will perform and uses a four quarter forecast period as well as a four quarter straight-line reversion period to historical averages (also commonly referred to as the mean reversion period).

Expected Recoveries on Charged-off Loans

Management performs an analysis to estimate recoveries that could be reasonably expected based on historical experience in order to account for expected recoveries on loans that have already been fully charged-off and are not included in the ACL calculation.

Discount Rate

The effective interest rate of the underlying loans and leases of the Corporation serves as the discount rate applied to the expected periodic cash flows. Management adjusts the effective interest rate used to discount expected cash flows to incorporate expected prepayments which can be reasonably estimated for each pool.

Individual Evaluation

Management evaluates individual instruments for expected credit losses when those instruments do not share similar risk characteristics with instruments evaluated using a collective (pooled) basis. Instruments will not be included in both collective and individual analyses. Individual analysis will establish a specific reserve for instruments in scope. All loans on nonaccrual status are individually evaluated for a specific reserve.

Management considers a financial asset as collateral-dependent when the debtor is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral, based on management's assessment as of the reporting date.

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The allowance for credit losses incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and is recorded on each asset upon asset origination or acquisition. The starting point for the estimate of the allowance for credit losses is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of receivables to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Corporation uses either a discounted cash flow model or the fair value of collateral method to determine the allowance for credit losses on modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, depending on the accrual status of the account after modification. An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a

modification. Because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are already included in the allowance for credit losses because of the measurement methodologies used to estimate the allowance, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification but will get assessed and updated each quarter as necessary.

Premises and Equipment

Land is stated at cost, and premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line method and charged to operating expenses over the estimated useful lives of the assets or, for leasehold improvements, over the shorter of the expected life of the related lease or the remaining estimated useful life of the asset. The estimated useful life for new buildings constructed on land owned is forty years. For new buildings constructed on leased land or land improvements, the estimated useful life is the initial term. The useful life of purchased existing buildings is the estimated remaining useful life at the time of the purchase. Furniture, fixtures and equipment have estimated useful lives ranging from three to ten years. When assets are retired, or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The Corporation accounts for its acquisitions using the purchase accounting method. Purchase accounting requires the total purchase price to be allocated to the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, including certain intangible assets that must be recognized. Typically, this allocation results in the purchase price exceeding the fair value of net assets acquired, which is recorded as goodwill. Core deposit intangibles are a measure of the value of checking, money market and savings deposits acquired in business combinations accounted for under the purchase method. Core deposit intangibles are amortized using the sum of the year's digits over their estimated useful lives of up to fifteen years. Customer-related intangibles are the value associated with the existing customer base acquired in business combinations accounted for under the purchase method. Customer-related intangibles are amortized over their estimated useful lives of five to twelve years. The Corporation performs an assessment of goodwill at least on an annual basis or more often if events and circumstances indicate that a goodwill impairment test should be performed. The Corporation also completes an impairment test for other intangible assets on an annual basis or more often if events and circumstances indicate a possible impairment. The Corporation has selected October 31st as the date to perform the annual impairment test.

Servicing rights are recognized as separate assets when loans are sold and the servicing rights are retained. Capitalized servicing rights are reported in other intangible assets on the consolidated balance sheets and are amortized into noninterest income in proportion to, and over the period of, estimated net servicing income on a basis similar to the interest method and an accelerated amortization method for loan payoffs. Servicing rights are evaluated for impairment, on a quarterly basis, based upon the estimated fair value of the rights as compared to their amortized cost. The Corporation estimates the fair value of servicing rights using discounted cash flow models that calculate the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The model uses readily available prepayment speed assumptions for the portfolios serviced. The impairment test stratifies servicing assets based on predominant risk characteristics of the underlying financial assets such as the term and interest rate. In conjunction with the impairment test, the Corporation records a valuation allowance when the fair value of the stratified servicing asset is less than amortized cost. Subsequent changes in the valuation of the assets are recorded as either an increase or a reduction of the valuation allowance, however, if the fair value exceeds amortized cost, such excess will not be recognized.

Bank Owned Life Insurance

The Corporation has invested in bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI"). BOLI involves the purchasing of life insurance by the Corporation for certain employees. The Corporation is the owner and beneficiary of the policies, however certain policies include split-dollar endorsements. Under these endorsements, beneficiaries of the insured individuals are entitled to a portion of the proceeds from the policy upon death of the insured. The life insurance investment is carried at the net cash surrender value of the underlying policies. Changes in the net cash surrender value of these policies are reflected in noninterest income. Proceeds from and purchases of bank-owned life insurance are reflected on the consolidated statements of cash flows under investing activities. The Corporation recognizes a liability for the future death benefit for certain endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangements that provide an employee with a death benefit in a postretirement period.

Other Real Estate Owned

Other real estate owned ("OREO") represents properties that the Corporation has acquired through foreclosure by either accepting a deed in lieu of foreclosure, or by taking possession of assets that were used as loan collateral. The Corporation reports OREO at the lower of cost or fair value less cost to sell, adjusted periodically based on current appraisals, letters of

intent, or agreements of sale. Capital improvement expenses associated with the construction or repair of the property are capitalized as part of the cost of the OREO asset. Write-downs and any gain or loss upon the sale of OREO is recorded in Other income. OREO is reported in Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.

Retirement Plans and Other Postretirement Benefits

Substantially all employees who were hired before December 8, 2009 are covered by a non-contributory retirement plan. Effective December 31, 2009, the benefits previously accrued under the non-contributory retirement plan were frozen and the plan was amended and converted to a cash balance plan, with participants not losing any pension benefits already earned in the plan. Prior to the cash balance plan conversion, the plan provided benefits based on a formula of each participant's final average pay. Future benefits under the cash balance plan accrue by crediting participants annually with an amount equal to a percentage of earnings in that year based on years of credited service as defined in the plan. Employees hired on or after December 8, 2009 are not eligible to participate in the non-contributory retirement plan.

The Corporation also maintains a non-qualified benefit plan that provides supplemental executive retirement benefits to certain former executives, a portion of which is in excess of limits imposed on qualified plans by federal tax law. This non-qualified benefit plan is not offered to new participants and all current participants are now retired. The Corporation provides certain postretirement healthcare and life insurance benefits for retired employees. The Corporation's measurement date for plan assets and obligations is fiscal year-end. The Corporation recognizes on its consolidated balance sheet the funded status of its defined pension plans and changes in the funded status of the plan in the year in which the changes occur. An under-funded position would create a liability and an over-funded position would create an asset, with a correlating deferred tax asset or liability. The net impact would be an adjustment to equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The Corporation recognizes as a component of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, the actuarial gains and losses and the prior service costs and credits that arise during the period.

The Corporation sponsors a 401(k) deferred salary savings plan, which is a qualified defined contribution plan, and which covers all employees of the Corporation and its subsidiaries, and provides that the Corporation make matching contributions as defined by the plan.

The Corporation sponsors a Supplemental Non-Qualified Pension Plan, which was established in 1981 prior to the existence of 401(k) deferred salary savings, employee stock purchase and long-term incentive plans, and therefore is not offered to new participants. All current participants are now retired. This non-qualified plan is accounted for under guidance for deferred compensation arrangements.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Corporation recognizes all derivative financial instruments on its consolidated balance sheet at fair value. Derivatives that are not hedges must be adjusted to fair value through income. If a derivative is a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities, or firm commitments through earnings, or recognized in other comprehensive income until the underlying transaction is recognized in earnings. To determine fair value, the Corporation uses third-party pricing models that incorporate assumptions about market conditions and risks that are current at the reporting date.

The Corporation may use interest-rate swap agreements to modify interest rate characteristics from variable to fixed or fixed to variable in order to reduce the impact of interest rate changes on future net interest income. The Corporation accounts for its interest-rate swap contracts in cash flow hedging relationships by establishing and documenting the effectiveness of the instrument in offsetting the change in cash flows of assets or liabilities that are being hedged. To determine effectiveness, the Corporation performs an analysis to identify if changes in fair value of the derivative correlate to the equivalent changes in the forecasted interest receipts related to a specified hedged item. Recorded amounts related to interest-rate swaps are included in other assets or liabilities. The entire change in the fair values of the derivative instruments designated as hedges of future cash flows are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income until the underlying forecasted transactions occur, at which time the deferred gains and losses are recognized in interest income. In a fair value hedge, the entire change in the fair values of the interest rate swap and hedged item included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness is recorded in interest income. The Corporation performs an assessment, both at the inception of the hedge and quarterly thereafter, to determine whether these derivatives are highly effective in offsetting changes in the value of the hedged items.

The Corporation has agreements with third-party financial institutions whereby the third-party financial institution enters into interest rate derivative contracts with loan customers referred to them by the Corporation. By the terms of the agreements, the third-party financial institution has recourse to the Corporation for any exposure created under each swap contract in the

event the customer defaults on the swap agreement and the agreement is in a paying position to the third-party financial institution. The Corporation records the fair value of credit derivatives in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The Corporation recognizes changes in the fair value of credit derivatives, net of any fees received, in other noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income.

In connection with its mortgage banking activities, the Corporation enters into commitments to originate certain fixed-rate residential mortgage loans for customers, also referred to as interest rate locks. In addition, the Corporation enters into forward commitments for the future sale of mortgage loans to third-party investors to hedge the effect of changes in interest rates on the value of the interest rate locks. Forward loan sale commitments may also be in the form of commitments to sell individual mortgage loans at a fixed price at a future date. Both the interest rate locks and the forward loan sale commitments are accounted for as derivatives and carried at fair value. Gross derivative assets and liabilities are recorded within other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair value during the period recorded within the net gain on mortgage banking activities on the consolidated statements of income.

Off-balance Sheet Commitments and Reserve For Unfunded Commitments

Off-balance Sheet Commitments and Reserve for Unfunded Commitments

Commitments are made to accommodate the financial needs of customers. The Corporation uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance sheet financial instruments. The Corporation maintains a reserve for off-balance sheet credit exposures that are currently unfunded. Management calculates funding rates using historical loan level data at the portfolio level. The current quarter's funding rate is subtracted from the maximum historical funding rate which is then applied to each pool's total non-cancellable available line of credit. The applicable ACL pool level loss rates for the current quarter are then applied to calculate the reserve for unfunded commitments liability each period.

The reserve for off-balance sheet credit exposures is included within Accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Changes in the reserve for off-balance sheet credit exposures are recorded within Provision for credit losses on the consolidated statement of income.

Lease Liabilities and Right-of-Use Assets

The Corporation and its subsidiaries are obligated under non-cancelable operating leases for premises for certain financial centers and other office locations. The Corporation determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception by assessing whether a contract contains a right to control an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. For purposes of calculating operating lease liabilities, lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Corporation will exercise that option and begins when the Corporation has control and possession of the leased property, which may be before rental payments are due under the lease. Right-of use assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of lease payments, discounted using the Corporation's incremental borrowing rate, over the lease term at the possession date. The Corporation determines its incremental borrowing rate using publicly available information available for debt issuers with similar credit ratings as the Bank, as the substantial majority of the Corporation's leases are related to properties of the Bank. The Corporation separately accounts for lease and non-lease components such as property taxes, insurance, and maintenance costs. Operating lease expense for the Corporation's leases, which generally have escalating rental payments over the term of the lease, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Most leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms generally containing one or more five-year renewal options. At December 31, 2023, the Corporation's leases have remaining terms of 17 months to 20 years.

Income Taxes

There are two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income taxes approximates cash to be paid or refunded for taxes for the applicable period. Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences between amounts reported for financial statement and tax purposes. Deferred income taxes are computed using the asset and liability method, such that deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between financial reporting amounts and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities based on currently enacted tax laws and tax rates in effect for the periods in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are subject to management's judgment based upon available evidence that future taxes are "more likely than not" to be realized. If management determines that the Corporation is not more likely than not to realize some or all of the net deferred tax asset in the future, a charge to income tax expense may be required to reduce the value of the net deferred tax asset to the expected realizable value. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Penalties are recorded in noninterest expense in the year they are assessed and paid and are treated as a

nondeductible expense for tax purposes. Interest is recorded in noninterest expense in the year it is assessed and paid and is treated as a deductible expense for tax purposes.

Stock-Based Compensation

The fair value of share-based awards is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period, on a straight-line basis, based on the grant-date fair value of the awards.

The fair value of restricted stock is equivalent to the fair value of the Corporation's common stock on the date of grant. The Corporation grants performance-based and service-based restricted stock. The performance-based restricted stock vests based upon the Corporation's performance with respect to certain financial measures over a three-year period and based on the passage of time. The service-based restricted stock vests based on the passage of time. The fair value of restricted stock is recognized as compensation expense over the vesting period and for performance-based restricted stock is adjusted for a probability factor of achieving the performance goals.

Revenue Recognition

The Corporation's revenue is the sum of net interest income and noninterest income. Revenues are recognized when obligations under the terms of contracts with customers are satisfied, including the transfer of control of the promised goods or services to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Corporation expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Corporation provides services to customers which have related performance obligations that are completed to recognize revenue. The Corporation's revenues are generally recognized either immediately upon the completion of the services or over time as the services are performed. Any services performed over time generally require services to be rendered each period and therefore progress in completing these services is measured based upon the passage of time.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2023

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures." The amendments eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors that have adopted CECL and enhance the disclosure requirements for modifications of receivables made with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments require disclosure of current period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases in the existing vintage disclosures. This ASU became effective on January 1, 2023 for the Corporation. The adoption of this ASU resulted in updated disclosures within our financial statements but otherwise did not have a material impact on the Corporation's financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Yet to Be Adopted

In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02, "Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force)". This ASU allows entities to elect the proportional amortization method, on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis, for all equity investments in tax credit programs meeting the eligibility criteria in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 323-740-25-1. While the ASU does not significantly alter the existing eligibility criteria, it does provide clarifications to address existing interpretive issues. It also prescribes specific information reporting entities must disclose about tax credit investments each period. This ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023, for public business entities, or January 1, 2024 for the Corporation. The Corporation does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on the Corporation's financial statements.

In July 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-03, "Presentation Of Financial Statements (Topic 205), Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), Distinguishing Liabilities From Equity (Topic 480), Equity (Topic 505), And Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718)". This ASU amends or supersedes various SEC paragraphs within the codification to conform to past SEC announcements and guidance issued by the SEC. The ASU does not provide new guidance and therefore there is no transition or effective date for implementation.

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-06, "Disclosure Improvements: Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative". This ASU amends the disclosure or presentation requirements related to various subtopics in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. The amendments in this ASU are expected to clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements of a variety of Codification Topics, allow users to more easily compare entities subject to the SEC's existing disclosures with those entities that were not previously subject to the requirements, and align the requirements in the Codification with the SEC's regulations. For entities subject to the SEC's

existing disclosure requirements and for entities required to file or furnish financial statements with or to the SEC in preparation for the sale of or for purposes of issuing securities that are not subject to contractual restrictions on transfer, the effective date for each amendment will be the date on which the SEC removes that related disclosure from its rules. For all other entities, the amendments will be effective two years later. However, if by June 30, 2027, the SEC has not removed the related disclosure from its regulations, the amendments will be removed from the Codification and not become effective for any entity.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures". This ASU improves reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2023, for public business entities, or January 1, 2024 for the Corporation. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation does not expect the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on the Corporation's financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures". This ASU enhances annual income tax disclosures to address investor requests for more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This ASU also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. This ASU is effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024, for public business entities. For all other business entities, the amendments will be effective one year later. The Corporation does not expect the adoption of this ASU will have a material impact on the Corporation's financial statements.