-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, N+aL89k8o6tmnMX02o/Dr8hopAaoueKrwvFmURzVBoAme575U+kQr6b81yL4yFp6 XBsBBgUv61CIu6hlg02FFg== 0000950117-04-000798.txt : 20040227 0000950117-04-000798.hdr.sgml : 20040227 20040227172127 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000950117-04-000798 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 11 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20031231 FILED AS OF DATE: 20040227 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001022079 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: SERVICES-MEDICAL LABORATORIES [8071] IRS NUMBER: 161387862 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-12215 FILM NUMBER: 04636552 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE MALCOLM AVE CITY: TETERBORO STATE: NJ ZIP: 07608 BUSINESS PHONE: 2013935000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE MALCOLM AVE CITY: TETERBORO STATE: NJ ZIP: 07601 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: CORNING CLINICAL LABORATORIES INC DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 19960903 10-K 1 a37115.txt QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, DC 20549 FORM 10-K [QUEST DIAGNOSTICS LOGO] Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2003 Commission File Number 1-12215 - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED One Malcolm Avenue, Teterboro, NJ 07608 (201) 393-5000 DELAWARE (State of Incorporation) 16-1387862 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT: Title of Each Class Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered Common Stock with attached Preferred Share Purchase Right New York Stock Exchange - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No ----- ----- Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K. [ ] Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes X No ----- ----- As of June 30, 2003, the aggregate market value of the approximately 83 million shares of voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $5.3 billion, based on the closing price on such date of the registrant's Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange. As of February 23, 2004, there were outstanding 103,604,635 shares of Common Stock, $.01 par value. Documents Incorporated by Reference
PART OF FORM 10-K INTO DOCUMENT WHICH INCORPORATED - -------- ------------------ Portions of the registrant's Proxy Statement to be filed by April 29, 2004............................................ Part III
Such Proxy Statement, except for portions thereof, which have been specifically incorporated by reference, shall not be deemed "filed" as part of this report on Form 10-K. PART I ITEM 1. BUSINESS OVERVIEW We are the nation's leading provider of diagnostic testing, information and related services, providing insights that enable physicians, hospitals, managed care organizations and other healthcare professionals to make decisions to improve health. We offer patients and physicians the broadest access to diagnostic laboratory services through our national network of laboratories and patient service centers. We provide interpretive consultation through the largest medical and scientific staff in the industry, with over 300 physicians and Ph.D.'s around the country. We are the leading provider of esoteric testing, including gene-based testing, and testing for drugs of abuse. We are also a leading provider of anatomic pathology services and testing for clinical trials. We empower healthcare organizations and clinicians with state-of-the-art information technology solutions that can improve practice management and patient care. During 2003, we generated net revenues of $4.7 billion and processed over 130 million requisitions for testing. Each requisition form accompanies a patient specimen, indicating the tests to be performed and the party to be billed for the tests. Our customers include physicians, hospitals, managed care organizations, employers, governmental institutions and other commercial clinical laboratories. We currently operate a nationwide network of approximately 1,925 patient service centers, principal laboratories located in more than 30 major metropolitan areas throughout the United States, and approximately 155 smaller "rapid response" laboratories (including, in each case, facilities operated at our joint ventures). We are the only company in our industry to provide full esoteric testing services, including gene-based testing, on both coasts through our Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute facilities, located in San Juan Capistrano, California and Chantilly, Virginia. We also have laboratory facilities in Mexico City, Mexico and San Juan, Puerto Rico and near London, England. We are a Delaware corporation. We sometimes refer to our subsidiaries and ourselves as the "Company". We are the successor to MetPath Inc., a New York corporation that was organized in 1967. From 1982 to 1996, we were a subsidiary of Corning Incorporated, or Corning. On December 31, 1996, Corning distributed all of the outstanding shares of our common stock to the stockholders of Corning. In August 1999, we completed the acquisition of SmithKline Beecham Clinical Laboratories, Inc., or SBCL, which operated the clinical laboratory business of SmithKline Beecham plc, or SmithKline Beecham. Our principal executive offices are located at One Malcolm Avenue, Teterboro, New Jersey 07608, telephone number: (201) 393-5000. Our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, including our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Our Internet website is located at http://www.questdiagnostics.com. THE UNITED STATES CLINICAL LABORATORY TESTING MARKET Clinical laboratory testing is an essential element in the delivery of healthcare services. Physicians use laboratory tests to assist in the detection, diagnosis, evaluation, monitoring and treatment of diseases and other medical conditions. Clinical laboratory testing is generally categorized as clinical testing and anatomic pathology testing. Clinical testing is performed on body fluids, such as blood and urine. Anatomic pathology testing is performed on tissues and other samples, such as human cells. Most clinical laboratory tests are considered routine and can be performed by most commercial clinical laboratories. Tests that are not routine and that require more sophisticated equipment and highly skilled personnel are considered esoteric tests. Esoteric tests, including gene-based tests, are generally referred to laboratories that specialize in performing those tests. We believe that the United States diagnostic testing industry had over $37 billion in annual revenues in 2003. Most laboratory tests are performed by one of three types of laboratories: commercial clinical laboratories; hospital-affiliated laboratories; and physician-office laboratories. In 2003, we believe that hospital-affiliated laboratories performed over one-half of the clinical laboratory tests in the United States, commercial clinical laboratories performed approximately one-third of those tests, and physician-office laboratories performed the balance. The underlying fundamentals of the diagnostic testing industry have improved since the early to mid-1990s, which was a period of declining reimbursement and reduced test utilization. During the early 1990s, the industry was negatively impacted by changes in government regulation and investigations into various billing practices. In addition, the rapid growth of managed care, as a result of the need to reduce overall healthcare costs, and excess laboratory testing capacity, led to revenue and profit declines across the diagnostic testing industry, which in turn led to industry consolidation, particularly among commercial laboratories. As a result of these dynamics, fewer but larger commercial laboratories have emerged, which have greater economies of scale, rigorous programs designed to assure compliance with government billing regulations and other laws, and a more disciplined approach to pricing services. These changes have resulted in improved profitability and a reduced risk of non-compliance with complex government regulations. At the same time, a slowdown in the growth of managed care and decreasing influence by managed care organizations on the ordering of clinical laboratory testing by physicians has contributed to renewed growth in testing volumes and further improvements in profitability since 1999. Partially offsetting these favorable trends have been changes in the United States economy during the last several years, which have resulted in an increase in the number of unemployed and uninsured. In addition, in an attempt to slow the rapidly rising costs of healthcare, employers and healthcare insurers have made design changes to healthcare plans which shift a larger portion of healthcare costs to consumers. We believe these factors have reduced the utilization of healthcare services in general. Orders for laboratory testing are generated from physician offices, hospitals and employers. As such, factors such as the number of unemployed and uninsured and design changes in healthcare plans, which impact the level of employment or the number of physicians' office and hospital visits, will impact the utilization of laboratory testing. We believe the diagnostic testing industry has continued to grow during the last several years despite the slowdown in the United States economy and the changes in healthcare plan design, and that growth will accelerate as the economy improves. In addition, over the longer term, growth is expected to accelerate as a result of the following factors: o general expansion and aging of the United States population; o continuing research and development in the area of genomics and proteomics, which is expected to yield new, more sophisticated and specialized diagnostic tests; o increasing recognition by consumers and payers of the value of early detection and prevention, which can be provided through laboratory testing, as a means to improve health and reduce the overall cost of healthcare; and o increasing affordability of tests due to advances in technology and cost efficiencies. BUSINESS STRATEGY Our mission is to be recognized by our customers and employees as the best provider of comprehensive and innovative diagnostic testing, information and related services. The principal components of this strategy are to: o COMPETE THROUGH PROVIDING THE HIGHEST QUALITY SERVICES: We intend to become recognized as the quality leader in the healthcare services industry. We continue to implement our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives throughout all aspects of our organization. Six Sigma is a management approach that requires a thorough understanding of customer needs and requirements, root cause analysis, process improvements and rigorous tracking and measuring. We have integrated our Six Sigma initiative with our initiative to standardize operations and processes across the Company by adopting identified Company best practices. We plan to continue these initiatives during the next several years and expect that successful implementation of these initiatives will result in measurable improvements in customer satisfaction as well as significant economic benefits. o CAPITALIZE ON OUR LEADING POSITION WITHIN THE LABORATORY TESTING MARKET: We are the leader in the core clinical laboratory testing business offering the broadest national access to clinical laboratory testing services, with facilities in substantially all of the major metropolitan areas in the United States. We currently operate a nationwide network of approximately 1,925 patient service centers, principal laboratories located in more than 30 major metropolitan areas throughout the United States and about 155 smaller "rapid response" laboratories that enable us to serve physicians, managed care organizations, hospitals, employers and other healthcare providers and their patients throughout the United States. We believe that customers will increasingly seek to utilize laboratory testing providers that have a nationwide presence and offer a comprehensive range of services and that, as a result, we will be able to profitably enhance our market position. 2 o CONTINUE TO LEAD INNOVATION: We intend to build upon our reputation as a leading innovator in the clinical laboratory industry by continuing to introduce new tests, technology and services. As the industry leader with the largest and broadest network and the leading provider of esoteric testing, including gene-based testing, we believe that we are the best partner for developers of new technology and tests to introduce their products to the marketplace. Through our relationship with members of the academic community, pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms, and emerging medical technology companies that develop and commercialize novel diagnostics, pharmaceutical and device technologies, we believe that we are one of the leaders in transferring technical innovation to the market (see "Our Services -- New Test Introductions"). We believe that, with the unveiling of the human genome, new genes and the linkages of genes with disease will continue to be discovered at an accelerating pace, leading to research that will result in ever more complex and thorough predictive, diagnostic and therapeutic testing. We believe that we are well positioned to capture much of this growth. We continue to invest in the development and improvement of our information technology products for customers and providers by developing differentiated products that will provide friendlier, easier access to ordering and resulting of laboratory tests and patient-centric information. In February 2003, we launched our proprietary eMaxx'r' Internet portal to physicians nationwide, which enables doctors to order diagnostic tests and review laboratory results online, as well as check patients' insurance eligibility in real time and view clinical information from many sources. o PURSUE STRATEGIC GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES: We intend to continue to leverage our network in order to capitalize on targeted strategic growth opportunities both inside and outside our core clinical laboratory testing business. These opportunities are more fully described under "Strategic Growth Opportunities" and include expanding our gene-based and specialty testing capabilities, developing information technology products for customers and providers, expanding our geographic presence across the United States, and continuing to make selective acquisitions. o LEVERAGE OUR SATISFACTION MODEL: Our approach to conducting business states that satisfied employees lead to satisfied customers, which in turn benefits our stockholders. We regularly survey our employees and customers and follow up on their concerns. We emphasize skills training for all employees and leadership training for our supervisory employees, which includes Six Sigma training to manage high-impact quality improvement projects throughout our organization, and annual compliance training. We are committed to engaging each of our employees with dignity and respect and expect them to treat our customers the same way. We believe that our treatment and training of employees, together with our competitive pay and benefits, helps increase employee satisfaction and performance, thereby enabling us to provide better services to our customers. RECENT ACQUISITIONS On February 28, 2003, we completed the acquisition of Unilab Corporation, or Unilab, the leading commercial clinical laboratory in California. In connection with the acquisition, we issued approximately 7.4 million shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock (including 0.3 million shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock reserved for outstanding stock options of Unilab which were converted upon the completion of the acquisition into options to acquire shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock), paid $297 million in cash and repaid $220 million of debt, representing substantially all of Unilab's then existing outstanding indebtedness. In connection with the acquisition of Unilab, as part of a settlement agreement with the United States Federal Trade Commission, we entered into an agreement to sell to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Inc., or LabCorp, certain assets in northern California for $4.5 million, including the assignment of agreements with four independent physician associations, or IPA, and leases for 46 patient service centers (five of which also serve as rapid response laboratories). Approximately $27 million in annual net revenues were generated by capitated fees under the IPA contracts and associated fee-for-service testing for physicians whose patients use these patient service centers, as well as from specimens received directly from the IPA physicians. We completed the transfer of assets and assignment of the IPA agreements to LabCorp during the third quarter of 2003. As part of the Unilab acquisition, we acquired all of Unilab's operations, including its primary testing facilities in Los Angeles, San Jose and Sacramento, California, approximately 365 patient service centers, 35 rapid response laboratories and approximately 4,100 employees. Following the sale of certain assets to LabCorp, we closed our previously owned clinical laboratory in the San Francisco Bay area and completed the integration 3 of remaining customers in the northern California area to Unilab's laboratories in San Jose and Sacramento. We continue to have two laboratories in the Los Angeles metropolitan area (our facilities in Van Nuys and Tarzana). We plan to open a new regional laboratory in the Los Angeles metropolitan area and then integrate our business in the Los Angeles metropolitan area into the new facility. We expect to incur up to $20 million of costs through 2005 to integrate Unilab and our existing California operations. Upon completion of the Unilab integration, we expect to realize approximately $25 million to $30 million of annual synergies. We expect to achieve this annual rate of synergies by the end of 2005. On April 1, 2002, we acquired American Medical Laboratories, Incorporated, or AML, and an affiliated company of AML, LabPortal, Inc., a provider of electronic connectivity products, in an all-cash transaction valued at approximately $500 million, which included the assumption of approximately $160 million in debt. AML was a national provider of esoteric testing to hospitals and specialty physicians and a leading provider of diagnostic testing services in the Nevada and metropolitan Washington, D.C. markets. The Company's Chantilly, Virginia laboratory, acquired as part of the AML acquisition, has become our primary esoteric testing laboratory and hospital service center for the eastern United States, complementing our Nichols Institute esoteric testing facility in San Juan Capistrano, California. Esoteric testing volumes have been redirected within our national network to provide customers with improved turnaround time and customer service. We have completed the transition of certain routine clinical laboratory testing previously performed in the Chantilly, Virginia laboratory to other testing facilities within our regional laboratory network. Following an acquisition, the integration process requires the dedication of significant management resources, which could result in a loss of momentum in the activities of our business and may cause an interruption of, or deterioration in, our services as a result of the following difficulties, among others: o a loss of key customers or employees; o inconsistencies in standards, controls, procedures and policies between the acquired company and our existing operations may make it more difficult to implement and harmonize company-wide financial, accounting, billing, information and other systems; o failure to maintain the quality of services that the Company has historically provided; o diversion of management's attention from the day-to-day business of our Company as a result of the need to deal with the foregoing disruptions and difficulties; and o the added costs of dealing with such disruptions. Since most of our clinical laboratory testing is performed under arrangements that are terminable at will or on short notice, any interruption of, or deterioration in, our services may also result in a customer's decision to stop using us for clinical laboratory testing. These events could have a material adverse impact on our business. However, management believes that the successful implementation of our integration plans and our value proposition based on expanded patient access, our broad testing capabilities and most importantly, the quality of the services we provide, will mitigate customer attrition. OUR SERVICES Our laboratory testing business consists of routine testing, esoteric testing, and clinical trials testing. Routine testing generates approximately 80% of our net revenues, esoteric and gene-based testing generates approximately 16% of our net revenues, and clinical trials testing generates less than 3% of our net revenues. We derive less than 2% of our net revenues from foreign operations. ROUTINE TESTING Routine tests measure various important bodily health parameters such as the functions of the kidney, heart, liver, thyroid and other organs. Commonly ordered tests include: o blood cholesterol level tests; o complete blood cell counts; o Pap tests; o HIV-related tests; o urinalyses; o pregnancy and other prenatal tests; and o alcohol and other substance-abuse tests. 4 We perform routine testing through our network of major laboratories, rapid response laboratories, or "stat" labs, and patient service centers. We also perform routine testing at the hospital laboratories we manage. Major laboratories offer a full line of routine clinical tests. Rapid response laboratories are local facilities where we can quickly perform an abbreviated group of routine tests for customers that require rapid turnaround times. Patient service centers are facilities where specimens are collected. These centers are typically located in or near a building used by medical professionals. We operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. We perform and report most routine procedures within 24 hours. Most test results are delivered electronically. ESOTERIC TESTING Esoteric tests are those tests that require more sophisticated technology, equipment and materials, professional "hands-on" attention and more highly skilled professional and technical personnel, and may be performed less frequently than routine tests. Because it is not cost-effective for most clinical laboratories to perform a low volume of esoteric tests in-house, they generally refer many of these tests to an esoteric clinical testing laboratory that specializes in performing these more complex tests. Due to their complexity, esoteric tests are generally reimbursed at higher levels than routine tests. Our two esoteric testing laboratories, which conduct business as Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, are among the leading esoteric clinical testing laboratories in the world. In 1998, our esoteric testing laboratory in San Juan Capistrano, California, became the first clinical laboratory in North America to achieve ISO-9001 certification. Our esoteric testing laboratory in Chantilly, Virginia, acquired as part of the AML acquisition, now enables us to provide full esoteric testing services, including gene-based testing, on the east coast. Our two esoteric testing laboratories perform hundreds of esoteric tests that are not routinely performed by our regional laboratories. These esoteric tests are generally in the following fields: o endocrinology and metabolism (the study of glands, their hormone secretions and their effects on body growth and metabolism); o genetics (the study of chromosomes, genes and their protein products and effects); o hematology (the study of blood and bone marrow cells) and coagulation (the process of blood clotting); o immunology (the study of the immune system including antibodies, immune system cells and their effects); o microbiology and infectious diseases (the study of microscopic forms of life including bacteria, viruses, fungi and other infectious agents); o oncology (the study of abnormal cell growth including benign tumors and cancer); o serology (a science dealing with the body fluids and their analysis, including antibodies, proteins and other characteristics); o special chemistry (more sophisticated testing requiring special expertise and technology); and o toxicology (the study of chemicals and drugs and their effects on the body's metabolism). NEW TEST INTRODUCTIONS We intend to build upon our reputation as a leading innovator in the clinical laboratory industry by continuing to introduce new diagnostic tests. As the industry leader with the largest and broadest network and the leading provider of esoteric testing, including gene-based testing, we believe that we are the best partner for developers of new technology and tests to introduce their products to the marketplace. During 2003, we continued to be a leading innovator in the industry through both tests that we developed at Nichols Institute, the largest provider of molecular diagnostic testing in the United States, as well as through relationships with technology developers. During 2003, we developed and introduced: o more than 15 comprehensive panels utilizing our menu of over 100 tests to assist physicians with diagnosis and management of patients with bleeding or blood clotting disorders; o over 15 new infectious disease tests including DNA assays for West Nile and SARS infection; and o a biomarker assay that provides information on recurrence risk and biologic behavior of node negative breast cancer to guide therapy for the 30% of women with node negative disease. 5 During 2003, we inaugurated a molecular endocrinology laboratory, with introduction of the first commercial DNA tests for central and nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (DI), Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), and Thyroid Hormone Resistance (THR). The DI tests bypass the complicated perturbation tests used for differential diagnosis of the several disorders. CAH testing is offered as a DNA analysis for the most common mutations and as a CAH complete gene sequencing for the 60 deleterious mutations known to be associated with this wide spectrum of adrenal function disorders. The THR testing provides definitive diagnosis for children with hypothyroidism of variable extent associated with the defective hormone receptor. Through our relationship with members of the academic community and pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms, as well as our collaboration with emerging medical technology companies that develop and commercialize novel diagnostics, pharmaceutical and device technologies, we believe that we are one of the leaders in transferring technical innovation to the market. During 2003, we entered into a variety of strategic technology arrangements including: o an agreement with Enterix, Inc. under which we have begun to offer the Insure'TM' test, an FDA-cleared fecal immunochemical screening test for colorectal cancer. Unlike other non-invasive colorectal cancer screening technologies, the Insure'TM' test is easy for patients to use and requires no handling of fecal matter; o an agreement with diaDexus under which we are expanding our heart disease test offering through the Lp-PLA2 test, which enables physicians to detect a new risk factor for cardiovascular disease by measuring levels of the enzyme lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2; and o a relationship with Thermo Electron under which we are developing a biochip-based test for the detection of cystic fibrosis (CF) gene mutations during prenatal screening. Through our research and development, marketing and commercial alliance with Roche Diagnostics, we were the first laboratory to offer several new tests developed by Roche, including its Elecsys NT-proBNP test (which aids in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure). Our relationship with Celera Diagnostics gives us access to potentially significant markers for the risk of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the United States, and diabetes. Our relationship with Correlogic Systems has gained access to its new ovarian cancer blood test, which we hope will be available to the marketplace in 2004 and will be the first protein pattern recognition blood test to detect ovarian cancer in women who are already considered high risk. We believe that, with the unveiling of the human genome, new genes and the linkages of genes with disease will continue to be discovered at an accelerating pace, leading to research that will result in ever more complex and thorough predictive, diagnostic and therapeutic testing. We believe that we are well positioned to capture much of this growth. CLINICAL TRIALS TESTING We believe that we are the world's second largest provider of clinical laboratory testing performed in connection with clinical research trials on new drugs in the world. Clinical research trials are required by the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and other international regulatory authorities to assess the safety and efficacy of new drugs. We have clinical trials testing centers in the United States and in England. We also provide clinical trials testing in Australia, Singapore, and South Africa through arrangements with third parties. Clinical trials involving new drugs are increasingly being performed both inside and outside the United States. Approximately 45% of our net revenues from clinical trials testing in 2003 represented testing for GlaxoSmithKline plc, or GSK. We currently have a long-term contractual relationship with GSK, under which we are the primary provider of testing to support GSK's clinical trials testing requirements worldwide. OTHER SERVICES AND PRODUCTS We manufacture and market diagnostic test kits and systems primarily for esoteric testing under the Nichols Institute Diagnostics brand name. These are sold principally to hospitals, clinical laboratories and dialysis centers, both domestically and internationally. Our MedPlus subsidiary is a developer and integrator of clinical connectivity and data management solutions for healthcare organizations and clinicians primarily through its ChartMaxx'r' electronic medical record system. During 2003, we began deploying eMaxx'r', a new physician's Internet portal across the United States. The Internet portal was developed by MedPlus and can provide physicians a "patient-centric" view of laboratory test results and other clinical information on-line. 6 PAYERS AND CUSTOMERS We provide testing services to a broad range of healthcare providers. We consider a "payer" as the party that pays for the test and a "customer" as the party who refers the test to us. Depending on the billing arrangement and applicable law, the payer may be (1) the physician or other party (such as another laboratory or an employer) who referred the testing to us, (2) the patient, or (3) a third party who pays the bill for the patient, such as an insurance company, Medicare or Medicaid. Some states, including New York, New Jersey and Rhode Island, prohibit us from billing physician clients. We consider a managed care organization as both our customer and a payer, when it contracts with us on an exclusive or semi-exclusive basis on behalf of its patients. During 2003, only two customers accounted for more than 5% of our net revenues, and no single customer accounted for more than 7% of our net revenues. We believe that the loss of any one of our customers would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. PAYERS The following table shows current estimates of the breakdown of the percentage of our total volume of requisitions and total clinical laboratory net revenues during 2003 applicable to each payer group:
NET REVENUES AS % OF REQUISITION VOLUME TOTAL CLINICAL AS % OF LABORATORY NET TOTAL VOLUME REVENUES ------------ -------- Patient............................................. 2%- 5% 5%-10% Medicare and Medicaid............................... 15%-20% 15%-20% Physicians, Hospitals, Employers and Other Monthly-Billed Payers............................. 35%-40% 20%-25% Third Party Fee-for-Service......................... 30%-35% 40%-45% Managed Care-Capitated.............................. 10%-15% 5%-10%
CUSTOMERS Physicians Physicians requiring testing for patients are the primary source of our clinical laboratory testing volume. We typically bill physician accounts on a fee-for-service basis. Fees billed to physicians are based on the laboratory's client fee schedule and are typically negotiated. Fees billed to patients and insurance companies are based on the laboratory's patient fee schedule, subject to any limitations on fees negotiated with the insurance companies or with physicians on behalf of their patients. Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements are based on fee schedules set by governmental authorities. Managed Care Organizations and Other Insurance Providers Health insurers, which typically contract with a limited number of clinical laboratories for their members, represent approximately one-half of our total testing volumes and one-half of our net revenues. Larger health insurers typically prefer to use large commercial clinical laboratories because they can provide services on a national or regional basis and can manage networks of local or regional laboratories to provide even broader access to their members and physicians. In addition, larger laboratories are better able to achieve the low-cost structures necessary to profitably service large health insurers and can provide test utilization data across their various plans in a consistent format. In certain markets, such as California, many health insurers delegate their covered members to independent physician associations, which in turn contract with laboratories for clinical laboratory services. Over the last decade, health insurers have been consolidating, resulting in fewer but larger insurers with significant bargaining power in negotiating fee arrangements with healthcare providers, including clinical laboratories. These health insurers demand that clinical laboratory service providers accept discounted fee structures or assume all or a portion of the financial risk associated with providing testing services to their members through capitated payment contracts. Under these capitated payment contracts, the Company and health insurers agree to a predetermined monthly contractual rate for each member of the health insurer's plan regardless of the number or cost of services provided by the Company. Some services, such as various esoteric tests, new technologies and anatomic pathology services, may be carved out from a capitated rate and, if carved 7 out, are charged on a fee-for-service basis. We work closely with health insurers as they evaluate new tests; however, as innovation in the testing area increases, there is no guarantee that health insurers will agree to carve out these services or reimburse them at rates that reflect the true cost or value associated with such services. In recent years, there has been a shift in the way major insurers contract with clinical laboratories. Health insurers have begun to offer more freedom of choice to their affiliated physicians, including greater freedom to determine which laboratory to use and which tests to order. Accordingly, most of our agreements with major health insurers are non-exclusive contracts. As a result, under these non-exclusive arrangements, physicians have more freedom of choice in selecting laboratories, and laboratories are likely to compete more on the basis of service and quality rather than price alone. Also, health insurers have been giving patients greater freedom of choice and patients have increasingly been selecting plans (such as preferred provider organizations and consumer driven plans) that offer a greater choice of providers. Pricing for these preferred provider organizations is typically negotiated on a fee-for-service basis, which generally results in higher revenue per requisition than under a capitated fee arrangement. Despite these trends, health insurers continue to aggressively seek cost reductions in order to keep their premiums to their customers competitive. If we are unable to agree on pricing with a health insurer, we would become a "non-participating" provider and could then only bill the ordering physician or the patient rather than the health insurer. This "non-participating" status could lead to loss of business since the physician is likely to refer testing to a participating provider whose testing is covered by the patient's health insurance benefit plan. We cannot assure investors that we will continue to be successful in negotiating contracts with major insurers. Loss of multiple major insurer or other payer agreements could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We offer QuestNet'TM', an innovative product to develop and manage a customized network of clinical laboratory providers for health insurers. Through QuestNet'TM', physicians and members are provided multiple choices for clinical laboratory testing while health insurers realize cost reductions under a single capitated arrangement. Hospitals We provide services to hospitals throughout the United States that vary from esoteric testing to helping manage their laboratories. We believe that we are the industry's market leader in servicing hospitals. Our hospital customers account for approximately 13% of our net revenues, the majority of which represents services billed to the hospitals under reference testing arrangements, based on negotiated fee schedules, for certain testing that the hospitals do not perform internally. Hospitals generally maintain an on-site laboratory to perform testing on patients and refer less frequently needed and highly specialized procedures to outside laboratories, which typically charge the hospitals on a negotiated fee-for-service basis. We believe that most hospital laboratories perform approximately 90% to 95% of their patients' clinical laboratory tests. In addition, many hospitals compete with commercial clinical laboratories for outreach (non-hospital patients) testing. Most physicians have admitting privileges or other relationships with hospitals as part of their medical practice. Many hospitals leverage their relationships with community physicians and encourage the physicians to send their outreach testing to the hospital's laboratory. In addition, hospitals that own physician practices generally require the physicians to refer tests to the hospital's affiliated laboratory. As a result, hospital-affiliated laboratories can be both customers and competitors for commercial clinical laboratories. During 2002, in conjunction with the acquisition of AML, we launched dedicated sales and service teams focused on serving the unique needs of hospital customers. We believe that the combination of full-service, bi-coastal esoteric testing capabilities, medical and scientific professionals for consultation, innovative connectivity products, focus on Six Sigma quality and dedicated sales and service professionals has positioned us to be a partner of choice for hospital customers. We have joint venture arrangements with leading integrated health delivery networks in several metropolitan areas. These joint venture arrangements, which provide testing for affiliated hospitals as well as for unaffiliated physicians and other healthcare providers in their geographic areas, serve as our principal laboratory facilities in their service areas. Typically, we have either a majority ownership interest in, or day-to-day management responsibilities for, our hospital joint venture relationships. We also manage the laboratories at a number of other hospitals. 8 Employers, Governmental Institutions and Other Clinical Laboratories We provide testing services to federal, state and local governmental agencies and to large employers. We believe that we are the leading provider of clinical laboratory testing to employers for drugs of abuse. We also provide wellness testing to employers to enable employees to take an active role in improving their health. Testing services for employers account for approximately 3% of our net revenues. The volume of testing services for employers, which generally have relatively low profit margins, has declined significantly during 2001 through 2003 driven by a slowdown in hiring. We also perform esoteric testing services for other commercial clinical laboratories that do not have a full range of testing capabilities. All of these customers are charged on a fee-for-service basis. Consumers Consumers are becoming increasingly interested in managing their own health and health records. Currently, almost all the testing we perform is ordered directly by a physician, who then receives the test results. However, over time, we believe that consumers will increasingly want to order clinical laboratory tests themselves. To that end, we offer a focused menu of clinical laboratory testing directly to consumers in certain states. Consumers pay for and receive the test results directly. In each case, a physician reviews the order and result. We believe this market will continue to grow over time. SALES AND MARKETING We market to and service our customers through our direct sales force, customer service and patient service representatives and couriers. We focus our sales efforts on obtaining and retaining profitable accounts. We have an active account management process to evaluate the profitability of all of our accounts. Where appropriate, we change the service levels, terminate accounts that are not profitable or adjust pricing. Our sales force is organized by customer type with the majority of representatives focused on marketing laboratory services to physicians, including specialty physicians such as oncologists, cardiologists and gastroenterologists. Additionally, we have a managed care sales organization that maintains relationships with regional and national insurance and managed care organizations. We also have a hospital sales organization that focuses on meeting the unique needs of hospitals and leverages the specialized capabilities of our Nichols Institute esoteric testing laboratories. Supporting our hospital and physician sales teams are genomics and esoteric testing specialists, who are specially trained and focused on marketing and selling more complex tests to our customers. A smaller portion of our sales force focuses on selling substance-of- abuse testing to employers. Customer service representatives perform a number of services for patients and customers. They monitor services, answer questions and help resolve problems. Our couriers pick up specimens from most clients daily. Our corporate marketing function is organized by customer and is responsible for developing and executing marketing strategies, new product launches, and promotional and advertising support. The marketing function is also responsible for customer satisfaction surveys, market research, tradeshow administration, database marketing tools, and marketplace trending and analysis. STRATEGIC GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES In addition to expanding our core clinical laboratory business through internal growth and pursuing our strategy to become a leading provider of medical information, we intend to continue to leverage our network in order to capitalize on targeted growth opportunities both inside and outside our core laboratory testing business. These opportunities include: o GENE-BASED AND OTHER ESOTERIC TESTS: We intend to remain a leading innovator in the clinical laboratory industry by continuing to introduce new tests, technology and services. We estimate that the current United States market in esoteric testing, including gene-based testing, is $3 billion to $4 billion per year. We believe that we have the largest gene-based testing business in the United States, with greater than $500 million in net revenues during 2003, and that this business has been growing by more than 20% per year. We believe that the unveiling of the human genome, the discovery of new genes and the linkages of these genes with disease will result in more complex and thorough predictive, diagnostic and therapeutic testing. We believe that we are well positioned to realize this growth. We intend to focus on commercializing diagnostic applications of discoveries in the areas of functional genomics (the analysis 9 of genes and their functions) and proteomics (the discovery of new proteins made possible by the human genome project). o ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY: While we are one of the leading providers of anatomic pathology services in the United States, we have traditionally been strongest in cytology, and specifically in the analysis of Pap tests to detect cervical cancer. During the last several years, we have led the industry in converting over 80% of our Pap smear business to the use of liquid-based technology for cervical cancer screening, a higher quality and more profitable product offering. We intend to continue to expand our anatomic pathology business into higher growth segments, including histology (tissue pathology), and actively participate in the emerging use of molecular testing as a screening tool in conjunction with Pap tests. We estimate that the current United States market for anatomic pathology services is approximately $6 billion per year. We estimate that cytology represents about $1 billion per year of this market, and that tissue pathology represents about $5 billion per year of this market. We generated approximately $500 million in net revenues from such services during 2003. o INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: We continue to invest in the development and improvement of information technology products for customers and providers by developing differentiated products that will provide friendlier, easier access to ordering and resulting of laboratory tests and patient-centric information. In February 2003, we launched our proprietary eMaxx'r' Internet portal to physicians nationwide. The eMaxx'r' Internet portal enables doctors to order diagnostic tests and review laboratory results online, as well as check patients' insurance eligibility in real time and view clinical information from many sources. In pilot markets, physicians are also able to use eMaxx'r' to prescribe pharmaceuticals. This service allows us to replace older technology desktop products that we currently provide to many physicians and thereby streamline our support structure. Demand has been growing for our information technology solutions as physician offices have expanded their usage of the Internet. By the end of 2003, we were receiving approximately 25% of all test orders and delivering about 35% of all test results via the Internet. The eMaxx'r' Internet portal was developed by MedPlus Inc., or MedPlus, which we acquired in November 2001. MedPlus' ChartMaxx'r' and eMaxx'r' patient record systems are designed to support the creation and management of electronic patient records, by bringing together in one patient-centric view information from various sources, including the physician's records and laboratory and hospital data. We intend to expand the services offered through our portal over time as other strategic arrangements are realized, which will enhance our ability to introduce a broad range of electronic services to healthcare providers. o SELECTIVE REGIONAL ACQUISITIONS: The clinical laboratory industry remains highly fragmented. We expect to continue to acquire other regional clinical laboratories that can be integrated with our existing laboratories, thereby enabling us to reduce costs and improve efficiencies through the elimination of redundant facilities and equipment, and reductions in personnel (see "Recent Acquisitions" for a discussion of our recent acquisitions). We may also consider acquisitions of ancillary businesses as part of our overall growth strategy, such as our November 2001 acquisition of MedPlus, which develops clinical connectivity products designed to enhance patient care (see "Information Technology"). INFORMATION SYSTEMS Information systems are used extensively in virtually all aspects of our business, including laboratory testing, billing, customer service, logistics, and management of medical data. Our success depends, in part, on the continued and uninterrupted performance of our information technology, or IT systems. Computer systems are vulnerable to damage from a variety of sources, including telecommunications or network failures, malicious human acts and natural disasters. Moreover, despite network security measures, some of our servers are potentially vulnerable to physical or electronic break-ins, computer viruses and similar disruptive problems. Despite the precautionary measures that we have taken to prevent unanticipated problems that could affect our IT systems, sustained or repeated system failures that interrupt our ability to process test orders, deliver test results or perform tests in a timely manner could adversely affect our reputation and result in a loss of customers and net revenues. During the 1980s and early 1990s when we acquired many of our laboratory facilities, our regional laboratories were operated as local, decentralized units, and we did not standardize their billing, laboratory and some of their other information systems. As a result, by the end of 1995 we had many different information 10 systems for billing, test results reporting, and other transactions. Over time, the growth in the size and network of our customers and the increasing complexity of billing demonstrated a greater need for standardized systems. During 2002, we began implementation of a standard laboratory information system and a standard billing system. We expect that deployment of the standardized systems will take several more years to complete and will result in significantly more centralized systems than we have today. We expect the integration of these systems will improve operating efficiency and provide management with more timely and comprehensive information with which to make management decisions. However, failure to properly implement this standardization process could materially adversely impact us. During system conversions of this type, workflow may be re-engineered to take advantage of enhanced system capabilities, which may cause temporary disruptions in service. In addition, the implementation process, including the transfer of databases and master files to new data centers, presents significant conversion risks that need to be managed carefully. BILLING Billing for laboratory services is complicated. Depending on the billing arrangement and applicable law, we must bill various payers, such as patients, insurance companies, Medicare, Medicaid, doctors and employer groups, all of which have different requirements. Additionally, auditing for compliance with applicable laws and regulations as well as internal compliance policies and procedures adds further complexity to the billing process. Among many other factors complicating billing are: o pricing differences between our fee schedules and the reimbursement rates of the payers; o disputes with payers as to which party is responsible for payment; and o disparity in coverage and information requirements among various payers. We incur significant additional costs as a result of our participation in Medicare and Medicaid programs, as billing and reimbursement for clinical laboratory testing is subject to considerable and complex federal and state regulations. These additional costs include those related to: (1) complexity added to our billing processes; (2) training and education of our employees and customers; (3) compliance and legal costs; and (4) costs related to, among other factors, medical necessity denials and advance beneficiary notices. Compliance with applicable laws and regulations, as well as internal compliance policies and procedures, adds further complexity and costs to the billing process. Changes in laws and regulations could negatively impact our ability to bill our clients. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS (formerly the Health Care Financing Administration), establishes procedures and continuously evaluates and implements changes in the reimbursement process. We believe that most of our bad debt expense, which was 4.8% of our net revenues in 2003, is primarily the result of missing or incorrect billing information on requisitions received from healthcare providers rather than credit related issues. In general, we perform the requested tests and report test results regardless of whether the billing information is incorrect or missing. We subsequently attempt to contact the provider to obtain any missing information and rectify incorrect billing information. Missing or incorrect information on requisitions adds complexity to and slows the billing process, creates backlogs of unbilled requisitions, and generally increases the aging of accounts receivable. When all issues relating to the missing or incorrect information are not resolved in a timely manner, the related receivables are written off to the allowance for doubtful accounts. We have implemented "best practices" for billing that have significantly reduced the percentage of requisitions with missing billing information from approximately 16% at the beginning of 1996 to approximately 4% in 2003. These initiatives, together with our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives and progress in dealing with Medicare medical necessity documentation requirements, have significantly reduced bad debt expense as a percentage of net revenues from about 7% during 1996 to 4.8% during 2003. We believe that in the longer term, with a continuing focus on process discipline and the increased use of electronic ordering by our customers, bad debt as a percentage of net revenues can be reduced to 4% or less (see "Regulation of Reimbursement for Clinical Laboratory Services"). COMPETITION While there has been significant consolidation in the clinical laboratory testing business in recent years, our industry remains fragmented and highly competitive. We compete with three types of laboratory providers: hospital-affiliated laboratories, other commercial clinical laboratories and physician-office laboratories. We are the leading clinical laboratory provider in the United States, with net revenues of $4.7 billion during 2003, and facilities in substantially all of the country's major metropolitan areas. Our largest competitor is LabCorp. In 11 addition, we compete with, and service, many smaller regional and local commercial clinical laboratories, as well as laboratories owned by physicians and hospitals (see "Payers and Customers -- Customers"). We believe that healthcare providers consider a number of factors when selecting a laboratory, including: o service capability and quality; o accuracy, timeliness and consistency in reporting test results; o number and type of tests performed by the laboratory; o number, convenience and geographic coverage of patient service centers; o reputation in the medical community; and o pricing. We believe that we compete favorably in each of these areas. We believe that large commercial clinical laboratories may be able to increase their share of the overall clinical laboratory testing market due to their large service networks and lower cost structures. These advantages should enable larger clinical laboratories to more effectively serve large customers, including managed care organizations. In addition, we believe that consolidation in the clinical laboratory testing business will continue. However, a majority of the clinical laboratory testing is likely to continue to be performed by hospitals, which generally have affiliations with community physicians that refer testing to us (see "Payers and Customers -- Customers -- Hospitals"). As a result of these affiliations, we compete against hospital-affiliated laboratories primarily on the basis of service capability and quality as well as other non-pricing factors. Our failure to provide service superior to hospital-affiliated laboratories and other laboratories could negatively impact our net revenues. The diagnostic testing industry is faced with changing technology and new product introductions. Advances in technology may lead to the development of more cost-effective tests that can be performed outside of a commercial clinical laboratory such as (1) point-of-care tests that can be performed by physicians in their offices and (2) home testing that can be performed by patients or by physicians in their offices. Development of such technology and its use by our customers would reduce the demand for our laboratory testing services and negatively impact our net revenues (see "Regulation of Clinical Laboratory Operations"). QUALITY ASSURANCE Our goal is to continually improve the processes for collection, storage and transportation of patient specimens, as well as the precision and accuracy of analysis and result reporting. Our quality assurance efforts focus on proficiency testing, process audits, statistical process control and personnel training for all of our laboratories and patient service centers. We continue to implement our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives to help achieve our goal of becoming recognized as the undisputed quality leader in the healthcare services industry. Our Nichols Institute facility in San Juan Capistrano was the first clinical laboratory in North America to achieve ISO-9001 certification. Two of our clinical trials laboratories, our diagnostic kits facility and one of our routine laboratories have also achieved ISO-9001 certification. These certifications are international standards for quality management systems. INTERNAL PROFICIENCY TESTING, QUALITY CONTROL AND AUDITS. Quality control samples are processed in parallel with the analysis of patient specimens. The results of tests on quality control samples are monitored to identify trends, biases or imprecision in the analytical processes. We also perform internal process audits as part of our comprehensive Quality Assurance program. EXTERNAL PROFICIENCY TESTING AND ACCREDITATION. All of our laboratories participate in various external quality surveillance programs. They include proficiency testing programs administered by the College of American Pathologists, or CAP, as well as some state agencies. CAP is an independent, non-governmental organization of board certified pathologists. CAP is approved by CMS to inspect clinical laboratories to determine compliance with the standards required by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988, or CLIA. CAP offers an accreditation program to which laboratories may voluntarily subscribe. All of our major regional laboratories are accredited by CAP. Accreditation includes on-site inspections and participation in the CAP (or equivalent) proficiency testing program. 12 REGULATION OF CLINICAL LABORATORY OPERATIONS The clinical laboratory industry is subject to significant federal and state regulation, including inspections and audits by governmental agencies. Governmental authorities may impose fines or criminal penalties or take other actions to enforce laws and regulations, including revoking a clinical laboratory's federal certification to operate a clinical laboratory operation. Changes in regulation may increase the costs of performing clinical laboratory tests, increase the administrative requirements of claims or decrease the amount of reimbursement. CLIA AND STATE REGULATION. All of our laboratories and (where applicable) patient service centers are licensed and accredited by the appropriate federal and state agencies. CLIA regulates virtually all clinical laboratories by requiring they be certified by the federal government and comply with various operational, personnel and quality requirements intended to ensure that their clinical laboratory testing services are accurate, reliable and timely. CLIA does not preempt state laws that are more stringent than federal law. For example, state laws may require additional personnel qualifications, quality control, record maintenance and/or proficiency testing. The cost of compliance with CLIA makes it cost prohibitive for many physicians to operate clinical laboratories in their offices. However, manufacturers of laboratory equipment and test kits could seek to increase their sales by marketing point-of-care laboratory equipment to physicians and by selling test kits approved for home use to both physicians and patients. Diagnostic tests approved or cleared by the FDA for home use are automatically deemed to be "waived" tests under CLIA and may be performed in physician office laboratories with minimal regulatory oversight as well as by patients in their homes. DRUG TESTING. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, or SAMHSA, regulates drug testing for public sector employees and employees of certain federally regulated businesses. SAMHSA has established detailed performance and quality standards that laboratories must meet to perform drug testing on these employees. All laboratories that perform such testing must be certified as meeting SAMHSA standards. CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES. The federal Drug Enforcement Administration, or DEA, regulates access to controlled substances used to perform drugs of abuse testing. Laboratories that use controlled substances are licensed by the DEA. MEDICAL WASTE, HAZARDOUS WASTE AND RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS. Clinical laboratories are also subject to federal, state and local regulations relating to the handling and disposal of regulated medical waste, hazardous waste and radioactive materials. We generally use outside vendors to dispose of such waste. FDA. The FDA has regulatory responsibility over instruments, test kits, reagents and other devices used to perform diagnostic testing by clinical laboratories. In the past, the FDA has claimed regulatory authority over laboratory-developed tests, but has exercised enforcement discretion in not regulating most laboratory-developed tests performed by high complexity CLIA-certified laboratories. In December 2000, the Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS, Secretary's Advisory Committee on Genetic Testing recommended that the FDA be the lead federal agency to regulate genetic testing. In late 2002, a new HHS Secretary's Advisory Committee on Genetics, Health and Society was appointed to replace the prior Advisory Committee, but it has not yet made any final recommendations. In the meantime, the FDA is considering revising its regulations on analyte specific reagents, which are used in laboratory-developed tests, including laboratory developed genetic testing. Representatives of clinical laboratories (including Quest Diagnostics) and the American Clinical Laboratory Association (our industry trade association) have met with representatives of the FDA to address industry issues pertaining to potential FDA regulation of genetic testing in general and issues with regard to the impact of potential increased oversight over analyte specific reagents. We expect those discussions to continue. Increased FDA regulation of the reagents used in laboratory-developed testing could lead to increased costs and delays in introducing new tests, including genetic tests. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY. The federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, has established extensive requirements relating specifically to workplace safety for healthcare employers. This includes developing and implementing multi-faceted programs to protect workers from exposure to blood-borne pathogens, such as HIV and hepatitis B and C, including preventing or minimizing any exposure through sharps or needle stick injuries. SPECIMEN TRANSPORTATION. Transportation of most clinical laboratory specimens and hazardous materials is subject to regulation by the Department of Transportation, the Public Health Service, the United States Postal Service and the International Civil Aviation Organization. CORPORATE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. Many states, including some in which our principal laboratories are located, prohibit corporations from engaging in the practice of medicine. The corporate practice of medicine doctrine has been interpreted in certain states to prohibit corporations from employing licensed healthcare professionals to provide services on the corporation's behalf. The scope of the doctrine, and how it applies, 13 varies from state to state. In certain states these restrictions affect our ability to directly provide anatomic pathology services and/or to provide clinical laboratory services directly to consumers. PRIVACY AND SECURITY OF HEALTH INFORMATION; STANDARD TRANSACTIONS Pursuant to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, the Secretary of HHS has issued final regulations designed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the health care system by facilitating the electronic exchange of information in certain financial and administrative transactions while protecting the privacy and security of the information exchanged. Three principal regulations have been issued in final form: privacy regulations, security regulations, and standards for electronic transactions. The HIPAA privacy regulations, which fully came into effect in April 2003, establish comprehensive federal standards with respect to the uses and disclosures of protected health information by health plans, healthcare providers and healthcare clearinghouses. The regulations establish a complex regulatory framework on a variety of subjects, including: o the circumstances under which uses and disclosures of protected health information are permitted or required without a specific authorization by the patient, including but not limited to treatment purposes, activities to obtain payment for our services, and our health care operations activities; o a patient's rights to access, amend and receive an accounting of certain disclosures of protected health information; o the content of notices of privacy practices for protected health information; and o administrative, technical and physical safeguards required of entities that use or receive protected health information. We have implemented the HIPAA privacy regulations, as required by law. The HIPAA privacy regulations establish a "floor" and do not supersede state laws that are more stringent. Therefore, we are required to comply with both federal privacy standards and varying state privacy laws. In addition, for healthcare data transfers relating to citizens of other countries, we need to comply with the laws of other countries. The federal privacy regulations restrict our ability to use or disclose patient-identifiable laboratory data, without patient authorization, for purposes other than payment, treatment or healthcare operations (as defined by HIPAA) except for disclosures for various public policy purposes and other permitted purposes outlined in the final privacy regulations. The privacy regulations provide for significant fines and other penalties for wrongful use or disclosure of protected health information, including potential loss of licensure and civil and criminal fines and penalties. Although the HIPAA statute and regulations do not expressly provide for a private right of damages, we also could incur damages under state laws to private parties for the wrongful use or disclosure of confidential health information or other private personal information. The final HIPAA security regulations, which establish requirements for safeguarding electronic patient information, were published on February 20, 2003 and became effective on April 21, 2003, although healthcare providers have until April 20, 2005 to comply. We are conducting an analysis to determine the proper security measures to reasonably and appropriately comply with the standards and implementation specifications by the compliance deadline of April 20, 2005. The final HIPAA regulations for electronic transactions, which we refer to as the transaction standards, establish uniform standards for electronic transactions and code sets, including the electronic transactions and code sets used for claims, remittance advices, enrollment and eligibility. The transaction standards became effective in October 2002, although covered entities were eligible to obtain a one-year extension if approved through an application to the Secretary of HHS. We received this one-year extension through October 16, 2003 from HHS. HHS issued guidance on July 24, 2003 stating that it would not penalize a covered entity for post-implementation date transactions that are not fully compliant with the transactions standards, if the covered entity could demonstrate its good faith efforts to comply with the standards. HHS' stated purpose for this flexible enforcement position was to "permit health plans to mitigate unintended adverse effects on covered entities' cash flow and business operations during the transition to the standards, as well as on the availability and quality of patient care." We continue to work in good faith to complete the implementation of these standards with those payers who either were not ready to exchange files in the standard formats as of the compliance date, or who have varying interpretations of the requirements. Working with these payers requires that we continue to trade electronic claims files and payments in legacy formats, even after the compliance deadline of October 16, 2003. 14 On September 23, 2003, CMS announced that it would implement a contingency plan for the Medicare program to accept electronic transactions that are not fully compliant with the transaction standards after the October 16, 2003 compliance deadline. The CMS contingency plan, as announced, allows Medicare carriers to continue to accept and process Medicare claims in the pre-October 16 electronic formats to give healthcare providers additional time to complete the testing process, provided that they continue to make a good faith effort to comply with the new standards. Almost all other payers have followed the lead of CMS, accepting legacy formats until both parties to the transactions are ready to implement the new electronic transaction standards. As part of its plan, CMS is expected to regularly reassess the readiness of its healthcare providers to determine how long the contingency plan will remain in effect. Many of our payers were not ready to implement the transaction standards by the October 2003 compliance deadline or were not ready to test or trouble-shoot claims submissions. We are working in good faith with payers that have not converted to the new standards to reach agreement on each payer's data requirements and to test claims submissions. The HIPAA transaction standards are complex, and subject to differences in interpretation by payers. For instance, some payers may interpret the standards to require us to provide certain types of information, including demographic information not usually provided to us by physicians. As a result of inconsistent interpretations of transaction standards by payers or our inability to obtain certain billing information not usually provided to us by physicians, we could face increased costs and complexity, a temporary disruption in receipts and ongoing reductions in reimbursements and net revenues. We are working closely with our payers to establish acceptable protocols for claims submissions and with our trade association and an industry coalition to present issues and problems as they arise to the appropriate regulators and standards setting organizations. Compliance with all of the HIPAA requirements requires significant capital and personnel resources from all healthcare organizations, not just Quest Diagnostics. While we believe that our total costs to comply with HIPAA will not be material to our results of operations or cash flows, the potential need for additional customer contact to obtain data for billing as a result of different interpretations of the current regulations could impose significant additional costs on us. REGULATION OF REIMBURSEMENT FOR CLINICAL LABORATORY SERVICES OVERVIEW. The healthcare industry has experienced significant changes in reimbursement practices during the past several years. Government payers, such as Medicare (which principally serves patients 65 years and older) and Medicaid (which principally serves indigent patients), as well as private payers and large employers, have taken steps and may continue to take steps to control the cost, utilization and delivery of healthcare services, including clinical laboratory services. If we cannot offset additional reductions in the payments we receive for our services by reducing costs, increasing test volume and/or introducing new procedures, it could have a material adverse impact on our net revenues and profitability. On the other hand, we believe that laboratory tests are an effective means to detect certain medical conditions at an earlier point in time, leading to potential reduction in other healthcare costs such as the cost of hospitalization. Principally as a result of government reimbursement reductions and measures adopted by CMS to reduce utilization described below, the percentage of our net revenues derived from Medicare and Medicaid programs declined from approximately 20% in 1995 to approximately 15% in 2002. This percentage increased to approximately 17% in 2003 principally as a result of our acquisition of Unilab, which had a higher percentage of its net revenues derived from Medicare and Medicaid programs. While the cost to comply with Medicare administrative requirements is disproportionately higher than our cost to bill other payers, average Medicare reimbursement rates approximate the Company's overall average reimbursement rate from all sources, making the Medicare business generally less profitable. However, we believe that our other business may significantly depend on continued participation in the Medicare and Medicaid programs, because many customers want a single laboratory to perform all of their clinical laboratory testing services, regardless of whether reimbursements are ultimately made by themselves, Medicare, Medicaid or other payers. Billing and reimbursement for clinical laboratory testing is subject to significant and complex federal and state regulation. Penalties for violations of laws relating to billing federal healthcare programs and for violations of federal fraud and abuse laws include: (1) exclusion from participation in Medicare/Medicaid programs; (2) asset forfeitures; (3) civil and criminal fines and penalties; and (4) the loss of various licenses, certificates and authorizations necessary to operate some or all of a clinical laboratory's business. Civil monetary penalties for a wide range of violations are not more than $10,000 per violation plus three times the amount claimed and, in the case of kickback violations, not more than $50,000 per violation plus up to three times the amount 15 of remuneration involved. A parallel civil remedy under the federal False Claims Act provides for damages not more than $11,000 per violation plus up to three times the amount claimed. REDUCED REIMBURSEMENTS. In 1984, Congress established a Medicare fee schedule payment methodology for clinical laboratory services performed for patients covered under Part B of the Medicare program. Congress then imposed a national ceiling on the amount that carriers could pay under their local Medicare fee schedules. Since then, Congress has periodically reduced the national ceilings. The Medicare national fee schedule limitations were reduced in 1996 to 76% of the 1984 national median of the local fee schedules and in 1998 to 74% of the 1984 national median. The national ceiling applies to tests for which limitation amounts were established before January 1, 2001. For more recent tests (tests for which a limitation amount is first established on or after January 1, 2001), the limitation amount is set at 100% of the median of all the local fee schedules established for that test in accordance with the Social Security Act. The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 eliminated the provision for annual increases to the Medicare national fee schedule based on the consumer price index from 1998 through 2002. A 1.1% increase based on the consumer price index became effective on January 1, 2003. The Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 eliminated for five years (beginning January 1, 2004) the provision for annual increases to the Medicare national fee schedule based on the consumer price index, including the adjustment (which would have been 2.6%) that had been scheduled for January 1, 2004. Thus, by law an adjustment to the national fee schedule for clinical laboratory services based on the consumer price index cannot occur before January 1, 2009. Pathology services are reimbursed by Medicare based on a resource-based relative value scale, or RBRVS, that is periodically updated by CMS. Less than 1% of our net revenues are derived from pathology services reimbursed by Medicare based on RBRVS. With regard to the rest of our laboratory services performed on behalf of Medicare beneficiaries, we must bill the Medicare program directly and must accept the carrier's fee schedule amount as payment in full. In addition, state Medicaid programs are prohibited from paying more (and in most instances, pay significantly less) than Medicare. Major clinical laboratories, including Quest Diagnostics, typically use two fee schedules for tests billed on a fee-for-service basis: o "Client" fees charged to physicians, hospitals, and institutions for which a clinical laboratory performs testing services on a wholesale basis and which are billed on a monthly basis. These fees are generally subject to negotiation or discount. o "Patient" fees charged to individual patients and third-party payers, like Medicare and Medicaid. These fees generally require separate bills for each requisition. The fee schedule amounts established by Medicare are typically substantially lower than patient fees otherwise charged by us, but are sometimes higher than our fees actually charged to certain other clients. During 1992, the Office of the Inspector General, or OIG, of the HHS issued final regulations that prohibited charging Medicare fees substantially in excess of a provider's usual charges. The OIG, however, declined to provide any guidance concerning interpretation of these rules, including whether or not discounts to non- governmental clients and payers or the dual-fee structure might be inconsistent with these rules. A proposed rule released in September 1997 would have authorized the OIG to exclude providers from participation in the Medicare program, including clinical laboratories, that charge Medicare and other programs fees that are "substantially in excess of . . . usual charges . . . to any of [their] customers, clients or patients." This proposal was withdrawn by the OIG in 1998. In November 1999, the OIG issued an advisory opinion which indicated that a clinical laboratory offering discounts on client bills may violate the "usual charges" regulation if the "charge to Medicare substantially exceeds the amount the laboratory most frequently charges or has contractually agreed to accept from non-Federal payers." The OIG subsequently issued a letter clarifying that the usual charges regulation is not a blanket prohibition on discounts to private pay customers. In September 2003, the OIG published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking that would amend the OIG's exclusion regulations addressing excessive claims. Under the proposed exclusion rule, the OIG would have the authority to exclude a provider for submitting claims to Medicare that contain charges that are substantially in excess of the provider's usual charges. The proposal would define "usual charges" as the average payment from non-government entities, on a test by test basis, excluding capitated payments; and would define "substantially in excess" to be an amount that is more than 20% greater than the usual charge. We believe that the rule is unnecessary because Congress has already established fee schedules for the services that the rule proposes to regulate. We also believe that the rule is unworkable and overly burdensome. Through our industry trade association, we filed comments opposing the proposed rule and we are working with our trade association and a coalition of other healthcare providers who also oppose this proposed regulation as drafted. If this regulation is 16 adopted as proposed, it could potentially reduce the amounts reimbursed to us by Medicare and other federal payers or affect the fees we charge to other payers and could also be costly for us to administer. The 1997 Balanced Budget Act permits CMS to adjust statutorily prescribed fees for some medical services, including clinical laboratory services, if the fees are "grossly excessive." In December 2002, CMS issued an interim final rule setting forth a process and factors for establishing a "realistic and equitable" payment amount for all Medicare Part B services (except physician services and services paid under a prospective payment system) when the existing payment amounts are determined to be inherently unreasonable. Payment amounts may be considered unreasonable because they are either grossly excessive or deficient. We cannot provide any assurances to investors that fees payable by Medicare could not be reduced as a result of the application of this rule or that the government might not assert claims for reimbursement by purporting to retroactively apply this rule or the OIG interpretation concerning "usual charges." Currently, Medicare does not require the beneficiary to pay a co-payment for clinical laboratory testing. When co-payments were last in effect before adoption of the clinical laboratory services fee schedules in 1984, clinical laboratories received from Medicare carriers only 80% of the Medicare allowed amount and were required to bill Medicare beneficiaries for the unpaid balance of the Medicare allowed amount. If re-enacted, a co-payment requirement could adversely affect the revenues of the clinical laboratory industry, including us, by exposing the testing laboratory to the credit of individuals and by increasing the number of bills. In addition, a laboratory could be subject to potential fraud and abuse violations if adequate procedures to bill and collect the co-payments are not established and followed. The Medicare reform bill approved by the United State Senate in June 2003 included a co-payment provision, under which clinical laboratories would receive from Medicare carriers only 80% of the Medicare allowed amount for clinical laboratory tests and would be required to bill Medicare beneficiaries for the 20% balance of the Medicare allowed amount. The co-payment provision was dropped from the bill as passed (known as Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003), although the final legislation did include (as discussed above) a five year freeze on adjustments to the Medicare national fee schedule based on the consumer price index. Certain Medicaid programs do provide co-payments for clinical laboratory testing. REDUCED UTILIZATION OF CLINICAL LABORATORY TESTING. In recent years, CMS has taken several steps to reduce utilization of clinical laboratory testing. Since 1995, Medicare carriers have adopted policies under which they do not pay for many commonly ordered clinical tests unless the ordering physician has provided an appropriate diagnosis code supporting the medical necessity of the test. Physicians are required by law to provide diagnostic information when they order clinical tests for Medicare and Medicaid patients. However, CMS has not prescribed any penalty for physicians who fail to provide diagnostic information to laboratories. Moreover, regulations adopted in accordance with HIPAA require submission of diagnosis codes as part of the standard claims transaction. We are generally permitted to bill patients directly for some statutorily excluded clinical laboratory services. If a patient signs an advance beneficiary notice, or ABN, we are also generally permitted to bill patients for clinical laboratory tests that Medicare does not cover due to "medical necessity" limitations (these tests include limited coverage tests for which the ordering physician did not provide an appropriate diagnosis code and certain tests ordered on a patient at a frequency greater than covered by Medicare). An ABN is a notice signed by the beneficiary which documents the patient's informed decision to personally assume financial liability for laboratory tests which are likely to be not covered by Medicare because they are deemed to be not medically necessary. We do not have any direct contact with most of these patients and, in such cases, cannot control the proper use of the ABN by the physician or the physician's office staff. If the ABN is not timely provided to the beneficiary or is not completed properly, we end up performing tests that we cannot subsequently bill to the patient if they are not reimbursable by Medicare due to coverage limitations. INCONSISTENT PRACTICES. Currently, many different local carriers administer Medicare. They have inconsistent policies on matters such as: (1) test coverage; (2) automated chemistry panels; (3) diagnosis coding; (4) claims documentation; and (5) fee schedules (subject to the national fee schedule limitations). Inconsistent carrier rules and policies have increased the complexity of the billing process for clinical laboratories. As part of the 1997 Balanced Budget Act, HHS was required to adopt uniform policies on the above matters by January 1, 1999, and replace the current local carriers with no more than five regional carriers. Although HHS has finalized a number of uniform test coverage/diagnosis coding policies, it has not taken any final action to replace the local carriers with five regional carriers. However, in November 2000, CMS published a solicitation in the Commerce Business Daily seeking two contractors to process Part B clinical laboratory claims. In the solicitation, CMS stated that the Secretary has decided to limit the number of carriers processing clinical diagnostic laboratory test claims to two contractors. The solicitation indicated that the request for proposals, or RFP, would be released 17 on or before December 31, 2000 but as of February 2004, the RFP had not been issued; the solicitation did not indicate the effective date for a final transition to the regional carrier model. CMS plans to achieve standardization in part through implementing a single claims processing system for all carriers. This initiative, however, was suspended due to CMS's Year 2000 compliance priorities. CARRIER JURISDICTION CHANGES FOR LAB-TO-LAB REFERRALS. On October 31, 2003, CMS announced its intention to change the manner in which Medicare contractors currently process claims for lab-to-lab referrals. While laboratories are, under certain criteria, permitted to directly bill Medicare for tests they refer to other laboratories, they must be reimbursed at the correct fee schedule amount based on the Medicare fee schedule in effect in the Medicare carrier region in which the test was actually performed. Historically, laboratories needed to enroll with and file claims to multiple carriers in order to bill for such out-of-area test referrals, to ensure receipt of the appropriate payment amount. This has proven to be an administratively difficult process, with many obstacles to obtaining accurate claims payment, including applying the correct fee schedule. The announced change will enable the laboratory's "home" carrier to maintain and apply the clinical laboratory fee schedule applicable to the carrier region where the test was performed. This will streamline the claims filing process by allowing a laboratory to file all of its claims to its "home" carrier. As of January 2004, CMS has indicated a July 1, 2004 effective date for this change. COMPETITIVE BIDDING. The Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 requires CMS to conduct and complete by December 31, 2005, a demonstration project on the application of competitive acquisition to clinical laboratory tests. The details of how this federal demonstration project will be implemented are unknown at this time. Florida has issued a proposal for competitive bidding for its Medicaid program. If competitive bidding were implemented on a regional or national basis for clinical laboratory testing, it could materially adversely affect the clinical laboratory industry and us. FUTURE LEGISLATION. Future changes in federal, state and local regulations (or in the interpretation of current regulations) affecting governmental reimbursement for clinical laboratory testing could adversely affect us. We cannot predict, however, whether and what type of legislative proposals will be enacted into law or what regulations will be adopted by regulatory authorities. FRAUD AND ABUSE REGULATIONS. Medicare and Medicaid anti-kickback laws prohibit clinical laboratories from making payments or furnishing other benefits to influence the referral of tests billed to Medicare, Medicaid or other federal programs. As noted above, the penalties for violation of these laws may include criminal and civil fines and penalties and/or suspension or exclusion from participation in federal programs. Many of the anti-fraud statutes and regulations, including those relating to joint ventures and alliances, are vague or indefinite and have not been interpreted by the courts. We cannot predict if some of the fraud and abuse rules will be interpreted contrary to our practices. In November 1999, the OIG issued an advisory opinion concluding that the industry practice of discounting client bills may constitute a kickback if the discounted price is below a laboratory's overall cost (including overhead) and below the amounts reimbursed by Medicare. Advisory opinions are not binding but may be indicative of the position that prosecutors may take in enforcement actions. The OIG's opinion, if enforced, could result in fines and possible exclusion and could require us to eliminate offering discounts to clients below the rates reimbursed by Medicare. The OIG subsequently issued a letter clarifying that it did not intend to imply that discounts are a per se violation of the federal anti-kickback statute, but may merit further investigation depending on the facts and circumstances presented. In addition, since 1992, a federal anti-"self-referral" law, commonly known as the "Stark" law, prohibits, with certain exceptions, Medicare payments for laboratory tests referred by physicians who have, personally or through a family member, an investment interest in, or a compensation arrangement with, the testing laboratory. Since January 1995, these restrictions have also applied to Medicaid-covered services. Many states have similar anti-"self-referral" and other laws that are not limited to Medicare and Medicaid referrals and could also affect investment and compensation arrangements with physicians. We cannot predict if some of the state laws will be interpreted contrary to our practices. In April 2003, the OIG issued a Special Advisory Bulletin addressing what it described as "questionable contractual arrangements" in contractual joint ventures. The OIG Bulletin focused on arrangements where a health care provider, or Owner, expands into a related health care business by contracting with a health care provider, or Manager, that already is engaged in that line of business for the Manager to provide related health care items or services to the patients of the Owner in return for a share of the profits of the new line of business. While we believe that the Bulletin is directed at "sham" arrangements intended to induce referrals, we cannot predict whether the OIG might choose to investigate all contractual joint ventures, including our joint ventures with various hospitals or hospital systems. 18 GOVERNMENT INVESTIGATIONS AND RELATED CLAIMS We are subject to extensive and frequently changing federal, state and local laws and regulations. We believe that, based on our experience with government settlements and public announcements by various government officials, the federal government continues to strengthen its position on healthcare fraud. In addition, legislative provisions relating to healthcare fraud and abuse give federal enforcement personnel substantially increased funding, powers and remedies to pursue suspected cases of fraud and abuse. Many of the regulations applicable to us, including those relating to billing and reimbursement of tests and those relating to relationships with physicians and hospitals, are vague or indefinite and have not been interpreted by the courts. They may be interpreted or applied by a prosecutorial, regulatory or judicial authority in a manner that could require us to make changes in our operations, including our billing practices. If we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, we could suffer civil and criminal penalties, including the loss of licenses or our ability to participate in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal and state healthcare programs. During the mid-1990s, Quest Diagnostics and SBCL settled government claims that primarily involved industry-wide billing and marketing practices that both companies believed to be lawful. The aggregate amount of the settlements for these claims exceeded $500 million. The federal or state governments may bring additional claims based on new theories as to our practices that we believe to be in compliance with law. The federal government has substantial leverage in negotiating settlements since the amount of potential fines far exceeds the rates at which we are reimbursed, and the government has the remedy of excluding a non-compliant provider from participation in the Medicare and Medicaid programs, which represented approximately 17% of our net revenues during 2003. Although management believes that established reserves for claims are sufficient, including qui tam cases, of which management is aware, it is possible that additional information may become available that may cause the final resolution of these matters to exceed established reserves by an amount which could be material to our results of operations and cash flows in the period in which such claims are settled. We do not believe that these issues will have a material adverse effect on our overall financial condition. However, we understand that there may be pending qui tam claims brought by former employees or other "whistle blowers" as to which we have not been provided with a copy of the complaint and accordingly cannot determine the extent of any potential liability. As an integral part of our compliance program discussed below, we investigate all reported or suspected failures to comply with federal healthcare reimbursement requirements. Any non-compliance that results in Medicare or Medicaid overpayments is reported to the government and reimbursed by us. As a result of these efforts, we have periodically identified and reported overpayments. While we have reimbursed these overpayments and have taken corrective action where appropriate, we cannot assure investors that in each instance the government will necessarily accept these actions as sufficient. COMPLIANCE PROGRAM Compliance with all government rules and regulations has become a significant concern throughout the clinical laboratory industry because of evolving interpretations of regulations and the national debate over healthcare. We established a compliance program early in 1993. We emphasize the development of training programs intended to ensure the strict implementation and observance of all applicable laws, regulations and Company policies. Further, we conduct in-depth reviews of procedures, personnel and facilities to assure regulatory compliance throughout our operations. The Quality, Safety and Compliance Committee of the Board of Directors requires periodic reporting of compliance operations from management. We seek to conduct our business in compliance with all statutes and regulations applicable to our operations. Many of these statutes and regulations have not been interpreted by the courts. We cannot assure investors that applicable statutes or regulations will not be interpreted or applied by a prosecutorial, regulatory or judicial authority in a manner that would adversely affect us. Potential sanctions for violation of these statutes include significant damages, penalties, and fines, exclusion from participation in governmental healthcare programs and the loss of various licenses, certificates and authorization necessary to operate some or all of our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. 19 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS Other companies or individuals, including our competitors, may obtain patents or other property rights that would prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to develop, perform or sell our tests or operate our business. As a result, we may be involved in intellectual property litigation and we may be found to infringe on the proprietary rights of others, which could force us to do one or more of the following: o cease developing, performing or selling products or services that incorporate the challenged intellectual property; o obtain and pay for licenses from the holder of the infringed intellectual property right; o redesign or reengineer our tests; o change our business processes; or o pay substantial damages, court costs and attorneys' fees, including potentially increased damages for any infringement held to be willful. Patents generally are not issued until several years after an application is filed. The possibility that, before a patent is issued to a third party, we may be performing a test or other activity covered by the patent is not a defense to an infringement claim. Thus, even tests that we develop could become the subject of infringement claims if a third party obtains a patent covering those tests. Infringement and other intellectual property claims, regardless of their merit, can be expensive and time-consuming to litigate. In addition, any requirement to reengineer our tests or change our business processes could substantially increase our costs, force us to interrupt product sales or delay new test releases. In the past, we have settled several disputes regarding our alleged infringement of intellectual property rights of third parties. We are currently involved in settling several additional disputes. We do not believe that resolution of these disputes will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition. However, infringement claims could arise in the future as patents could be issued on tests or processes that we may be performing, particularly in such emerging areas as gene-based testing and other specialty testing. INSURANCE As a general matter, providers of clinical laboratory testing services may be subject to lawsuits alleging negligence or other similar legal claims. These suits could involve claims for substantial damages. Any professional liability litigation could also have an adverse impact on our client base and reputation. We maintain various liability insurance programs for claims that could result from providing or failing to provide clinical laboratory testing services, including inaccurate testing results and other exposures. Our insurance coverage limits our maximum exposure on individual claims; however, we are essentially self-insured for a significant portion of these claims. The basis for claims reserves incorporates actuarially determined losses based upon our historical and projected loss experience. Management believes that present insurance coverage and reserves are sufficient to cover currently estimated exposures. Although management cannot predict the outcome of any claims made against the Company, management does not anticipate that the ultimate outcome of any such proceedings or claims will have a material adverse effect on our financial position but may be material to our results of operations and cash flows in the period in which such claims are resolved. Similarly, although we believe that we will be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage in the future at acceptable costs, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so. EMPLOYEES At December 31, 2003 and 2002, we employed approximately 37,200 and 33,400 people, respectively. These totals exclude employees of the joint ventures where we do not have a majority interest. We have no collective bargaining agreements with any unions covering any employees in the United States, and we believe that our overall relations with our employees are good. 20 CAUTIONARY STATEMENT FOR PURPOSES OF THE "SAFE HARBOR" PROVISIONS OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995 Some statements and disclosures in this document are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include all statements that do not relate solely to historical or current facts and can be identified by the use of words such as "may", "believe", "will", "expect", "project", "estimate", "anticipate", "plan" or "continue". These forward-looking statements are based on our current plans and expectations and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could significantly cause our plans and expectations, including actual results, to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, or the Litigation Reform Act, provides a "safe harbor" for forward-looking statements to encourage companies to provide prospective information about their companies without fear of litigation. We would like to take advantage of the "safe harbor" provisions of the Litigation Reform Act in connection with the forward-looking statements included in this document. Investors are cautioned not to unduly rely on such forward-looking statements when evaluating the information presented in this document. The following important factors could cause our actual financial results to differ materially from those projected, forecasted or estimated by us in forward-looking statements: (a) Heightened competition, including increased pricing pressure, competition from hospitals for testing for non-patients and competition from physicians. See "Business -- Competition". (b) Impact of changes in payer mix, including any shift from fee-for-service to capitated fee arrangements. See "Business -- Payers and Customers -- Customers -- Managed Care Organizations and Other Insurance Providers". (c) Adverse actions by government or other third-party payers, including unilateral reduction of fee schedules payable to us, competitive bidding, or an increase in the practice of negotiating for exclusive contracts that involve aggressively priced capitated payments by managed care organizations. See "Business -- Regulation of Reimbursement for Clinical Laboratory Services" and "Business -- Payers and Customers -- Customers -- Managed Care Organizations and Other Insurance Providers". (d) The impact upon our testing volume and collected revenue or general or administrative expenses resulting from our compliance with Medicare and Medicaid administrative policies and requirements of third party payers. These include: (1) the requirements of Medicare carriers to provide diagnosis codes for many commonly ordered tests and the possibility that third party payers will increasingly adopt similar requirements; (2) the policy of CMS to limit Medicare reimbursement for tests contained in automated chemistry panels to the amount that would have been paid if only the covered tests, determined on the basis of demonstrable "medical necessity", had been ordered; (3) continued inconsistent practices among the different local carriers administering Medicare; (4) inability to obtain from patients an advance beneficiary notice form for tests that cannot be billed without prior receipt of the form; and (5) the potential need to monitor charges and lower certain fees to Medicare to comply with the OIG's proposed rule pertaining to exclusion of providers for submitting claims to Medicare containing charges that are substantially in excess of the provider's usual charges. See "Business -- Regulation of Reimbursement for Clinical Laboratory Services" and "Business -- Billing". (e) Adverse results from pending or future government investigations, lawsuits or private actions. These include, in particular significant monetary damages, loss or suspension of licenses, and/or suspension or exclusion from the Medicare and Medicaid programs and/or other significant litigation matters. See "Business -- Government Investigations and Related Claims". (f) Failure to obtain new customers at profitable pricing or failure to retain existing customers, and a reduction in tests ordered or specimens submitted by existing customers. (g) Failure to efficiently integrate acquired clinical laboratory businesses, including Unilab, or to efficiently integrate clinical laboratory businesses from joint ventures and alliances with hospitals, and to manage the costs related to any such integration, or to retain key technical and management personnel. See "Business -- Recent Acquisitions". 21 (h) Inability to obtain professional liability or other insurance coverage or a material increase in premiums for such coverage or reserves for self-insurance. See "Business -- Insurance". (i) Denial of CLIA certification or other licenses for any of our clinical laboratories under the CLIA standards, revocation or suspension of the right to bill the Medicare and Medicaid programs or other adverse regulatory actions by federal, state and local agencies. See "Business -- Regulation of Clinical Laboratory Operations". (j) Changes in federal, state or local laws or regulations, including changes that result in new or increased federal or state regulation of commercial clinical laboratories, including regulation by the FDA. (k) Inability to achieve expected synergies from our acquisitions of other business, including Unilab. See "Business -- Recent Acquisitions". (l) Inability to achieve additional benefits from our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives. (m) Adverse publicity and news coverage about the clinical laboratory industry or us. (n) Computer or other system failures that affect our ability to perform tests, report test results or properly bill customers, including potential failures resulting from the standardization of our IT systems and other system conversions, telecommunications failures, malicious human acts (such as electronic break-ins or computer viruses) or natural disasters. See "Business -- Information Systems" and "Business -- Billing". (o) Development of technologies that substantially alter the practice of laboratory medicine, including technology changes that lead to the development of more cost-effective tests such as (1) point-of-care tests that can be performed by physicians in their offices and (2) home testing that can be carried out without requiring the services of clinical laboratories. See "Business -- Competition" and "Business -- Regulation of Clinical Laboratory Operations". (p) Issuance of patents or other property rights to our competitors or others that could prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to develop, perform or sell our tests or operate our business. (q) Development of tests by our competitors or others which we may not be able to license, or usage of our technology or similar technologies or our trade secrets by competitors, any of which could negatively affect our competitive position. (r) Inability to commercialize newly licensed tests or technologies or to obtain appropriate reimbursements for such tests. (s) Inability to obtain or maintain adequate patent and other proprietary rights protections of our products and services or to successfully enforce our proprietary rights. (t) Development of an Internet-based electronic commerce business model that does not require an extensive logistics and laboratory network. (u) The impact of the privacy regulations, security regulations and standards for electronic transactions regulations issued under HIPAA on our operations as well as the cost to comply with the regulations, including the failure of third party payers to complete testing with us, failure to agree on data content for claims, failure to accept default diagnosis codes in the absence of physician-supplied codes, or inability of payers to accept or remit transactions in HIPAA-required standard transaction and code set format. See "Business -- Privacy and Security of Health Information; Standard Transactions". (v) Inability to promptly or properly bill for our services or to obtain appropriate payments for services that we do bill. See "Business -- Billing". (w) Changes in interest rates and changes in our credit ratings from Standard & Poor's and Moody's Investor Services causing an unfavorable impact on our cost of and access to capital. (x) Inability to hire and retain qualified personnel or the loss of the services of one or more of our key senior management personnel. (y) Terrorist and other criminal activities, which could affect our customers, transportation or power systems, or our facilities, and for which insurance may not adequately reimburse us for. 22 ITEM 2. PROPERTIES Our principal laboratories (listed alphabetically by state) are located in or near the following metropolitan areas. In certain areas (indicated by the number (2)), we have two principal laboratories as a result of recent acquisitions.
LOCATION LEASED OR OWNED - -------- --------------- Phoenix, Arizona Leased by Joint Venture Los Angeles, California(2) One owned, one leased Sacramento, California Leased San Diego, California Leased San Jose, California Leased San Juan Capistrano, California Owned Denver, Colorado Leased New Haven, Connecticut Owned Washington, D.C. (Chantilly, Virginia) Leased Miami, Florida(2) One owned, one leased Tampa, Florida Owned Atlanta, Georgia Owned Chicago, Illinois(2) One owned, one leased Indianapolis, Indiana Leased by Joint Venture Lexington, Kentucky Owned New Orleans, Louisiana Owned Baltimore, Maryland Owned Boston, Massachusetts Leased Detroit, Michigan Leased St. Louis, Missouri Owned Las Vegas, Nevada Owned New York, New York (Teterboro, New Jersey) Owned Long Island, New York Leased Dayton, Ohio Leased by Joint Venture Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Leased by Joint Venture Portland, Oregon Leased Erie, Pennsylvania Leased by Joint Venture Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Leased Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Leased Nashville, Tennessee Leased Dallas, Texas Leased Houston, Texas Leased Seattle, Washington Leased
Our executive offices are located at an owned facility in Teterboro, New Jersey and at leased facilities in Lyndhurst, New Jersey. We also lease a site in Norristown, Pennsylvania, that serves as a billing center; a site in San Clemente, California, that serves as the main facility for Nichols Institute Diagnostics; a site in Cincinnati that serves as the main office for MedPlus; and an additional site in West Hills, California, that will serve as our regional laboratory in the Los Angeles metropolitan area after we complete the integration of Unilab. We also own an administrative office in Collegeville, Pennsylvania, and a site in Norriton, Pennsylvania, that serves as our national data center. We own our laboratory facility in Mexico City and lease laboratory facilities in San Juan, Puerto Rico and near London, England. We believe that, in general, our laboratory facilities are suitable and adequate for our current and anticipated future levels of operation. We believe that if we were unable to renew a lease on any of our testing facilities, we could find alternative space at competitive market rates and relocate our operations to such new location. 23 ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS In addition to the investigations described in "Business -- Government Investigations and Related Claims", we are involved in various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of the proceedings against us involve claims that are substantial in amount. Although we cannot predict the outcome of such proceedings or any claims made against us, we do not anticipate that the ultimate outcome of the various proceedings or claims will have a material adverse effect on our financial position, but may be material to our results of operations and cash flows in the period in which such proceedings or claims are resolved. ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS None. 24 PART II ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON STOCK, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES Our common stock is listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "DGX." The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales price per share as reported on the New York Stock Exchange Consolidated Tape:
HIGH LOW ---- --- 2002 First Quarter....................................... $84.10 $66.00 Second Quarter...................................... 96.14 79.25 Third Quarter....................................... 85.31 51.29 Fourth Quarter...................................... 66.99 49.09 2003 First Quarter....................................... $60.90 $47.36 Second Quarter...................................... 66.24 55.14 Third Quarter....................................... 69.25 56.42 Fourth Quarter...................................... 74.99 59.47
As of February 23, 2004, we had approximately 5,900 record holders of our common stock. On October 21, 2003, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $.15 per common share, payable on January 23, 2004 to holders of record on January 8, 2004. On February 19, 2004, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $.15 per common share, payable on April 21, 2004 to holders of record on April 7, 2004. Prior to October 2003, we had not previously declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. We expect to fund future dividend payments with cash flows from operations, and do not expect the dividend to have a material impact on our ability to finance future growth. In May 2003, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program, which permits us to purchase up to $300 million of our common stock. In October 2003, our Board of Directors increased the share repurchase authorization by an additional $300 million. Through December 31, 2003, we repurchased approximately 4 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $64.54 per share for a total of $258 million. ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA See page 34. ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS See page 37. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK See Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA See Item 15 (a) 1 and 2. ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None. 25 ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES (a) Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are adequate and effective. (b) During the quarter ended December 31, 2003, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
26 PART III ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT Information concerning the directors of the Company is incorporated by reference to the information in the Company's Proxy Statement to be filed on or before April 29, 2004, or the Proxy Statement, appearing under the caption "Election of Directors." EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT Officers of the Company are elected annually by the Board of Directors and hold office at the discretion of the Board of Directors. The following persons serve as executive officers of the Company: Kenneth W. Freeman (53) is Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Mr. Freeman joined the Company in May 1995 as President and Chief Executive Officer, was elected a Director in July 1995 and was elected Chairman of the Board in December 1996. Prior to 1995, he served in a variety of financial and managerial positions at Corning, which he joined in 1972. He was elected Controller and a Vice President of Corning in 1985, Senior Vice President in 1987, General Manager of the Science Products Division in 1989 and Executive Vice President in 1993. He was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of Corning Asahi Video Products Company in 1990. Surya N. Mohapatra, Ph.D. (54) is President and Chief Operating Officer and a Director of the Company. Prior to joining the Company in February 1999 as Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, he was Senior Vice President of Picker International, a worldwide leader in advanced medical imaging technologies, where he served in various executive positions during his 18-year tenure. Dr. Mohapatra was appointed President and Chief Operating Officer in June 1999. The Company is implementing an orderly succession plan under which Dr. Mohapatra will succeed Mr. Freeman as Chief Executive Officer by the date of the 2004 annual meeting of stockholders, scheduled to be held on May 4, 2004. At that time Mr. Freeman will continue as Chairman of the Board. Robert A. Hagemann (47) is Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. He joined Corning Life Sciences, Inc., in 1992, where he held a variety of senior financial positions before being named Vice President and Corporate Controller of the Company in 1996. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Hagemann was employed by Prime Hospitality, Inc. and Crompton & Knowles, Inc. in senior financial positions. He was also previously associated with Ernst & Young. Mr. Hagemann assumed his present responsibilities in August 1998. Gerald C. Marrone (61) is Senior Vice President, Administration. Mr. Marrone joined the Company in November 1997 as Chief Information Officer, after 12 years with Citibank, N.A. He assumed his current position in October 2002. While at Citibank, he served as Vice President, Division Executive for Citibank's Global Production Support Division, and was also the Chief Information Officer of Citibank's Global Cash Management business. Prior to joining Citibank, he served for five years as the Chief Information Officer for Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York. Michael E. Prevoznik (42) is Senior Vice President and General Counsel. Prior to joining SBCL in 1994 as its Chief Legal Compliance Officer, Mr. Prevoznik was with Dechert Price & Rhodes. In 1996, he became Vice President and Chief Legal Compliance Officer for SmithKline Beecham Healthcare Services. In 1998, he was appointed Vice President, Compliance for SmithKline Beecham, assuming additional responsibilities for coordinating all compliance activities within SmithKline Beecham worldwide. Mr. Prevoznik joined the Company as Vice President and General Counsel in August 1999. In 2003, he assumed additional responsibilities for coporate communication and governmental affairs. David M. Zewe (52) is Senior Vice President, Diagnostics Testing Services. Mr. Zewe oversees diagnostic testing operations company-wide, including physician, clinical trials, international and drugs of abuse testing, as well as the diagnostic instruments business. Mr. Zewe joined the Company in 1994 as General Manager of the Philadelphia regional laboratory, became Regional Vice President Sales and Marketing for the mid-Atlantic region in August 1996, became Vice President, Revenue Services in August 1999, leading the billing function company-wide, and became Senior Vice President, U.S. Operations in January 2001, responsible for all core business operations and revenue services. Mr. Zewe assumed his current position in May 2002. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Zewe was with the Squibb Diagnostics Division of Bristol Myers Squibb, most recently serving as Vice President of Sales. 27 ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION The information called for by this Item is incorporated by reference to the information under the caption "Executive Compensation" appearing in the Proxy Statement. The information contained in the Proxy Statement under the captions "Compensation Committee Report on Executive Compensation" and "Performance Graph" is not incorporated herein by reference. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT Except for the Equity Compensation Plan information set forth below, the information called for by this Item is incorporated by reference to the information under the caption "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" appearing in the Proxy Statement. EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION The following table provides information as of December 31, 2003 about our common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of options, warrants and rights under our existing equity compensation plans:
NUMBER OF SECURITIES REMAINING AVAILABLE FOR NUMBER OF SECURITIES FUTURE ISSUANCE UNDER TO BE ISSUED WEIGHTED-AVERAGE EQUITY COMPENSATION UPON EXERCISE OF EXERCISE PRICE OF PLANS (EXCLUDING OUTSTANDING OPTIONS, OUTSTANDING OPTIONS, SECURITIES REFLECTED IN PLAN CATEGORY WARRANTS AND RIGHTS (a) WARRANTS AND RIGHTS (b) COLUMN (a)) (c) - --------------------------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- Equity compensation plans approved by security holders..................... 10,239,921 $44.85 4,790,768 Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders.................. - not applicable 1,419,381 ---------- -------------- --------- Total.................................. 10,239,921 $44.85 6,210,149 ---------- ------ --------- ---------- ------ ---------
The only equity compensation plan that has not been approved by the Company's stockholders is the Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP. The ESPP permits employees to purchase the Company's common stock each calendar quarter through payroll deductions. The purchase price is 85% of the closing market price on the last business day of the calendar quarter (or, if lower, the closing market price on the first business day of the calendar quarter). The ESPP authorizes the issuance of 4 million shares of the Company's common stock. The number of securities reflected in the table above for the ESPP includes the share allocation for the fourth quarter of 2003, which were issued in January 2004. The ESPP was adopted prior to the spinoff of the Company in 1996 and, as a result of action taken by the Board in 2001, has a term ending on December 31, 2006. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS The information called for by this Item is incorporated by reference to the information under the caption "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions" appearing in the Proxy Statement. ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES The information called for by this Item is incorporated by reference to the information under the caption "Ratification of Appointment of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP" appearing in the Proxy Statement. 28 ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K (a) Documents filed as part of this report: 1. Index to financial statements and supplementary data filed as part of this report:
ITEM PAGE ---- ---- Report of Independent Auditors.............................. F-1 Consolidated Balance Sheets................................. F-2 Consolidated Statements of Operations....................... F-3 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows....................... F-4 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity............. F-5 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.................. F-6 Supplementary Data: Quarterly Operating Results (unaudited)............................................... F-36
2. Financial Statement Schedule:
ITEM PAGE ---- ---- Schedule II -- Valuation Accounts and Reserves.............. F-37
3. Exhibits filed as part of this report: See (c) below. (b) Report on Form 8-K filed during the fourth quarter of 2003: On October 21, 2003, the Company furnished a current report on Form 8-K reporting under Item 7 its press release of October 31, 2003 announcing, among other things, its results for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2003 and its press release announcing a quarterly cash dividend and the expansion of the Company's share repurchase program. On October 31, 2003, the Company filed a current report on Form 8-K reporting under Item 5 operating income for the quarters ended March 31, 2003, June 30, 2003 and September 30, 2003 and the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and for the quarters ended March 31, 2002, June 30, 2002, September 30, 2002 and December 31, 2002 and the year ended December 31, 2002 on a basis consistent with the preparation of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003. On November 20, 2003, the Company filed an amended current report on Form 8-K (Date of Report: February 26, 2003) reporting under Item 2 on the acquisition of the outstanding capital stock of Unilab Corporation. (c) Exhibits filed as part of this report:
EXHIBIT NUMBER DESCRIPTION ------ ----------- 3.1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K (Date of Report: May 31, 2001) and incorporated herein by reference) 3.2 Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Registrant (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's 2000 annual report on Form 10-K and incorporated herein by reference) 4.1 Form of Rights Agreement dated December 31, 1996 (the "Rights Agreement") between Corning Clinical Laboratories Inc. and Harris Trust and Savings Bank as Rights Agent (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10 (File No. 1-12215) and incorporated herein by reference) 4.2 Form of Amendment No. 1 effective as of July 1, 1999 to the Rights Agreement (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K (Date of Report: August 16, 1999) and incorporated herein by reference) 4.3 Form of Amendment No. 2 to the Rights Agreement (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's 1999 annual report on Form 10-K and incorporated herein by reference) 4.4 Form of Amendment No. 3 to the Rights Agreement (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's 2000 annual report on Form 10-K and incorporated herein by reference) 4.5 Form of Acceptance by National City Bank as successor Rights Agent under the Rights Agreement
29 10.1 Form of 6 3/4% Senior Notes due 2006, including the form of guarantee endorsed thereon (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K (Date of Report: June 27, 2001) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.2 Form of 7 1/2% Senior Notes due 2011, including the form of guarantee endorsed thereon (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K (Date of Report: June 27, 2001) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.3 Form of 1.75% Contingent Convertible Debentures due 2021, including the form of guarantee endorsed thereon (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K (Date of Report: November 26, 2001) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.4 Indenture dated as of June 27, 2001, among the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors, and the Trustee (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K (Date of Report: June 27, 2001) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.5 First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 27, 2001, among the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors, and the Trustee to the Indenture referred to in Exhibit 10.4 (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K (Date of Report: June 27, 2001) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.6 Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 26, 2001, among the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors, and the Trustee to the Indenture referred to in Exhibit 10.4 (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K (Date of Report: November 26, 2001) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.7 Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 4, 2002, among Quest Diagnostics, the Additional Subsidiary Guarantors, and the Trustee to the Indenture referred to in Exhibit 10.4 (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K (Date of Report: April 1, 2002) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.8 Fourth Supplemental Indenture dated as of March 19, 2003, among Unilab Corporation (f/k/a Quest Diagnostics Newco Incorporated), Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, The Bank Of New York, and the Subsidiary Guarantors (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference) 10.9 Credit Agreement, dated as of June 27, 2001, among the Company, the Subsidiary Guarantors and the Banks (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K (Date of Report: June 27, 2001) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.10 Second Amended and Restated Credit and Security Agreement dated as of September 30, 2003 among Quest Diagnostics Receivables Inc., as Borrower, Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, as Servicer, each of the lenders party thereto and Wachovia Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference) 10.11 Amended and Restated Receivables Sale Agreement dated as of September 30, 2003 among Quest Diagnostics Incorporated and each of its direct or indirect wholly owned subsidiaries who is or hereafter becomes a seller hereunder, as the Sellers, and Quest Diagnostics Receivables Inc., as the Buyer (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference) 10.12 Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of June 21, 2002 among Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, certain subsidiary guarantors of the Company, the lenders party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 333-88330) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.13 First Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of September 20, 2002 among Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, certain subsidiary guarantors of the Company, the lenders party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference) 10.14 Second Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of December 19, 2002 among Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, certain subsidiary guarantors of the Company, the lenders party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent (filed as an Exhibit to post effective Amendment No. 1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 333-88330) and incorporated herein by reference)
30 10.15 Term Loan Credit Agreement dated as of December 19, 2003 among Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, certain subsidiary guarantors of the Company, the lenders party thereto, and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation 10.16 Stock and Asset Purchase Agreement dated as of February 9, 1999 among SmithKline Beecham plc, SmithKline Beecham Corporation and the Company (the "Stock and Asset Purchase Agreement") (filed as Appendix A of the Company's Definitive Proxy Statement dated May 11, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference) 10.17 Amendment No. 1 dated August 6, 1999 to the Stock and Asset Purchase Agreement (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K (Date of Report: August 16, 1999) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.18 Non-Competition Agreement dated as of August 16, 1999 between SmithKline Beecham plc and the Company (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K (Date of Report: August 16, 1999) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.19 Stockholders Agreement dated as of August 16, 1999 between SmithKline Beecham plc and the Company (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's current report on Form 8-K (Date of Report: August 16, 1999) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.20 Amended and Restated Global Clinical Trials Agreement, dated as of December 19, 2002 between SmithKline Beecham plc dba GlaxoSmithKline and the Company (filed as an Exhibit to post effective amendment No. 1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 333-88330) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.21 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 2, 2002, as amended, among the Company, Quest Diagnostics Newco Incorporated and Unilab Corporation (filed as an annex to the Company's final prospectus, dated August 6, 2002, and incorporated herein by reference) 10.22 Amendment to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 13, 2002, among the Company, Quest Diagnostics Newco Incorporated and Unilab Corporation (filed as an annex to the Company's final prospectus, dated August 6, 2002, and incorporated herein by reference) 10.23 Amendment No. 2 to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of June 20, 2002, among the Company, Quest Diagnostics Newco Incorporated and Unilab Corporation (filed as an annex to the Company's final prospectus, dated August 6, 2002, and incorporated herein by reference) 10.24 Amendment No. 3 to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of September 25, 2002, among the Company, Quest Diagnostics Newco Incorporated and Unilab Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(11) of the Company's Schedule TO Amendment No. 12 filed with the Commission on September 26, 2002, file No. 001-12215) 10.25 Amendment No. 4 to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 4, 2003, among the Company, Quest Diagnostics Newco Incorporated and Unilab Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(20) of Quest Diagnostics' Schedule TO Amendment No. 20 filed with the Commission on January 6, 2003, file No. 001-12215) 10.26 Form of Employees Stock Purchase Plan, as amended (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference) 10.27 Form of 1996 Employee Equity Participation Program, as amended (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference) 10.28 Form of 1999 Employee Equity Participation Program, as amended as of July 31, 2003 (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference) 10.29 Procedures for the Exercise of Designated Options by Covered Employees (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference) 10.30 Form of Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors (filed as an Exhibit to post effective amendment No. 1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 333-88330) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.31 Form of Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan For Directors (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference)
31 10.32 Employment Agreement between the Company and Kenneth W. Freeman dated as of January 1, 2003 (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference) 10.33 Employment Agreement between the Company and Surya N. Mohapatra dated as of November 9, 2003 10.34 Form of Supplemental Deferred Compensation Plan (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998 and incorporated herein by reference) 10.35 Amendment No. 1 to the Supplemental Deferred Compensation Plan (filed as an Exhibit to post effective amendment No. 1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 333-88330) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.36 Amendment No. 2 to the Supplemental Deferred Compensation Plan (filed as an Exhibit to post effective amendment No. 1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 333-88330) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.37 Form of Executive Retirement Supplemental Plan (filed as an Exhibit to the Company's Registration Statement on Form 10 (File No. 1-12215) and incorporated herein by reference) 10.38 Form of Senior Management Incentive Plan (filed as Appendix A to the Company's proxy statement dated March 28, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference) 14 Code of Business Ethics 21 Subsidiaries of Quest Diagnostics Incorporated 23.1 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 'SS' 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 'SS' 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. Quest Diagnostics Incorporated By /s/ Kenneth W. Freeman Chairman of the Board and Chief February 26, 2004 ---------------------------- Executive Officer Kenneth W. Freeman By /s/ Robert A. Hagemann Senior Vice President and Chief February 26, 2004 ----------------------------- Financial Officer Robert A. Hagemann By /s/ Thomas F. Bongiorno Vice President, Controller and February 26, 2004 ----------------------------- Chief Accounting Officer Thomas F. Bongiorno
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and on the dates indicated.
CAPACITY DATE -------- ---- /s/ Kenneth W. Freeman Chairman of the Board and Chief February 26, 2004 ----------------------------- Executive Officer Kenneth W. Freeman /s/ Surya N. Mohapatra Director, President and Chief February 26, 2004 ---------------------------- Operating Officer Surya N. Mohapatra /s/ Kenneth D. Brody Director February 26, 2004 ---------------------------- Kenneth D. Brody /s/ William F. Buehler Director February 26, 2004 ---------------------------- William F. Buehler /s/ Mary A. Cirillo Director February 26, 2004 ---------------------------- Mary A. Cirillo /s/ James F. Flaherty III Director February 26, 2004 ---------------------------- James F. Flaherty III /s/ William R. Grant Director February 26, 2004 ---------------------------- William R. Grant /s/ Rosanne Haggerty Director February 26, 2004 ---------------------------- Rosanne Haggerty /s/ Dan C. Stanzione Director February 26, 2004 ---------------------------- Dan C. Stanzione /s/ Gail R. Wilensky Director February 26, 2004 ---------------------------- Gail R. Wilensky /s/ John B. Ziegler Director February 26, 2004 ---------------------------- John B. Ziegler
33 SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA OF OUR COMPANY The following table summarizes selected historical financial data of our Company and our subsidiaries at the dates and for each of the periods presented. We derived the selected historical financial data for the years 1999 through 2003 from the audited consolidated financial statements of our Company. As discussed in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, all per share data has been restated to reflect our two-for-one stock split effected on May 31, 2001. In April 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 145, "Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44 and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections", or SFAS 145. Pursuant to SFAS 145, extraordinary losses associated with the extinguishment of debt in 1999, 2000 and 2001, previously presented net of applicable taxes, were reclassified to other non-operating expenses. The selected historical financial data is only a summary and should be read together with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes of our Company and management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2003(a) 2002(b) 2001 2000 1999(c) ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------- (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA) Operations Data: Net revenues................... $4,737,958 $4,108,051 $3,627,771 $3,421,162 $ 2,205,243 Amortization of goodwill(d).... - - 38,392 37,862 23,530 Provisions for restructuring and other special charges..... - - - 2,100 (e) 73,385 (f) Operating income............... 796,454 592,142 411,550 317,527 (e) 78,980 (f) Loss on debt extinguishment.... - - 42,012 (g) 4,826 (h) 3,566 (i) Net income (loss).............. 436,717 322,154 162,303 (g) 102,052 (e),(h) (3,413)(f),(i) Basic net income (loss) per common share: Net income (loss).............. $ 4.22 $ 3.34 $ 1.74 $ 1.14 $ (0.05) Diluted net income (loss) per common share:(j) Net income (loss).............. $ 4.12 $ 3.23 $ 1.66 $ 1.08 $ (0.05) Dividends per common share..... $ 0.15 $ - $ - $ - $ - Balance Sheet Data (at end of year): Accounts receivable, net....... $ 609,187 $ 522,131 $ 508,340 $ 485,573 $ 539,256 Total assets................... 4,301,418 3,324,197 2,930,555 2,864,536 2,878,481 Long-term debt................. 1,028,707 796,507 820,337 760,705 1,171,442 Preferred stock................ - - - (k) 1,000 1,000 Common stockholders' equity.... 2,394,694 1,768,863 1,335,987 1,030,795 862,062 Other Data: Net cash provided by operating activities.................... $ 662,799 $ 596,371 $ 465,803 $ 369,455 $ 249,535 Net cash used in investing activities.................... (417,050) (477,212) (296,616) (48,015) (1,107,990) Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities.......... (187,568) (144,714) (218,332) (177,247) 682,831 Provision for doubtful accounts...................... 228,222 217,360 218,271 234,694 142,333 Rent expense................... 120,748 96,547 82,769 76,515 59,073 Capital expenditures........... 174,641 155,196 148,986 116,450 76,029
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (a) On February 28, 2003, we completed the acquisition of Unilab Corporation, or Unilab. Consolidated operating results for 2003 include the results of operations of Unilab subsequent to the closing of the acquisition. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. (b) On April 1, 2002, we completed the acquisition of American Medical Laboratories, Incorporated, or AML. Consolidated operating results for 2002 include the results of operations of AML subsequent to the closing of the acquisition. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 34 (c) On August 16, 1999, we completed the acquisition of SmithKline Beecham Clinical Laboratories, Inc., or SBCL. Consolidated operating results for 1999 include the results of operations of SBCL subsequent to the closing of the acquisition. (d) In July 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangibles", or SFAS 142, which the Company adopted on January 1, 2002. The following table presents net income and basic and diluted earnings per common share data adjusted to exclude the amortization of goodwill, assuming that SFAS 142 had been in effect for the periods presented:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, ----------------------------------- 2001 2000 1999 -------- -------- ------- (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA) Net income: Reported net income (loss).................................. $162,303 $102,052 $(3,413) Add back: Amortization of goodwill, net of taxes............ 35,964 36,023 22,013 -------- -------- ------- Adjusted net income......................................... $198,267 $138,075 $18,600 -------- -------- ------- -------- -------- ------- Basic earnings per common share: Reported net income (loss).................................. $ 1.74 $ 1.14 $ (0.05) Amortization of goodwill, net of taxes...................... 0.39 0.40 0.31 -------- -------- ------- Adjusted net income......................................... $ 2.13 $ 1.54 $ 0.26 -------- -------- ------- -------- -------- ------- Diluted earnings per common share: Reported net income (loss).................................. $ 1.66 $ 1.08 $ (0.05) Amortization of goodwill, net of taxes...................... 0.37 0.38 0.31 -------- -------- ------- Adjusted net income......................................... $ 2.03 $ 1.46 $ 0.26 -------- -------- ------- -------- -------- -------
(e) During the second quarter of 2000, we recorded a net special charge of $2.1 million. This net charge resulted from a $13.4 million charge related to the costs to cancel certain contracts that we believed were not economically viable as a result of the SBCL acquisition, and which were principally associated with the cancellation of a co-marketing agreement for clinical trials testing services, which charges were in large part offset by a reduction in reserves attributable to a favorable resolution of outstanding claims for reimbursements associated with billings of certain tests. (f) During 1999, we recorded provisions for restructuring and other special charges of $73 million in conjunction with the acquisition and planned integration of SBCL. Of the $73 million charge, $19.8 million represented stock-based employee compensation related to special one-time grants to certain employees of the combined company and accelerated vesting, $12.7 million represented professional and consulting fees related to planned integration activities and $3.5 million represented special recognition awards granted to certain employees involved in the transaction and integration planning processes of the SBCL acquisition. The remaining $36 million represented a charge to earnings in the fourth quarter of 1999 representing the costs associated with planned integration activities affecting Quest Diagnostics' operations and employees. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details. (g) In conjunction with our debt refinancing in 2001, we recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of $42 million. The loss represented the write-off of deferred financing costs of $23 million, associated with the debt which was refinanced, and $13 million of payments related primarily to the tender premium incurred in connection with our cash tender offer of our 10 3/4% senior subordinated notes due 2006. The remaining $6 million of losses represented amounts incurred in conjunction with the cancellation of certain interest rate swap agreements which were terminated in connection with the debt that was refinanced. See Note 7 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details. (h) During the fourth quarter of 2000, we recorded a $4.8 million loss on the extinguishment of debt representing the write-off of deferred financing costs resulting from the prepayment of $155 million of term loans under our then existing senior secured credit facility. (i) In conjunction with the acquisition of SBCL, we repaid the entire amount outstanding under our then existing credit agreement. The loss on the extinguishment of debt recorded in the third quarter of 1999 35 represented $3.6 million of deferred financing costs, which were written-off in connection with the extinguishment of the then existing credit agreement. (j) Potentially dilutive common shares primarily include stock options and restricted common shares granted under our Employee Equity Participation Program. During the period in which net income available for common stockholders is a loss, diluted weighted average common shares outstanding equals basic weighted average common shares outstanding, since under this circumstance, the incremental shares would have an anti-dilutive effect. (k) On December 31, 2001, the Company repurchased all of its then outstanding preferred stock for its par value of $1 million plus accrued dividends. 36 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OVERVIEW The underlying fundamentals of the diagnostic testing industry have improved since the early to mid-1990s, which was a period of declining reimbursement and reduced test utilization. During the early 1990s, the industry was negatively impacted by significant government regulation and investigations into various billing practices. In addition, the rapid growth of managed care, as a result of the need to reduce overall healthcare costs, and excess laboratory testing capacity, led to revenue and profit declines across the diagnostic testing industry, which in turn led to industry consolidation, particularly among commercial laboratories. As a result of these dynamics, fewer but larger commercial laboratories have emerged, which have greater economies of scale, rigorous programs designed to assure compliance with government billing regulations and other laws, and a more disciplined approach to pricing services. These changes have resulted in improved profitability and a reduced risk of non-compliance with complex government regulations. At the same time, a slowdown in the growth of managed care and decreasing influence by managed care organizations on the ordering of clinical laboratory testing by physicians has contributed to renewed growth in testing and further improvements in profitability since 1999. Partially offsetting these favorable trends have been changes in the United States economy during the last several years, which has resulted in an increase in the number of unemployed and uninsured. In addition, in an attempt to slow the rapidly rising costs of healthcare, employers and healthcare insurers have made design changes to healthcare plans, which shift a larger portion of healthcare costs to consumers. We believe that these factors have reduced the utilization of healthcare services in general. Orders for laboratory testing are generated from physician offices, hospitals and employers. As such, factors such as the number of unemployed and uninsured and design changes in healthcare plans, which impact the level of employment or the number of physicians office and hospital visits, will impact the utilization of laboratory testing. We believe the diagnostic testing industry has continued to grow during the last several years despite the slowdown in the United States economy and the changes in healthcare plan design, and that growth will accelerate as the economy improves. In addition, over the longer term, growth is expected to accelerate as a result of the following factors: o general expansion and aging of the United States population; o continuing research and development in the area of genomics and proteomics, which is expected to yield new, more sophisticated and specialized diagnostics tests; o increasing recognition by consumers and payers of the value of early detection and prevention which can be provided through laboratory testing as a means to improve health and reduce the overall cost of healthcare; and o increasing affordability of tests due to advances in technology and cost efficiencies. Quest Diagnostics, as the largest clinical laboratory testing company with a leading position in most of its geographic markets and service offerings, is well positioned to benefit from the growth expected in the industry. Payments for clinical laboratory testing services are made by the government, health insurers, physicians, hospitals, employers and patients. Physicians, hospitals and employers are typically billed on a fee-for-service basis based on fee schedules, which are typically negotiated. Fees billed to patients and health insurers are based on the laboratory's patient fee schedule, subject to any limitations on fees negotiated with the health insurers or with physicians on behalf of their patients. Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements are based on fee schedules set by governmental authorities. We incur significant additional costs as a result of our participation in Medicare and Medicaid programs, as billing and reimbursement for clinical laboratory testing is subject to considerable and complex federal and state regulations. These additional costs include those related to: (1) complexity added to our billing processes; (2) training and education of our employees and customers; (3) compliance and legal costs; and (4) costs related to, among other factors, medical necessity denials and advance beneficiary notices. Compliance with applicable laws and regulations, as well as internal compliance policies and procedures, adds further complexity and costs to the billing process. We have implemented "best practices" that have significantly improved our billing and collection processes. These efforts, together with our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives, have significantly reduced bad debt expense as a percentage of net revenues over the last several years. While the 37 total cost to comply with Medicare administrative requirements is disproportionate to our cost to bill other payers, average Medicare reimbursement rates approximate the Company's overall average reimbursement rate from all payers, making this business generally less profitable. Government payers, such as Medicare and Medicaid, as well as insurers and larger employers have taken steps and may continue to take steps to control the cost, utilization and delivery of healthcare services, including clinical laboratory services. Principally as a result of reimbursement reductions and measures adopted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS (formerly the Health Care Financing Administration) which establishes procedures and continuously evaluates and implements changes in the reimbursement process to control utilization, the percentage of our aggregate net revenues derived from Medicare and Medicaid programs declined from approximately 20% in 1995 to approximately 17% in 2003. Despite the added cost and complexity of participating in the Medicare and Medicaid programs, we continue to participate in such programs because we believe that our other business may significantly depend on continued participation in the Medicare and Medicaid programs, because many customers want a single laboratory to perform all of their clinical laboratory testing services, regardless of who pays for such services. Health insurers, which typically contract with a limited number of clinical laboratories for their members, represent approximately one-half of our total testing volumes and one-half of our net revenues. Larger health insurers typically prefer to use large commercial clinical laboratories because they can provide services on a national or regional basis and can manage networks of local or regional laboratories to provide even broader access to their members and physicians. In certain markets, such as California, health insurers delegate their covered members to independent physician associations, or IPA, which in turn contract with laboratories for clinical laboratory services. Over the last decade, health insurers have been consolidating, resulting in fewer but larger insurers with significant bargaining power to negotiate fee arrangements with healthcare providers, including clinical laboratories. These health insurers demand that clinical laboratory service providers accept discounted fee structures or assume all or a portion of the financial risk associated with providing testing services to their members through capitated payment contracts. Under these capitated payment contracts, the Company and health insurers agree to a predetermined monthly contractual rate for each member of the health insurer's plan regardless of the number or cost of services provided by the Company. Capitated agreements have historically been priced aggressively, particularly for exclusive or semi-exclusive arrangements. In 2003, we derived approximately 14% of our testing volume and 8% of our net revenues from capitated payment contracts. In recent years, there has been a shift in the way major insurers contract with clinical laboratories. Health insurers have begun to offer more freedom of choice to their affiliated physicians, including greater freedom to determine which laboratory to use and which tests to order. Accordingly, most of our agreements with major health insurers are non-exclusive arrangements. As a result, under these non-exclusive arrangements, physicians have more freedom of choice in selecting laboratories, and laboratories are likely to compete more on the basis of service and quality rather than price alone. Also, health insurers have been giving patients greater freedom of choice and patients have increasingly been selecting plans (such as preferred provider organizations and consumer driven plans) that offer a greater choice of providers. Pricing for these preferred provider organizations is typically negotiated on a fee-for-service basis, which generally results in higher revenue per requisition than under a capitated fee arrangement. Despite these trends, health insurers continue to aggressively seek cost reductions in order to keep their premiums to their customers competitive. We expect that the overall reimbursement dynamics for all payers on a combined basis are neutral for the diagnostic testing industry. Today, many federal and state governments face serious budget deficits and healthcare spending is a prime target for reductions. For example, the Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 eliminated for five years (beginning January 1, 2004) the provision for annual increases to the Medicare national fee schedule based on the consumer price index. Efforts to impose reduced reimbursements and more stringent cost controls by government and other payers for existing tests may continue. However, we believe that as new tests are developed which either improve on the effectiveness of existing tests or provide new diagnostic capabilities, government and other payers will add these tests as covered services, because of the importance of laboratory testing in assessing and managing the health of patients. We continue to emphasize the importance and the high value of laboratory testing with insurers and government payers at the federal and state level. The diagnostic testing industry is subject to seasonal fluctuations in operating results and cash flows. Typically, testing volume declines during the summer months, year-end holiday periods and other major holidays, reducing net revenues and operating cash flows below annual averages. Testing volume is also subject to declines in winter months due to inclement weather, which varies in severity from year to year. 38 The diagnostic testing industry is labor intensive. Employee compensation and benefits constitute approximately one-half of our total costs and expenses. Cost of services consists principally of costs for obtaining, transporting and testing specimens. Selling, general and administrative expenses consist principally of the costs associated with our sales force, billing operations (including bad debt expense), and general management and administrative support. Information systems are used extensively in virtually all aspects of our business, including laboratory testing, billing, customer service, logistics, and management of medical data. Our success depends, in part, on the continued and uninterrupted performance of our information technology systems. In 2002, we began implementation of a standard laboratory information system and a standard billing system, which we expect will take several more years to complete. Through proper planning and execution, we expect to reduce the risks associated with systems conversions of this type, and minimize any disruptions in our operations. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and assumptions and select accounting policies that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses in our financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. While many operational aspects of our business are subject to complex federal, state and local regulations, the accounting for our business is generally straightforward with net revenues primarily recognized upon completion of the testing process. Our revenues are primarily comprised of a high volume of relatively low dollar transactions, and about one-half of our total costs and expenses consist of employee compensation and benefits. Due to the nature of our business, several of our accounting policies involve significant estimates and judgments: o revenues and accounts receivable; o reserves for general and professional liability claims; o billing-related settlement reserves; and o accounting for and recoverability of goodwill. Revenues and accounts receivable The process for estimating the ultimate collection of receivables involves significant assumptions and judgments. Billings for services under third-party payer programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, are recorded as revenues net of allowances for differences between amounts billed and the estimated receipts under such programs. Adjustments to the estimated receipts, based on final settlement with the third-party payers, are recorded upon settlement as an adjustment to net revenues. We have implemented a monthly standardized approach to estimate and review the collectibility of our receivables based on the period they have been outstanding. Historical collection and payer reimbursement experience is an integral part of the estimation process related to reserves for doubtful accounts. In addition, we assess the current state of our billing functions in order to identify any known collection or reimbursement issues in order to assess the impact, if any, on our reserve estimates, which involves judgment. We believe that the collectibility of our receivables is directly linked to the quality of our billing processes, most notably those related to obtaining the correct information in order to bill effectively for the services we provide. As such, we have implemented "best practices" to reduce the number of requisitions that we receive from healthcare providers with missing or incorrect billing information. Revisions in reserve for doubtful accounts estimates are recorded as an adjustment to bad debt expense within selling, general and administrative expenses. We believe that our collection and reserves processes, along with our close monitoring of our billing processes, helps to reduce the risk associated with material revisions to reserve estimates resulting from adverse changes in collection and reimbursement experience and billing operations. Reserves for general and professional liability claims As a general matter, providers of clinical laboratory testing services may be subject to lawsuits alleging negligence or other similar legal claims. These suits could involve claims for substantial damages. Any professional liability litigation could also have an adverse impact on our client base and reputation. We maintain 39 various liability insurance programs for claims that could result from providing or failing to provide clinical laboratory testing services, including inaccurate testing results and other exposures. Our insurance coverage limits our maximum exposure on individual claims; however, we are essentially self-insured for a significant portion of these claims. While the basis for claims reserves incorporates actuarially determined losses based upon our historical and projected loss experience, the process of analyzing, assessing and establishing reserve estimates relative to these types of claims involves a high degree of judgment. Changes in the facts and circumstances associated with a claim could have a material impact on our results of operations, principally costs of services, and cash flows in the period that reserve estimates are revised. We believe that present insurance coverage and reserves are sufficient to cover currently estimated exposures, but we cannot assure investors that we will not incur liabilities in excess of recorded reserves. Similarly, although we believe that we will be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage in the future at acceptable costs, we cannot assure investors that we will be able to do so. Billing-related settlement reserves Our business is subject to extensive and frequently changing federal, state and local laws and regulations. We have entered into several settlement agreements with various government and private payers during recent years relating to industry-wide billing and marketing practices that had been substantially discontinued by early 1993. In addition, we are aware of several pending lawsuits filed under the qui tam provisions of the civil False Claims Act and have received notices of private claims relating to billing issues similar to those that were the subject of prior settlements with various government payers. We have a comprehensive compliance program that is intended to ensure the strict implementation and observance of all applicable laws, regulations and Company policies. The Quality, Safety and Compliance Committee of the Board of Directors requires periodic reporting of compliance operations from management. As an integral part of our compliance program, we investigate all reported or suspected failures to comply with federal healthcare reimbursement requirements. Any non-compliance that results in Medicare or Medicaid overpayments is reported to the government and reimbursed by us. As a result of these efforts, we have periodically identified and reported overpayments. While we have reimbursed these overpayments and have taken corrective action where appropriate, we cannot assure investors that in each instance the government will necessarily accept these actions as sufficient. While we believe that we are in material compliance with all applicable laws, many of the regulations applicable to us, including those relating to billing and reimbursement of tests and those relating to relationships with physicians and hospitals, are vague or indefinite and have not been interpreted by the courts. They may be interpreted or applied by a prosecutorial, regulatory or judicial authority in a manner that could require us to make changes in our operations, including our billing practices. If we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, we could suffer civil and criminal penalties, including the loss of licenses or our ability to participate in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal and state healthcare programs. Although management believes that established reserves for billing-related claims are sufficient, it is possible that additional information (such as the indication by the government of criminal activity, additional tests being questioned or other changes in the government's or private claimants' theories of wrongdoing) may become available which may cause the final resolution of these matters to exceed established reserves by an amount which could be material to our results of operations and cash flows in the period in which such claims are settled. We do not believe that these issues will have a material adverse effect on our overall financial condition. Accounting for and recoverability of goodwill In July 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or SFAS, No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets", or SFAS 142. The impact of adopting SFAS 142 is summarized in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Effective January 1, 2002, we evaluate the recoverability and measure the potential impairment of our goodwill under SFAS 142. The annual impairment test is a two-step process that begins with the estimation of the fair value of the reporting unit. The first step screens for potential impairment and the second step measures the amount of the impairment, if any. Our estimate of fair value considers publicly available information regarding the market capitalization of our Company, as well as (i) publicly available information regarding comparable publicly-traded companies in the clinical laboratory testing industry, (ii) the financial projections and future prospects of our business, including its growth opportunities and likely operational improvements, and (iii) comparable sales prices, if available. As part of the first step to assess potential impairment, we compare 40 our estimate of fair value for the Company to the book value of our consolidated net assets. If the book value of our consolidated net assets is greater than our estimate of fair value, we would then proceed to the second step to measure the impairment, if any. The second step compares the implied fair value of goodwill with its carrying value. The implied fair value is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination and the fair value of the reporting unit was the purchase price paid to acquire the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit's goodwill is greater than its implied fair value, an impairment loss will be recognized in the amount of the excess. We believe our estimation methods are reasonable and reflective of common valuation practices. On a quarterly basis, we perform a review of our business to determine if events or changes in circumstances have occurred which could have a material adverse effect on the fair value of the Company and its goodwill. If such events or changes in circumstances were deemed to have occurred, we would perform an impairment test of goodwill as of the end of the quarter, consistent with the annual impairment test, and record any noted impairment loss. ACQUISITION OF UNILAB CORPORATION On February 28, 2003, we completed the acquisition of Unilab Corporation, or Unilab, the leading commercial clinical laboratory in California. In connection with the acquisition, we paid $297 million in cash and issued 7.1 million shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock to acquire all of the outstanding capital stock of Unilab. In addition, we reserved approximately 0.3 million shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock for outstanding stock options of Unilab which were converted upon the completion of the acquisition into options to acquire shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock. In connection with the acquisition of Unilab, as part of a settlement agreement with the United States Federal Trade Commission, we entered into an agreement to sell to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Inc., or LabCorp, certain assets in northern California for $4.5 million, including the assignment of agreements with four IPA's and leases for 46 patient service centers (five of which also serve as rapid response laboratories), or the Divestiture. We completed the transfer of assets and assignment of the IPA agreements to LabCorp and recorded a $1.5 million gain in the third quarter of 2003 in connection with the Divestiture, which is included in "other operating (income) expense, net" in the consolidated statements of operations. See Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a full discussion of the Unilab acquisition and the Divestiture. INTEGRATION OF ACQUIRED BUSINESSES In July 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, "Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities", or SFAS 146. SFAS 146, which we adopted effective January 1, 2003, requires that a liability for a cost associated with an exit activity, including those related to employee termination benefits and contractual obligations, be recognized when the liability is incurred, and not necessarily the date of an entity's commitment to an exit plan, as under previous accounting guidance. The provisions of SFAS 146 apply to integration costs associated with actions that impact the employees and operations of Quest Diagnostics. Costs associated with actions that impact the employees and operations of an acquired company, such as Unilab, are accounted for as a cost of the acquisition and included in goodwill in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force No. 95-3, "Recognition of Liabilities in Connection with a Purchase Business Combination". Unilab Corporation As part of the Unilab acquisition, we acquired all of Unilab's operations, including its primary testing facilities in Los Angeles, San Jose and Sacramento, California, and approximately 365 patient service centers and 35 rapid response laboratories and approximately 4,100 employees. During the fourth quarter of 2003, we finalized our plan related to the integration of Unilab into our laboratory network. As part of the plan, following the sale of certain assets to LabCorp as part of the Divestiture, we closed our previously owned clinical laboratory in the San Francisco Bay area and completed the integration of remaining customers in the northern California area to Unilab's laboratories in San Jose and Sacramento. We continue to have two laboratories in the Los Angeles metropolitan area (our facilities in Van Nuys and Tarzana). We plan to open a new regional laboratory in the Los Angeles metropolitan area and then integrate our business in the Los Angeles metropolitan area into the new facility. 41 We expect to incur up to $20 million of costs through 2005 to integrate Unilab and our existing California operations. During 2003, we recorded $9 million of such costs associated with executing the plan. The majority of these integration costs related to employee severance and contractual obligations associated with leased facilities and equipment. Employee groups affected as a result of this plan include those involved in the collection and testing of specimens, as well as administrative and other support functions. Of the $9 million in costs, $7.9 million was recorded in the fourth quarter and related to actions that impact the employees and operations of Unilab, was accounted for as a cost of the Unilab acquisition and included in goodwill. Of the $7.9 million, $6.8 million related to employee severance benefits for approximately 150 employees, with the remainder primarily related to contractual obligations. In addition, $1.1 million of integration costs, related to actions that impact Quest Diagnostics' employees and operations and comprised principally of employee severance benefits for approximately 30 employees, were accounted for as a charge to earnings in the third quarter of 2003 and included in "other operating (income) expense, net" within the consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2003, accruals related to the Unilab integration plan totaled approximately $7 million. While the majority of the accrued costs at December 31, 2003 are expected to be paid in 2004, there are certain severance costs that have payment terms extending into 2005. The remaining estimated costs associated with executing the Unilab integration plan relate to actions which are expected to take place through 2005. Such costs will be accounted for as a charge to earnings in the periods that the related actions are taken. Upon completion of the Unilab integration, we expect to realize approximately $25 million to $30 million of annual synergies and we expect to achieve this annual rate of synergies by the end of 2005. American Medical Laboratories, Incorporated and Clinical Diagnostics Services, Incorporated On April 1, 2002, we completed our acquisition of all of the outstanding voting stock of American Medical Laboratories, Incorporated, or AML. In addition, during the fourth quarter of 2001, we acquired all of the voting stock of Clinical Diagnostic Services, Inc. See Notes 3 and 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a full discussion of these transactions. SIX SIGMA AND STANDARDIZATION INITIATIVES We intend to become recognized as the quality leader in the healthcare services industry. We continue to implement our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives throughout all aspects of our organization. Six Sigma is a management approach that requires a thorough understanding of customer needs and requirements, root cause analysis, process improvements and rigorous tracking and measuring of services. We have integrated our Six Sigma initiative with our initiative to standardize operations and processes across all of our Company by adopting identified Company best practices. We plan to continue these initiatives during the next several years and expect that their successful implementation will result in measurable improvements in customer satisfaction and operating results. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003 COMPARED WITH YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002 Net income for the year ended December 31, 2003 increased to $437 million from $322 million for the prior year period. This increase in earnings was primarily attributable to revenue growth and improved efficiencies generated from our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives. Net Revenues Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2003 grew by 15.3% over the prior year level and include the results of Unilab, which was acquired on February 28, 2003, for ten months. Net revenues for 2003 also included twelve months of results for AML, which was acquired on April 1, 2002. Pro forma revenue growth, assuming that the Unilab and AML acquisitions and the related Divestiture had been completed on January 1, 2002, was 4.3% for the year ended December 31, 2003. For the year ended December 31, 2003, clinical testing volume, measured by the number of requisitions, increased 11.3% compared to 2002. On a pro forma basis, assuming that the Unilab and AML acquisitions and the Divestiture had been completed on January 1, 2002, testing volume declined 1.2%. The combined effect of the severe winter storms and the New Jersey physicians' strike during the first quarter of 2003 and Hurricane 42 Isabel and the blackout in the third quarter of 2003 reduced testing volume by approximately 0.5% for the year ended December 31, 2003. In addition, our drugs-of-abuse testing business, which is most directly impacted by economic conditions and accounts for approximately 3% of our net revenues and 6% of our testing volume, declined during 2003, reducing Company-wide testing volume growth by approximately 0.5%. Both reported and pro forma testing volume have been impacted by general economic conditions, which have increased the number of uninsured and unemployed and, we believe, have reduced utilization of healthcare services in 2003. For the year ended December 31, 2003, average revenue per requisition improved 3.6%, or 5.1% on a pro forma basis, assuming that the Unilab and AML acquisitions and the Divestiture had been completed on January 1, 2002. These improvements in average revenue per requisition were primarily attributable to a continuing shift in test mix to higher value testing, including gene-based and esoteric testing. Gene-based testing net revenues exceeded $500 million for 2003, and grew over 20% compared to the prior year. In addition, a shift in payer mix to higher priced fee-for-service reimbursement contributed a portion of the increase in average revenue per requisition. The inclusion of Unilab's results subsequent to February 28, 2003 served to reduce average revenue per requisition, reflecting Unilab's lower revenue per requisition. Our businesses, other than clinical laboratory testing, which represent approximately 4% of our consolidated net revenues, grew approximately 16% during the year and contributed about 0.5% to the reported growth in net revenues. Operating Costs and Expenses Total operating costs and expenses for 2003 increased $426 million from 2002 primarily due to increases in our clinical testing volume (largely as a result of the Unilab acquisition), employee compensation and benefits, testing supply costs and depreciation expense. While our cost structure has been favorably impacted by the improved efficiencies generated from our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives, we continue to make investments to enhance our infrastructure to pursue our overall business strategy. These investments include: o Skills training for all employees, which together with our competitive pay and benefits, helps to increase employee satisfaction and performance, which we believe will result in better service to our customers; o Our information technology strategy, which is designed to improve our efficiency and provide better service to our customers; and o Our strategic growth opportunities. Cost of services, which includes the costs of obtaining, transporting and testing specimens, was 58.4% of net revenues for 2003, compared to 59.2% in the prior year. This improvement was primarily the result of efficiency gains resulting from our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives and the increase in average revenue per requisition. This improvement was partially offset by initial installation costs of deploying our Internet-based orders and results systems in physicians' offices and our patient service centers. The increase in the number of orders and test results reported via our Internet-based systems is improving the initial collection of billing information which is reducing the cost of billing and bad debt expense, both of which are components of selling, general and administrative expenses. At December 31, 2003, approximately 25% of our orders and approximately 35% of our test results were being transmitted via the Internet. Additionally, we are seeing an increase in the number of physicians who no longer draw blood in their office, which is resulting in an increase in the number of blood draws in our patient service centers or by our phlebotomists placed in physicians' offices. This shift has increased our operating costs associated with our blood draws, but is reducing costs in accessioning and other parts of our operations due to improved billing information and a reduction in the number of inadequate patient samples obtained by our trained phlebotomists compared to samples collected by physician employed phlebotomists. Selling, general and administrative expenses, which include the costs of the sales force, billing operations, bad debt expense and general management and administrative support, decreased during 2003, as a percentage of net revenues, to 24.6% from 26.2% in the prior year. This improvement was primarily due to efficiencies from our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives and the improvement in average revenue per requisition. During 2003, bad debt expense improved to 4.8% of net revenues, compared to 5.3% in 2002. The reduction in bad debt expense as a percentage of net revenues occurred despite the addition of Unilab, which has higher levels of bad debt than the rest of Quest Diagnostics. This improvement primarily relates to the collection of diagnosis, patient and insurance information necessary to more effectively bill for services performed. We believe that our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives and the increased use of electronic ordering by our customers will provide additional opportunities to further improve our overall collection experience and cost structure. 43 Other operating (income) expense, net represents miscellaneous income and expense items related to operating activities, and includes gains and losses associated with the disposal of operating assets. Operating Income Operating income for the year ended December 31, 2003 improved to $796 million, or 16.8% of net revenues, from $592 million, or 14.4% of net revenues, in 2002. The increase in operating income was primarily due to revenue growth and improved efficiencies generated from our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives. Other Income (Expense) Net interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2003 increased from 2002 by $6 million and was primarily attributable to the amounts borrowed to finance the acquisition of Unilab and to repay substantially all of Unilab's outstanding debt, partially offset by decreased amounts borrowed under our secured receivables credit facility. Other income (expense), net represents miscellaneous income and expense items related to non-operating activities such as gains and losses associated with investments and other non-operating assets. YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002 COMPARED WITH YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2001 Net income for the year ended December 31, 2002 increased to $322 million from $162 million for the year ended December 31, 2001. Assuming that the provisions of SFAS 142 related to accounting for goodwill amortization had been in effect in 2001, net income for the year ended December 31, 2001 would have been $198 million. The increase in earnings was primarily attributable to revenue growth, improved efficiencies generated from our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives, and a reduction in net interest expense, partially offset by increases in employee compensation and supply costs, depreciation expense and investments in our information technology strategy and strategic growth opportunities. In addition, results for the year ended December 31, 2001 included a loss on debt extinguishment of $42 million, which was incurred in conjunction with our debt refinancing in the second quarter of 2001. Net Revenues Net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2002 grew by 13.2% compared with the prior year. The acquisition of AML, which was completed on April 1, 2002, contributed approximately one-half of the increase in net revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2002, clinical testing volume, measured by the number of requisitions, increased 9.7% compared with the prior year. Assuming AML had been part of Quest Diagnostics in 2001, clinical testing volume would have increased above the prior year level by 3.4% on a pro forma basis. Other smaller acquisitions completed in 2001 contributed approximately 1.5% to testing volume growth in 2002. Partially offsetting these increases was a decline in testing volumes associated with our drugs of abuse testing business, which reduced total Company testing volume for the year ended December 31, 2002 by about one-half of a percent. Drugs of abuse testing, which accounted for approximately 7% of our testing volume and 4% of our net revenues, was impacted by a general slowing of the economy and a corresponding slowdown in hiring. Average revenue per requisition increased 3.2% for the year ended December 31, 2002, compared with the prior year. The improvement in average revenue per requisition was primarily attributable to a continuing shift in test mix to higher value testing, including gene-based testing, which contributed over one-half of the improvement, and a shift in payer mix to higher priced fee-for-service reimbursement. We continued to see strong growth in our gene-based and esoteric testing with gene-based testing net revenues, which approached $400 million for the year, growing at more than 20% compared with the prior year. Our businesses, other than clinical laboratory testing, which accounted for approximately 4% of our total net revenues in 2002, grew about 15% over the prior year and accounted for 0.6% of the 13.2% increase in net revenues, or approximately $20 million. Most of this increase was from our MedPlus subsidiary, which we acquired in November 2001, which develops clinical connectivity products designed to enhance patient care. Operating Costs and Expenses Total operating costs for the year ended December 31, 2002 increased $300 million from the prior year primarily due to increases in our clinical testing volume, largely as a result of the AML acquisition, employee compensation and supply costs and depreciation expense; partially offset by reductions in amortization of 44 goodwill and bad debt expense. While our cost structure has been favorably impacted by the synergies realized as a result of the integration of SBCL and the improved efficiencies generated from our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives, we continue to make investments to enhance our infrastructure to pursue our overall business strategy. These investments include those related to: o Skills training for all employees, which together with our competitive pay and benefits, helps to increase employee satisfaction and performance, which we believe will result in better service to our customers; o Our information technology strategy, which is designed to improve our efficiency and provide better service to our customers; and o Our strategic growth opportunities. Cost of services, which includes the costs of obtaining, transporting and testing specimens, was 59.2% of net revenues for the year ended December 31, 2002, decreasing slightly from 59.3% in the prior year. The positive impact of our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives and the increase in average revenue per requisition, which reduced cost of services as a percentage of net revenues, was partially offset by the addition of AML's higher cost of services as of April 1, 2002. Cost of services has also increased due to a greater percentage of patients having their blood drawn in our patient service centers or by our phlebotomists placed in physicians' offices. During 2002, in an effort to reduce their costs, many physicians took action to simplify activities in their offices by ceasing blood draws by physician staff. Additionally, reflected in the cost of services are the one-time installation costs of deploying our Internet-based orders and results systems in physicians' offices. As of December 31, 2002, approximately 10% of all orders and 15% of all test results were being transmitted via the Internet. Both the reduction of blood draws in the physicians' offices and the increased use of the Internet for ordering and resulting are improving the initial collection of billing information and generating savings in the cost of billing and bad debt expense, both of which are components of selling, general and administrative expense. Increased blood draws by Company-trained employee phlebotomists also improve the overall preparation of the blood sample, which can improve efficiency of the testing process. Selling, general and administrative expenses, which include the costs of the sales force, billing operations, bad debt expense and general management and administrative support, decreased during the year ended December 31, 2002 as a percentage of net revenues to 26.2% from 28.1% in the prior year. This decrease was primarily due to efficiencies from our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives, in particular bad debt expense, the improvement in average revenue per requisition and the impact of AML's cost structure as of April 1, 2002. During 2002, bad debt expense improved to 5.3% of net revenues, compared to 6.0% of net revenues in 2001. The improvements in bad debt expense were principally attributable to the continued progress that we have made in our overall collection experience through process improvements, driven by our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives. These improvements primarily relate to the collection of diagnosis, patient and insurance information necessary to effectively bill for services performed. We believe that our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives will provide additional opportunities to further improve our overall collection experience. Amortization of goodwill for the year ended December 31, 2002 decreased from the prior year by $38 million as the result of adopting SFAS 142, effective January 1, 2002. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details regarding the impact of SFAS 142. Other operating (income) expense, net represents miscellaneous income and expense items related to operating activities, such as gains and losses associated with the disposal of operating assets. Operating Income Operating income for the year ended December 31, 2002 improved to $592 million, or 14.4% of net revenues, from $412 million, or 11.3% of net revenues, in 2001. The increase in operating income was primarily due to revenue growth, improved efficiencies generated from our Six Sigma and standardization initiatives and a reduction in amortization of goodwill, partially offset by increases in employee compensation and supply costs, depreciation expense and investments in our information technology strategy and strategic growth opportunities. Other Income (Expense) Net interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2002 decreased from the prior year by $17 million. The reduction was primarily due to the favorable impact of our debt refinancings in 2001 and a favorable interest rate environment. 45 In 2001, we refinanced a majority of our long-term debt on a senior unsecured basis. Specifically, we completed a $550 million senior notes offering, or the Senior Notes, and entered into a new $500 million senior unsecured credit facility, or the Credit Agreement, which included a five-year $325 million revolving credit agreement and a $175 million term loan. We used the net proceeds from the senior notes offering and the term loan, together with cash on hand, to repay all of the $584 million which was outstanding under our then existing senior secured credit agreement, including the costs to settle existing interest rate swap agreements, and to consummate a cash tender offer of our 10 3/4% senior subordinated notes due 2006, or the Subordinated Notes. In conjunction with our debt refinancing, we recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of $42 million, $36 million of which represented the write-off of $23 million of deferred financing costs, associated with the debt which was refinanced, and $13 million of payments related primarily to the tender premium incurred in connection with our cash tender offer for our Subordinated Notes. The remaining $6 million of losses represented amounts incurred in conjunction with the cancellation of certain interest rate swap agreements, which were terminated in connection with the debt that was refinanced. Prior to our debt refinancing, our secured credit agreement required us to maintain interest rate swap agreements to mitigate the risk of changes in interest rates associated with a portion of our variable interest rate indebtedness. Other income (expense), net, represents miscellaneous income and expense items related to non-operating activities, such as gains and losses associated with investments and other non-operating assets. For the year ended December 31, 2002, other income (expense), net includes a $4.9 million pretax gain on the sale of certain assets, partially offset by losses on miscellaneous non-operating assets. For the year ended December 31, 2001, other income (expense), net includes the net impact of writing-off $9.6 million of certain impaired assets, partially offset by a $6.3 million gain on the sale of an investment. Income Taxes During 2001, our effective tax rate was significantly impacted by goodwill amortization, the majority of which was not deductible for tax purposes, and had the effect of increasing the overall tax rate. The reduction in the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2002 was primarily due to the elimination of amortization of goodwill (as a result of adopting SFAS 142, effective January 1, 2002) the majority of which was not deductible for tax purposes. IMPACT OF CONTINGENT CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES ON DILUTED EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE On November 26, 2001, we completed our $250 million offering of 1 3/4% contingent convertible debentures due 2021, or the Debentures. Each one thousand dollar principal amount of Debentures is convertible into 11.429 shares of our common stock, which represents an initial conversion price of $87.50 per share. Holders may surrender the Debentures for conversion into shares of our common stock under any of the following circumstances: (i) if the sales price of our common stock is above 120% of the conversion price (or $105 per share) for specified periods; (ii) if we call the Debentures; or (iii) if specified corporate transactions have occurred. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of the Debentures. The if-converted method is used in determining the dilutive effect of the Debentures in periods when the holders of such securities are permitted to exercise their conversion rights. As of and for each of the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, the holders of our Debentures did not have the ability to exercise their conversion rights. Had the requirements to allow the holders to exercise their conversion rights been met and the Debentures remained outstanding for the entire period, diluted earnings per common share would have been reduced by approximately 2% during each of the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK We address our exposure to market risks, principally the market risk of changes in interest rates, through a controlled program of risk management that may include the use of derivative financial instruments. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. We do not believe that our foreign exchange exposure is material to our financial position or results of operations. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of our financial instruments and hedging activities. At December 31, 2003 and 2002, the fair value of our debt was estimated at $1.2 billion and $899 million, respectively, using quoted market prices and yields for the same or similar types of borrowings, taking into account the underlying terms of the debt instruments. At December 31, 2003 and 2002, the estimated fair value exceeded the carrying value of the debt by approximately $86 million and $77 million, respectively. An 46 assumed 10% increase in interest rates (representing approximately 50 and 60 basis points at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively) would potentially reduce the estimated fair value of our debt by approximately $17 million and $21 million, respectively, at December 31, 2003 and 2002. The Debentures have a contingent interest component that will require us to pay contingent interest based on certain thresholds, as outlined in the indenture governing the Debentures. The contingent interest component, which is more fully described in Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, is considered to be a derivative instrument subject to SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities", as amended. As such, the derivative was recorded at its fair value in the consolidated balance sheets and was not material at December 31, 2003 and 2002. Borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility under our Credit Agreement, our term loan facilities and our secured receivables credit facility are subject to variable interest rates, unless fixed through interest rate swaps or other agreements. Interest rates on our unsecured revolving credit facility and term loans are subject to a pricing schedule that can fluctuate based on changes in our credit rating. As such, our borrowing cost under these credit arrangements will be subject to both fluctuations in interest rates and changes in our credit rating. As of December 31, 2003, our borrowing rate for LIBOR-based loans was principally LIBOR plus 1.1875%. At December 31, 2003, there was $305 million outstanding under our term loan due June 2007 and there were no borrowings outstanding under our unsecured revolving credit facility or secured receivables credit facility. Based on our net exposure to interest rate changes, an assumed 10% change in interest rates on our variable rate indebtedness (representing approximately 12 basis points) would impact annual net interest expense by approximately $0.4 million, assuming no changes to the debt outstanding at December 31, 2003. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2003 totaled $155 million, compared to $97 million at December 31, 2002. Cash flows from operating activities in 2003 provided cash of $663 million, which together with cash on-hand were used to fund investing and financing activities, which required cash of $417 million and $188 million, respectively. Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2002 totaled $97 million, a decrease of $26 million from December 31, 2001. Cash flows from operating activities in 2002 provided cash of $596 million, which together with cash on-hand were used to fund investing and financing activities, which required cash of $477 million and $145 million, respectively. Cash Flows from Operating Activities Net cash provided by operating activities for 2003 was $663 million compared to $596 million in the prior year period. This increase was primarily due to improved operating performance, partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable associated with growth in net revenues. Days sales outstanding, a measure of billing and collection efficiency, improved to 48 days at December 31, 2003 from 49 days at December 31, 2002. Net cash provided by operating activities for 2002 benefited from our ability to accelerate the tax deduction for certain operating expenses resulting from Internal Revenue Service rule changes. Net cash from operating activities for 2002 was $131 million higher than the 2001 level. This increase was primarily due to improved operating performance, our ability to accelerate the tax deductions resulting from Internal Revenue Service rule changes, efficiencies in our billing and collection processes and a reduction in SBCL integration costs paid. The increase was partially offset by settlement payments, primarily related to contractual disputes previously reserved for, and a decrease in the tax benefits realized associated with the exercise of employee stock options. The year-over-year comparisons were also impacted by the payment of indemnifiable tax matters to GlaxoSmithKline in 2002 and cash received from Corning Incorporated in 2001 related to an indemnified billing-related claim. Days sales outstanding decreased to 49 days at December 31, 2002 from 54 days at December 31, 2001. Cash Flows from Investing Activities Net cash used in investing activities in 2003 was $417 million, consisting primarily of acquisition and related transaction costs of $238 million to acquire the outstanding capital stock of Unilab and capital expenditures of $175 million. The acquisition and related transaction costs included the cash portion of the 47 Unilab purchase price of $297 million and approximately $12 million of transaction costs paid in 2003, partially offset by $72 million of cash acquired from Unilab. Net cash used in investing activities in 2002 was $477 million, consisting primarily of acquisition and related costs of $334 million, primarily to acquire the outstanding voting stock of AML, and capital expenditures of $155 million. Cash Flows from Financing Activities Net cash used in financing activities in 2003 was $188 million, consisting primarily of debt repayments totaling $392 million and purchases of treasury stock totaling $258 million, partially offset by $450 million of borrowings under our term loan due June 2007. Borrowings under our term loan due June 2007 were used to finance the cash portion of the purchase price and related transaction costs associated with the acquisition of Unilab, and to repay $220 million of debt, representing substantially all of Unilab's then existing outstanding debt, and related accrued interest. Of the $220 million, $124 million represented payments related to our cash tender offer, which was completed on March 7, 2003, for all of the outstanding $101 million principal amount of Unilab's 12 3/4% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009 and $23 million of related tender premium and associated tender offer costs. The remaining debt repayments in 2003 consisted primarily of $145 million of repayments under our term loan due June 2007 and $24 million of capital lease repayments. The $258 million in treasury stock purchases represents 4.0 million shares of our common stock repurchased at an average price of $64.54 per share. Net cash used in financing activities in 2002 was $145 million, consisting primarily of the net cash activity associated with the financing of the AML acquisition. We financed AML's all-cash purchase price of approximately $335 million and related transaction costs, together with the repayment of approximately $150 million of acquired AML debt and accrued interest with cash on-hand, $300 million of borrowings under our secured receivables credit facility and $175 million of borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility. During the last three quarters of 2002, we repaid all of the $475 million in borrowings related to the acquisition of AML. Dividend Policy Through October 20, 2003, we had never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock. On October 21, 2003, our Board of Directors declared the payment of a quarterly cash dividend of $0.15 per common share. The initial quarterly dividend was paid on January 23, 2004 to shareholders of record on January 8, 2004 and totaled $15.4 million. We expect to fund future dividend payments with cash flows from operations, and do not expect the dividend to have a material impact on our ability to finance future growth. Share Repurchase Plan In May 2003, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program, which permits us to purchase up to $300 million of our common stock. In October 2003, our Board of Directors increased our share repurchase authorization by an additional $300 million. Through December 31, 2003, we have repurchased 4.0 million shares of our common stock at an average price of $64.54 per share for a total of $258 million under the program. We expect to fund the share repurchase program with cash flows from operations and do not expect the share repurchase program to have a material impact on our ability to finance future growth. Contingent Convertible Debentures On November 30, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2012 and 2016 each holder of the Debentures may require us to repurchase the holder's Debentures for the principal amount of the Debentures plus any accrued and unpaid interest. We may repurchase the $250 million Debentures for cash, common stock, or a combination of both. We expect to settle any repurchases from any put on the Debentures with a cash payment, funding such payment with a combination of cash on-hand and borrowings under our credit facilities. 48 Contractual Obligations and Commitments The following table summarizes certain of our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2003. See Notes 11 and 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.
PAYMENTS DUE BY PERIOD ---------------------- (IN THOUSANDS) LESS THAN AFTER CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS TOTAL 1 YEAR 1-3 YEARS 4-5 YEARS 5 YEARS ----------------------- ----- ------ ----------- ----------- ------- Long-term debt............................... $1,101,071 $ 72,817 $424,404 $ 81,919 $521,931 Capital lease obligations.................... 1,586 1,133 421 32 - Operating leases............................. 529,781 122,596 170,236 100,799 136,150 Purchase obligations......................... 75,046 39,269 35,420 202 155 ---------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Total contractual obligations............ $1,707,484 $235,815 $630,481 $182,952 $658,236 ---------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---------- -------- -------- -------- --------
See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a full description of the terms of our indebtedness and related debt service requirements. A full discussion and analysis regarding our minimum rental commitments under noncancelable operating leases, noncancelable commitments to purchase products or services, and reserves with respect to insurance and billing-related claims is contained in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. In December 2003, we entered into two lines of credit with two financial institutions totaling $68 million for the issuance of letters of credit, which mature in December 2004. Standby letters of credit are obtained, principally in support of our risk management program, to ensure our performance or payment to third parties and amounted to $57 million at December 31, 2003, of which $44 million was issued against the $68 million letter of credit lines with the remaining $13 million issued against our $325 million unsecured revolving credit facility. The letters of credit, which are renewed annually, primarily represent collateral for automobile liability and workers' compensation loss payments. Our credit agreements relating to our unsecured revolving credit facility and our term loan facilities contain various covenants and conditions, including the maintenance of certain financial ratios, that could impact our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, repurchase shares of our outstanding common stock, make additional investments and consummate acquisitions. We do not expect these covenants to adversely impact our ability to execute our growth strategy or conduct normal business operations. Unconsolidated Joint Ventures We have investments in unconsolidated joint ventures in Phoenix, Arizona; Indianapolis, Indiana; and Dayton, Ohio, which are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. We believe that our transactions with our joint ventures are conducted at arm's length, reflecting current market conditions and pricing. Total net revenues of our unconsolidated joint ventures, on a combined basis, are less than 6% of our consolidated net revenues. Total assets associated with our unconsolidated joint ventures are less than 3% of our consolidated total assets. We have no material unconditional obligations or guarantees to, or in support of, our unconsolidated joint ventures and their operations. Requirements and Capital Resources We estimate that we will invest approximately $180 million to $190 million during 2004 for capital expenditures to support and expand our existing operations, principally related to investments in information technology, equipment, and facility upgrades. During January 2004, $13 million in letters of credit issued against our $325 million unsecured revolving credit facility were cancelled and $17 million of letters of credit were issued under the letter of credit lines. As of February 26, 2004, all of the $325 million unsecured revolving credit facility and all of the $250 million secured receivables credit facility remained available to us for future borrowing. Our secured receivables credit facility is set to expire on April 21, 2004. We are currently in discussions with our lenders regarding a replacement for the facility and expect to have a replacement in place during the second quarter of 2004. If in the unexpected instance the facility is not renewed, we expect that other sources of liquidity could be readily obtained. We believe that cash from operations and our borrowing capacity under our credit facilities and any replacement facilities will provide sufficient financial flexibility to meet seasonal working capital requirements and to fund capital expenditures, debt service requirements, cash dividends on common shares, share repurchases 49 and additional growth opportunities for the foreseeable future, exclusive of any potential temporary impact of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as discussed below. Our investment grade credit ratings have had a favorable impact on our cost of and access to capital, and we believe that our improved financial performance should provide us with access to additional financing, if necessary, to fund growth opportunities that cannot be funded from existing sources. HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 1996 The Secretary of the Department of Human Health and Services, or HHS, has issued final regulations under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, designed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the healthcare system by facilitating the electronic exchange of information in certain financial and administrative transactions while protecting the privacy and security of the information exchanged. Three principal regulations have been issued: privacy regulations, security regulations, and standards for electronic transactions. We implemented the HIPAA privacy regulations by April 2003, as required, and are conducting an analysis to determine the proper security measures to reasonably and appropriately comply with the standards and implementation specifications by the compliance deadline of April 20, 2005. The HIPAA regulations on electronic transactions, which we refer to as the transaction standards, establish uniform standards for electronic transactions and code sets, including the electronic transactions and code sets used for claims, remittance advices, enrollment and eligibility. On September 23, 2003, CMS announced that it would implement a contingency plan for the Medicare program to accept electronic transactions that are not fully compliant with the transaction standards after the October 16, 2003 compliance deadline. The CMS contingency plan, as announced, allows Medicare carriers to continue to accept and process Medicare claims in the pre-October 16 electronic formats to give healthcare providers additional time to complete the testing process, provided that they continue to make a good faith effort to comply with the new standards. Almost all other payers have followed the lead of CMS, accepting legacy formats until both parties to the transactions are ready to implement the new electronic transaction standards. As part of its plan, CMS is expected to regularly reassess the readiness of its healthcare providers to determine how long the contingency plan will remain in effect. Many of our payers were not ready to implement the transaction standards by the October 2003 compliance deadline or were not ready to test or trouble-shoot claims submissions. We are working in good faith with payers that have not converted to the new standards to reach agreement on each payer's data requirements and to test claims submissions. The HIPAA transaction standards are complex, and subject to differences in interpretation by payers. For instance, some payers may interpret the standards to require us to provide certain types of information, including demographic information not usually provided to us by physicians. As a result of inconsistent interpretation of transaction standards by payers or our inability to obtain certain billing information not usually provided to us by physicians, we could face increased costs and complexity, a temporary disruption in receipts and ongoing reductions in reimbursements and net revenues. We are working closely with our payers to establish acceptable protocols for claims submissions and with our trade association and an industry coalition to present issues and problems as they arise to the appropriate regulators and standards setting organizations. Compliance with the HIPAA requirements requires significant capital and personnel resources from all healthcare organizations. While we believe that our total costs to comply with HIPAA will not be material to our results of operations or cash flows, additional customer contact to obtain data for billing as a result of different interpretations of the current regulations could impose significant additional costs on us. OUTLOOK As discussed in the Overview, we believe that the underlying fundamentals of the diagnostic testing industry will continue to improve and that the growth in the market for laboratory testing will accelerate over the long term. We believe that in the short term, the market will continue to expand, despite the negative impact which the current levels of unemployed and uninsured, and healthcare plan design changes are having on our business. As the leading national provider of diagnostic testing, information and related services with the most extensive network of laboratories and patient service centers throughout the United States, we expect to further enhance patient access and customer service. We provide a broad range of benefits for customers 50 including: continued improvements in quality; convenience and accessibility; a broad test menu; and a broad range of information technology products to help providers and insurers better manage their patients' health. We continue to invest in areas that are differentiating us from our competitors, including: Six Sigma quality, which is benefiting margins by improving efficiencies and is beginning to attract new business by improving service quality; state-of-the-art electronic client connectivity options that enhance customer loyalty; and new tests and testing techniques including gene-based testing. We also pursue selective acquisitions when they make strategic and economic sense. While there are fewer large acquisition opportunities available as a result of industry consolidation, there remain numerous regional and local acquisition opportunities. Additionally, we see an opportunity to use our strong customer service capabilities to expand our current position in many markets around the country. Our credit profile continues to improve. Our strong cash generation and balance sheet position us well to take advantage of growth opportunities. INFLATION We believe that inflation generally does not have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition because the majority of our contracts are short term. IMPACT OF NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS In January 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 46, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities", as revised in December 2003. The impact of this accounting standard is discussed in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 51 STATEMENT OF MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS The management of Quest Diagnostics Incorporated is responsible for the preparation, presentation and integrity of the consolidated financial statements and other information included in this annual report. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and include certain amounts based on management's best estimates and judgments. Quest Diagnostics maintains a comprehensive system of internal controls designed to provide reasonable assurance as to the reliability of the financial statements as well as to safeguard assets from unauthorized use or disposition. The system is reinforced by written policies, selection and training of highly competent financial personnel, appropriate division of responsibilities and a program of internal audits. The Audit and Finance Committee of the Board of Directors is responsible for reviewing and monitoring Quest Diagnostics' financial reporting and accounting practices and the annual appointment of the independent auditors. The Audit and Finance Committee meets periodically with management, the internal auditors and the independent auditors to review and assess the activities of each. Both the independent auditors and the internal auditors meet with the Audit and Finance Committee, without management present, to review the results of their audits. The consolidated financial statements have been audited by our independent auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. Their responsibility is to express an opinion with respect to the consolidated financial statements on the basis of an audit conducted in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. By /s/ Kenneth W. Freeman Chairman of the Board and February 26, 2004 ---------------------------- Chief Executive Officer Kenneth W. Freeman By /s/ Surya N. Mohapatra President and February 26, 2004 ---------------------------- Chief Operating Officer Surya N. Mohapatra By /s/ Robert A. Hagemann Senior Vice President and February 26, 2004 ---------------------------- Chief Financial Officer Robert A. Hagemann
52 REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Quest Diagnostics Incorporated In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(1) present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Quest Diagnostics Incorporated and its subsidiaries (the "Company") at December 31, 2003 and 2002, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2) presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management; our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America, which require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, the Company adopted SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" ("SFAS 142"), which changed the method of accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets effective January 1, 2002. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP _______________________________ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Stamford, Connecticut January 23, 2004 F-1 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS DECEMBER 31, 2003 AND 2002 (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
2003 2002 ---------- ---------- ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS: Cash and cash equivalents................................... $ 154,958 $ 96,777 Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $211,739 and $193,456 at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively...... 609,187 522,131 Inventories................................................. 72,484 60,899 Deferred income taxes....................................... 108,975 102,700 Prepaid expenses and other current assets................... 50,182 41,936 ---------- ---------- Total current assets.................................... 995,786 824,443 PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET.......................... 607,305 570,149 GOODWILL, NET............................................... 2,518,875 1,788,850 INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET...................................... 16,978 22,083 DEFERRED INCOME TAXES....................................... 49,635 29,756 OTHER ASSETS................................................ 112,839 88,916 ---------- ---------- TOTAL ASSETS................................................ $4,301,418 $3,324,197 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY CURRENT LIABILITIES: Accounts payable and accrued expenses....................... $ 649,850 $ 609,945 Current portion of long-term debt........................... 73,950 26,032 ---------- ---------- Total current liabilities............................... 723,800 635,977 LONG-TERM DEBT.............................................. 1,028,707 796,507 OTHER LIABILITIES........................................... 154,217 122,850 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES COMMON STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 300,000 shares authorized; 106,804 and 97,963 shares issued at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively........................... 1,068 980 Additional paid-in capital.................................. 2,267,014 1,817,511 Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)..................... 380,559 (40,772) Unearned compensation....................................... (2,346) (3,332) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)............... 5,947 (5,524) Treasury stock, at cost; 3,990 shares at December 31, 2003...................................................... (257,548) - ---------- ---------- Total common stockholders' equity....................... 2,394,694 1,768,863 ---------- ---------- TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY.................. $4,301,418 $3,324,197 ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. F-2 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2002 AND 2001 (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
2003 2002 2001 ---------- ---------- ---------- NET REVENUES................................................ $4,737,958 $4,108,051 $3,627,771 OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES: Cost of services............................................ 2,768,623 2,432,388 2,151,594 Selling, general and administrative......................... 1,165,700 1,074,841 1,018,680 Amortization of goodwill.................................... - - 38,392 Amortization of intangible assets........................... 8,201 8,373 7,715 Other operating (income) expense, net....................... (1,020) 307 (160) ---------- ---------- ---------- Total operating costs and expenses...................... 3,941,504 3,515,909 3,216,221 ---------- ---------- ---------- OPERATING INCOME............................................ 796,454 592,142 411,550 OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): Interest expense, net....................................... (59,789) (53,673) (70,523) Minority share of income.................................... (17,630) (14,874) (9,953) Equity earnings in unconsolidated joint ventures............ 17,439 16,714 10,763 Loss on debt extinguishment................................. - - (42,012) Other income (expense), net................................. 1,324 2,068 (3,236) ---------- ---------- ---------- Total non-operating expenses, net....................... (58,656) (49,765) (114,961) ---------- ---------- ---------- INCOME BEFORE TAXES......................................... 737,798 542,377 296,589 INCOME TAX EXPENSE.......................................... 301,081 220,223 134,286 ---------- ---------- ---------- NET INCOME.................................................. $ 436,717 $ 322,154 $ 162,303 ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- BASIC EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE: Net income.................................................. $ 4.22 $ 3.34 $ 1.74 Weighted average common shares outstanding -- basic......... 103,416 96,467 93,053 DILUTED EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE: Net income.................................................. $ 4.12 $ 3.23 $ 1.66 Weighted average common shares outstanding -- diluted....... 105,932 99,790 97,610
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. F-3 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2002 AND 2001 (IN THOUSANDS)
2003 2002 2001 --------- --------- ----------- CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net income.................................................. $ 436,717 $ 322,154 $ 162,303 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization............................... 153,903 131,391 147,727 Provision for doubtful accounts............................. 228,222 217,360 218,271 Loss on debt extinguishment................................. - - 42,012 Deferred income tax provision (benefit)..................... 33,853 90,401 (560) Minority share of income.................................... 17,630 14,874 9,953 Stock compensation expense.................................. 5,297 9,028 20,672 Tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation plans..................................................... 30,496 44,507 71,917 Other, net.................................................. (1,583) (813) 1,034 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable..................................... (254,865) (168,185) (230,131) Accounts payable and accrued expenses................... (6,795) (12,658) 12,788 Integration, settlement and other special charges....... (18,942) (29,668) (48,664) Income taxes payable.................................... 26,493 (3,912) 23,131 Other assets and liabilities, net....................... 12,373 (18,108) 35,350 --------- --------- ----------- NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES................... 662,799 596,371 465,803 --------- --------- ----------- CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired................. (237,610) (333,512) (152,864) Capital expenditures........................................ (174,641) (155,196) (148,986) Increase in investments and other assets.................... (13,842) (9,728) (20,428) Proceeds from disposition of assets......................... 9,043 10,564 22,673 Collection of note receivable............................... - 10,660 2,989 --------- --------- ----------- NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES....................... (417,050) (477,212) (296,616) --------- --------- ----------- CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Proceeds from borrowings.................................... 450,000 475,237 969,939 Repayments of debt.......................................... (391,718) (634,278) (1,175,489) Purchases of treasury stock................................. (257,548) - - Exercise of stock options................................... 29,887 27,034 25,631 Distributions to minority partners.......................... (14,253) (12,192) (8,718) Financing costs paid........................................ (4,227) (129) (28,459) Redemption of preferred stock............................... - - (1,000) Preferred dividends paid.................................... - - (236) Other....................................................... 291 (386) - --------- --------- ----------- NET CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES....................... (187,568) (144,714) (218,332) --------- --------- ----------- NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS..................... 58,181 (25,555) (49,145) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR................ 96,777 122,332 171,477 --------- --------- ----------- CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR...................... $ 154,958 $ 96,777 $ 122,332 --------- --------- ----------- --------- --------- -----------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. F-4 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003, 2002 AND 2001 (IN THOUSANDS) RETAINED ACCUMULATED ADDITIONAL EARNINGS UNEARNED OTHER COMPRE- COMMON PAID-IN (ACCUMULATED COMPEN- COMPREHENSIVE TREASURY HENSIVE STOCK CAPITAL DEFICIT) SATION INCOME (LOSS) STOCK INCOME BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2000.......... $ 465 $1,591,976 $(525,111) $(31,077) $(5,458) $ - Net income.......................... 162,303 $162,303 Other comprehensive income.......... 1,988 1,988 -------- Comprehensive income................ $164,291 -------- -------- Two-for-one stock split (47,149 common shares)............. 472 (472) Preferred dividends declared........ (118) Issuance of common stock under benefit plans (233 common shares).. 2 25,040 (3,540) Exercise of stock options (2,101 common shares).............. 21 25,610 Tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation plans..... 71,917 Adjustment to Corning receivable.... 605 Amortization of unearned compensation....................... 21,364 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2001.......... 960 1,714,676 (362,926) (13,253) (3,470) - Net income.......................... 322,154 $322,154 Other comprehensive loss............ (2,054) (2,054) -------- Comprehensive income................ $320,100 -------- -------- Issuance of common stock under benefit plans (418 common shares).. 4 31,310 Exercise of stock options (1,521 common shares).............. 16 27,018 Tax benefits associated with stock-ased compensation plans..... 44,507 Amortization of unearned compensation....................... 9,921 - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2002.......... 980 1,817,511 (40,772) (3,332) (5,524) - Net income.......................... 436,717 $436,717 Other comprehensive income.......... 11,471 11,471 -------- Comprehensive income................ $448,188 -------- -------- Dividend declared................... (15,386) Shares issued to acquire Unilab (7,055 common shares).............. 71 372,393 Fair value of Unilab converted options............................ 8,452 Issuance of common stock under benefit plans (400 common shares).. 4 18,081 (4,313) Exercise of stock options (1,567 common shares).............. 15 29,872 Shares to cover employee payroll tax withholdings on stock issued under benefit plans (181 common shares).. (2) (9,791) Tax benefits associated with stock-based compensation plans..... 30,496 Amortization of unearned compensation....................... 5,299 Purchases of treasury stock (3,990 common shares).............. (257,548) - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2003.......... $1,068 $2,267,014 $ 380,559 $(2,346) $ 5,947 $(257,548) - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements. F-5 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS Quest Diagnostics Incorporated and its subsidiaries ("Quest Diagnostics" or the "Company") is the largest clinical laboratory testing business in the United States. Prior to January 1, 1997, Quest Diagnostics was a wholly owned subsidiary of Corning Incorporated ("Corning"). On December 31, 1996, Corning distributed all of the outstanding shares of common stock of the Company to the stockholders of Corning as part of the "Spin-Off Distribution". As the nation's leading provider of diagnostic testing and related services for the healthcare industry, Quest Diagnostics offers a broad range of clinical laboratory testing services to physicians, hospitals, managed care organizations, employers, governmental institutions and other commercial clinical laboratories. Quest Diagnostics is the leading provider of esoteric testing, including gene-based testing, and testing for drugs of abuse. The Company is also a leading provider of anatomic pathology services and testing to support clinical trials of new pharmaceuticals worldwide. Through the Company's national network of laboratories and patient service centers, and its esoteric testing laboratory and development facilities, Quest Diagnostics offers comprehensive and innovative diagnostic testing, information and related services used by physicians and other healthcare customers to diagnose, treat and monitor diseases and other medical conditions. During 2003, Quest Diagnostics processed over 130 million requisitions through its extensive network of laboratories and patient service centers in virtually every major metropolitan area throughout the United States. 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all entities controlled by the Company. The equity method of accounting is used for investments in affiliates which are not Company controlled, in which the Company's ownership interest is between 20 and 49 percent and in which the Company has significant influence. The Company's share of equity earnings from investments in affiliates, accounted for under the equity method, totaled $17.4 million, $16.7 million and $10.8 million, respectively, for 2003, 2002 and 2001. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Reclassifications Certain amounts reported in the Company's consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 have been reclassified to conform to the December 31, 2003 presentation, which reports operating income on the face of the consolidated statements of operations. In April 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 145, "Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44 and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections" ("SFAS 145"). Pursuant to SFAS 145, the extraordinary loss associated with the extinguishment of debt in 2001, previously presented net of applicable taxes, was reclassified to other non-operating expenses. Certain amounts reported in the Company's consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 have been reclassified to conform to the December 31, 2003 presentation. Revenue Recognition The Company primarily recognizes revenue for services rendered upon completion of the testing process. Billings for services under third-party payer programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, are recorded as revenues net of allowances for differences between amounts billed and the estimated receipts under such F-6 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) programs. Adjustments to the estimated receipts, based on final settlement with the third-party payers, are recorded upon settlement. In 2003, 2002 and 2001, approximately 17%, 15% and 14%, respectively, of net revenues were generated by Medicare and Medicaid programs. Under capitated agreements with health insurers, the Company recognizes revenue based on a predetermined monthly contractual rate for each member of the insurers' health plan regardless of the number or cost of services provided by the Company. Taxes on Income The Company uses the asset and liability approach to account for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases using tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period when the change is enacted. Earnings Per Share On May 8, 2001, the stockholders approved an amendment to the Company's restated certificate of incorporation to increase the number of common shares authorized from 100 million shares to 300 million shares. On May 31, 2001, the Company effected a two-for-one stock split through the issuance of a stock dividend of one new share of common stock for each share of common stock held by stockholders of record on May 16, 2001. References to the number of common shares and per common share amounts in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations, including earnings per common share calculations and related disclosures, have been restated to give retroactive effect to the stock split for all periods presented. Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income, less preferred stock dividends ($30 per quarter in 2001), by the weighted average common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing net income, less preferred stock dividends, by the weighted average common shares outstanding after giving effect to all potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. The if-converted method is used in determining the dilutive effect of the Company's 1 3/4% contingent convertible debentures in periods when the holders of such securities are permitted to exercise their conversion rights (see Note 11). Potentially dilutive common shares include outstanding stock options and restricted common shares granted under the Company's Employee Equity Participation Program. During the fourth quarter of 2001, the Company redeemed all of its then issued and outstanding shares of preferred stock. The computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share was as follows (in thousands, except per share data):
2003 2002 2001 ---- ---- ---- Net income......................................... $436,717 $322,154 $162,303 Less: Preferred stock dividends.................... - - 118 -------- -------- -------- Net income available to common stockholders........ $436,717 $322,154 $162,185 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Weighted average common shares outstanding -- basic............................. 103,416 96,467 93,053 Effect of dilutive securities: Stock options...................................... 2,343 2,879 3,854 Restricted common stock............................ 173 444 703 -------- -------- -------- Weighted average common shares outstanding -- diluted........................... 105,932 99,790 97,610 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Basic earnings per common share: Net income......................................... $ 4.22 $ 3.34 $ 1.74 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Diluted earnings per common share: Net income......................................... $ 4.12 $ 3.23 $ 1.66 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
F-7 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) The following securities were not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation due to their antidilutive effect (in thousands):
2003 2002 2001 ---- ---- ---- Stock options...................................... 2,009 2,352 1,820 Restricted common stock............................ - - 20
Stock-Based Compensation SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" ("SFAS 123"), as amended by SFAS No. 148, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation -- Transition and Disclosure -- an amendment of FASB Statement No. 123" ("SFAS 148") encourages, but does not require, companies to record compensation cost for stock-based compensation plans at fair value. In addition, SFAS 148 provides alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation, and amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. The Company has chosen to adopt the disclosure only provisions of SFAS 148 and continue to account for stock-based compensation using the intrinsic value method prescribed in Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB 25"), and related interpretations. Under this approach, the cost of restricted stock awards is expensed over their vesting period, while the imputed cost of stock option grants and discounts offered under the Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") is disclosed, based on the vesting provisions of the individual grants, but not charged to expense. Stock-based compensation expense recorded in accordance with APB 25, relating to restricted stock awards, was $5 million, $9 million and $21 million in 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The Company has several stock ownership and compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 13. The following table presents net income and basic and diluted earnings per common share, had the Company elected to recognize compensation cost based on the fair value at the grant dates for stock option awards and discounts granted for stock purchases under the Company's ESPP, consistent with the method prescribed by SFAS 123, as amended by SFAS 148:
2003 2002 2001 ---- ---- ---- Net income, as reported............................ $436,717 $322,154 $162,303 Add: Stock-based compensation under APB 25......... 5,297 9,028 20,672 Deduct: Total stock-based compensation expense determined under fair value method for all awards, net of related tax effects............... (52,351) (47,393) (45,079) -------- -------- -------- Pro forma net income............................... $389,663 $283,789 $137,896 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Earnings per common share: Basic -- as reported............................... $ 4.22 $ 3.34 $ 1.74 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Basic -- pro forma................................. $ 3.77 $ 2.94 $ 1.48 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Diluted -- as reported............................. $ 4.12 $ 3.23 $ 1.66 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Diluted -- pro forma............................... $ 3.72 $ 2.87 $ 1.41 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
F-8 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
2003 2002 2001 ---- ---- ---- Dividend yield..................................... 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Risk-free interest rate............................ 2.8% 4.2% 5.1% Expected volatility................................ 48.1% 45.2% 47.7% Expected holding period, in years.................. 5 5 5
The majority of options granted in 2003 were issued prior to the declaration of the Company's quarterly cash dividend in the fourth quarter of 2003 and as such carry a dividend yield of 0%, thereby reducing the weighted average dividend yield for 2003 to 0.0%. Foreign Currency Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the year. The translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders' equity. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included within "other operating (income) expense, net" in the consolidated statements of operations. Transaction gains and losses have not been material. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include all highly-liquid investments with maturities, at the time acquired by the Company, of three months or less. Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are principally cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and accounts receivable. The Company's policy is to place its cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments in highly rated financial instruments and institutions. Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is mitigated by the diversity of the Company's clients and their dispersion across many different geographic regions, and is limited to certain customers who are large buyers of the Company's services. To reduce risk, the Company routinely assesses the financial strength of these customers and, consequently, believes that its accounts receivable credit risk exposure, with respect to these customers, is limited. While the Company has receivables due from federal and state governmental agencies, the Company does not believe that such receivables represent a credit risk since the related healthcare programs are funded by federal and state governments, and payment is primarily dependent on submitting appropriate documentation. Inventories Inventories, which consist principally of supplies, are valued at the lower of cost (first in, first out method) or market. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred for computer software developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized for application development activities and expensed as incurred for preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities. Capitalized costs include external direct costs of materials and services consumed in developing or obtaining internal-use software, payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are directly associated with and who devote time to the internal-use software project and interest costs incurred, when material, while developing internal-use software. Capitalization of such costs ceases when the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended purpose. Certain costs, such as F-9 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) maintenance and training, are expensed as incurred. The Company capitalizes interest on borrowings during the active construction period of major capital projects. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the underlying assets and is amortized over the useful lives of the assets. Depreciation and amortization are provided on the straight-line method over expected useful asset lives as follows: buildings and improvements, ranging from ten to thirty years; laboratory equipment and furniture and fixtures, ranging from three to seven years; leasehold improvements, the lesser of the useful life of the improvement or the remaining life of the building or lease, as applicable; and computer software developed or obtained for internal use, ranging from three to five years. Goodwill Goodwill represents the cost of acquired businesses in excess of the fair value of assets acquired, including separately recognized intangible assets, less the fair value of liabilities assumed in a business combination. In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" ("SFAS 142"), which broadens the criteria for recording intangible assets separate from goodwill and requires the use of a nonamortization approach to account for purchased goodwill and certain intangibles. Under a nonamortization approach, goodwill and certain intangibles are not amortized into results of operations, but instead are reviewed for impairment. Prior to July 1, 2001, goodwill was amortized on the straight-line method over periods not exceeding forty years. Pursuant to SFAS 142, goodwill recorded in connection with acquisitions consummated prior to July 1, 2001 continued to be amortized through December 31, 2001 and has not been amortized thereafter. In addition, goodwill recognized in connection with acquisitions consummated after June 30, 2001 has not been amortized. The following table presents net income and basic and diluted earnings per common share, adjusted to reflect results as if the nonamortization provisions of SFAS 142 had been in effect for the periods presented:
2003 2002 2001 ---- ---- ---- Net income, as reported............................ $436,717 $322,154 $162,303 Add back: Amortization of goodwill, net of taxes... - - 35,964 -------- -------- -------- Adjusted net income................................ $436,717 $322,154 $198,267 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Basic earnings per common share: Net income, as reported............................ $ 4.22 $ 3.34 $ 1.74 Amortization of goodwill, net of taxes............. - - 0.39 -------- -------- -------- Adjusted net income................................ $ 4.22 $ 3.34 $ 2.13 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- Diluted earnings per common share: Net income, as reported............................ $ 4.12 $ 3.23 $ 1.66 Amortization of goodwill, net of taxes............. - - 0.37 -------- -------- -------- Adjusted net income................................ $ 4.12 $ 3.23 $ 2.03 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
Intangible Assets Intangible assets are recognized as an asset apart from goodwill if the asset arises from contractual or other legal rights, or if it is separable. Intangible assets, principally representing the cost of customer lists and non-competition agreements acquired, are capitalized and amortized on the straight-line method over their expected useful life, which generally ranges from five to fifteen years. The Company does not have any intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life. Recoverability and Impairment of Goodwill The new criteria for recording intangible assets separate from goodwill did not require the Company to reclassify any of its intangible assets. Under the nonamortization provisions of SFAS 142, goodwill and certain intangibles are not amortized into results of operations, but instead are reviewed for impairment and an impairment charge is recorded in the periods in which the recorded carrying value of goodwill and certain F-10 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) intangibles is more than its estimated fair value. The provisions of SFAS 142 require that a transitional impairment test be performed as of the beginning of the year the statement is adopted. The provisions of SFAS 142 also require that a goodwill impairment test be performed annually or in the case of other events that indicate a potential impairment. The Company's transitional impairment test indicated that there was no impairment of goodwill upon adoption of SFAS 142 effective January 1, 2002. The annual impairment test of goodwill was performed at the end of the Company's fiscal year on December 31st and indicated that there was no impairment of goodwill as of December 31, 2003. Effective January 1, 2002, the Company evaluates the recoverability and measures the potential impairment of its goodwill under SFAS 142. The annual impairment test is a two-step process that begins with the estimation of the fair value of the reporting unit. The first step screens for potential impairment and the second step measures the amount of the impairment, if any. Management's estimate of fair value considers publicly available information regarding the market capitalization of the Company as well as (i) publicly available information regarding comparable publicly-traded companies in the clinical laboratory testing industry, (ii) the financial projections and future prospects of the Company's business, including its growth opportunities and likely operational improvements, and (iii) comparable sales prices, if available. As part of the first step to assess potential impairment, management compares the estimate of fair value for the Company to the book value of the Company's consolidated net assets. If the book value of the consolidated net assets is greater than the estimate of fair value, the Company would then proceed to the second step to measure the impairment, if any. The second step compares the implied fair value of goodwill with its carrying value. The implied fair value is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting unit to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination and the fair value of the reporting unit was the purchase price paid to acquire the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to its assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit's goodwill is greater than its implied fair value, an impairment loss will be recognized in the amount of the excess. Management believes its estimation methods are reasonable and reflective of common valuation practices. On a quarterly basis, management performs a review of the Company's business to determine if events or changes in circumstances have occurred which could have a material adverse effect on the fair value of the Company and its goodwill. If such events or changes in circumstances were deemed to have occurred, the Company would perform an impairment test of goodwill as of the end of the quarter, consistent with the annual impairment test, and record any noted impairment loss. Prior to 2002, the Company evaluated the recoverability and measured the possible impairment of goodwill under APB Opinion No. 17, "Intangible Assets" based on a fair value methodology. The fair value method was applied to each of the regional laboratories. Management's estimate of fair value was primarily based on multiples of forecasted revenue or multiples of forecasted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. The multiples were primarily determined based upon publicly available information regarding comparable publicly-traded companies in the industry, but also considered (i) the financial projections of each regional laboratory, (ii) the future prospects of each regional laboratory, including its growth opportunities, managed care concentration and likely operational improvements, and (iii) comparable sales prices, if available. During 2001, no impairments of goodwill were recorded. Recoverability and Impairment of Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets Effective January 1, 2002, the Company evaluates the possible impairment of its long-lived assets, including intangible assets which are amortized pursuant to the provisions of SFAS 142, under SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets" ("SFAS 144"). The Company reviews the recoverability of its long-lived assets when events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. Evaluation of possible impairment is based on the Company's ability to recover the asset from the expected future pretax cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) of the related operations. If the expected undiscounted pretax cash flows are less than the carrying amount of such asset, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference between the estimated fair value and carrying amount of the asset. The Company's adoption of SFAS 144 did not result in any impairment loss being recorded. F-11 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) Investments The Company accounts for investments in equity securities, which are included in "other assets" in conformity with SFAS No. 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities", which requires the use of fair value accounting for trading or available-for-sale securities. Both realized and unrealized gains and losses for trading securities are recorded currently in earnings as a component of non-operating expenses within "other income (expense), net" in the consolidated statements of operations. Unrealized gains and losses for available-for-sale securities are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders' equity. Gains and losses on securities sold are based on the average cost method. Investments at December 31, 2003 and 2002 consisted of the following:
2003 2002 ---- ---- Available-for-sale equity securities........................ $26,195 $ 5,692 Trading equity securities................................... 19,168 14,808 Other investments........................................... 12,598 9,744 ------- ------- Total....................................................... $57,961 $30,244 ------- ------- ------- -------
Investments in available-for-sale equity securities consist primarily of equity securities in public corporations. Investments in trading equity securities represent participant directed investments of deferred employee compensation and related Company matching contributions held in a trust pursuant to the Company's supplemental deferred compensation plan (see Note 13). Other investments do not have readily determinable fair values and consist primarily of investments in preferred and common shares of privately held companies. As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, the Company had gross unrealized gains (losses) from available-for-sale equity securities of $15.5 million and $(6.6) million, respectively. "Other income (expense), net" for the year ended December 31, 2001 included a gain of $6.3 million associated with the sale of certain available-for-sale equity securities. For the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, gains (losses) from trading equity securities totaled $1.9 million, $(1.0) million and $(0.1) million, respectively, and are included in "other income (expense), net" within the consolidated statements of operations. Financial Instruments The Company's policy for managing exposure to market risks may include the use of financial instruments, including derivatives. The Company has established a control environment that includes policies and procedures for risk assessment and the approval, reporting and monitoring of derivative financial instrument activities. These policies prohibit holding or issuing derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities" ("SFAS 133"), as amended, requires that all derivative instruments be recorded on the balance sheet at their fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded each period in current earnings or other comprehensive income, depending on whether a derivative is designated as part of a hedge transaction and, if it is, the type of hedge transaction. Effective January 1, 2001, the Company adopted SFAS 133, as amended. The cumulative effect of the change in accounting for derivative financial instruments upon adoption on January 1, 2001 of SFAS 133, as amended, reduced comprehensive income by approximately $1 million. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value based on the short maturity of these instruments. At December 31, 2003 and 2002, the fair value of the Company's debt was estimated at $1.2 billion and $899 million, respectively, using quoted market prices and yields for the same or similar types of borrowings, taking into account the underlying terms of the debt instruments. At December 31, 2003 and 2002, the estimated fair value exceeded the carrying value of the debt by $86 million and $77 million, respectively. F-12 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) The Company's 1 3/4% contingent convertible notes due 2021 have a contingent interest component that will require the Company to pay contingent interest based on certain thresholds, as outlined in the indenture governing such notes. The contingent interest component, which is more fully described in Note 11, is considered to be a derivative instrument subject to SFAS 133, as amended. As such, the derivative was recorded at its fair value in the consolidated balance sheets and was not material at both December 31, 2003 and 2002. Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income encompasses all changes in stockholders' equity (except those arising from transactions with stockholders) and includes net income, net unrealized capital gains or losses on available-for-sale securities and foreign currency translation adjustments. Segment Reporting The Company currently operates in one reportable business segment. Substantially all of the Company's services are provided within the United States, and substantially all of the Company's assets are located within the United States. No one customer accounted for ten percent or more of net revenues in 2003, 2002, or 2001. New Accounting Standards In January 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 46, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities", as revised in December 2003 ("FIN 46"). FIN 46 requires a variable interest entity to be consolidated by a company if that company is subject to a majority of the risk of loss from the variable interest entity's activities or entitled to receive a majority of the entity's residual returns or both. Historically, entities generally were not consolidated unless the entity was controlled through voting interests. FIN 46 also requires disclosures about variable interest entities that a company is not required to consolidate but in which it has a significant variable interest. The consolidation requirements of FIN 46 will apply to variable interest entities as of March 31, 2004 for the Company. Also, certain disclosure requirements apply to all financial statements issued after December 31, 2003, regardless of when the variable interest entity was established. The adoption of this standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. 3. BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS Acquisition of Unilab Corporation On February 28, 2003, the Company completed the acquisition of Unilab Corporation ("Unilab"), the leading commercial clinical laboratory in California. In connection with the acquisition, the Company paid $297 million in cash and issued 7.1 million shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock to acquire all of the outstanding capital stock of Unilab. In addition, the Company reserved approximately 0.3 million shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock for outstanding stock options of Unilab which were converted upon the completion of the acquisition into options to acquire shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock (the "converted options"). The aggregate purchase price of $698 million included the cash portion of the purchase price of $297 million and transaction costs of approximately $20 million, with the remaining portion of the purchase price paid through the issuance of 7.1 million shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock (valued at $372 million or $52.80 per share, based on the average closing stock price of Quest Diagnostics common stock for the five trading days ended March 4, 2003) and the issuance of approximately 0.3 million converted options (valued at approximately $9 million, based on the Black Scholes option-pricing model). Of the total transaction costs incurred, approximately $8 million was paid during fiscal 2002. In conjunction with the acquisition of Unilab, the Company repaid $220 million of debt, representing substantially all of Unilab's then existing outstanding debt, and related accrued interest. Of the $220 million, $124 million represents payments related to the Company's cash tender offer, which was completed on March 7, 2003, for all of the outstanding $101 million principal amount and related accrued interest of Unilab's 12 3/4% F-13 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) Senior Subordinated Notes due 2009 and $23 million of related tender premium and associated tender offer costs. The Company financed the cash portion of the purchase price and related transaction costs, and the repayment of substantially all of Unilab's outstanding debt and related accrued interest, with the proceeds from a new $450 million amortizing term loan due 2007 (see Note 11) and cash on-hand. As part of the Unilab acquisition, Quest Diagnostics acquired all of Unilab's operations, including its primary testing facilities in Los Angeles, San Jose and Sacramento, California, and approximately 365 patient service centers and 35 rapid response laboratories and approximately 4,100 employees. The Company expects to realize significant benefits from the acquisition of Unilab. As the leading commercial clinical laboratory in California, the acquisition of Unilab positions the Company to capitalize on its leading position within the laboratory testing industry, further enhancing its national network and access to its comprehensive range of services. Customers and patients are expected to benefit from the acquisition by having greater access to diagnostic testing services through the Company's expanded network of patient service centers. In addition, customers will be provided with state-of-the-art electronic connectivity services, innovative technologies and an expanded esoteric testing menu from the Company's Nichols Institute based in San Juan Capistrano, California. In connection with the acquisition of Unilab, as part of a settlement agreement with the United States Federal Trade Commission, the Company entered into an agreement to sell to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Inc., ("LabCorp"), certain assets in northern California for $4.5 million, including the assignment of agreements with four independent physician associations ("IPA") and leases for 46 patient service centers (five of which also serve as rapid response laboratories) (the "Divestiture"). Approximately $27 million in annual net revenues were generated by capitated fees under the IPA contracts and associated fee-for-service testing for physicians whose patients use these patient service centers, as well as from specimens received directly from the IPA physicians. The Company completed the transfer of assets and assignment of the IPA agreements to LabCorp and recorded a $1.5 million gain in the third quarter of 2003 in connection with the Divestiture, which is included in "other operating (income) expense, net" within the consolidated statements of operations. The acquisition of Unilab was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. As such, the cost to acquire Unilab has been allocated to the assets and liabilities acquired based on estimated fair values as of the closing date. The consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of Unilab subsequent to the closing of the acquisition. The following table summarizes the Company's purchase price allocation related to the acquisition of Unilab based on the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date.
FAIR VALUES AS OF FEBRUARY 28, 2003 ----------------- Current assets.............................................. $193,798 Property, plant and equipment............................... 10,855 Goodwill.................................................... 735,853 Other assets................................................ 47,777 -------- Total assets acquired................................... 988,283 -------- Current liabilities......................................... 62,002 Long-term liabilities....................................... 7,369 Long-term debt.............................................. 221,291 -------- Total liabilities assumed............................... 290,662 -------- Net assets acquired..................................... $697,621 -------- --------
Based on management's review of the net assets acquired and consultations with third-party valuation specialists, no intangible assets meeting the criteria under SFAS No. 141, "Business Combinations", were F-14 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) identified. Of the $736 million allocated to goodwill, approximately $85 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Acquisition of American Medical Laboratories, Incorporated On April 1, 2002, the Company completed its acquisition of all of the outstanding voting stock of American Medical Laboratories, Incorporated, ("AML") and an affiliated company of AML, LabPortal, Inc. ("LabPortal"), a provider of electronic connectivity products, in an all-cash transaction with a combined value of approximately $500 million, which included the assumption of approximately $160 million in debt. Through the acquisition of AML, Quest Diagnostics acquired all of AML's operations, including two full-service laboratories, 51 patient service centers, and hospital sales, service and logistics capabilities. The all-cash purchase price of approximately $335 million and related transaction costs, together with the repayment of approximately $150 million of principal and related accrued interest, representing substantially all of AML's debt, was financed by Quest Diagnostics with cash on-hand, $300 million of borrowings under its secured receivables credit facility and $175 million of borrowings under its unsecured revolving credit facility. During 2002, Quest Diagnostics repaid all of the $475 million in borrowings related to the acquisition of AML. The acquisition of AML was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. As such, the cost to acquire AML has been allocated to the assets and liabilities acquired based on estimated fair values as of the closing date. The consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of AML subsequent to the closing of the acquisition. The following table summarizes the Company's purchase price allocation related to the acquisition of AML based on the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date.
FAIR VALUES AS OF APRIL 1, 2002 ------------- Current assets.............................................. $ 83,403 Property, plant and equipment............................... 31,475 Goodwill.................................................... 426,314 Other assets................................................ 8,211 -------- Total assets acquired................................... 549,403 -------- Current portion of long-term debt........................... 11,834 Other current liabilities................................... 51,403 Long-term debt.............................................. 139,465 Other liabilities........................................... 4,925 -------- Total liabilities assumed............................... 207,627 -------- Net assets acquired..................................... $341,776 -------- --------
Based on management's review of the net assets acquired and consultations with valuation specialists, no intangible assets meeting the criteria under SFAS No. 141, "Business Combinations", were identified. Of the $426 million allocated to goodwill, approximately $17 million is expected to be deductible for tax purposes. Acquisition of LabPortal The all-cash purchase price for LabPortal of approximately $4 million and related transaction costs, together with the repayment of all of LabPortal's outstanding debt of approximately $7 million and related accrued interest, was financed by Quest Diagnostics with cash on-hand. The acquisition of LabPortal was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. As such, the cost to acquire LabPortal has been allocated to the assets and liabilities acquired based on estimated fair values as of the closing date, including approximately $8 million of goodwill. The consolidated financial statements include the results of operations of LabPortal subsequent to the closing of the acquisition. F-15 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) Pro Forma Combined Financial Information The following unaudited pro forma combined financial information for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 assumes that the Unilab and AML acquisitions and the Divestiture were completed on January 1, 2002. The unaudited pro forma combined financial information for the year ended December 31, 2001 assumes that the AML acquisition was completed on January 1, 2001 (in thousands, except per share data):
2003 2002 2001 ---- ---- ---- Net revenues.......................................... $4,803,875 $4,607,242 $3,925,418 Net income............................................ 444,944 365,448 171,346 Basic earnings per common share: Net income............................................ $ 4.26 $ 3.53 $ 1.84 Weighted average common shares outstanding -- basic... 104,552 103,522 93,053 Diluted earnings per common share: Net income............................................ $ 4.16 $ 3.42 $ 1.76 Weighted average common shares outstanding -- diluted.............................. 107,079 106,926 97,610
The pro forma combined financial information presented above reflects certain reclassifications to the historical financial statements of Unilab and AML to conform the acquired companies' accounting policies and classification of certain costs and expenses to that of Quest Diagnostics. These adjustments had no impact on pro forma net income. Pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 2003 exclude $14.5 million of direct transaction costs, which were incurred and expensed by Unilab in conjunction with its acquisition by Quest Diagnostics. Pro forma results for the year ended December 31, 2002 exclude $14.5 million and $6.3 million, respectively, of direct transaction costs, which were incurred and expensed by AML and Unilab, respectively, in conjunction with their acquisitions by Quest Diagnostics. 2001 Acquisitions During 2001, the Company acquired the assets of Clinical Laboratories of Colorado, LLC and the assets of Las Marias Reference Lab Corp. and Laboratorio Clinico Las Marias, Inc., a clinical laboratory based in San Juan, Puerto Rico. During 2001, the Company also acquired the outstanding voting shares that it did not already own of MedPlus, Inc., a leading developer and integrator of clinical connectivity and data management solutions for healthcare organizations and clinicians, and all of the voting stock of Clinical Diagnostic Services, Inc. ("CDS"), which operated a diagnostic testing laboratory and more than 50 patient service centers in New York and New Jersey. Additionally, during 2001, the Company acquired the minority ownership interest of a consolidated joint venture from its joint venture partner. The combined purchase price for these acquisitions was $155 million, which was paid primarily in cash. The Company accounted for the above acquisitions under the purchase method of accounting. In connection with the above transactions, the Company recorded $153 million of goodwill during 2001, representing acquisition costs in excess of the fair value of net assets acquired, and approximately $8 million associated with non-compete agreements. The amounts paid under the non-compete agreements are being amortized on the straight-line basis over their five-year terms. During 2002, the Company recorded approximately $4 million of adjustments to finalize the purchase price allocations associated with the businesses acquired in 2001, primarily related to accruals for integration costs for actions impacting the employees and operations of the acquired businesses, partially offset by adjustments to finalize the deferred tax position of the acquired entities. The historical financial statements of Quest Diagnostics include the results of operations of each acquired company subsequent to the closing of the respective acquisition. 4. INTEGRATION OF ACQUIRED BUSINESSES In July 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, "Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities" ("SFAS 146"). SFAS 146, which the Company adopted effective January 1, 2003, requires that a liability for a cost associated with an exit activity, including those related to employee termination benefits and contractual obligations, be recognized when the liability is incurred, and not necessarily the date of an entity's F-16 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) commitment to an exit plan, as under previous accounting guidance. The provisions of SFAS 146 apply to integration costs associated with actions that impact the employees and operations of Quest Diagnostics. Costs associated with actions that impact the employees and operations of an acquired company, such as Unilab, are accounted for as a cost of the acquisition and included in goodwill in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force No. 95-3, "Recognition of Liabilities in Connection with a Purchase Business Combination". Integration of Unilab Corporation During the fourth quarter of 2003, the Company finalized its plan related to the integration of Unilab into Quest Diagnostics' laboratory network. As part of the plan, following the sale of certain assets to LabCorp as part of the Divestiture, the Company closed its previously owned clinical laboratory in the San Francisco Bay area and completed the integration of remaining customers in the northern California area to Unilab's laboratories in San Jose and Sacramento. The Company currently operates two laboratories in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. As part of the integration plan, the Company plans to open a new regional laboratory in the Los Angeles metropolitan area into which it will integrate all of its business in the area. During 2003, the Company recorded $9 million of costs associated with executing the Unilab integration plan. The majority of these integration costs related to employee severance and contractual obligations associated with leased facilities and equipment. Employee groups affected as a result of this plan include those involved in the collection and testing of specimens, as well as administrative and other support functions. Of the $9 million in costs, $7.9 million was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2003 and related to actions that impact the employees and operations of Unilab, was accounted for as a cost of the Unilab acquisition and included in goodwill. Of the $7.9 million, $6.8 million related to employee severance benefits for approximately 150 employees, with the remainder primarily related to contractual obligations. In addition, $1.1 million of integration costs, related to actions that impact Quest Diagnostics' employees and operations and comprised principally of employee severance benefits for approximately 30 employees, were accounted for as a charge to earnings in the third quarter of 2003 and included in "other operating (income) expense, net" within the consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2003, accruals related to the Unilab integration plan totaled $6.6 million. While the majority of the accrued costs at December 31, 2003 are expected to be paid in 2004, there are certain severance costs that have payment terms extending into 2005. Integration of American Medical Laboratories, Incorporated During the third quarter of 2002, the Company finalized its plan related to the integration of AML into Quest Diagnostics' laboratory network. The plan focused principally on improving customer service by enabling the Company to perform esoteric testing on the east and west coasts of the United States, and redirecting certain physician testing volumes within its national network to provide more local testing. As part of the plan, the Company's Chantilly, Virginia laboratory, acquired as part of the AML acquisition, has become the primary esoteric testing laboratory and hospital service center for the eastern United States, complementing the Company's Nichols Institute esoteric testing facility in San Juan Capistrano, California. Esoteric testing volumes have been redirected within the Company's national network to provide customers with improved turnaround time and customer service. The Company has completed the transition of certain routine clinical laboratory testing previously performed in the Chantilly, Virginia laboratory to other testing facilities within the Company's regional laboratory network. A reduction in staffing occurred as the Company executed the integration plan and consolidated duplicate or overlapping functions and facilities. Employee groups affected as a result of this plan included those involved in the collection and testing of specimens, as well as administrative and other support functions. In connection with the AML integration plan, the Company recorded $11 million of costs associated with executing the plan. The majority of these integration costs related to employee severance and contractual obligations associated with leased facilities and equipment. Of the total costs indicated above, $9.5 million, related to actions that impact the employees and operations of AML, was accounted for as a cost of the AML acquisition and included in goodwill. Of the $9.5 million, $5.9 million related to employee severance benefits for approximately 200 employees, with the remainder primarily related to contractual obligations associated with leased facilities and equipment. In addition, $1.5 million of integration costs, related to actions that impact F-17 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) Quest Diagnostics' employees and operations and comprised principally of employee severance benefits for approximately 100 employees, were accounted for as a charge to earnings in the third quarter of 2002 and included in "other operating (income) expense, net" within the consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, accruals related to the AML integration plan totaled $4.1 million and $8.3 million, respectively. The actions associated with the AML integration plan, including those related to severed employees, were completed in 2003. The remaining accruals at December 31, 2003, substantially all of which represented severance and facility exit costs, are expected to be paid in 2004. Integration of Clinical Diagnostic Services, Inc. During the fourth quarter of 2002, the Company finalized its plan related to the integration of CDS into Quest Diagnostics' laboratory network in the New York metropolitan area. Of the $13.3 million of costs recorded in the fourth quarter of 2002 in connection with the execution of the CDS integration plan, all of which were associated with actions impacting the employees and operations of CDS, $3 million related to employee severance benefits for approximately 150 employees with the remainder primarily associated with remaining contractual obligations under facility and equipment leases. The costs outlined above were recorded as a cost of the acquisition and included in goodwill. As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, accruals related to the CDS integration plan totaled $5.3 million and $10.3 million, respectively. The actions associated with the CDS integration plan, including those related to severed employees, were completed in 2003. The remaining accruals at December 31, 2003, substantially all of which represented remaining contractual obligations under facility leases, have terms extending beyond 2004. Integration of SmithKline Beecham Clinical Laboratory Testing Business On August 16, 1999, the Company completed the acquisition of SmithKline Beecham Clinical Laboratories, Inc. ("SBCL"), which operated the clinical laboratory business of SmithKline Beecham plc ("SmithKline Beecham"). During the fourth quarter of 1999, Quest Diagnostics finalized its plan to integrate SBCL into Quest Diagnostics' laboratory network and recorded the estimated costs associated with executing the integration plan. The majority of these integration costs related to employee severance, contractual obligations associated with leased facilities and equipment, and the write-off of fixed assets which management believed would have no future economic benefit upon combining the operations. The plan focused principally on laboratory consolidations in geographic markets served by more than one of the Company's laboratories, and the redirection of testing volume within the Company's national network to provide more local testing and improve customer service. The actions associated with the SBCL integration plan, including those related to severed employees, were completed as of June 30, 2001. During 2001, the Company utilized $27 million of the remaining accruals established in connection with the SBCL integration, principally related to the payment of severance benefits to terminated employees. The remaining accruals associated with the SBCL integration plan, principally comprised of remaining contractual obligations under facility leases, were not material at December 31, 2002. 5. TAXES ON INCOME In conjunction with the Spin-Off Distribution, the Company entered into a tax sharing agreement with its former parent and a former subsidiary, that provide the parties with certain rights of indemnification against each other. As part of the SBCL acquisition agreements, the Company entered into a tax indemnification arrangement with SmithKline Beecham that provides the parties with certain rights of indemnification against each other. The Company's pretax income (loss) consisted of $736 million, $547 million and $290 million from U.S. operations and approximately $1.4 million, $(4.5) million and $6.6 million from foreign operations for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. F-18 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) The components of income tax expense for 2003, 2002 and 2001 were as follows:
2003 2002 2001 ---- ---- ---- Current: Federal................................................ $214,729 $105,799 $107,629 State and local........................................ 51,771 23,396 25,727 Foreign................................................ 728 627 1,490 Deferred: Federal................................................ 29,271 73,002 (452) State and local........................................ 4,582 17,399 (108) -------- -------- -------- Total.............................................. $301,081 $220,223 $134,286 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
A reconciliation of the federal statutory rate to the Company's effective tax rate for 2003, 2002 and 2001 was as follows:
2003 2002 2001 ---- ---- ---- Tax provision at statutory rate............................ 35.0% 35.0% 35.0% State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit....... 5.0 5.0 5.0 Non-deductible goodwill amortization....................... - - 4.4 Impact of foreign operations............................... 0.2 0.2 0.5 Non-deductible meals and entertainment expense............. 0.3 0.3 0.4 Other, net................................................. 0.3 0.1 - ---- ---- ---- Effective tax rate..................................... 40.8% 40.6% 45.3% ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets at December 31, 2003 and 2002 were as follows:
2003 2002 ---- ---- Current deferred tax asset: Accounts receivable reserve............................ $ 33,797 $ 30,449 Liabilities not currently deductible................... 65,352 67,173 Accrued settlement reserves............................ 4,972 3,456 Accrued restructuring and integration costs............ 4,854 1,622 -------- -------- Total.............................................. $108,975 $102,700 -------- -------- -------- -------- Non-current deferred tax asset: Liabilities not currently deductible................... $ 44,978 $ 40,422 Net operating loss carryforwards....................... 17,914 1,652 Accrued restructuring and integration costs............ 1,613 3,334 Depreciation and amortization.......................... (14,870) (15,652) -------- -------- Total.............................................. $ 49,635 $ 29,756 -------- -------- -------- --------
As of December 31, 2003, the Company had estimated net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state income tax purposes of $45 million and $430 million, respectively, which expire at various dates through 2023. As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, deferred tax assets associated with net operating loss carryforwards for federal and state income tax purposes of $51 million and $29 million, respectively, have each been reduced by a valuation reserve of $33 million and $27 million respectively. Income taxes payable at December 31, 2003 and 2002 were $29 million and $20 million, respectively, and consisted primarily of federal income taxes payable of $22 million and $23 million, respectively. F-19 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) 6. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW AND OTHER DATA
2003 2002 2001 ---- ---- ---- Depreciation expense........................................ $ 145,701 $123,018 $101,620 Interest expense............................................ (60,630) (56,347) (76,765) Interest income............................................. 841 2,674 6,242 --------- -------- -------- Interest, net............................................... (59,789) (53,673) (70,523) Interest paid............................................... 59,394 56,102 58,537 Income taxes paid........................................... 211,966 83,710 26,384 Businesses acquired: Fair value of assets acquired............................... $ 989,778 $561,267 $182,136 Fair value of liabilities assumed........................... 291,422 215,810 29,272 Non-cash financing activities: Fair value of common stock issued to acquire Unilab......... $ 372,464 - - Fair value of converted options issued in conjunction with the Unilab acquisition.................................... 8,452 - -
7. LOSS ON DEBT EXTINGUISHMENT On June 27, 2001, the Company refinanced a majority of its long-term debt on a senior unsecured basis to reduce overall interest costs and obtain less restrictive covenants. Specifically, the Company completed a $550 million senior notes offering (the "Senior Notes") and entered into a new $500 million senior unsecured credit facility (the "Credit Agreement") which included a five-year $325 million revolving credit agreement and a $175 million term loan. The Company used the net proceeds from the senior notes offering and the term loan, together with cash on hand, to repay all of the $584 million which was outstanding under its then existing senior secured credit agreement, including the costs to settle existing interest rate swap agreements, and to consummate a cash tender offer and consent solicitation for its 10 3/4% senior subordinated notes due 2006 (the "Subordinated Notes"). During the remainder of 2001, the Company repaid the $175 million term loan under the Credit Agreement. In conjunction with its debt refinancing, the Company recorded a loss on debt extinguishment of $42 million, $36 million of which represented the write-off of $23 million of deferred financing costs, associated with the Company's debt which was refinanced, and $13 million of payments related primarily to the tender premium incurred in connection with the Company's cash tender offer of the Subordinated Notes. The remaining $6 million of losses represented amounts incurred in conjunction with the cancellation of certain interest rate swap agreements, which were terminated in connection with the debt that was refinanced. Prior to the Company's debt refinancing in June 2001, the Company's senior secured credit agreement required the Company to maintain interest rate swap agreements to mitigate the risk of changes in interest rates associated with a portion of its variable interest rate indebtedness. These interest rate swap agreements were considered a hedge against changes in the amount of future cash flows associated with the interest payments of the Company's variable rate debt obligations. Accordingly, the interest rate swap agreements were recorded at their estimated fair value in the Company's consolidated balance sheet and the related losses on these contracts were deferred in stockholders' equity as a component of comprehensive income. In conjunction with the debt refinancing, the interest rate swap agreements were terminated and the losses reflected in stockholders' equity as a component of comprehensive income were reclassified to earnings and reflected as a charge within the loss on debt extinguishment in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2001. F-20 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) 8. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT Property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2003 and 2002 consisted of the following:
2003 2002 ---- ---- Land........................................................ $ 34,909 $ 33,148 Buildings and improvements.................................. 273,548 277,565 Laboratory equipment, furniture and fixtures................ 670,671 569,982 Leasehold improvements...................................... 148,508 119,397 Computer software developed or obtained for internal use.... 124,469 101,594 Construction-in-progress.................................... 40,083 40,599 ---------- ---------- 1,292,188 1,142,285 Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization............. (684,883) (572,136) ---------- ---------- Total................................................... $ 607,305 $ 570,149 ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
9. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS Goodwill at December 31, 2003 and 2002 consisted of the following:
2003 2002 ---- ---- Goodwill.................................................... $2,706,928 $1,976,903 Less: accumulated amortization.............................. (188,053) (188,053) ---------- ---------- Goodwill, net........................................... $2,518,875 $1,788,850 ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
The changes in the gross carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 are as follows:
2003 2002 ---- ---- Balance as of January 1..................................... $1,976,903 $1,539,176 Goodwill acquired during the year........................... 730,025 437,727 ---------- ---------- Balance as of December 31................................... $2,706,928 $1,976,903 ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Intangible assets at December 31, 2003 and 2002 consisted of the following:
WEIGHTED AVERAGE AMORTIZATION PERIOD DECEMBER 31, 2003 DECEMBER 31, 2002 ------------ -------------------------------- -------------------------------- ACCUMULATED ACCUMULATED COST AMORTIZATION NET COST AMORTIZATION NET ------- ------------ ------- ------- ------------ ------- Non-compete agreements......... 5 years $44,942 $(37,947) $ 6,995 $44,482 $(32,268) $12,214 Customer lists................. 15 years 42,225 (35,568) 6,657 41,301 (33,751) 7,550 Other.......................... 10 years 5,895 (2,569) 3,326 4,580 (2,261) 2,319 ------- -------- ------- ------- -------- ------- Total...................... 10 years $93,062 $(76,084) $16,978 $90,363 $(68,280) $22,083 ------- -------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- -------- ------- ------- -------- -------
Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $8,201, $8,373 and $7,715 for the years ended December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. F-21 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) The estimated amortization expense related to other intangible assets for each of the five succeeding fiscal years and thereafter as of December 31, 2003 is as follows:
FISCAL YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, ------------ 2004.................................................... 6,558 2005.................................................... 3,048 2006.................................................... 1,819 2007.................................................... 1,035 2008.................................................... 861 Thereafter.............................................. 3,657 ------- Total............................................... $16,978 ------- -------
10. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES Accounts payable and accrued expenses at December 31, 2003 and 2002 consisted of the following:
2003 2002 ---- ---- Accrued wages and benefits.................................. $255,340 $250,226 Accrued expenses............................................ 221,783 208,037 Trade accounts payable...................................... 118,731 111,982 Income taxes payable........................................ 29,073 20,268 Accrued restructuring and integration costs................. 12,493 10,791 Accrued settlement reserves................................. 12,430 8,641 -------- -------- Total................................................... $649,850 $609,945 -------- -------- -------- --------
11. DEBT Long-term debt at December 31, 2003 and 2002 consisted of the following:
2003 2002 ---- ---- Term loan due June 2007..................................... $ 304,921 $ - 6 3/4% Senior Notes due July 2006........................... 274,219 273,907 7 1/2% Senior Notes due July 2011........................... 274,171 274,060 1 3/4% Contingent Convertible Debentures due November 2021...................................................... 247,760 247,635 Other....................................................... 1,586 26,937 ---------- -------- Total................................................... 1,102,657 822,539 Less: current portion....................................... 73,950 26,032 ---------- -------- Total long-term debt.................................... $1,028,707 $796,507 ---------- -------- ---------- --------
Secured Receivables Credit Facility On July 21, 2000, the Company completed a receivables-backed financing transaction (the "secured receivables credit facility"), the proceeds of which were used to pay down loans outstanding under the Company's then existing senior secured credit facility that was used to finance the acquisition of SBCL. The secured receivables credit facility is currently being provided by Blue Ridge Asset Funding Corporation, a commercial paper funding vehicle administered by Wachovia Bank, N.A., La Fayette Asset Securitization LLC, a commercial funding vehicle administered by Credit Lyonnais and Jupiter Securitization Corporation, a commercial funding vehicle administered by Bank One, N.A. Interest on the $250 million secured receivables credit facility is based on rates that are intended to approximate commercial paper rates for highly rated issuers. Borrowings outstanding under the secured receivables credit facility, if any, are classified as a current liability on our consolidated balance sheet since the F-22 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) lenders fund the borrowings through the issuance of commercial paper which matures at various dates within one year from the date of issuance and the term of the one-year back-up facilities described below. There were no borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2003 and 2002. The secured receivables credit facility has the benefit of one-year back-up facilities provided by three banks on a committed basis. On June 27, 2003, the Company extended the expiration date of the back-up facilities of its secured receivables credit facility from July 21, 2003 to April 21, 2004. The Company is currently in discussions with its lenders regarding a replacement for the facility and expects to have a replacement in place during the second quarter of 2004. Credit Agreement The Credit Agreement currently includes a $325 million unsecured revolving credit facility which expires in June 2006. Interest on the unsecured revolving credit facility is based on certain published rates plus an applicable margin that will vary over an approximate range of 50 basis points based on changes in the Company's credit ratings. At the option of the Company, it may elect to enter into LIBOR-based interest rate contracts for periods up to 180 days. Interest on any outstanding amounts not covered under the LIBOR-based interest rate contracts is based on an alternate base rate, which is calculated by reference to the prime rate or federal funds rate (as defined in the Credit Agreement). Additionally, the Company has the ability to borrow up to $200 million under the $325 million unsecured revolving credit facility at rates determined by a competitive bidding process among the lenders. As of December 31, 2003, the Company's borrowing rate for LIBOR-based loans was LIBOR plus 1.1875%. As of December 31, 2003 and 2002, there were no borrowings outstanding under the unsecured revolving credit facility. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by our wholly owned subsidiaries that operate clinical laboratories in the United States (the "Subsidiary Guarantors"). The Credit Agreement contains various covenants, including the maintenance of certain financial ratios, which could impact the Company's ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, repurchase shares of its outstanding common stock, make additional investments and consummate acquisitions. Term Loan due June 2007 As discussed in Note 3, the Company financed the cash portion of the purchase price and related transaction costs associated with the Unilab acquisition, and the repayment of substantially all of Unilab's outstanding debt and related accrued interest, with the proceeds from a $450 million amortizing term loan facility (the "term loan due June 2007") and cash on-hand. The term loan due June 2007 carries interest at LIBOR plus an applicable margin that can fluctuate over a range of up to 80 basis points, based on changes in the Company's credit rating. At the option of the Company, it may elect to enter into LIBOR-based interest rate contracts for periods up to 180 days. Interest on any outstanding amounts not covered under the LIBOR-based interest rate contracts is based on an alternate base rate, which is calculated by reference to the prime rate or federal funds rate. As of December 31, 2003, the Company's borrowing rate for LIBOR-based loans was LIBOR plus 1.1875%. As of December 31, 2003, the term loan due June 2007 required remaining principal repayments of the initial amount borrowed equal to 16.18%, 16.18%, 17.19% and 18.2% in 2004 through 2007, respectively. The term loan due June 2007 is guaranteed by the Subsidiary Guarantors and contains various covenants similar to those under the Credit Agreement. Through December 31, 2003, the Company has repaid $145 million of principal under the term loan due June 2007. On January 12, 2004, the Company repaid an additional $75 million of principal under the term loan due June 2007 with the proceeds from a lower cost term loan due Decemeber 2008. The repayment in 2004 reduces the remaining principal payments of the initial amount borrowed equal to 9.7%, 13.0%, 13.8% and 14.6% in 2004 through 2007, respectively. Term Loan due December 2008 On December 19, 2003, the Company entered into a new $75 million amortizing term loan facility (the "term loan due December 2008"), which was funded on January 12, 2004 and the proceeds of which were used to repay $75 million under the term loan due June 2007. The term loan due December 2008 carries a lower interest rate than the F-23 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) term loan due June 2007 and is based on LIBOR plus an applicable margin that can fluctuate over a range of up to 119 basis points, based on changes in the Company's public debt rating. At the option of the Company, it may elect to enter into LIBOR-based interest rate contracts for periods up to 180 days. Interest on any outstanding amounts not covered under the LIBOR-based interest rate contracts is based on an alternate base rate, which is calculated by reference to the prime rate or federal funds rate. As of December 31, 2003, the Company's borrowing rate for LIBOR-based loans was LIBOR plus 0.55%. The term loan due December 2008 requires principal repayments of the initial amount borrowed equal to 20% on each of the third and fourth anniversary dates of the funding and the remainder of the outstanding balance on December 31, 2008. The term loan due December 2008 is guaranteed by the Subsidiary Guarantors and contains various covenants similar to those under the Credit Agreement. Senior Notes In conjunction with its 2001 debt refinancing (see Note 7), the Company completed a $550 million senior notes offering in June 2001. The Senior Notes were issued in two tranches: (a) $275 million aggregate principal amount of 6 3/4% senior notes due 2006 ("Senior Notes due 2006"), issued at a discount of approximately $1.6 million and (b) $275 million aggregate principal amount of 7 1/2% senior notes due 2011 ("Senior Notes due 2011"), issued at a discount of approximately $1.1 million. After considering the discounts, the effective interest rate on the Senior Notes due 2006 and Senior Notes due 2011 is 6.9% and 7.6%, respectively. The Senior Notes require semiannual interest payments which commenced January 12, 2002. The Senior Notes are unsecured obligations of the Company and rank equally with the Company's other unsecured senior obligations. The Senior Notes are guaranteed by the Subsidiary Guarantors and do not have a sinking fund requirement. 1 3/4% Contingent Convertible Debentures On November 26, 2001, the Company completed its $250 million offering of 1 3/4% contingent convertible debentures due 2021 (the "Debentures"). The net proceeds of the offering, together with cash on hand, were used to repay all of the $256 million principal that was then outstanding under the Company's secured receivables credit facility. The Debentures, which pay a fixed rate of interest semi-annually commencing on May 31, 2002, have a contingent interest component, which is considered to be a derivative instrument subject to SFAS 133, as amended, that will require the Company to pay contingent interest based on certain thresholds, as outlined in the indenture governing the Debentures. For income tax purposes, the Debentures are considered to be a contingent payment security. As such, interest expense for tax purposes is based on an assumed interest rate related to a comparable fixed interest rate debt security issued by the Company without a conversion feature. The assumed interest rate for tax purposes was 7% for both 2003 and 2002. The Debentures are guaranteed by the Subsidiary Guarantors and do not have a sinking fund requirement. Each one thousand dollar principal amount of Debentures is convertible initially into 11.429 shares of the Company's common stock, which represents an initial conversion price of $87.50 per share. Holders may surrender the Debentures for conversion into shares of the Company's common stock under any of the following circumstances: (1) if the sales price of the Company's common stock is above 120% of the conversion price (or $105 per share) for specified periods; (2) if the Company calls the Debentures or (3) if specified corporate transactions have occurred. The Company may call the Debentures at any time on or after November 30, 2004 for the principal amount of the Debentures plus any accrued and unpaid interest. On November 30, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2012 and 2016 each holder of the Debentures may require the Company to repurchase the holder's Debentures for the principal amount of the Debentures plus any accrued and unpaid interest. The Company may repurchase the Debentures for cash, common stock, or a combination of both. The Company intends to settle any repurchases with a cash payment, funding such payment with a combination of cash on-hand and borrowings under its unsecured revolving credit facility. The Debentures are classified as long-term debt on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2003 due to the Company's existing ability and intent to refinance the Debentures on a long-term basis in the event the Debentures are put to the Company in November 2004. F-24 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) Letter of Credit Lines In December 2003, the Company entered into two lines of credit with two financial institutions totaling $68 million for the issuance of letters of credit (the "letter of credit lines"). The letter of credit lines mature in December 2004 and are guaranteed by the Subsidiary Guarantors. As of December 31, 2003, there $44 million of outstanding letters of credit under the letter of credit lines. As of December 31, 2003, long-term debt, including capital leases, maturing in each of the years subsequent to December 31, 2004, is as follows:
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, - ------------------------ 2005........................................................ $ 73,035 2006........................................................ 351,790 2007........................................................ 81,951 2008........................................................ - 2009 and thereafter......................................... 521,931 ---------- Total long-term debt.................................... $1,028,707 ---------- ----------
The table above assumes that the Debentures are repaid at their stated maturity in 2021. 12. PREFERRED STOCK AND COMMON STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Series Preferred Stock Quest Diagnostics is authorized to issue up to 10 million shares of Series Preferred Stock, par value $1.00 per share. The Company's Board of Directors has the authority to issue such shares without stockholder approval and to determine the designations, preferences, rights and restrictions of such shares. Of the authorized shares, 1,300,000 shares have been designated Series A Preferred Stock and 1,000 shares have been designated Voting Cumulative Preferred Stock. No shares have been issued, other than the Voting Cumulative Preferred Stock. Voting Cumulative Preferred Stock During the fourth quarter of 2001, the Company redeemed all of the then issued and outstanding shares of preferred stock for $1 million plus accrued dividends. The Voting Cumulative Preferred Stock is generally entitled to one vote per share, voting together as one class with the Company's common stock. Whenever dividends on the Voting Cumulative Preferred Stock are in arrears, no dividends or redemptions or purchases of shares may be made with respect to any stock ranking junior as to dividends or liquidation to the Voting Cumulative Preferred Stock until all such amounts have been paid. The Voting Cumulative Preferred Stock is not convertible into shares of any other class or series of stock of the Company. The Voting Cumulative Preferred Stock ranks senior to the Quest Diagnostics common stock and the Series A Preferred Stock. Preferred Share Purchase Rights Each share of Quest Diagnostics common stock trades with a preferred share purchase right, which entitles stockholders to purchase one-hundredth of a share of Series A Preferred Stock upon the occurrence of certain events. In conjunction with the SBCL acquisition, the Board of Directors of the Company approved an amendment to the preferred share purchase rights. The amended rights entitle stockholders to purchase shares of Series A Preferred Stock at a predefined price in the event a person or group (other than SmithKline Beecham) acquires 20% or more of the Company's outstanding common stock. The preferred share purchase rights expire December 31, 2006. F-25 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for 2003, 2002 and 2001 were as follows:
FOREIGN ACCUMULATED CURRENCY MARKET OTHER TRANSLATION VALUE COMPREHENSIVE ADJUSTMENT ADJUSTMENT INCOME (LOSS) ---------- ---------- ------------- Balance, December 31, 2000................................. $(3,208) $(2,250) $(5,458) Translation adjustment..................................... (1,178) - (1,178) Market value adjustment, net of tax expense of $2,093...... - 3,166 3,166 ------- ------- ------- Balance, December 31, 2001................................. (4,386) 916 (3,470) Translation adjustment..................................... 1,906 - 1,906 Market value adjustment, net of tax benefit of $2,627...... - (3,960) (3,960) ------- ------- ------- Balance, December 31, 2002................................. (2,480) (3,044) (5,524) Translation adjustment..................................... 2,169 - 2,169 Market value adjustment, net of tax expense of $6,201...... - 9,302 9,302 ------- ------- ------- Balance, December 31, 2003................................. $ (311) $ 6,258 $ 5,947 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- -------
The market value adjustments for 2003, 2002 and 2001 represented unrealized holding gains (losses), net of taxes. For the year ended December 31, 2001, other comprehensive income included the cumulative effect of the change in accounting for derivative financial instruments upon adoption of SFAS 133, as amended, which reduced comprehensive income by approximately $1 million. In addition, in conjunction with the Company's debt refinancing, the interest rate swap agreements were terminated and the losses reflected in stockholders' equity as a component of comprehensive income were reclassified to earnings and reflected within the loss on debt extinguishment in the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2001 (see Note 7). Dividend Policy Through October 20, 2003, the Company never declared or paid cash dividends on its common stock. On October 21, 2003, the Company's Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.15 per common share. The initial $15.4 million quarterly dividend was paid on January 23, 2004 to shareholders of record on January 8, 2004. Share Repurchase Plan In May 2003, the Company's Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program, which permits the Company to purchase up to $300 million of its common stock. In October 2003, the Board of Directors increased the share repurchase authorization by an additional $300 million. Through December 31, 2003, the Company has repurchased 4.0 million shares of its common stock at an average price of $64.54 per share for a total of $258 million under the program. 13. STOCK OWNERSHIP AND COMPENSATION PLANS Employee and Non-employee Directors Stock Ownership Programs In 1999, the Company established the 1999 Employee Equity Participation Program (the "1999 EEPP") to replace the Company's prior plan established in 1996 (the "1996 EEPP"). The 1999 EEPP provides for three types of awards: (a) stock options, (b) stock appreciation rights and (c) incentive stock awards. The 1999 EEPP provides for the grant to eligible employees of either non-qualified or incentive stock options, or both, to purchase shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock at no less than the fair market value on the date of grant. The stock options are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the end of the prescribed vesting F-26 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) period, as determined by the Board of Directors. The stock options expire on the date designated by the Board of Directors but in no event more than eleven years from date of grant. Grants of stock appreciation rights allow eligible employees to receive a payment based on the appreciation of Quest Diagnostics common stock in cash, shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock or a combination thereof. The stock appreciation rights are granted at an exercise price at no less than the fair market value of Quest Diagnostics common stock on the date of grant. Stock appreciation rights expire on the date designated by the Board of Directors but in no event more than eleven years from date of grant. No stock appreciation rights have been granted under the 1999 EEPP. Under the incentive stock provisions of the plan, the 1999 EEPP allows eligible employees to receive awards of shares, or the right to receive shares, of Quest Diagnostics common stock, the equivalent value in cash or a combination thereof. These shares are generally earned on achievement of financial performance goals and are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the end of the prescribed vesting period, which ranges primarily from three to four years. The market value of the shares awarded is recorded as unearned compensation. The amount of unearned compensation is subject to adjustment based upon changes in earnings estimates, if any, during the initial year of grant and is amortized to compensation expense over the prescribed vesting period. Key executive, managerial and technical employees are eligible to participate in the 1999 EEPP. The provisions of the 1996 EEPP were similar to those outlined above for the 1999 EEPP. The 1999 EEPP increased the maximum number of shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock that may be optioned or granted to 18 million shares. In addition, any remaining shares under the 1996 EEPP are available for issuance under the 1999 EEPP. In 1998, the Company established the Quest Diagnostics Incorporated Stock Option Plan for Non-employee Directors (the "Director Option Plan"). The Director Option Plan provides for the grant to non-employee directors of non-qualified stock options to purchase shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock at no less than fair market value on the date of grant. The maximum number of shares that may be issued under the Director Option Plan is 1 million shares. The stock options expire ten years from date of grant and generally vest over three years. During 2003, 2002 and 2001, grants under the Director Option Plan totaled 94, 94 and 81 thousand shares, respectively. Transactions under the stock option plans were as follows (options in thousands, except per share amounts):
2003 2002 2001 ---- ---- ---- Options outstanding, beginning of year...................... 8,922 8,695 9,246 Options granted............................................. 3,176 2,052 2,413 Options exercised........................................... (1,616) (1,543) (2,576) Options terminated.......................................... (242) (282) (388) ------- ------- ------- Options outstanding, end of year............................ 10,240 8,922 8,695 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Exercisable................................................. 5,706 3,943 3,168 Weighted average exercise price: Options granted......................................... $ 53.33 $ 74.92 $ 55.08 Options exercised....................................... 20.29 18.70 11.37 Options terminated...................................... 58.31 26.05 25.31 Options outstanding, end of year........................ 44.85 38.83 26.33 Exercisable, end of year................................ 34.01 22.09 13.97 Weighted average fair value of options at grant date........ $ 23.21 $ 33.74 $ 25.79
F-27 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) The following relates to options outstanding at December 31, 2003:
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING OPTIONS EXERCISABLE - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------- WEIGHTED AVERAGE REMAINING WEIGHTED WEIGHTED RANGE OF SHARES CONTRACTUAL LIFE AVERAGE SHARES AVERAGE EXERCISE PRICE (IN THOUSANDS) (IN YEARS) EXERCISE PRICE (IN THOUSANDS) EXERCISE PRICE -------------- -------------- ---------- -------------- -------------- -------------- $ 5.26 - $11.28...... 564 3.8 $ 7.91 564 $ 7.91 $12.92 - $19.16...... 2,431 5.8 14.02 2,431 14.02 $28.53 - $35.64...... 360 6.4 30.44 360 30.44 $44.00 - $60.00...... 4,142 8.3 51.44 1,349 53.13 $60.06 - $75.94...... 2,376 8.5 68.43 836 69.16 $80.95 - $94.99...... 367 8.4 93.06 166 91.15
The following summarizes the activity relative to incentive stock awards granted in 2003, 2002 and 2001 (shares in thousands):
2003 2002 2001 ---- ---- ---- Incentive shares, beginning of year......................... 735 1,320 1,788 Incentive shares granted.................................... 102 - - Incentive shares vested..................................... (533) (570) (439) Incentive shares forfeited and canceled..................... (16) (15) (29) ------ ------ ------ Incentive shares, end of year............................... 288 735 1,320 ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ Weighted average fair value of incentive shares at grant date...................................................... $49.88 $ - $ -
The balance of the incentive stock awards at December 31, 2003 are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the end of the prescribed vesting period. Employee Stock Purchase Plan Under the Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP"), substantially all employees can elect to have up to 10% of their annual wages withheld to purchase Quest Diagnostics common stock. The purchase price of the stock is 85% of the lower of its beginning-of-quarter or end-of-quarter market price. Under the ESPP, the maximum number of shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock which may be purchased by eligible employees is 4 million. Approximately 272, 236 and 203 thousand shares of common stock were purchased by eligible employees in 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Employee Stock Ownership Plan Prior to 1999, the Company maintained its Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") to account for certain shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock which had been issued for the account of all active regular employees of the Company as of December 31, 1996. Effective with the closing of the SBCL acquisition, the Company modified certain provisions of the ESOP to provide an additional benefit to employees through ownership of the Company's common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2002, the ESOP was merged into the Company's defined contribution plan. Prior to the merger of the ESOP into the Company's defined contribution plan, substantially all of the Company's employees were eligible to participate in the ESOP. The Company's contributions to the ESOP trust were based on 2% of eligible employee compensation for those employees who were actively employed or on a leave of absence on the last day of the Plan year. Company contributions to the trust were made in the form of shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock. The Company's contributions to this plan aggregated $10.4 million and $19.7 million for 2002 and 2001, respectively. F-28 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) Defined Contribution Plan The Company maintains a qualified defined contribution plan covering substantially all of its employees. During the year ended December 31, 2002, the ESOP, to which the Company made annual contributions equal to 2% of eligible compensation, was merged into the Company's defined contribution plan and the Company increased its maximum matching contribution for its defined contribution plan from 4% to 6% of an employee's eligible wages. The Company's expense for contributions to its defined contribution plan aggregated $54 million, $42 million and $30 million for 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. Supplemental Deferred Compensation Plan The Company's supplemental deferred compensation plan is an unfunded, non-qualified plan that provides for certain management and highly compensated employees to defer up to 50% of their eligible compensation. The compensation deferred under this plan, together with Company matching amounts, are credited with earnings or losses measured by the mirrored rate of return on investments elected by plan participants. Each plan participant is fully vested in all deferred compensation, Company match and earnings credited to their account. Although the Company is currently contributing all participant deferrals and matching amounts to a trust, the funds in the trust, totaling $19.2 million and $14.8 million at December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively, are general assets of the Company and are subject to any claims of the Company's creditors. The Company's expense for matching contributions to this plan were $0.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.6 million for 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. 14. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS As a result of the merger of Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKline Beecham in December 2000, GlaxoSmithKline plc ("GSK") currently beneficially owns approximately 22% of the outstanding shares of Quest Diagnostics common stock. As part of the SBCL acquisition agreements, SmithKline Beecham and Quest Diagnostics entered into data access agreements under which Quest Diagnostics granted SmithKline Beecham and certain affiliated companies certain non-exclusive rights and access to use Quest Diagnostics' proprietary clinical laboratory information database, which were terminated as of December 31, 2002. In addition to the contracts outlined above, GSK has a long-term contractual relationship with Quest Diagnostics under which Quest Diagnostics is the primary provider of testing to support GSK's and SmithKline Beecham's clinical trials testing requirements worldwide (the "Clinical Trials Agreements"). Significant transactions with GSK and SmithKline Beecham during 2003, 2002 and 2001 included:
2003 2002 2001 ---- ---- ---- Net revenues, primarily derived under the Clinical Trials Agreements................................................ $50,060 $32,822 $27,806
In addition, under the SBCL acquisition agreements, SmithKline Beecham has agreed to indemnify Quest Diagnostics, on an after tax basis, against certain matters primarily related to taxes and billing and professional liability claims. At December 31, 2003 and 2002, accounts payable and accrued expenses included $21 million and $26 million, respectively, due to SmithKline Beecham, primarily related to tax benefits associated with indemnifiable matters. During 2001, the Company received $8.7 million from Corning related to certain indemnified billing-related claims settled in 2001 and 2000. F-29 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) 15. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Minimum rental commitments under noncancelable operating leases, primarily real estate, in effect at December 31, 2003 are as follows:
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, - ------------------------ 2004........................................................ $122,596 2005........................................................ 96,987 2006........................................................ 73,249 2007........................................................ 56,690 2008........................................................ 44,109 2009 and thereafter......................................... 136,150 -------- Minimum lease payments...................................... 529,781 Noncancelable sub-lease income.............................. (763) -------- Net minimum lease payments.................................. $529,018 -------- --------
Operating lease rental expense for 2003, 2002 and 2001 aggregated $121 million, $97 million and $83 million, respectively. The Company has certain noncancelable commitments to purchase products or services from various suppliers, mainly for telecommunications and standing orders to purchase reagents and other laboratory supplies. At December 31, 2003, the approximate total future purchase commitments are $75 million, of which $39 million are expected to be incurred in 2004. In support of its risk management program, the Company has standby letters of credit issued under its letter of credit lines and unsecured revolving credit facility to ensure its performance or payment to third parties, which amounted to $57 million at December 31, 2003, of which $44 million was issued against the letter of credit lines with the remaining $13 million issued against our $325 million unsecured revolving credit facility. The letters of credit, which are renewed annually, primarily represent collateral for current and future automobile liability and workers' compensation loss payments. During January 2004, $13 million in letters of credit issued against the $325 million unsecured revolving credit facility were cancelled and $17 million of letters of credit were issued under the letter of credit lines. The Company has entered into several settlement agreements with various government and private payers during recent years relating to industry-wide billing and marketing practices that had been substantially discontinued by the mid-1990s. In addition, the Company is aware of several pending lawsuits filed under the qui tam provisions of the civil False Claims Act and has received notices of private claims relating to billing issues similar to those that were the subject of prior settlements with various government payers. Some of the proceedings against the Company involve claims that are substantial in amount. Some of the cases involve the operations of Unilab prior to the closing of the Unilab acquisition. Although management believes that established reserves for both indemnified and non-indemnified claims are sufficient, it is possible that additional information (such as the indication by the government of criminal activity, additional tests being questioned or other changes in the government's or private claimants' theories of wrongdoing) may become available which may cause the final resolution of these matters to exceed established reserves by an amount which could be material to the Company's results of operations and cash flows in the period in which such claims are settled. The Company does not believe that these issues will have a material adverse effect on its overall financial condition. In addition to the billing-related settlement reserves discussed above, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of the proceedings against the Company involve claims that are substantial in amount. Although management cannot predict the outcome of such proceedings or any claims made against the Company, management does not anticipate that the ultimate outcome of the various proceedings or claims will have a material adverse effect on our financial position but may be material to the Company's results of operations and cash flows in the period in which such proceedings or claims are resolved. F-30 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) As a general matter, providers of clinical laboratory testing services may be subject to lawsuits alleging negligence or other similar legal claims. These suits could involve claims for substantial damages. Any professional liability litigation could also have an adverse impact on the Company's client base and reputation. The Company maintains various liability insurance programs for claims that could result from providing or failing to provide clinical laboratory testing services, including inaccurate testing results and other exposures. The Company's insurance coverage limits its maximum exposure on individual claims; however, the Company is essentially self-insured for a significant portion of these claims. The basis for claims reserves incorporates actuarially determined losses based upon the Company's historical and projected loss experience. Management believes that present insurance coverage and reserves are sufficient to cover currently estimated exposures. Although management cannot predict the outcome of any claims made against the Company, management does not anticipate that the ultimate outcome of any such proceedings or claims will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position but may be material to the Company's results of operations and cash flows in the period in which such claims are resolved. 16. SUMMARIZED FINANCIAL INFORMATION As described in Note 11, the Senior Notes and the Debentures are guaranteed by the Subsidiary Guarantors. With the exception of Quest Diagnostics Receivables Incorporated (see paragraph below), the non-guarantor subsidiaries are primarily foreign and less than wholly owned subsidiaries. In conjunction with the Company's secured receivables credit facility described in Note 11, the Company formed a new wholly owned non-guarantor subsidiary, Quest Diagnostics Receivables Incorporated ("QDRI"). The Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors, with the exception of AML and Unilab, transfer all private domestic receivables (principally excluding receivables due from Medicare, Medicaid and other federal programs, and receivables due from customers of its joint ventures) to QDRI. QDRI utilizes the transferred receivables to collateralize the Company's secured receivables credit facility. The Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors provide collection services to QDRI. QDRI uses cash collections principally to purchase new receivables from the Company and the Subsidiary Guarantors. The following condensed consolidating financial data illustrates the composition of the combined guarantors. Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for by the parent using the equity method for purposes of the supplemental consolidating presentation. Earnings (losses) of subsidiaries are therefore reflected in the parent's investment accounts and earnings. The principal elimination entries relate to investments in subsidiaries and intercompany balances and transactions. On April 1, 2002, Quest Diagnostics acquired AML (see Note 3), which has been included in the accompanying condensed consolidating financial data, subsequent to the closing of the acquisition, as a Subsidiary Guarantor. On February 28, 2003, Quest Diagnostics acquired Unilab (see Note 3), which has been included in the accompanying condensed consolidating financial data, subsequent to the closing of the acquisition, as a Subsidiary Guarantor. F-31 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet December 31, 2003
NON- SUBSIDIARY GUARANTOR PARENT GUARANTORS SUBSIDIARIES ELIMINATIONS CONSOLIDATED ------ ---------- ------------ ------------ ------------ Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents..................... $ 141,588 $ 1,991 $ 11,379 $ - $ 154,958 Accounts receivable, net...................... 17,919 164,247 427,021 - 609,187 Other current assets.......................... 36,576 114,758 80,307 - 231,641 ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- Total current assets...................... 196,083 280,996 518,707 - 995,786 Property, plant and equipment, net............ 228,109 350,196 29,000 - 607,305 Goodwill and intangible assets, net........... 158,295 2,332,147 45,411 - 2,535,853 Intercompany receivable (payable)............. 510,958 (106,078) (404,880) - - Investment in subsidiaries.................... 1,929,235 - - (1,929,235) - Other assets.................................. 73,398 50,053 39,023 - 162,474 ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- Total assets.............................. $3,096,078 $2,907,314 $ 227,261 $(1,929,235) $4,301,418 ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses......... $ 337,635 $ 281,753 $ 30,462 $ - $ 649,850 Current portion of long-term debt............. - 73,950 - - 73,950 ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- Total current liabilities................. 337,635 355,703 30,462 - 723,800 Long-term debt................................ 315,844 710,908 1,955 - 1,028,707 Other liabilities............................. 47,905 83,781 22,531 - 154,217 Common stockholders' equity................... 2,394,694 1,756,922 172,313 (1,929,235) 2,394,694 ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- Total liabilities and stockholders' equity.................................. $3,096,078 $2,907,314 $ 227,261 $(1,929,235) $4,301,418 ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet December 31, 2002
NON- SUBSIDIARY GUARANTOR PARENT GUARANTORS SUBSIDIARIES ELIMINATIONS CONSOLIDATED ------ ---------- ------------ ------------ ------------ Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents..................... $ 79,015 $ 7,377 $ 10,385 $ - $ 96,777 Accounts receivable, net...................... 15,032 89,626 417,473 - 522,131 Other current assets.......................... 52,952 63,148 89,435 - 205,535 ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- Total current assets...................... 146,999 160,151 517,293 - 824,443 Property, plant and equipment, net............ 227,263 317,243 25,643 - 570,149 Goodwill and intangible assets, net........... 159,293 1,607,767 43,873 - 1,810,933 Intercompany receivable (payable)............. 194,874 236,752 (431,626) - - Investment in subsidiaries.................... 1,631,868 - - (1,631,868) - Other assets.................................. 61,653 26,905 30,114 - 118,672 ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- Total assets.............................. $2,421,950 $2,348,818 $ 185,297 $(1,631,868) $3,324,197 ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable and accrued expenses......... $ 295,479 $ 287,539 $ 26,927 $ - $ 609,945 Current portion of long-term debt............. - 25,689 343 - 26,032 ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- Total current liabilities................. 295,479 313,228 27,270 - 635,977 Long-term debt................................ 315,109 478,863 2,535 - 796,507 Other liabilities............................. 42,499 62,339 18,012 - 122,850 Common stockholders' equity................... 1,768,863 1,494,388 137,480 (1,631,868) 1,768,863 ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- Total liabilities and stockholders' equity.................................. $2,421,950 $2,348,818 $ 185,297 $(1,631,868) $3,324,197 ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- ----------- ----------
F-32 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations For the Year Ended December 31, 2003
NON- SUBSIDIARY GUARANTOR PARENT GUARANTORS SUBSIDIARIES ELIMINATIONS CONSOLIDATED ------ ---------- ------------ ------------ ------------ Net revenues.................................. $ 791,399 $3,709,590 $467,559 $(230,590) $4,737,958 Operating costs and expenses: Cost of services.......................... 457,819 2,147,387 163,417 - 2,768,623 Selling, general and administrative....... 76,626 880,951 223,762 (15,639) 1,165,700 Amortization of intangible assets......... 1,723 6,461 17 - 8,201 Royalty (income) expense.................. (308,495) 308,495 - - - Other operating (income) expense, net..... 119 (2,197) 1,058 - (1,020) --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- Total operating costs and expenses.... 227,792 3,341,097 388,254 (15,639) 3,941,504 --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- Operating income.............................. 563,607 368,493 79,305 (214,951) 796,454 Non-operating expenses, net................... (65,689) (202,146) (5,772) 214,951 (58,656) --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- Income before taxes........................... 497,918 166,347 73,533 - 737,798 Income tax expense............................ 204,795 66,539 29,747 - 301,081 --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- Income before equity earnings................. 293,123 99,808 43,786 - 436,717 Equity earnings from subsidiaries............. 143,594 - - (143,594) - --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- Net income.................................... $ 436,717 $ 99,808 $ 43,786 $(143,594) $ 436,717 --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- --------- ----------
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations For the Year Ended December 31, 2002
NON- SUBSIDIARY GUARANTOR PARENT GUARANTORS SUBSIDIARIES ELIMINATIONS CONSOLIDATED ------ ---------- ------------ ------------ ------------ Net revenues.................................. $ 749,268 $3,143,063 $483,637 $(267,917) $4,108,051 Operating costs and expenses: Cost of services.......................... 477,683 1,804,150 150,555 - 2,432,388 Selling, general and administrative....... 167,736 663,560 258,667 (15,122) 1,074,841 Amortization of intangible assets......... 2,154 6,219 - - 8,373 Royalty (income) expense.................. (246,687) 246,687 - - - Other operating (income) expense, net..... 2,527 (923) (1,297) - 307 --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- Total operating costs and expenses.... 403,413 2,719,693 407,925 (15,122) 3,515,909 --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- Operating income.............................. 345,855 423,370 75,712 (252,795) 592,142 Non-operating expenses, net................... (73,700) (220,396) (8,464) 252,795 (49,765) --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- Income before taxes........................... 272,155 202,974 67,248 - 542,377 Income tax expense............................ 109,337 81,190 29,696 - 220,223 --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- Income before equity earnings................. 162,818 121,784 37,552 - 322,154 Equity earnings from subsidiaries............. 159,336 - - (159,336) - --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- Net income.................................... $ 322,154 $ 121,784 $ 37,552 $(159,336) $ 322,154 --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- --------- ----------
F-33 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations For the Year Ended December 31, 2001
NON- SUBSIDIARY GUARANTOR PARENT GUARANTORS SUBSIDIARIES ELIMINATIONS CONSOLIDATED ------ ---------- ------------ ------------ ------------ Net revenues.................................. $ 596,909 $2,862,536 $451,525 $(283,199) $3,627,771 Operating costs and expenses: Cost of services.......................... 431,382 1,610,902 109,310 - 2,151,594 Selling, general and administrative....... 159,439 623,419 250,420 (14,598) 1,018,680 Amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets....................... 3,826 41,696 585 - 46,107 Royalty (income) expense.................. (241,886) 241,886 - - - Other operating (income) expense, net..... (370) 172 38 - (160) --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- Total operating costs and expenses.... 352,391 2,518,075 360,353 (14,598) 3,216,221 --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- Operating income.............................. 244,518 344,461 91,172 (268,601) 411,550 Non-operating expenses, net................... (88,375) (268,762) (26,425) 268,601 (114,961) --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- Income before taxes........................... 156,143 75,699 64,747 - 296,589 Income tax expense............................ 66,345 42,645 25,296 - 134,286 --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- Income before equity earnings................. 89,798 33,054 39,451 - 162,303 Equity earnings from subsidiaries............. 72,505 - - (72,505) - --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- Net income.................................... $ 162,303 $ 33,054 $ 39,451 $ (72,505) $ 162,303 --------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- --------- ---------- -------- --------- ----------
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2003
NON- SUBSIDIARY GUARANTOR PARENT GUARANTORS SUBSIDIARIES ELIMINATIONS CONSOLIDATED ------ ---------- ------------ ------------ ------------ Cash flows from operating activities: Net income................................... $ 436,717 $ 99,808 $ 43,786 $(143,594) $ 436,717 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization............ 53,611 91,501 8,791 - 153,903 Provision for doubtful accounts.......... 4,944 64,835 158,443 - 228,222 Other, net............................... (78,968) 2,463 18,604 143,594 85,693 Changes in operating assets and liabilities............................ 54,277 (178,027) (117,986) - (241,736) --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Net cash provided by operating activities.... 470,581 80,580 111,638 - 662,799 Net cash used in investing activities........ (271,820) (96,957) (17,342) (30,931) (417,050) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities................................. (136,188) 10,991 (93,302) 30,931 (187,568) --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Net change in cash and cash equivalents...... 62,573 (5,386) 994 - 58,181 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year....................................... 79,015 7,377 10,385 - 96,777 --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Cash and cash equivalents, end of year....... $ 141,588 $ 1,991 $ 11,379 $ - $ 154,958 --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
F-34 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- CONTINUED (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2002
NON- SUBSIDIARY GUARANTOR PARENT GUARANTORS SUBSIDIARIES ELIMINATIONS CONSOLIDATED ------ ---------- ------------ ------------ ------------ Cash flows from operating activities: Net income.................................... $ 322,154 $ 121,784 $ 37,552 $(159,336) $ 322,154 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: Depreciation and amortization............. 45,718 78,160 7,513 - 131,391 Provision for doubtful accounts........... 7,966 29,513 179,881 - 217,360 Other, net................................ (52,282) 15,317 35,626 159,336 157,997 Changes in operating assets and liabilities............................. 168,559 (250,548) (150,542) - (232,531) --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Net cash provided (used in) by operating activities............................... 492,115 (5,774) 110,030 - 596,371 Net cash used in investing activities......... (439,848) (2,480) (6,075) (28,809) (477,212) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities.................................. 26,748 (94,940) (105,331) 28,809 (144,714) --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Net change in cash and cash equivalents....... 79,015 (103,194) (1,376) - (25,555) Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year........................................ - 110,571 11,761 - 122,332 --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Cash and cash equivalents, end of year........ $ 79,015 $ 7,377 $ 10,385 $ - $ 96,777 --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows For the Year Ended December 31, 2001
NON- SUBSIDIARY GUARANTOR PARENT GUARANTORS SUBSIDIARIES ELIMINATIONS CONSOLIDATED ------ ---------- ------------ ------------ ------------ Cash flows from operating activities: Net income.................................... $ 162,303 $ 33,054 $ 39,451 $ (72,505) $ 162,303 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization............. 40,726 102,020 4,981 - 147,727 Provision for doubtful accounts........... 627 21,198 196,446 - 218,271 Loss on debt extinguishment............... 12,464 25,945 3,603 - 42,012 Other, net................................ 34,863 35,735 (40,087) 72,505 103,016 Changes in operating assets and liabilities............................. (84,349) (40,535) (82,642) - (207,526) --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Net cash provided by operating activities..... 166,634 177,417 121,752 - 465,803 Net cash used in investing activities......... (395,196) (45,293) (4,087) 147,960 (296,616) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities.................................. 228,562 (185,416) (113,518) (147,960) (218,332) --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Net change in cash and cash equivalents....... - (53,292) 4,147 - (49,145) Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year........................................ - 163,863 7,614 - 171,477 --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Cash and cash equivalents, end of year........ $ - $ 110,571 $ 11,761 $ - $ 122,332 --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
F-35 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA) QUARTERLY OPERATING RESULTS (UNAUDITED)
FIRST SECOND THIRD FOURTH QUARTER QUARTER QUARTER QUARTER TOTAL YEAR ------- ------- ------- ------- ---------- 2003(a) Net revenues........................... $1,092,797 $1,219,935 $1,221,221 $1,204,005 $4,737,958 Gross profit........................... 444,700 516,811 510,041 497,783 1,969,335 Net income............................. 88,036 120,412 120,024 108,245 436,717 Basic earnings per common share: Net income............................. 0.88 1.15 1.15 1.04 4.22 Diluted earnings per common share: Net income............................. 0.86 1.12 1.12 1.02 4.12 FIRST SECOND THIRD FOURTH QUARTER QUARTER QUARTER QUARTER TOTAL YEAR ------- ------- ------- ------- ---------- 2002(b) Net revenues........................... $ 946,762 $1,068,810 $1,058,714 $1,033,765 $4,108,051 Gross profit........................... 389,024 438,552 433,639 414,448 1,675,663 Net income............................. 66,689 87,151 86,617 81,697 322,154 Basic earnings per common share: Net income............................. 0.70 0.90 0.89 0.84 3.34 Diluted earnings per common share: Net income............................. 0.67 0.87 0.87 0.82 3.23
(a) On February 28, 2003, Quest Diagnostics completed the acquisition of Unilab. The quarterly operating results include the results of operations of Unilab subsequent to the closing of the acquisition (see Note 3). (b) On April 1, 2002, Quest Diagnostics completed its acquisition of AML. The quarterly operating results include the results of operations of AML subsequent to the closing of the acquisition (see Note 3). F-36 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES SCHEDULE II -- VALUATION ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES (IN THOUSANDS)
PROVISION FOR BALANCE AT DOUBTFUL NET DEDUCTIONS BALANCE AT 1-1-03 ACCOUNTS AND OTHER 12-31-03 ------ -------- --------- -------- Year ended December 31, 2003 Doubtful accounts and allowances.......... $193,456 $228,222 $209,939 $211,739 PROVISION FOR BALANCE AT DOUBTFUL NET DEDUCTIONS BALANCE AT 1-1-02 ACCOUNTS AND OTHER 12-31-02 ------ -------- --------- -------- Year ended December 31, 2002 Doubtful accounts and allowances.......... $216,203 $217,360 $240,107 $193,456 PROVISION FOR BALANCE AT DOUBTFUL NET DEDUCTIONS BALANCE AT 1-1-01 ACCOUNTS AND OTHER 12-31-01 ------ -------- --------- -------- Year ended December 31, 2001 Doubtful accounts and allowances.......... $204,358 $218,271 $206,426 $216,203
F-37 STATEMENT OF DIFFERENCES ------------------------ The trademark symbol shall be expressed as.............................. 'TM' The registered trademark symbol shall be expressed as................... 'r' The section symbol shall be expressed as................................ 'SS'
EX-4 3 ex4-5.txt EXHIBIT 4.5 Exhibit 4.5 QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR RIGHTS AGENT Pursuant to resolutions duly adopted by the Board of Directors of Quest Diagnostics Incorporated (the "Corporation") hereby appoints National City Bank as successor Rights Agent under the Corporation's Rights Agreement dated as of December 31, 1996, as amended on July 1, 1999, December 31, 1999, and October 18, 2000. Henceforth, all references to the Rights Agent, whether in the Rights Agreement or in a Rights Legend appearing on the Corporation's stock certificate, shall mean National City Bank, and the address for National City Bank shall be: Mr. Matthew Hostelley National City Bank Corporate Trust Administration 1900 East Ninth Street Cleveland, OH 44114 National City Bank hereby accepts appointment as successor Rights Agent. Dated as of the 24th day of November, 2003. QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED By /s/ Leo C. Farrenkopf, Jr. -------------------------- Leo C. Farrenkopf, Jr. Its Vice President and Secretary NATIONAL CITY BANK By /s/ Matthew Hostelly -------------------- Its Vice President EX-10 4 ex10-15.txt EXHIBIT 10.15 Exhibit 10.15 TERM LOAN CREDIT AGREEMENT among QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED as Borrower, AND CERTAIN SUBSIDIARIES OF THE BORROWER as Guarantors, AND THE LENDERS PARTIES HERETO FROM TIME TO TIME, AND SUMITOMO MITSUI BANKING CORPORATION as Administrative Agent and Initial Lender DATED AS OF DECEMBER 19, 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS [omitted]
SCHEDULES Schedule 1.1(a) Commitment Percentages/Lending Offices Schedule 6.10 Litigation Schedule 6.21 Subsidiaries Schedule 8.1 Indebtedness Schedule 8.2 Liens Schedule 8.6 Investments Schedule 8.7 Affiliate Transactions Schedule 11.1 Notices EXHIBITS Exhibit 2.1(b) Form of Notice of Borrowing Exhibit 2.1(e) Form of Term Note Exhibit 2.2 Form of Notice of Continuation/Conversion Exhibit 7.1(c) Form of Officer's Certificate Exhibit 7.12 Form of Joinder Agreement Exhibit 11.3(b) Form of Assignment Agreement
i TERM LOAN CREDIT AGREEMENT THIS TERM LOAN CREDIT AGREEMENT (this "Credit Agreement"), is entered into as of December 19, 2003 among QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED, a Delaware corporation (the "Borrower"), certain of the Subsidiaries of the Borrower (individually a "Guarantor" and collectively the "Guarantors"), the Lenders (as defined herein), and SUMITOMO MITSUI BANKING CORPORATION, as Administrative Agent for the Lenders. RECITALS WHEREAS, the Borrower and the Guarantors have requested the Initial Lender to provide a term loan credit facility to the Borrower in an aggregate principal amount of up to $75,000,000; and WHEREAS, the Initial Lender hereto has agreed to make the requested term loan credit facility available to the Borrower on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth. NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the premises and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows: SECTION 1 DEFINITIONS AND ACCOUNTING TERMS 1.1 Definitions. As used herein, the following terms shall have the meanings herein specified unless the context otherwise requires. Defined terms herein shall include in the singular number the plural and in the plural the singular: "Acquisition" means the acquisition by any Person of (a) more than 50% of the Capital Stock of another Person, (b) all or substantially all of the assets of another Person or (c) all or substantially all of a line of business of another Person, in each case whether or not involving a merger or consolidation with such other Person. "Additional Credit Party" means each Person that becomes a Guarantor after the Closing Date, as provided in Section 7.12 or otherwise. "Adjusted Eurodollar Rate" means the Eurodollar Rate plus the Applicable Percentage. "Administrative Agent" means Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (or any successor thereto) or any successor administrative agent appointed pursuant to Section 10.9. "Administrative Fees" has the meaning set forth in Section 3.4. "Affiliate" means, with respect to any Person, any other Person directly or indirectly controlling (including but not limited to all directors and officers of such Person), controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such Person. A Person shall be deemed to control a corporation if such Person possesses, directly or indirectly, the power (a) to vote 10% or more of the securities having ordinary voting power for the election of directors of such corporation or (b) to direct or cause direction of the management and policies of such corporation, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise. "Agent-Related Person" means the Administrative Agent (including any successor administrative agent), together with its Affiliates, and their respective officers, directors, employees, agents, counsel and attorneys-in-fact. "Applicable Percentage" means the appropriate applicable percentages corresponding to the Debt Rating of the Borrower in effect from time to time as described below:
================================================================ Applicable Percentage for Pricing Level Debt Rating Eurodollar Loans ---------------------------------------------------------------- I >=BBB+ from S&P/ 0.500% >=Baa1 from Moody's ---------------------------------------------------------------- II >=BBB but *BBB+ from S&P/ 0.550% >=Baa2 but *Baa1 from Moody's ---------------------------------------------------------------- III >=BBB- but *BBB from S&P/ 0.800% >=Baa3 but *Baa2 from Moody's ---------------------------------------------------------------- IV >=BB+ but *BBB- from S&P/ 1.250% >=Ba1 but *Baa3 from Moody's ---------------------------------------------------------------- V *BB+ or unrated by S&P/ 1.6875% *Ba1 or unrated by Moody's ================================================================
The Applicable Percentage for Eurodollar Loans shall, in each case, be determined and adjusted on the date (each a "Calculation Date") one Business Day after the date on which the Borrower's Debt Rating is upgraded or downgraded in a manner which requires a change in the then applicable Pricing Level set forth above. If at any time there is a split in the Borrower's Debt Ratings between S&P and Moody's, the Applicable Percentages shall be determined by the higher of the two Debt Ratings (i.e. the lower pricing); provided that if the two Debt Ratings are more than one level apart, the Applicable Percentage shall be based on the Debt Rating which is one level higher than the lower rating. Each Applicable Percentage shall be effective from one Calculation Date until the next Calculation Date. Any adjustment in the Applicable Percentage shall be applicable to all existing Eurodollar Loans as well as any new Eurodollar Loans made. "Attorneys' Costs" means all reasonable fees and disbursements of any law firm or other external counsel and the reasonable allocated cost of internal legal services and all disbursements of internal counsel. -2- "Attributable Debt" means, with respect to a Sale and Leaseback Transaction, an amount equal to the lesser of: (a) the fair market value of the Principal Property (as determined in good faith by the Borrower's board of directors); and (b) the present value of the total net amount of rent payments to be made under the lease during its remaining term, discounted at the rate of interest set forth or implicit in the terms of the lease, compounded semi-annually. "Authorized Officer" means any of the chief executive officer, president, chief financial officer, corporate controller, treasurer or assistant treasurer of the Borrower. "Bankruptcy Code" means the Bankruptcy Code in Title 11 of the United States Code, as amended, modified, succeeded or replaced from time to time. "Base Rate" means, for any day, the rate per annum equal to the greater of (a) the Federal Funds Rate in effect on such day plus 1/2 of 1% or (b) the Prime Rate in effect on such day. If for any reason the Administrative Agent shall have determined (which determination shall be conclusive absent manifest error) that it is unable after due inquiry to ascertain the Federal Funds Rate for any reason, including the inability or failure of the Administrative Agent to obtain sufficient quotations in accordance with the terms hereof, the Base Rate shall be determined without regard to clause (a) of the first sentence of this definition until the circumstances giving rise to such inability no longer exist. Any change in the Base Rate due to a change in the Prime Rate or the Federal Funds Rate shall be effective at the opening of business on the day specified in the public announcement of such change. "Base Rate Loan" means any Term Loan when it bears interest at a rate determined by reference to the Base Rate. "Borrower" means Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, a Delaware corporation, together with any successors and permitted assigns. "Business Day" means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday, a legal holiday or a day on which banking institutions are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close in New York, New York; provided that in the case of Eurodollar Loans, such day is also a day on which dealings between banks are carried on in U.S. dollar deposits in the London interbank market. "Calculation Date" has the meaning set forth in the definition of Applicable Percentage. "CAP" means the College of American Pathologists. "Capital Expenditures" means all expenditures of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis which, in accordance with GAAP, would be classified as capital -3- expenditures, including, without limitation, Capital Leases which would be so classified in accordance with GAAP. "Capital Lease" means, as applied to any Person, any lease of any Property (whether real, personal or mixed) by that Person as lessee which, in accordance with GAAP, is or should be accounted for as a capital lease on the balance sheet of that Person and the amount of such obligation shall be the capitalized amount thereof determined in accordance with GAAP. "Capital Stock" means (a) in the case of a corporation, all classes of capital stock of such corporation, (b) in the case of a partnership, partnership interests (whether general or limited), (c) in the case of a limited liability company, membership interests and (d) any other interest or participation that confers on a Person the right to receive a share of the profits and losses of, or distributions of assets of, the issuing Person. "Cash Equivalents" means (a) securities issued or directly and fully guaranteed or insured by the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality thereof (provided that the full faith and credit of the United States of America is pledged in support thereof) having maturities of not more than eighteen months from the date of acquisition, (b) Dollar denominated time and demand deposits, certificates of deposit and banker's acceptances of (i) any Lender, (ii) any domestic commercial bank having capital and surplus in excess of $500,000,000 or (iii) any bank whose short-term commercial paper rating from S&P is at least A-1 or the equivalent thereof or from Moody's is at least P-1 or the equivalent thereof (any such bank being an "Approved Bank"), in each case with maturities of not more than 270 days from the date of acquisition, (c) commercial paper and variable or fixed rate notes issued by any Approved Bank (or by the parent company thereof) or any variable rate notes issued by, or guaranteed by, any domestic corporation rated A-1 (or the equivalent thereof) or better by S&P or P-1 (or the equivalent thereof) or better by Moody's and maturing within six months of the date of acquisition, (d) repurchase agreements with a bank or trust company (including any of the Lenders) or recognized securities dealer having capital and surplus in excess of $500,000,000 for direct obligations issued by or fully guaranteed by the United States of America in which the Borrower shall have a perfected first priority security interest (subject to no other Liens) and having, on the date of purchase thereof, a fair market value of at least 100% of the amount of the repurchase obligations, (e) Investments in tax-exempt municipal bonds rated A (or the equivalent thereof) or better by S&P or MIG2 (or the equivalent thereof) or better by Moody's and (f) Investments, classified in accordance with GAAP as current assets, in money market investment programs registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, which are administered by reputable financial institutions having capital of at least $500,000,000 and the portfolios of which are limited to Investments of the character described in the foregoing subdivisions (a) through (e). "Cash Interest Expenses" means all Interest Expense actually paid in cash by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries. -4- "Cash Taxes" means the total amount of federal, state, foreign or other income or franchise taxes, paid in cash, of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. "CHAMPUS" means the United States Department of Defense Civilian Health and Medical Program of the United States or any successor thereto including, without limitation, TRICARE. "Change of Control" means either of the following events: (a) any "person" or "group" (within the meaning of Section 13(d) or 14(d) of the Exchange Act) has become, directly or indirectly, the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Exchange Act), by way of merger, consolidation or otherwise of 35% or more of the Voting Stock of the Borrower on a fully-diluted basis, after giving effect to the conversion and exercise of all outstanding warrants, options and other securities of the Borrower convertible into or exercisable for Voting Stock of the Borrower (whether or not such securities are then currently convertible or exercisable); or (b) during any period of twelve calendar months, individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the board of directors of the Borrower together with any new members of such board of directors whose elections by such board or board of directors or whose nomination for election by the stockholders of the Borrower was approved by a vote of a majority of the members of such board of directors then still in office who either were directors at the beginning of such period or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the directors of the Borrower then in office. "CLIA" means the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act as set forth at 42 U.S.C. 263a and the regulations promulgated thereunder, as amended. "Closing Date" means the date hereof. "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, as amended, modified, succeeded or replaced from time to time. "Commitment" means the commitment of the Initial Lender in the amount of $75,000,000. "Convertible Notes" means those certain 1 3/4% contingent convertible debentures due November 30, 2021 issued by the Borrower in an aggregate principal amount of $250,000,000. "Credit Documents" means this Credit Agreement, the Notes, any Joinder Agreement and any Notice of Borrowing. -5- "Credit Exposure" has the meaning set forth in the definition of Required Lenders in this Section 1.1. "Credit Parties" means the Borrower and the Guarantors and "Credit Party" means any one of them. "Credit Party Obligations" means, without duplication, all of the obligations of the Credit Parties to the Lenders and the Administrative Agent, whenever arising, under this Credit Agreement, the Notes, or any of the other Credit Documents. "Debt Rating" means the long-term senior unsecured, non-credit enhanced debt rating of the Borrower from S&P and Moody's. "Default" means any event, act or condition which with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default. "Defaulting Lender" means, at any time, any Lender that, (a) has failed to make a Loan or purchase a Participation Interest required pursuant to the terms of this Credit Agreement (but only for so long as such Loan is not made or such Participation Interest is not purchased), (b) has failed to pay to the Administrative Agent or any Lender an amount owed by such Lender pursuant to the terms of this Credit Agreement (but only for so long as such amount has not been repaid) or (c) has been deemed insolvent or has become subject to a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding or to a receiver, trustee or similar official. "Dividends" means any payment of dividends or any other distribution upon any shares of any class of Capital Stock of the Borrower. "Dollars" and "$" means dollars in lawful currency of the United States of America. "Domestic Subsidiary" means each direct and indirect Subsidiary of the Borrower that is domiciled or organized under the laws of any State of the United States or the District of Columbia. "EBITDA" means, for any period, with respect to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, (a) Net Income for such period (excluding the effect of any extraordinary or other non-recurring gains and losses (including any gain or loss from the sale of Property)) plus (b) an amount which, in the determination of Net Income for such period, has been deducted for (i) Interest Expense for such period, (ii) total Federal, state, foreign or other income or franchise taxes for such period, (iii) all depreciation and amortization for such period, (iv) other items of expense during such period that do not involve a cash payment at any time (other than the provision for bad debt in connection with uncollectible accounts receivable), (v) cash charges during such period for which the Borrower and its Subsidiaries are reimbursed by a third party during such period and (vi) special or restructuring items during any such period included in Net Income that do not involve a cash payment during such period (collectively, "Non-Cash Items") minus (c) any actual cash payments during the applicable period related to Non-Cash Items -6- expensed or reserved under clause (vi) above during an applicable period beginning after March 31, 2001 plus (d) Tender Costs during such period. "Eligible Assets" means (a) MedPlus and its Subsidiaries and (b) any assets or any business (or any substantial part thereof) used or useful in the same or a similar line of business as the Borrower and its Subsidiaries are engaged on the Closing Date or other healthcare-related businesses. "Eligible Assignee" means (a) a Lender; (b) an Affiliate of a Lender; and (c) any other Person approved by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower (such approval not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed); provided that (i) the Borrower's consent is not required during the existence and continuation of a Default or an Event of Default, (ii) approval by the Borrower shall be deemed given if no objection is received by the assigning Lender and the Administrative Agent from the Borrower within five Business Days after notice of such proposed assignment has been delivered to the Borrower; (iii) neither the Borrower nor an Affiliate of the Borrower shall qualify as an Eligible Assignee; and (iv) no competitor of the Borrower shall qualify as an Eligible Assignee. "Environmental Laws" means any current or future legally enforceable requirement of any Governmental Authority pertaining to (a) the protection of the indoor or outdoor environment, (b) the conservation, management, or use of natural resources and wildlife, (c) the protection or use of surface water and groundwater or (d) the management, manufacture, possession, presence, use, generation, transportation, treatment, storage, disposal, release, threatened release, abatement, removal, remediation or handling of, or exposure to, any hazardous or toxic substance or material or (e) pollution (including any release to land surface water and groundwater) and includes, without limitation, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, 42 USC 9601 et seq., Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 and Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984, 42 USC 6901 et seq., Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended by the Clean Water Act of 1977, 33 USC 1251 et seq., Clean Air Act of 1966, as amended, 42 USC 7401 et seq., Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976, 15 USC 2601 et seq., Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, 49 USC App. 1801 et seq., Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, as amended, 29 USC 651 et seq., Oil Pollution Act of 1990, 33 USC 2701 et seq., Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, 42 USC 11001 et seq., National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 42 USC 4321 et seq., Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, as amended, 42 USC 300(f) et seq., any analogous implementing or successor law, and any amendment, rule, regulation, order, or directive issued thereunder. "ERISA" means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and any successor statute thereto, as interpreted by the rules and regulations thereunder, all as the same may be in effect from time to time. References to sections of ERISA shall be construed also to refer to any successor sections. -7- "ERISA Affiliate" means an entity, whether or not incorporated, which is treated as a single employer with the Borrower or any Subsidiary of the Borrower under Sections 414(b) or (c) of the Code and solely for purposes of Section 412 of the Code under Section 414(m) of the Code. "ERISA Event" means (a) with respect to any Single Employer or Multiple Employer Plan, the occurrence of a Reportable Event or the substantial cessation of operations (within the meaning of Section 4062(e) of ERISA); (b) the withdrawal of the Borrower, any Subsidiary of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate from a Multiple Employer Plan during a plan year in which it was a substantial employer (as such term is defined in Section 4001(a)(2) of ERISA), or the termination of a Multiple Employer Plan; (c) the distribution of a notice of intent to terminate or the actual termination of a Plan pursuant to Section 4041(a)(2) or 4041A of ERISA; (d) the institution of proceedings to terminate or the actual termination of any Plan by the PBGC under Section 4042 of ERISA; (e) any event or condition which might constitute grounds under Section 4042 of ERISA for the termination of, or the appointment of a trustee to administer, any Plan; (f) the complete or partial withdrawal of the Borrower, any Subsidiary of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate from a Multiemployer Plan or notification that a Multiemployer Plan is in reorganization; (g) the conditions for imposition of a lien under Section 302(f) of ERISA exist with respect to any Plan; or (h) the adoption of an amendment to any Plan requiring the provision of security to such Plan pursuant to Section 307 of ERISA. "Eurodollar Loan" means any Loan bearing interest based at a rate determined by reference to the Eurodollar Rate. "Eurodollar Rate" means, for the Interest Period for each Eurodollar Loan comprising part of the same borrowing (including conversions, extensions and renewals), a per annum interest rate equal to the London Interbank Offered Rate. "Eurodollar Reserve Percentage" means, with respect to each Lender, the percentage (expressed as a decimal) applicable to such Lender which is in effect from time to time under Regulation D as the reserve requirement (including, without limitation, any basic, supplemental, emergency, special, or marginal reserves) applicable with respect to its Eurocurrency liabilities, as that term is defined in Regulation D (or against any other category of liabilities that includes deposits by reference to which the interest rate of Eurodollar Loans is determined). Eurodollar Loans made by a Lender shall be deemed to constitute Eurocurrency liabilities and as such shall be deemed subject to reserve requirements, if applicable, without benefits of credits for proration, exceptions or offsets that may be available from time to time to such Lender. "Event of Default" means any of the events or circumstances specified in Section 9.1. "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, as amended, modified, succeeded or replaced from time to time. -8- "Extension of Credit" means, as to any Lender, the making of a Loan by such Lender (or a participation therein by a Lender). "Federal Funds Rate" means for any day the rate per annum equal to the weighted average of the rates on overnight Federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by Federal funds brokers on such day, as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on the Business Day next succeeding such day; provided that (a) if such day is not a Business Day, the Federal Funds Rate for such day shall be such rate on such transactions on the next preceding Business Day and (b) if no such rate is so published on such next preceding Business Day, the Federal Funds Rate for such day shall be the average rate quoted to the Administrative Agent on such day on such transactions from three Federal Funds brokers of recognized standing selected by it. "Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio" means, as of the end of each fiscal quarter of the Credit Parties for the twelve month period ending on such date, with respect to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, the ratio of (a) the sum of (i) EBITDA for such period minus (ii) Capital Expenditures for such period minus (iii) Cash Taxes for such period to (b) the sum of (i) Cash Interest Expense for such period plus (ii) Scheduled Funded Debt Payments, after giving effect to any reductions arising from voluntary prepayments previously made, for such period, plus (iii) cash Dividends for such period. "Foreign Subsidiary" means any Subsidiary of the Borrower that is not a Domestic Subsidiary. "Funded Debt" means, without duplication, the sum of (a) all Indebtedness of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for borrowed money, (b) all purchase money Indebtedness of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, (c) the principal portion of all obligations of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries under Capital Leases, (d) all drawn but unreimbursed amounts under all letters of credit (other than letters of credit supporting trade payables in the ordinary course of business) issued for the account of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, (e) all Funded Debt of another Person secured by a Lien on any Property of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries whether or not such Funded Debt has been assumed by a Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, (f) all Funded Debt of any partnership or unincorporated joint venture to the extent the Borrower or one of its Subsidiaries is legally obligated with respect thereto and (g) the amount of principal attributable under any outstanding Synthetic Lease. It is understood and agreed that Indebtedness incurred pursuant to Hedging Agreements is not Funded Debt. "Funding Date" means the date on which all of the conditions set forth in Section 5.2 have been fulfilled (or waived in the sole discretion of the Initial Lender) and on which the initial Loans are made. "GAAP" means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States applied on a consistent basis and subject to Section 1.3. -9- "Governmental Authority" means any Federal, state, local, provincial or foreign court or governmental agency, authority, instrumentality or regulatory body. "Guarantor" means each of the Material Domestic Subsidiaries of the Borrower, any other Subsidiary of the Borrower that guaranties the Senior Unsecured Notes or the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement and each Additional Credit Party, together with their successors and assigns. "Guaranty" means the guaranty of the Credit Party Obligations provided by the Guarantors pursuant to Section 4. "Guaranty Obligations" means, with respect to any Person, without duplication, any obligations (other than endorsements in the ordinary course of business of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection) guaranteeing any Indebtedness of any other Person in any manner, whether direct or indirect, and including without limitation any obligation, whether or not contingent, (a) to purchase any such Indebtedness or other obligation or any Property constituting security therefor, (b) to advance or provide funds or other support for the payment or purchase of such Indebtedness or obligation or to maintain working capital, solvency or other balance sheet condition of such other Person (including, without limitation, maintenance agreements, comfort letters, take or pay arrangements, put agreements or similar agreements or arrangements) for the benefit of the holder of Indebtedness of such other Person, (c) to lease or purchase Property, securities or services primarily for the purpose of assuring the owner of such Indebtedness or (d) to otherwise assure or hold harmless the owner of such Indebtedness or obligation against loss in respect thereof. The amount of any Guaranty Obligation hereunder shall (subject to any limitations set forth therein) be deemed to be an amount equal to the outstanding principal amount (or maximum principal amount, if larger) of the Indebtedness in respect of which such Guaranty Obligation is made. "Hazardous Materials" means any substance, material or waste defined in or regulated under any Environmental Laws. "HCFA" means the United States Health Care Financing Administration and any successor thereto. "Hedging Agreements" means, collectively, interest rate protection agreements, foreign currency exchange agreements, commodity purchase or option agreements or other interest or exchange rate or commodity price hedging agreements, in each case, entered into or purchased by a Credit Party. "Indebtedness" of any Person means, without duplication, (a) all obligations of such Person for borrowed money, (b) all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes or similar instruments, or upon which interest payments are customarily made, (c) all obligations of such Person under conditional sale or other title retention agreements relating to Property purchased by such Person to the extent of the value of such Property (other than customary reservations or retentions of title under agreements with -10- suppliers entered into in the ordinary course of business), (d) all obligations, other than intercompany items, of such Person issued or assumed as the deferred purchase price of property or services purchased by such Person which would appear as liabilities on a balance sheet of such Person, (e) all Indebtedness of others secured by (or for which the holder of such Indebtedness has an existing right, contingent or otherwise, to be secured by) any Lien on, or payable out of the proceeds of production from, property owned or acquired by such Person, whether or not the obligations secured thereby have been assumed, (f) all Guaranty Obligations of such Person, (g) the principal portion of all obligations of such Person under (i) Capital Leases and (ii) any synthetic lease, tax retention operating lease, off-balance sheet loan or similar off-balance sheet financing product of such Person where such transaction is considered borrowed money indebtedness for tax purposes but is classified as an operating lease in accordance with GAAP, (h) all obligations of such Person to repurchase any securities which repurchase obligation is related to the issuance thereof, including, without limitation, obligations commonly known as residual equity appreciation potential shares, (i) all net obligations of such Person in respect of Hedging Agreements, (j) the maximum amount of all performance and standby letters of credit issued or bankers' acceptances facilities created for the account of such Person and, without duplication, all drafts drawn thereunder (to the extent unreimbursed), and (k) the aggregate amount of uncollected accounts receivable of such Person subject at such time to a sale of receivables (or similar transaction) regardless of whether such transaction is effected without recourse to such Person or in a manner that would not be reflected on the balance sheet of such Person in accordance with GAAP. The Indebtedness of any Person shall include the Indebtedness of any partnership or unincorporated joint venture in which such Person is legally obligated. "Indemnified Liabilities" has the meaning set forth in Section 11.5. "Initial Lender" means Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation. "Intellectual Property" has the meaning set forth in Section 6.20. "Interest Expense" means, for any period, with respect to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, all interest expense, including, without duplication, the interest component under Capital Leases, as determined in accordance with GAAP. "Interest Payment Date" means (a) as to Base Rate Loans, the last day of each calendar quarter and the Maturity Date and (b) as to Eurodollar Loans, the last day of each applicable Interest Period and the Maturity Date and in addition, where the applicable Interest Period for a Eurodollar Loan is greater than three months, then also the date three months from the beginning of the Interest Period and each three months thereafter. If an Interest Payment Date falls on a date which is not a Business Day, such Interest Payment Date shall be deemed to be the next succeeding Business Day, except that in the case of Eurodollar Loans where the next succeeding Business Day falls in the next succeeding calendar month, then on the next preceding Business Day. "Interest Period" means, as to Eurodollar Loans, a period of two weeks' or one, two, three or six months' duration, as the Borrower may elect, commencing, in each case, on the -11- date of the borrowing (including continuations and conversions thereof); provided, however, (i) if any Interest Period would end on a day which is not a Business Day, such Interest Period shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day (except that where the next succeeding Business Day falls in the next succeeding calendar month, then on the next preceding Business Day), (ii) no Interest Period shall extend beyond the Maturity Date and (iii) where an Interest Period begins on a day for which there is no numerically corresponding day in the calendar month in which the Interest Period is to end, such Interest Period shall end on the last Business Day of such calendar month. "Investment" in any Person means (a) the acquisition (whether for cash, property, services, assumption of Indebtedness, securities or otherwise) of assets, shares of Capital Stock, bonds, notes, debentures, partnership, joint ventures or other ownership interests or other securities of such other Person or (b) any deposit with, or advance, loan or other extension of credit to, such Person (other than deposits or advances made in connection with the purchase of equipment or other assets or services in the ordinary course of business) or (c) any other capital contribution to or investment in such Person, including, without limitation, any Guaranty Obligation (including any support for a letter of credit issued on behalf of such Person) incurred for the benefit of such Person. "Joinder Agreement" means a Joinder Agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit 7.12. "Lender" means the Initial Lender and any Eligible Assignee which may become a Lender by way of assignment in accordance with the terms hereof, together with their successors and permitted assigns. "Lending Office" means, as to any Lender, the office or offices of such Lender described as such on Schedule 1.1(a), or such other office or offices as a Lender may from time notify to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent. "Leverage Ratio" means, as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, the ratio of (a)(i) Funded Debt on such date less (ii) if no Competitive Bid Loans, Revolving Loans or Swing Line Loans (as all such terms are defined in the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement) are outstanding on such date, the amount of Available Cash (as defined below) on such date to (b) EBITDA for the twelve month period ending on such date. For the purposes hereof, "Available Cash" means all cash and Cash Equivalents of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries located in the United States and reflected in its consolidated balance sheet in excess of $40,000,000. "Lien" means any mortgage, pledge, hypothecation, assignment, deposit arrangement, security interest, encumbrance, lien (statutory or otherwise), preference, priority or charge of any kind, including, without limitation, any agreement to give any of the foregoing, any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, and any lease in the nature thereof (other than operating leases). -12- "Loan" or "Loans" means the Term Loans (or any portion thereof), individually or collectively, as appropriate, subject to Section 2.3. "London Interbank Offered Rate" means, with respect to any Eurodollar Loan for the Interest Period applicable thereto, the rate of interest per annum appearing on Telerate Page 3750 (or any successor page) as the London interbank offered rate for deposits in Dollars at approximately 11:00 A.M. (London time) two Business Days prior to the first day of such Interest Period for a term comparable to such Interest Period; provided, however, if more than one rate is specified on Telerate Page 3750, the applicable rate shall be the arithmetic mean of all such rates. If, for any reason, such rate is not available, the term "London Interbank Offered Rate" shall mean, with respect to any Eurodollar Loan for the Interest Period applicable thereto, the rate of interest per annum appearing on Reuters Screen LIBO Page as the London interbank offered rate for deposits in Dollars at approximately 11:00 A.M. (London time) two Business Days prior to the first day of such Interest Period for a term comparable to such Interest Period; provided, however, if more than one rate is specified on Reuters Screen LIBO Page, the applicable rate shall be the arithmetic mean of all such rates. "Material Adverse Effect" means a material adverse effect on (a) the business, operations or financial condition of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, (b) the ability of a Credit Party to perform its obligations under this Credit Agreement or any of the other Credit Documents, or (c) the validity or enforceability of this Credit Agreement, any of the other Credit Documents, or the rights and remedies of the Lenders hereunder or thereunder taken as a whole. "Material Domestic Subsidiary" means any wholly-owned Domestic Subsidiary of the Borrower that, directly or indirectly, (a) owns assets in excess of $20,000,000 or (b) has annual revenues, as of the most recently ended fiscal year of the Borrower, in excess of two percent (2%) of the total revenues of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis; provided that Quest Receivables shall not be deemed to be a Material Domestic Subsidiary. "Maturity Date" means December 31, 2008. "Medicaid" shall mean that entitlement program under Title XIX of the Social Security Act that provides federal grants to states for medical assistance based on specific eligibility criteria. "Medicaid Provider Agreement" means an agreement entered into between a state agency or other such entity administering the Medicaid program and a health care provider or supplier under which the health care provider or supplier agrees to provide services for Medicaid patients in accordance with the terms of the agreement and Medicaid Regulations. "Medicaid Regulations" means, collectively, (a) all federal statutes (whether set forth in Title XIX of the Social Security Act or elsewhere) affecting the medical -13- assistance program established by Title XIX of the Social Security Act and any statutes succeeding thereto; (b) all applicable provisions of all federal rules, regulations, manuals and orders of all Governmental Authorities promulgated pursuant to or in connection with the statutes described in clause (a) above and all federal administrative, reimbursement and other guidelines of all Governmental Authorities having the force of law promulgated pursuant to or in connection with the statutes described in clause (a) above; (c) all state statutes and plans for medical assistance enacted in connection with the statutes and provisions described in clauses (a) and (b) above; and (d) all applicable provisions of all rules, regulations, manuals and orders of all Governmental Authorities promulgated pursuant to or in connection with the statutes described in clause (c) above and all state administrative, reimbursement and other guidelines of all Governmental Authorities having the force of law promulgated pursuant to or in connection with the statutes described in clause (b) above, in each case as may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. "Medical Reimbursement Programs" shall mean Medicare, Medicaid, CHAMPUS and TRICARE programs and any other healthcare program operated by or financed in whole or in part by any foreign, domestic, federal, state or local government and any other non-government funded third party payor programs. "Medicare Provider Agreement" means an agreement entered into between HCFA or other such entity administering the Medicare program on behalf of the HCFA, and a health care provider or supplier under which the health care provider or supplier agrees to provide services for Medicare patients in accordance with the terms of the agreement and Medicare Regulations. "Medicare" shall mean that government-sponsored entitlement program under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act that provides for a health insurance system for eligible elderly and disabled individuals. "Medicare Regulations" shall mean, collectively, all Federal statutes (whether set forth in Title XVIII of the Social Security Act or elsewhere) affecting the health insurance program for the aged and disabled established by Title XVIII of the Social Security Act and any statutes succeeding thereto; together with all applicable provisions of all rules, regulations, manuals and orders and administrative, reimbursement and other guidelines having the force of law of all Governmental Authorities (including, without limitation, the United States Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS"), HCFA, the OIG, or any person succeeding to the functions of any of the foregoing) promulgated pursuant to or in connection with any of the foregoing having the force of law, as each may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. "MedPlus" means MedPlus, Inc., an Ohio corporation. "Moody's" means Moody's Investors Service, Inc., or any successor or assignee of the business of such company in the business of rating securities. -14- "Multiemployer Plan" means a Plan which is a multiemployer plan as defined in Sections 3(37) or 4001(a)(3) of ERISA. "Multiple Employer Plan" means a Plan covered by Title IV of ERISA (other than a Multiemployer Plan) in which the Borrower, any Subsidiary of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate and at least one employer other than the Borrower, any Subsidiary of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate are contributing sponsors. "Net Income" means, for any period, the net income after taxes for such period of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, as determined in accordance with GAAP. "Non-Cash Items" has the meaning set forth in the definition of EBITDA in Section 1.1. "Non-Material Domestic Subsidiary" means any wholly-owned Domestic Subsidiary that is not a Guarantor other than Quest Receivables. "Note" or "Notes" means the Term Notes, individually or collectively, as appropriate. "Notice of Borrowing" means the request by the Borrower for the initial Loans in the form of Exhibit 2.1(b). "Notice of Continuation/Conversion" means a request by the Borrower to continue an existing Eurodollar Loan to a new Interest Period or Interest Periods or to convert a Eurodollar Loan to a Base Rate Loan or a Base Rate Loan to a Eurodollar Loan, in the form of Exhibit 2.2. "OIG" means the Office of Inspector General of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. "Participation Interest" means the Extension of Credit by a Lender by way of a purchase of a participation in any Loans as provided in Section 3.8. "PBGC" means the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation established pursuant to Subtitle A of Title IV of ERISA and any successor thereto. "Permitted Acquisition" means any Acquisition by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries; provided that (i) substantially all of the Property acquired (or the Property of the Person acquired) in such Acquisition constitutes Eligible Assets (or goodwill associated therewith), (ii) in the case of an Acquisition of the Capital Stock of another Person, the board of directors (or other comparable governing body) of such other Person or its parent shall have duly approved such Acquisition, (iii) the Leverage Ratio (A) as of the most recently ended fiscal quarter for which an officer's certificate has been delivered pursuant to Section 7.1(c) is less than 2.75 to 1.0 and (B) on a Pro Forma Basis giving -15- effect to such Acquisition is less than 2.75 to 1.0, (iv) if such Acquisition involves total consideration (cash and non-cash) in excess of $100,000,000, the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent, prior to the closing of such Acquisition, a certificate of an Authorized Officer of the Borrower providing calculations showing that the requirement in clause (b)(iii)(B) above is accurate, (v) on the date of such Acquisition no Event of Default exists, (vi) after giving effect to such Acquisition, no Default or Event of Default shall exist, (vii) if such Acquisition involves the formation of a new Subsidiary of the Borrower, such Subsidiary complies with Section 7.12 and (viii) such Acquisition is undertaken in accordance with all laws, rules, regulations, orders, writs, judgments, injunctions, decrees and awards to which any party to such Acquisition may be subject. "Permitted Investments" means Investments which constitute the following: (a) cash or Cash Equivalents, (b) trade accounts receivable created, acquired or made in the ordinary course of business, (c) inventory, raw materials, general intangibles and other current assets acquired in the ordinary course of business, (d) Investments by the Borrower or one of its Subsidiaries in each other, (e) Permitted Acquisitions, (f) advances to management personnel and employees in the ordinary course of business, (g) Investments existing as of the Closing Date; provided that any such Investment in excess of $2,000,000 is set forth on Schedule 8.6, (h) Investments consisting of non-cash consideration received in the form of securities, notes or similar obligations in connection with any conveyance, sale, lease, assignment, transfer or other disposition of any Property by the Borrower or one of its Subsidiaries to any Person, and which are permitted hereunder, (i) increases in the value of Persons in the Strategic Investment Portfolio that did not result from any incremental investment by the Borrower or one of its Subsidiaries, (j) other Investments (in addition to those set forth above) not to exceed, in the aggregate, during any consecutive period during the term of this Credit Agreement that the Leverage Ratio is greater than or equal to 2.75 to 1.0, the sum of (i) $50,000,000 plus (ii) the amount of cash proceeds from sales of assets in the Strategic Investment Portfolio and (k) any other Investment as long as (i) the Leverage Ratio (A) as of the end of the most recent fiscal quarter for which an officer's certificate has been delivered pursuant to Section 7.1(c) is less than 2.75 to 1.0 and (B) on a Pro Forma Basis giving effect to such Investment is less than 2.75 to 1.0, (ii) if such Investment involves total consideration (cash and non-cash) in excess of $100,000,000, the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent, prior to the closing of such Investment, a certificate of an Authorized Officer of the Borrower providing calculations showing that the requirement in clause (k)(i)(B) above is accurate, (iii) on the date of such Investment, no Event of Default exists and (iv) after giving effect to such Investment no Default or Event of Default shall exist. "Permitted Liens" means (a) Liens securing Credit Party Obligations, if any, (b) Liens for taxes not yet due or Liens for taxes being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings for which adequate reserves determined in accordance with GAAP have been established (and as to which the Property subject to any such Lien is not yet subject to foreclosure, sale, collection, levy or loss on account thereof), (c) Liens in respect of Property imposed by law arising in the ordinary course of business such as materialmen's, mechanics', warehousemen's, carrier's, landlords' and other nonconsensual statutory Liens which are not yet due and payable or which are being contested in good faith by appropriate -16- proceedings for which adequate reserves determined in accordance with GAAP have been established (and as to which the Property subject to any such Lien is not yet subject to foreclosure, sale or loss on account thereof), (d) Liens (other than Liens imposed under ERISA) consisting of pledges or deposits made in the ordinary course of business to secure payment of worker's compensation insurance, unemployment insurance, pensions or social security programs, (e) Liens arising from good faith deposits in connection with or to secure performance of tenders, bids, leases, government contracts, performance and return-of-money bonds and other similar obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business (other than obligations in respect of the payment of borrowed money), (f) Liens arising from good faith deposits in connection with or to secure performance of statutory obligations and surety and appeal bonds, (g) easements, rights-of-way, restrictions (including zoning restrictions), matters of plat, minor defects or irregularities in title and other similar charges or encumbrances not, in any material respect, impairing the use of the encumbered Property for its intended purposes, (h) judgment Liens that would not constitute an Event of Default, (i) Liens in connection with Indebtedness permitted by Sections 8.1(d), (j) Liens arising by virtue of any statutory or common law provision relating to banker's liens, rights of setoff or similar rights as to deposit accounts or other funds maintained with a creditor depository institution, (k) Liens existing on the Closing Date and identified on Schedule 8.2, (l) Liens upon Property acquired (or the Property of a Subsidiary that is acquired) after the Closing Date by the Borrower or its Subsidiaries, which Liens either (i) existed on such Property before the time of such acquisition and was not created in anticipation thereof or (ii) were created solely for the purpose of securing Indebtedness representing, or incurred to finance or refinance, the cost of such Property or improvements thereon; provided, however; that (A) no such Lien shall extend to or cover any Property of any Credit Party other than the Property so acquired and improvements thereon and proceeds thereof, (B) the principal amount of Indebtedness secured by any such Lien shall at no time exceed 100% of the fair market value of such Property at the time it was acquired or constructed and (C) the Indebtedness secured by any such Lien is permitted hereunder; provided that (x) no such Lien shall extend to any Property other than the Property subject thereto on the closing date of such acquisition and (y) the principal amount of the Indebtedness secured by such Liens shall not be increased, (m) Liens in connection with Permitted Receivables Financing, (n) Liens with respect to lease filings for notice purposes only, (o) Liens on purchase money Indebtedness incurred by the Borrower in an amount not to exceed, in the aggregate, $50,000,000 less Indebtedness incurred by Subsidiaries of the Borrower pursuant to Section 8.1(d), (p) Liens on Property of non-wholly owned Subsidiaries of the Borrowers incurred to finance working capital and (q) renewals and extensions of the foregoing so long as such Lien (i) does not cover any additional Property, (ii) does not secure additional Indebtedness and (iii) is not otherwise prohibited by this Credit Agreement. "Permitted Receivables Financing" means any transaction entered into pursuant to documentation reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent in which (a) one or more Credit Parties sells, conveys or otherwise transfers to Quest Receivables and (b) Quest Receivables sells, conveys or otherwise transfers to any other Person or grants a security interest to any Person in, any Receivables (whether now existing or hereafter acquired) of a Credit Party, and any assets related thereto including all collateral securing such Receivables, all contracts and all Guaranty Obligations or other obligations in respect of -17- such Receivables, all proceeds of such Receivables and all other assets that are customarily transferred or in respect of which security interests are customarily granted in connection with asset securitization transactions involving Receivables. "Person" means any individual, partnership, joint venture, firm, corporation, limited liability company, association, trust or other enterprise (whether or not incorporated), or any Governmental Authority. "Plan" means any employee benefit plan (as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA) which is covered by ERISA and with respect to which the Borrower, any Subsidiary of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate is (or, if such plan were terminated at such time, would under Section 4069 of ERISA be deemed to be) an "employer" within the meaning of Section 3(5) of ERISA. "Prime Rate" means the per annum rate of interest established from time to time by the Administrative Agent at the office of its New York Branch in New York, New York (or such other principal office of the Administrative Agent as communicated in writing to the Borrower and the Lenders) as its Prime Rate. Any change in the interest rate resulting from a change in the Prime Rate shall become effective as of 12:01 a.m. of the Business Day on which each change in the Prime Rate is announced by the Administrative Agent. The Prime Rate is a reference rate used by the Administrative Agent in determining interest rates on certain loans and is not intended to be the lowest rate of interest charged on any extension of credit to any debtor. "Principal Property" means any real property and any related buildings, fixtures or other improvements located in the United States owned by the Borrower or its Subsidiaries (a) on or in which one of its 30 largest domestic clinical laboratories conducts operations, as determined by net revenues for the four most recent fiscal quarters for which financial statements have been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or (b) the net book value of which at the time of the determination exceeds 1% of Total Assets. "Prior Senior Subordinated Notes" means those certain 10 3/4% senior subordinated notes due 2006 that were issued by the Borrower and were tendered for in connection with the closing of the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement. "Pro Forma Basis" means, in connection with any Permitted Acquisition, Permitted Investment or Stock Repurchase, that such Acquisition, Investment, or Stock Repurchase occurred as of the end of the last fiscal quarter for which the Borrower has delivered an officer's certificate pursuant to Section 7.1(c). "Property" means any right, title or interest in or to any property or asset of any kind whatsoever, whether real, personal or mixed and whether tangible or intangible. "Quest Receivables" means Quest Diagnostics Receivables Incorporated, a Delaware corporation, a wholly-owned, bankruptcy-remote, special purpose Subsidiary of the Borrower. -18- "Real Properties" has the meaning given thereto in Section 6.19. "Receivable" means the indebtedness and payment obligations of any Person to any Credit Party or acquired by any Credit Party (including obligations constituting an account or general intangible or evidenced by a note, instrument, contract, security agreement, chattel paper or other evidence of indebtedness or security) arising from a sale of merchandise or the provision of services in the ordinary course of business by such Credit Party or the Person from which such indebtedness and payment obligation were acquired by any Credit Party, including (a) any right to payment for goods sold or for services rendered and (b) the right to payment of any interest, sales taxes, finance charges, returned check or late charges and other obligations of such Person with respect thereto. "Regulation A, D, T, U or X" means Regulation A, D, T, U or X, respectively, of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as from time to time in effect and any successor to all or a portion thereof. "Required Lenders" means Lenders whose aggregate Credit Exposure (as hereinafter defined) constitutes more than 50% of the Credit Exposure of all Lenders at such time; provided, however, that if any Lender shall be a Defaulting Lender at such time then the aggregate principal amount of Credit Exposure of such Lender at such time shall be excluded from the determination of Required Lenders. For purposes hereof, the term "Credit Exposure" as applied to each Lender shall mean (a) at any time prior to the termination of the Commitments, the Term Loan Percentage of such Lender multiplied by the Commitment and (b) at any time after the termination of the Commitments, the principal balance of the outstanding Loans of such Lender. "Requirement of Law" means, as to any Person, the articles or certificate of incorporation and by-laws or other organizational or governing documents of such Person, and any law, treaty, rule or regulation or final, non-appealable determination of an arbitrator or a court or other Governmental Authority, in each case applicable to or binding upon such Person or to which any of its material Property is subject. "Reportable Event" means any of the events set forth in Section 4043(c) of ERISA, other than those events as to which the notice requirement has been waived by regulation or by the PBGC. "Sale and Leaseback Transaction" means any arrangement with any Person providing for the leasing by the Borrower or one of its Subsidiaries of any Principal Property that has been or is to be sold or transferred by the Borrower or any Guarantor to such Person, as the case may be. "S&P" means Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. or any successor or assignee of the business of such division in the business of rating securities. -19- "SBCL Acquisition Agreement" means the Stock and Asset Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 9, 1999, among the Borrower, SmithKline Beecham plc and SmithKline Beecham Corporation, as amended. "Scheduled Funded Debt Payments" means, for any period, with respect to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, the sum of all scheduled payments of principal on Funded Debt (including the implied principal component of payments due on Capital Leases and Synthetic Leases). It is understood and agreed that any amortization payments made in connection with a Permitted Receivables Financing are not Scheduled Funded Debt Payments; provided, however, should such Indebtedness pursuant to a Permitted Receivables Financing be required to be repaid due to the termination (whether at its stated maturity or otherwise) of such Permitted Receivables Financing and should no replacement facility be in effect on such termination date, the repayment of such Indebtedness shall constitute a Scheduled Funded Debt Payment. "Securities Act" means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, as amended, modified, succeeded or replaced from time to time. "Senior Unsecured Notes" means those certain senior unsecured notes issued by the Borrower on June 27, 2001. "Single Employer Plan" means any Plan which is covered by Title IV of ERISA, but which is not a Multiemployer Plan or a Multiple Employer Plan. "Social Security Act" means the Social Security Act as set forth in Title 42 of the United States Code, as amended, and any successor statute thereto, as interpreted by the rules and regulations issued thereunder, in each case as in effect from time to time. References to sections of the Social Security Act shall be construed also to refer to any successor sections. "Solvent" means, with respect to any Person as of a particular date, that on such date (a) such Person is able to pay its debts and other liabilities, contingent obligations and other commitments as they mature in the normal course of business, (b) such Person does not intend to, and does not believe that it will, incur debts or liabilities beyond such Person's ability to pay as such debts and liabilities mature in their ordinary course, (c) such Person is not engaged in a business or a transaction, and is not about to engage in a business or a transaction, for which such Person's assets would constitute unreasonably small capital after giving due consideration to the prevailing practice in the industry in which such Person is engaged or is to engage, (d) the fair value of the assets of such Person is greater than the total amount of liabilities, including, without limitation, contingent liabilities, of such Person and (e) the present fair saleable value of the assets of such Person is not less than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liability of such Person on its debts as they become absolute and matured. In computing the amount of contingent liabilities at any time, it is intended that such liabilities will be computed at the amount which, in light of all the facts and circumstances existing at such time, represents the amount that can reasonably be -20- expected to become an actual or matured liability reduced by the amount of any contribution or indemnity that can reasonably be expected to be received. "Stock Repurchase" has the meaning set forth in Section 8.9. "Strategic Investment Portfolio" means all Investments in Persons in which the Borrower and its Subsidiaries own less than 50% of the Voting Stock of such Person. "Subsidiary" means, as to any Person, (a) any corporation more than 50% of whose stock of any class or classes having by the terms thereof ordinary voting power to elect a majority of the directors of such corporation (irrespective of whether or not at the time, any class or classes of such corporation shall have or might have voting power by reason of the happening of any contingency) is at the time owned by such Person directly or indirectly through Subsidiaries, and (b) any partnership, association, joint venture or other entity in which such person directly or indirectly through Subsidiaries has more than a 50% equity interest at any time. "Synthetic Lease" means any synthetic lease, tax retention operating lease, off-balance sheet loan or similar off-balance sheet financing product where such transaction is considered borrowed money indebtedness for tax purposes but is classified as an operating lease in accordance with GAAP. "Tender Costs" means the costs incurred by the Borrower in connection with the tender for the Prior Senior Subordinated Notes and the termination of the interest rate swap contracts existing prior to June 27, 2001 in an aggregate amount not to exceed $20,000,000. "Term Loans" means the Term Loans made to the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.1. "Term Loan Percentage" means, for each Lender, the percentage identified as its Term Loan Percentage on Schedule 1.1(a), as such percentage may be modified in connection with any assignment made in accordance with the provisions of Section 11.3. "Term Notes" means the promissory notes of the Borrower in favor of each of the Lenders evidencing the Term Loans provided pursuant to Section 2.1, individually or collectively, as appropriate, as such promissory notes may be amended, modified, supplemented, extended, renewed or replaced from time to time and as evidenced in the form of Exhibit 2.1(f). "Total Assets" means all items that in accordance with GAAP would be classified as assets of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. "TRICARE" means the United States Department of Defense health care program for service families including, but not limited to, TRICARE Prime, TRICARE Extra and TRICARE Standard, and any successor to or predecessor thereof (including, without limitation, CHAMPUS). -21- "2001 Senior Credit Agreement" means that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of June 27, 2001, among the Borrower, as borrower, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders signatories thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, as amended or modified from time to time. "2002 Term Loan Agreement" means that certain Term Loan Credit Agreement, dated as of June 21, 2002, among the Borrower, as borrower, the guarantors party thereto, the lenders signatories thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, as amended or modified from time to time. "Voting Stock" means all classes of the Capital Stock of such Person then outstanding and normally entitled to vote in the election of directors (or similar governing authority). 1.2 Computation of Time Periods and Other Definitional Provisions. For purposes of computation of periods of time hereunder, the word "from" means "from and including" and the words "to" and "until" each mean "to but excluding." References in this Credit Agreement to "Articles", "Sections", "Schedules" or "Exhibits" shall be to Articles, Sections, Schedules or Exhibits of or to this Credit Agreement unless otherwise specifically provided. 1.3 Accounting Terms/Calculation of Financial Covenants. (a) Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all accounting terms used herein shall be interpreted, and all financial statements and certificates and reports as to financial matters required to be delivered to the Lenders hereunder shall be prepared, in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis. All calculations made for the purposes of determining compliance with this Credit Agreement shall (except as otherwise expressly provided herein) be made by application of GAAP applied on a basis consistent with the most recent annual or quarterly financial statements delivered pursuant to Section 7.1 (or, prior to the delivery of the first financial statements pursuant to Section 7.1, consistent with the financial statements delivered to the Lenders prior to the Funding Date); provided, however, if (a) the Borrower shall object to determining such compliance on such basis at the time of delivery of such financial statements due to any change in GAAP or the rules promulgated with respect thereto or (b) the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders shall so object in writing within 30 days after delivery of such financial statements, then such calculations shall be made on a basis consistent with GAAP as in effect as of the date of the most recent financial statements delivered by the Borrower to the Lenders to which no such objection shall have been made. (b) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, for the purposes of calculating the financial covenants set forth in Section 7.2, (i) income statement items (positive or negative) attributable to any Person or Property acquired in a Permitted Acquisition and Indebtedness incurred in connection with such Permitted Acquisition -22- shall, without duplication, be treated as if such Person or Property was acquired or such Indebtedness incurred as of the first day of the twelve month period ending as of the most recently completely fiscal quarter of the Borrower and (ii) income statement items (positive or negative) attributable to Property disposed of in any asset sale permitted by Section 8.5(g) and Indebtedness retired in connection with such sale shall, without duplication, be treated as if such sale occurred as of the first day of the twelve month period ending as of the most recently completed fiscal quarter of the Borrower. 1.4 Time. All references to time herein shall be references to Eastern Standard Time or Eastern Daylight time, as the case may be, unless specified otherwise. SECTION 2 CREDIT FACILITY 2.1 Term Loans. (a) Term Loans. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Initial Lender agrees to make a term loan or loans (the "Term Loans" or "Loans") to the Borrower, in Dollars, in an amount equal to the Commitment. Once repaid or prepaid, the Term Loans cannot be reborrowed. (b) Method of Borrowing Term Loans. By no later than 11:00 a.m. (i) on the date of the requested borrowing if the Term Loan requested will be a Base Rate Loan or (ii) three Business Days prior to the date of the requested borrowing if the Term Loan requested will be a Eurodollar Loan or Loans, the Borrower shall provide telephonic notice to the Initial Lender followed promptly by a written Notice of Borrowing in the form of Exhibit 2.1(b) (which may be submitted by telecopy), setting forth (A) the amount requested, (B) whether such Term Loan shall be a Base Rate Loan or Eurodollar Loans, (C) if the Term Loan is to be a Eurodollar Loan, the Interest Period or Interest Periods applicable thereto and (D) certification that the Borrower has complied in all respects with Section 5.3. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, (x) the Borrower may not request more than one (1) borrowing under this Section 2.1 and (y) the Borrower may not request any borrowing subsequent to January 31, 2004. (c) Funding of Loans. Upon receipt of the Notice of Borrowing, the Initial Lender shall make the Term Loans available to the Borrower in the amount of its Commitment on the Funding Date as directed by the Borrower. -23- (d) Amortization. The principal amount of the Term Loans shall be repaid on the dates set forth below:
---------------------------------------------------------- Principal Amortization Term Loan Principal Payment Dates Amortization Payments ---------------------------------------------------------- Third Anniversary of Funding Date 20% of Initial Loans ---------------------------------------------------------- Fourth Anniversary of Funding Date 20% of Initial Loans ---------------------------------------------------------- Maturity Date outstanding balance ----------------------------------------------------------
(e) Term Notes. The Term Loans shall initially be evidenced by a duly executed promissory note of the Borrower to the Initial Lender in substantially the form of Exhibit 2.1(e) and upon any assignment pursuant to Section 11.3(b), the Loans shall be evidenced by promissory notes in substantially such form payable to each Lender requesting issuance of a Note. 2.2 Continuations and Conversions. Subject to the terms below, the Borrower shall have the option, on any Business Day, to continue existing Eurodollar Loans for a subsequent Interest Period, to convert Base Rate Loans into Eurodollar Loans or to convert Eurodollar Loans into Base Rate Loans. Subject to the limitations of Section 2.3 and this Section, the initial borrowing may bear more than one Interest Period, and the continuation or conversion of any Loan may be to more than one Interest Period. By no later than 11:00 a.m. (a) on the date of the requested conversion of a Eurodollar Loan to a Base Rate Loan or (b) three Business Days prior to the date of the requested continuation of a Eurodollar Loan or conversion of a Base Rate Loan to a Eurodollar Loan, the Borrower shall provide telephonic notice to the Initial Lender if such Lender is the sole lender at such time, or to the Administrative Agent, followed promptly by a written Notice of Continuation/Conversion, in the form of Exhibit 2.2 setting forth (i) whether the Borrower wishes to continue or convert such Loans and (ii) if the request is to continue a Eurodollar Loan or convert a Base Rate Loan to a Eurodollar Loan, the Interest Period(s) applicable thereto. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, (A) except as provided in Section 3.11, Eurodollar Loans may only be continued or converted into Base Rate Loans on the last day of the Interest Period applicable thereto, (B) Eurodollar Loans may not be continued nor may Base Rate Loans be converted into Eurodollar Loans during the existence and continuation of a Default or an Event of Default, (C) any request to continue a Eurodollar Loan that fails to comply with the terms hereof or any failure to request a continuation of a Eurodollar Loan at the end of an Interest Period shall constitute a conversion to a Base Rate Loan on the last day of the applicable Interest Period and (D) any failure to state the Interest Period with respect to the continuation of a Eurodollar Loan or the conversion of a Base Rate Loan to a Eurodollar Loan shall constitute a request for a one month Interest Period. 2.3 Minimum Amounts. Each request for a conversion or continuation shall be subject to the requirements that (a) each Eurodollar Loan shall be in a minimum amount of $10,000,000 and in integral multiples of $1,000,000 in excess thereof, (b) each Base Rate Loan shall be in a minimum amount of the lesser of $5,000,000 (and in integral multiples of $1,000,000 in excess thereof) and (c) no more than four -24- Eurodollar Loans shall be outstanding hereunder at any one time. For the purposes of this Section 2.3, all Eurodollar Loans with the same Interest Periods that begin and end on the same date shall be considered as one Eurodollar Loan, but Eurodollar Loans with different Interest Periods, even if they begin on the same date, shall be considered as separate Eurodollar Loans. SECTION 3 GENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO LOANS 3.1 Interest. (a) Interest Rate. Subject to Section 3.1(b), (i) all Base Rate Loans shall accrue interest at the Base Rate and (ii) all Eurodollar Loans shall accrue interest at the Adjusted Eurodollar Rate. (b) Default Rate of Interest. Upon the occurrence, and during the continuation of an Event of Default pursuant to Section 9.1(a), the principal of and, to the extent permitted by law, interest on the Loans and any other amounts owing hereunder or under the other Credit Documents (including without limitation fees and expenses) shall bear interest, payable on demand, at a per annum rate equal to 2% plus the rate which would otherwise be applicable (or if no rate is applicable, then the Base Rate plus two percent (2%) per annum). (c) Interest Payments. Interest on Loans shall be due and payable in arrears on each Interest Payment Date. 3.2 Place and Manner of Payments. All payments of principal, interest, fees, expenses and other amounts to be made by a Credit Party under this Credit Agreement shall be made unconditionally and without any setoff, deduction, counterclaim, defense, recoupment or withholding of any kind and received not later than 2:00 p.m. on the date when due, in Dollars and in immediately available funds, by the Administrative Agent. Payments received after such time shall be deemed to have been received on the next Business Day. The Borrower shall, at the time it makes any payment under this Credit Agreement, specify to the Administrative Agent the Loans, fees or other amounts payable by the Borrower hereunder to which such payment is to be applied (and in the event that it fails to specify, or if such application would be inconsistent with the terms hereof, the Administrative Agent shall, subject to Section 3.7, distribute such payment to the Lenders in such manner as the Administrative Agent may reasonably deem appropriate). The Administrative Agent will distribute such payments to the Lenders on the same Business Day if any such payment is received at or before 2:00 p.m.; otherwise the Administrative Agent will distribute such payment to the Lenders on the next succeeding Business Day. Whenever any payment hereunder shall be stated to be due on a day which is not a Business Day, the due date thereof shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day (subject to accrual of interest and fees for the period of such extension), except that, in the case of Eurodollar Loans (or interest payable with respect thereto), if the extension would cause the payment to be made in the -25- next following calendar month, then such payment shall instead be made on the next preceding Business Day. 3.3 Prepayments. (a) Voluntary Prepayments. The Borrower shall have the right to prepay Loans in whole or in part from time to time without premium or penalty; provided, however, that (i) Eurodollar Loans may only be prepaid on three Business Days' prior written notice to the Administrative Agent and (ii) each such partial prepayment of Eurodollar Loans or Base Rate Loans shall be in the minimum principal amount of $5,000,000 and integral multiples of $1,000,000. Amounts prepaid pursuant to this Section 3.3(a) shall be applied (A) first to the next scheduled amortization payment set forth in Section 2.1(d) and (B) second to the remaining scheduled amortization payments set forth in Section 2.1(d) on a pro rata basis. Within the foregoing parameters, amounts prepaid pursuant to this Section 3.3(a) shall be applied first to Base Rate Loans and then to Eurodollar Loans in direct order of Interest Period maturities. All prepayments under this Section 3.3(a) shall be subject to Section 3.14. (b) Revision of Amortization Schedule. If the Borrower makes a prepayment in accordance with this Section 3.3, and the Initial Lender is not the sole Lender at the time, the Administrative Agent shall recalculate the outstanding principal amount of the Term Loans following such prepayment, reschedule the remaining amortization payments giving effect to such prepayment, and promptly distribute to the Borrower and to each of the Lenders a revised version of the schedule which appears in Section 2.1(d). 3.4 [intentionally omitted] 3.5 Payment in full at Maturity or Otherwise. The entire outstanding principal balance of all Loans, together with accrued but unpaid interest and all other sums owing with respect thereto, shall be due and payable in full, unless accelerated sooner pursuant to Section 9 on the Maturity Date. 3.6 Computations of Interest and Fees. (a) Except for Base Rate Loans that are based upon the Prime Rate, in which case interest shall be computed on the basis of the actual number of days elapsed over a year of 365 or 366 days, as the case may be, all computations of interest and fees hereunder shall be made on the basis of the actual number of days elapsed over a year of 360 days. Interest shall accrue from and include the date of borrowing (or continuation or conversion) but exclude the date of payment. (b) It is the intent of the Lenders and the Credit Parties to conform to and contract in strict compliance with applicable usury law from time to time in effect. All agreements between the Lenders and the Credit Parties are hereby limited by the provisions of this paragraph which shall override and control all such agreements, whether now -26- existing or hereafter arising and whether written or oral. In no way, nor in any event or contingency (including but not limited to prepayment or acceleration of the maturity of any obligation), shall the interest taken, reserved, contracted for, charged, or received under this Credit Agreement, under the Notes or otherwise, exceed the maximum nonusurious amount permissible under applicable law. If, from any possible construction of any of the Credit Documents or any other document, interest would otherwise be payable in excess of the maximum nonusurious amount, any such construction shall be subject to the provisions of this paragraph and such documents shall be automatically reduced to the maximum nonusurious amount permitted under applicable law, without the necessity of execution of any amendment or new document. If any Lender shall ever receive anything of value which is characterized as interest on the Loans under applicable law and which would, apart from this provision, be in excess of the maximum nonusurious amount, an amount equal to the amount which would have been excessive interest shall, without penalty, be applied to the reduction of the principal amount owing on the Loans and not to the payment of interest, or refunded to the Borrower or the other payor thereof if and to the extent such amount which would have been excessive exceeds such unpaid principal amount of the Loans. The right to demand payment of the Loans or any other Indebtedness evidenced by any of the Credit Documents does not include the right to accelerate the payment of any interest which has not otherwise accrued on the date of such demand, and the Lenders do not intend to charge or receive any unearned interest in the event of such demand. All interest paid or agreed to be paid to the Lenders with respect to the Loans shall, to the extent permitted by applicable law, be amortized, prorated, allocated, and spread throughout the full stated term (including any renewal or extension) of the Loans so that the amount of interest on account of such Indebtedness does not exceed the maximum nonusurious amount permitted by applicable law. 3.7 Pro Rata Treatment. Except to the extent otherwise provided herein or when the Initial Lender is the sole Lender, each payment or prepayment of principal of any Loan, and each conversion or continuation of any Loan shall (except as otherwise provided in Section 3.11) be allocated pro rata among the Lenders in accordance with the respective principal amounts of the outstanding Loans and Participation Interests of the Lenders); provided that, in the event any amount paid to any Lender pursuant to this Section 3.7 is rescinded or must otherwise be returned by the Administrative Agent, each Lender shall, upon the request of the Administrative Agent, repay to the Administrative Agent the amount so paid to such Lender, with interest for the period commencing on the date such payment is returned by the Administrative Agent until the date the Administrative Agent receives such repayment at a rate per annum equal to, during the period to but excluding the date two Business Days after such request, the Federal Funds Rate, and thereafter, the Base Rate plus two percent (2%) per annum. 3.8 Sharing of Payments. The Lenders agree among themselves that, except to the extent otherwise provided herein, in the event that any Lender shall obtain payment in respect of any Loan, or any other obligation owing to such Lender under this Credit Agreement through the exercise of a right of setoff, banker's -27- lien or counterclaim, or pursuant to a secured claim under Section 506 of the Bankruptcy Code or other security or interest arising from, or in lieu of, such secured claim, received by such Lender under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law or otherwise, or by any other means, in excess of its pro rata share of such payment as provided for in this Credit Agreement, such Lender shall promptly pay in cash or purchase from the other Lenders a participation in such Loans, and other obligations in such amounts, and make such other adjustments from time to time, as shall be equitable to the end that all Lenders share such payment in accordance with their respective ratable shares as provided for in this Credit Agreement. The Lenders further agree among themselves that if payment to a Lender obtained by such Lender through the exercise of a right of setoff, banker's lien, counterclaim or other event as aforesaid shall be rescinded or must otherwise be restored, each Lender which shall have shared the benefit of such payment shall, by payment in cash or a repurchase of a participation theretofore sold, return its share of that benefit (together with its share of any accrued interest payable with respect thereto) to each Lender whose payment shall have been rescinded or otherwise restored. The Borrower agrees that any Lender so purchasing such a participation may, to the fullest extent permitted by law, exercise all rights of payment, including setoff, banker's lien or counterclaim, with respect to such participation as fully as if such Lender were a holder of such Loan, or other obligation in the amount of such participation. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Credit Agreement, if any Lender or the Administrative Agent shall fail to remit to any other Lender an amount payable by such Lender or the Administrative Agent to such other Lender pursuant to this Credit Agreement on the date when such amount is due, such payments shall be made together with interest thereon for each date from the date such amount is due until the date such amount is paid to the Administrative Agent or such other Lender at a rate per annum equal to the Federal Funds Rate. If under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, any Lender receives a secured claim in lieu of a setoff to which this Section 3.8 applies, such Lender shall, to the extent practicable, exercise its rights in respect of such secured claim in a manner consistent with the rights of the Lenders under this Section 3.8 to share in the benefits of any recovery on such secured claim. 3.9 Capital Adequacy/Regulation D. (a) If, after the date thereof, any Lender determines that the introduction after the Closing Date of any law, rule or regulation or other Requirement of Law regarding capital adequacy or any change therein or in the interpretation thereof, or compliance by such Lender (or its Lending Office) therewith, has or would have the effect of reducing the rate of return on the capital or assets of such Lender or any corporation controlling such Lender as a consequence of such Lender's obligations hereunder (taking into consideration its policies with respect to capital adequacy and such Lender's desired return on capital), then from time to time upon demand of such Lender (with a copy of such demand to the Administrative Agent), the Borrower shall pay to such Lender such additional amounts as will compensate such Lender for such reduction. (b) The Borrower shall pay to each Lender, as long as such Lender shall be required under regulations of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States of America to maintain reserves with respect to liabilities or assets consisting of or including Eurocurrency funds or deposits (currently known as "Eurocurrency liabilities"), additional interest on the unpaid principal amount of each Eurodollar Loan -28- equal to (i) (A) the applicable Eurodollar Rate divided by (B) one minus the Eurodollar Reserve Percentage minus (ii) the applicable Eurodollar Rate. Such additional interest shall be due and payable on each date on which interest is payable on such Loan; provided the Borrower shall have received at least five days' prior notice (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) of such additional interest from such Lender. If a Lender fails to give notice five days prior to the relevant Interest Payment Date, such additional interest shall be due and payable five days from the receipt by the Borrower of such notice. 3.10 Inability To Determine Interest Rate. If the Administrative Agent (the Initial Lender if it is the sole Lender) determines (which determination shall be conclusive and binding upon the Borrower) in connection with any request for a Eurodollar Loan or a conversion to or continuation of a Eurodollar Loan that (a) Dollar deposits are not being offered to banks in the applicable offshore Dollar market for the applicable amount and Interest Period of such Eurodollar Loan, (b) adequate and reasonable means do not exist for determining the Eurodollar Rate for such Eurodollar Loan, or (c) the Eurodollar Rate for such Eurodollar Loan does not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to the Lenders of funding such Eurodollar Loan, the Administrative Agent will promptly notify the Borrower and all the Lenders. Thereafter, the obligation of the Lenders to make or maintain Eurodollar Loans shall be suspended until the Administrative Agent revokes such notice. Upon receipt of such notice, the Borrower may revoke any pending Notice of Borrowing or Notice of Continuation/Conversion with respect to Eurodollar Loans or, failing that, will be deemed to have converted such request into a request for a borrowing of or conversion into a Base Rate Loan in the amount specified therein. 3.11 Illegality. If any Lender determines that any Requirement of Law has made it unlawful, or that any Governmental Authority has asserted that it is unlawful, for any Lender or its applicable Lending Office to make, maintain or fund Eurodollar Loans, or materially restricts the authority of such Lender to purchase or sell, or to take deposits of, Dollars in the applicable offshore Dollar market, or to determine or charge interest rates based upon the Eurodollar Rate, then, on notice thereof by such Lender to the Borrower through the Administrative Agent, any obligation of such Lender to make or continue Eurodollar Loans or to convert Base Rate Loans to Eurodollar Loans shall be suspended until such Lender notifies the Administrative Agent and the Borrower that the circumstances giving rise to such determination no longer exist. Upon receipt of such notice, the Borrower shall, upon demand from such Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), prepay or, if applicable, convert all Eurodollar Loans of such Lender to Base Rate Loans, either on the last day of the Interest Period thereof, if such Lender may lawfully continue to maintain such Eurodollar Loans to such day, or immediately, if such Lender may not lawfully continue to maintain such Eurodollar Loans. Upon any such prepayment or conversion, the Borrower shall also pay interest on the amount so prepaid or converted, together with any amounts due with respect thereto pursuant to Section 3.14. Each Lender agrees to designate a different Lending Office if such designation will avoid the need for such notice and will not, in the good faith judgment of such Lender, otherwise be materially disadvantageous to such Lender. -29- 3.12 Requirements of Law. If any Lender determines that as a result of the introduction of or any change in, or in the interpretation of, any Requirement of Law, or such Lender's compliance therewith, there shall be any increase in the cost to such Lender of agreeing to make or making, funding or maintaining Eurodollar Loans or a reduction in the amount received or receivable by such Lender in connection with any of the foregoing (excluding for purposes of this subsection (a) any such increased costs or reduction in amount resulting from (i) Taxes or Other Taxes (as to which Section 3.13 shall govern) and (ii) reserve requirements utilized in the determination of the Eurodollar Rate), then from time to time, within 10 days of demand of such Lender (with a copy of such demand to the Administrative Agent), the Borrower shall pay to such Lender such additional amounts as will compensate such Lender for such increased cost or reduction in yield. 3.13 Taxes. (a) Any and all payments by a Credit Party to or for the account of the Administrative Agent or any Lender under any Credit Document shall be made free and clear of and without deduction for any and all present or future income, stamp or other taxes, duties, levies, imposts, deductions, assessments, fees, withholdings or similar charges, and all liabilities with respect thereto, but excluding, in the case of the Administrative Agent and each Lender, taxes imposed on or measured by its net income, and franchise taxes imposed on it (in lieu of net income taxes), by the jurisdiction (or any political subdivision thereof) under the laws of which the Administrative Agent or such Lender, as the case may be, is organized or maintains its Lending Office (all such non-excluded present or future income, stamp or other taxes, duties, levies, imposts, deductions, assessments, fees, withholdings or similar charges, and liabilities being hereinafter referred to as "Taxes"). If a Credit Party shall be required by any Requirement of Law to deduct any Taxes from or in respect of any sum payable under any Credit Document to the Administrative Agent or any Lender, (i) the sum payable shall be increased as necessary so that after making all required deductions (including deductions applicable to additional sums payable under this Section 3.13(a)), the Administrative Agent or such Lender, as the case may be, receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such deductions been made, (ii) such Credit Party shall make such deductions, (iii) such Credit Party shall pay the full amount deducted to the relevant taxation authority or other Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable Requirements of Law, and (iv) within 30 days after the date of such payment, such Credit Party shall furnish to the Administrative Agent (which shall forward the same to such Lender) the original or a certified copy of a receipt evidencing payment thereof, to the extent such receipt is issued therefor, or other written proof of payment thereof that is reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. (b) In addition, each Credit Party agrees to pay any and all present or future stamp, court or documentary taxes and any other excise or property taxes or charges or similar levies which arise from any payment made under any Credit Document or from -30- the execution, delivery, performance, enforcement or registration of, or otherwise with respect to, any Credit Document (hereinafter referred to as "Other Taxes"). (c) If a Credit Party shall be required to deduct or pay any Taxes or Other Taxes from or in respect of any sum payable under any Credit Document to the Administrative Agent or any Lender, such Credit Party shall also pay to the Administrative Agent (for the account of such Lender) or to such Lender, at the time interest is paid, such additional amount that such Lender reasonably specifies by written notice to such Credit Party as necessary to preserve the after-tax yield (after factoring in all taxes, including taxes imposed on or measured by net income) such Lender would have received if such Taxes or Other Taxes had not been imposed; provided that if such Lender fails to provide such notice to such Credit Party before the date which is five days prior to the date such interest is paid, such Credit Party shall pay at the time such interest is paid such amount as such Credit Party reasonably estimates will preserve such Lender's after-tax yield (after factoring in only such Taxes or Other Taxes) and pay the balance within five days after receiving such notice. (d) Each Credit Party agrees to indemnify the Administrative Agent and each Lender for (i) the full amount of Taxes and Other Taxes (including any Taxes or Other Taxes imposed or asserted by any jurisdiction on amounts payable under this Section 3.13(d)) paid by the Administrative Agent and such Lender, and (ii) any liability (including penalties, interest and reasonable expenses) arising therefrom or with respect thereto. (e) In the case of any payment hereunder or under any other Credit Document by or on behalf of a Credit Party through an account or branch outside the United States, or on behalf of a Credit Party by a payor that is not a United States person, if such Credit Party determines that no taxes are payable in respect thereof, such Credit Party shall furnish, or shall cause such payor to furnish, to the Administrative Agent, an opinion of counsel reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent stating that such payment is exempt from Taxes. For purposes of this subsection (e), the terms "United States" and "United States person" shall have the meanings specified in Section 7701 of the Code. (f) Each Lender that is a foreign corporation, foreign partnership or foreign trust within the meaning of the Code shall deliver to the Administrative Agent, prior to receipt of any payment subject to withholding under the Code, two duly signed completed copies of either IRS Form W-8BEN or any successor thereto (relating to such Lender and entitling it to an exemption from, or reduction of, withholding tax on all payments to be made to such Lender by the Credit Parties pursuant to this Credit Agreement) or IRS Form W-8ECI or any successor thereto (relating to all payments to be made to such Lender by a Credit Party pursuant to this Credit Agreement), as appropriate, or such other evidence satisfactory to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent that such Lender is entitled to an exemption from, or reduction of, United States withholding tax. Thereafter and from time to time, each such Lender shall (i) promptly submit to the Administrative Agent such additional duly completed and signed copies of one of such forms (or such successor forms as shall be adopted from time to time by the relevant -31- United States taxing authorities), as appropriate, as may reasonably be requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent and then be available under then current United States laws and regulations to avoid, or such evidence as is satisfactory to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent of any available exemption from or reduction of, United States withholding taxes in respect of all payments to be made to such Lender by the Borrower pursuant to this Credit Agreement, (ii) promptly notify the Administrative Agent of any change in circumstances which would modify or render invalid any claimed exemption or reduction, and (iii) take such steps as shall not be materially disadvantageous to it, in the reasonable judgment of such Lender, and as may be reasonably necessary (including the re-designation of its Lending Office) to avoid any Requirement of Law that the Credit Parties make any deduction or withholding for taxes from amounts payable to such Lender. If the forms or other evidence provided by such Lender at the time such Lender first becomes a party to this Credit Agreement indicate a United States interest withholding tax rate in excess of zero, withholding tax at such rate shall be considered excluded from Taxes unless and until such Lender provides the appropriate forms certifying that a lesser rate applies, whereupon withholding tax at such lesser rate only shall be considered excluded from Taxes for periods governed by such forms; provided, however, that, if at the date of any assignment pursuant to which a Lender becomes a party to this Credit Agreement, the Lender assignor was entitled to payments under subsection (a) of this Section 3.13 in respect of United States withholding tax with respect to interest paid at such date, then, to such extent, the term Taxes shall include (in addition to withholding taxes that may be imposed in the future or other amounts otherwise includable in Taxes) United States withholding tax, if any, applicable with respect to the Lender assignee on such date. If such Lender fails to deliver the above forms or other evidence, then the Administrative Agent may withhold from any interest payment to such Lender an amount equal to the applicable withholding tax imposed by Sections 1441 and 1442 of the Code, without reduction. If any Governmental Authority asserts that the Administrative Agent did not properly withhold any tax or other amount from payments made in respect of such Lender, such Lender shall indemnify the Administrative Agent therefor, including all penalties and interest, any taxes imposed by any jurisdiction on the amounts payable to the Administrative Agent under this Section 3.13(f), and costs and expenses (including Attorney Costs) of the Administrative Agent. For any period with respect to which a Lender has failed to provide the Borrower with the above forms or other evidence (other than if such failure is due to a change in the applicable law, or in the interpretation or application thereof, occurring after the date on which such form or other evidence originally was required to be provided or if such form or other evidence otherwise is not required, such Lender shall not be entitled to indemnification under subsection (a) or (c) of this Section 3.13 with respect to Taxes imposed by the United States by reason of such failure; provided, however, that should a Lender become subject to Taxes because of its failure to deliver such form or other evidence required hereunder, the Borrower shall take such steps as such Lender shall reasonably request to assist such Lender in recovering such Taxes. The obligation of the Lenders under this Section 3.13(f) shall survive the payment of all Credit Party Obligations and the resignation or replacement of the Administrative Agent. -32- (g) In the event that an additional payment is made under Section 3.13(a) or (c) for the account of any Lender and such Lender, in its reasonable judgment, determines that it has finally and irrevocably received or been granted a credit against or release or remission for, or repayment of, any tax paid or payable by it in respect of or calculated with reference to the deduction or withholding giving rise to such payment, such Lender shall, to the extent that it determines that it can do so without prejudice to the retention of the amount of such credit, relief, remission or repayment, pay to the Borrower such amount as such Lender shall, in its reasonable judgment, have determined to be attributable to such deduction or withholding and which will leave such Lender (after such payment) in no worse position than it would have been in if the Borrower had not been required to make such deduction or withholding. Nothing herein contained shall interfere with the right of a Lender to arrange its tax affairs in whatever manner it thinks fit nor oblige any Lender to claim any tax credit or to disclose any information relating to its tax affairs or any computations in respect thereof or require any Lender to do anything that would prejudice its ability to benefit from any other credits, reliefs, remissions or repayments to which it may be entitled. 3.14 Compensation. Upon the written demand of any Lender, the Borrower shall promptly compensate such Lender for and hold such Lender harmless from any loss, cost or expense incurred by it as a result of: (a) any continuation, conversion, payment or prepayment of any Eurodollar Loan on a day other than the last day of the Interest Period for such Eurodollar Loan (whether voluntary, mandatory, automatic, by reason of acceleration, or otherwise); or (b) any failure by the Borrower (for a reason other than the failure of such Lender to make a Eurodollar Loan) to prepay, borrow, continue or convert any Eurodollar Loan on the date or in the amount previously requested by the Borrower. The amount each such Lender shall be compensated pursuant to this Section 3.14 shall include, without limitation, (i) any loss incurred by such Lender in connection with the re-employment of funds prepaid, repaid, not borrowed or paid, as the case may be and (ii) any reasonable out-of-pocket expenses (including Attorney Costs) incurred and reasonably attributable thereto. For purposes of calculating amounts payable by the Borrower to the Lenders under this Section 3.14, each Lender may deem that it funded each Eurodollar Loan made by it at the Eurodollar Rate for such Eurodollar Loan by a matching deposit or other borrowing in the applicable offshore Dollar interbank market for a comparable amount and for a comparable period, whether or not such Eurodollar Loan was in fact so funded. 3.15 Determination and Survival of Provisions. All determinations by the Administrative Agent or a Lender of amounts owing under Sections 3.9 through 3.14, inclusive, shall, absent manifest error, be conclusive and binding on -33- the parties hereto. In determining such amount, the Administrative Agent or such Lender may use any reasonable averaging and attribution methods. Section 3.9 through 3.14, inclusive, shall survive the termination of this Credit Agreement and the payment of all Credit Party Obligations. 3.16 Notification by Lenders. Subject to Section 3.13(c), each Lender shall notify the Borrower (and any applicable Credit Party) of any event that will entitle such Lender to compensation under Section 3.9, 3.12, 3.13 or 3.14 as promptly as practicable, but in any event within 90 days after such Lender obtains actual knowledge thereof; provided, however, that if any Lender fails to give such notice within 90 days after it obtains actual knowledge of such an event, such Lender shall, with respect to compensation payable pursuant to Section 3.9, 3.12, 3.13 or 3.14 in respect of any costs resulting from such event, only be entitled to payment under Section 3.9, 3.12, 3.13 or 3.14 for costs incurred from and after the date 90 days prior to the date that such Lender gives such notice. If requested by the Borrower, each Lender will furnish to Borrower within ten Business Days of the time the Lender requests compensation under Section 3.9, 3.12, 3.13 or 3.14, a certificate setting forth the basis, amount and reasonable detail of computation of each request by such Lender for compensation under Section 3.9, 3.12, 3.13 or 3.14, which certificate shall, except for demonstrable error, be final, conclusive and binding for all purposes. 3.17 Mitigation; Mandatory Assignment. Each Lender shall use reasonable efforts to avoid or mitigate any increased cost or suspension of the availability of an interest rate under Sections 3.9 through 3.14 above to the greatest extent practicable (including transferring the Loans to another Lending Office or Affiliate of a Lender) unless, in the reasonable opinion of such Lender, such efforts would be likely to have an adverse effect upon it. In the event a Lender makes a request to the Borrower for additional payments in accordance with Section 3.9, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13 or 3.14, then, provided that no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing at such time, the Borrower may, at its own expense (such expense to include, without limitation, any transfer fee payable to the Administrative Agent under Section 11.3(b)) and in its sole discretion, require such Lender to transfer and assign in whole (but not in part), without recourse (in accordance with and subject to the terms and conditions of Section 11.3(b)), all of its interests, rights and obligations under this Credit Agreement to an Eligible Assignee which shall assume such assigned obligations (which assignee may be another Lender, if a Lender accepts such assignment); provided that (a) such assignment shall not conflict with any law, rule or regulation or order of any court or other Governmental Authority and (b) the Borrower or such assignee shall have paid to the assigning Lender in immediately available funds the principal of and interest accrued to the date of such payment on the portion of the Loans hereunder held by such assigning Lender and all other amounts owed to such assigning Lender hereunder, including amounts owed pursuant to Sections 3.9 through 3.14 hereof. -34- SECTION 4 GUARANTY 4.1 Guaranty of Payment. Subject to Section 4.7 below, each of the Guarantors hereby, jointly and severally, unconditionally guarantees to each Lender and the Administrative Agent the prompt payment of the Credit Party Obligations in full when due (whether at stated maturity, as a mandatory prepayment, by acceleration or otherwise) and the timely performance of all other obligations under the Credit Documents. This Guaranty is a guaranty of payment and not of collection and is a continuing guaranty and shall apply to all Credit Party Obligations whenever arising. 4.2 Obligations Unconditional. The obligations of the Guarantors hereunder are absolute and unconditional, irrespective of the value, genuineness, validity, regularity or enforceability of any of the Credit Documents, or any other agreement or instrument referred to therein, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, irrespective of any other circumstance whatsoever which might otherwise constitute a legal or equitable discharge or defense of a surety or guarantor. Each Guarantor agrees that this Guaranty may be enforced by the Lenders without the necessity at any time of resorting to or exhausting any other security or collateral and without the necessity at any time of having recourse to the Notes or any other of the Credit Documents or any collateral, if any, hereafter securing the Credit Party Obligations or otherwise and each Guarantor hereby waives the right to require the Lenders to proceed against the Borrower or any other Person (including a co-guarantor) or to require the Lenders to pursue any other remedy or enforce any other right. Each Guarantor further agrees that it shall have no right of subrogation, indemnity, reimbursement or contribution against the Borrower or any other Guarantor of the Credit Party Obligations for amounts paid under this Guaranty until such time as the Lenders have been paid in full and all Commitments under the Credit Agreement have been terminated. Each Guarantor further agrees that nothing contained herein shall prevent the Lenders from suing on the Notes or any of the other Credit Documents or foreclosing its security interest in or Lien on any collateral, if any, securing the Credit Party Obligations or from exercising any other rights available to it under this Credit Agreement, the Notes, any other of the Credit Documents, or any other instrument of security, if any, and the exercise of any of the aforesaid rights and the completion of any foreclosure proceedings shall not constitute a discharge of any of such Guarantor's obligations hereunder; it being the purpose and intent of each Guarantor that its obligations hereunder shall be absolute, independent and unconditional under any and all circumstances. Neither any Guarantor's obligations under this Guaranty nor any remedy for the enforcement thereof shall be impaired, modified, changed or released in any manner whatsoever by an impairment, modification, change, release or limitation of the liability of the Borrower or by reason of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the Borrower. Each Guarantor waives any and all notice of the creation, renewal, extension or accrual of any of the Credit Party Obligations and notice of or proof of reliance of by the Administrative Agent or any Lender upon this Guaranty or acceptance of this Guaranty. The Credit Party Obligations, and any of them, shall conclusively be deemed to have been created, contracted or incurred, or renewed, extended, amended or waived, in reliance upon this Guaranty. All dealings between the Borrower and any of the Guarantors, on the one hand, and -35- the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, on the other hand, likewise shall be conclusively presumed to have been had or consummated in reliance upon this Guaranty. The Guarantors further agree to all rights of set-off as set forth in Section 11.2. 4.3 Modifications. Each Guarantor agrees that (a) all or any part of the collateral, if any, now or hereafter held for the Credit Party Obligations, if any, may be exchanged, compromised or surrendered from time to time; (b) the Lenders shall not have any obligation to protect, perfect, secure or insure any such security interests, liens or encumbrances now or hereafter held, if any, for the Credit Party Obligations or the properties subject thereto; (c) the time or place of payment of the Credit Party Obligations may be changed or extended, in whole or in part, to a time certain or otherwise, and may be renewed or accelerated, in whole or in part; (d) the Borrower and any other party liable for payment under the Credit Documents may be granted indulgences generally; (e) any of the provisions of the Notes or any of the other Credit Documents may be modified, amended or waived; (f) any party (including any co-guarantor) liable for the payment thereof may be granted indulgences or be released; and (g) any deposit balance for the credit of the Borrower or any other party liable for the payment of the Credit Party Obligations or liable upon any security therefor may be released, in whole or in part, at, before or after the stated, extended or accelerated maturity of the Credit Party Obligations, all without notice to or further assent by such Guarantor, which shall remain bound thereon, notwithstanding any such exchange, compromise, surrender, extension, renewal, acceleration, modification, indulgence or release. 4.4 Waiver of Rights. Each Guarantor expressly waives to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law: (a) notice of acceptance of this Guaranty by the Lenders and of all extensions of credit to the Borrower by the Lenders; (b) presentment and demand for payment or performance of any of the Credit Party Obligations; (c) protest and notice of dishonor or of default (except as specifically required in the Credit Agreement) with respect to the Credit Party Obligations or with respect to any security therefor; (d) notice of the Lenders obtaining, amending, substituting for, releasing, waiving or modifying any security interest, lien or encumbrance, if any, hereafter securing the Credit Party Obligations, or the Lenders' subordinating, compromising, discharging or releasing such security interests, liens or encumbrances, if any; and (e) all other notices to which such Guarantor might otherwise be entitled. 4.5 Reinstatement. The obligations of the Guarantors under this Section 4 shall be automatically reinstated if and to the extent that for any reason any payment by or on behalf of any Person in respect of the Credit Party Obligations is rescinded or must be otherwise restored by any holder of any of the Credit Party Obligations, whether as a result of any proceedings in bankruptcy or reorganization or otherwise, and each Guarantor agrees that it will indemnify the Administrative Agent and each Lender on demand for all reasonable costs and expenses (including, without limitation, reasonable Attorney Costs) incurred by the Administrative Agent or such Lender in connection with such rescission or restoration, including any such costs and expenses incurred in defending against any -36- claim alleging that such payment constituted a preference, fraudulent transfer or similar payment under any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law. 4.6 Remedies. The Guarantors agree that, as between the Guarantors, on the one hand, and the Administrative Agent and the Lenders, on the other hand, the Credit Party Obligations may be declared to be forthwith due and payable as provided in Section 9 (and shall be deemed to have become automatically due and payable in the circumstances provided in Section 9) notwithstanding any stay, injunction or other prohibition preventing such declaration (or preventing such Credit Party Obligations from becoming automatically due and payable) as against any other Person and that, in the event of such declaration (or such Credit Party Obligations being deemed to have become automatically due and payable), such Credit Party Obligations (whether or not due and payable by any other Person) shall forthwith become due and payable by the Guarantors. 4.7 Limitation of Guaranty. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained herein or in any of the other Credit Documents, to the extent the obligations of any Guarantor shall be adjudicated to be invalid or unenforceable for any reason (including, without limitation, because of any applicable state or federal law relating to fraudulent conveyances or transfers) then the obligations of such Guarantor hereunder shall be limited to the maximum amount that is permissible under applicable law (whether federal or state or otherwise and including, without limitation, the Bankruptcy Code). 4.8 Rights of Contribution. The Credit Parties agree among themselves that, in connection with payments made hereunder, each Credit Party shall have contribution rights against the other Credit Parties as permitted under applicable law. Such contribution rights shall be subordinate and subject in right of payment to the obligations of the Credit Parties under the Credit Documents and no Credit Party shall exercise such rights of contribution until all Credit Party Obligations have been paid in full and the Commitments terminated. 4.9 Release of Guarantors. Subject to Section 7.12(b), if any of the Guarantors shall cease to be a Material Domestic Subsidiary of the Borrower for any reason subject to and in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreement, then such Guarantor shall, automatically and without any further action on the part of any party to any Credit Document, and upon notice to the Administrative Agent, be fully released and discharged from all its liabilities and obligations under or in respect of the Credit Documents to which such Guarantor is a party (other than liabilities and obligations resulting from a demand on such Guarantor's Guaranty pursuant to Section 9.2) and, promptly upon the request of the Borrower and at the expense of the Borrower, the Administrative Agent shall execute such documents and take such other action as is reasonably requested by the Borrower to evidence the release and discharge of such Guarantor from all such liabilities and obligations and -37- shall, if applicable, certify to the Borrower that such Guarantor has no liabilities or obligations resulting from a demand on such Guarantor's Guaranty pursuant to Section 9.2. SECTION 5 CONDITIONS PRECEDENT 5.1 Closing Conditions. This Credit Agreement shall become effective upon, and the obligation of the Initial Lender to enter into this Credit Agreement is subject to, the receipt by the Initial Lender of duly executed copies of this Credit Agreement. 5.2 Conditions to Funding of the Term Loan. The obligation of the Initial Lender to make the initial Term Loan is subject to satisfaction (or waiver) of the following conditions: (a) Credit Documents. Receipt by the Initial Lender of duly executed copies of the Note prior to the Funding Date. (b) Authority Documents. Receipt by the Initial Lender of the following with respect to each Credit Party, subject to the understanding that the Initial Lender has already received organizational documents in connection with the execution and delivery of the 2002 Credit Agreement and will deem the conditions of subclause (i), (ii) and (iv) below satisfied upon delivery of long form good standing certificates and organizational documents as to the Borrower and any Credit Party which was not a party to the 2002 Credit Agreement, together with bring-down telegrams with respect to the other Credit Parties whose good standing certificates and organizational documents were furnished previously: (i) Organizational Documents. Copies of the articles or certificates of incorporation or other organizational documents of each Credit Party certified to be true and complete as of a recent date by the appropriate Governmental Authority of the state or other jurisdiction of its formation and certified by a secretary or assistant secretary of such Credit Party to be true and correct as of the Funding Date. (ii) Bylaws. A copy of the bylaws or other governing documents of each Credit Party certified by a secretary or assistant secretary of such Credit Party to be true and correct as of the Funding Date. (iii) Resolutions. Copies of resolutions of the Board of Directors or other governing body of each Credit Party approving and adopting the Credit Documents to which it is a party, the transactions contemplated therein and authorizing execution and delivery thereof, certified by a secretary or assistant secretary of such Credit Party to be true and correct and in full force and effect as of the Funding Date. -38- (iv) Good Standing. Copies of certificates of good standing, existence or its equivalent with respect to each Credit Party certified as of a recent date in relation to the Funding Date by the appropriate Governmental Authority of the state or other jurisdiction of its formation. (v) Incumbency. An incumbency certificate of each Credit Party certified by a secretary or assistant secretary of such Credit Party to be true and correct as of the Funding Date. (c) Opinions of Counsel. Receipt by the Administrative Agent of opinions reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, addressed to the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Lenders and dated as of the Funding Date. (d) Officer's Certificates. The Administrative Agent shall have received a certificate or certificates executed by an Authorized Officer of the Borrower as of the Funding Date stating that (i) the financial statements and information delivered to the Administrative Agent on or before the Funding Date were prepared in good faith and that such financial statements were prepared in accordance with GAAP and (ii) immediately after giving effect to this Credit Agreement, the other Credit Documents and all the transactions contemplated herein or therein to occur on such date, (A) each Credit Party is Solvent and the Borrower and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole are Solvent, (B) no Default or Event of Default exists, (C) all representations and warranties contained herein and in the other Credit Documents are true and correct in all material respects, (D) the Credit Parties are in compliance with each of the financial covenants set forth in Section 7.2 and (E) the Borrower and each of its Material Domestic Subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms of all of their material debt obligations, including, without limitation, (I) the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement, (II) the Senior Unsecured Notes and (III) the Convertible Notes. (e) Material Adverse Effect. Since December 31, 2002 there shall not have occurred a Material Adverse Effect. (f) Other. Receipt by the Lenders of such other documents, instruments, agreements or information as reasonably and timely requested by any Lender through the Administrative Agent. 5.3 Conditions to All Extensions of Credit. In addition to the conditions precedent stated elsewhere herein, the Initial Lender shall not be obligated to make the initial Loan unless: (a) Notice. The Borrower shall have delivered to the Initial Lender, an appropriate Notice of Borrowing, duly executed and completed, by the time specified in Section 2.1. -39- (b) Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties made by the Credit Parties in any Credit Document are true and correct in all material respects at and as if made as of such date except to the extent they expressly and exclusively relate to an earlier date. (c) No Default. No Default or Event of Default shall exist and be continuing either prior to or after giving effect to such Loan. (d) the date of the requested borrowing is on or prior to January 31, 2004. The delivery of each Notice of Borrowing shall constitute a representation and warranty by the Borrower of the correctness of the matters specified in subsections (b), (c), and (d) above. SECTION 6 REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES The Credit Parties hereby represent to the Administrative Agent and each Lender that: 6.1 Organization and Good Standing. Each Credit Party (a) is either a partnership, a corporation or a limited liability company duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization, (b) is duly qualified and in good standing as a foreign organization and authorized to do business in every other jurisdiction where its ownership or operation of property or the conduct of its business would require it to be qualified, in good standing and authorized, unless the failure to be so qualified, in good standing or authorized would not have or would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect and (c) has the power and authority to own and operate its properties and to carry on its business as now conducted and as currently proposed to be conducted. 6.2 Due Authorization. Each Credit Party (a) has the power and authority to execute, deliver and perform this Credit Agreement and the other Credit Documents to which it is a party and to incur the obligations herein and therein provided for and (b) has duly taken all necessary action to authorize, and is duly authorized, to execute, deliver and perform this Credit Agreement and the other Credit Documents to which it is a party. 6.3 Enforceable Obligations. Each Credit Party has duly executed this Credit Agreement and each other Credit Document to which such Credit Party is a party and this Credit Agreement and such other Credit Documents constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of such Credit Party enforceable against such Credit Party in accordance with their respective terms, except as may be limited by bankruptcy or -40- insolvency laws or similar laws affecting creditors' rights generally or by general equitable principles. 6.4 No Conflicts. Neither the execution and delivery of the Credit Documents to which it is a party, nor the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein and therein, nor the performance of or compliance with the terms and provisions hereof and thereof by a Credit Party will (a) violate, contravene or conflict with any provision of such Credit Party's organizational documents, (b) violate, contravene or conflict with any Requirement of Law (including, without limitation, Regulations T, U or X), order, writ, judgment, injunction, decree, license or permit applicable to such Credit Party which violation would have or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, (c) violate, contravene or conflict with contractual provisions of, or cause an event of default under, any indenture, loan agreement, mortgage, deed of trust, contract or other agreement or instrument to which such Credit Party is a party or by which it or its properties may be bound which violation would have or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, or (d) result in or require the creation of any Lien upon or with respect to the properties of such Credit Party. 6.5 Consents. Except for consents, approvals and authorizations which have been obtained or the absence of which would not have or would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, no consent, approval, authorization or order of, or filing, registration or qualification with, any Governmental Authority, equity owner or third party in respect of any Credit Party is required in connection with the execution, delivery or performance of this Credit Agreement or any of the other Credit Documents, or the consummation of any transaction contemplated herein or therein by such Credit Party. 6.6 Financial Condition. The financial statements delivered to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders pursuant to Sections 7.1(a) and (b): (a) have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and (b) present fairly the consolidated financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of such date and for such periods. Since December 31, 2002, there has been no sale, transfer or other disposition by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries of any material part of the business or property of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or purchase or other acquisition by any such Person of any business or property (including any Capital Stock of any other Person) material in relation to the consolidated financial condition of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, in each case, which, is not (i) reflected in the most recent financial statements delivered to the Lenders prior to the Funding Date or pursuant to Section 7.1 or in the notes thereto or (ii) otherwise permitted by the terms of this Credit Agreement and communicated to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders. -41- 6.7 No Material Change. Since December 31, 2002, there has been no development or event relating to or affecting the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries which has had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 6.8 Disclosure. Neither this Credit Agreement, nor any other Credit Document, nor any financial statements delivered to the Administrative Agent or the Lenders nor any other document, certificate or statement furnished to the Administrative Agent or the Lenders by or on behalf of any Credit Party in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, taken as a whole, contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements contained therein or herein not misleading. 6.9 No Default. No Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result from the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Credit Agreement and the other Credit Documents. 6.10 Litigation. Except as set forth in Schedule 6.10, no litigation, investigation, claim, criminal prosecution, civil investigative demand, imposition of criminal or civil fines and penalties, or any other proceeding of or before any arbitrator or Governmental Authority is pending or, to the knowledge of the Borrower, threatened by or against the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries or against any of its or their respective Properties (a) with respect to the Credit Documents or any Loan or any of the transactions contemplated hereby or (b) which would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 6.11 Taxes. The Borrower and each of its Subsidiaries has filed, or caused to be filed, all material tax returns (federal, state, local and foreign) required to be filed and has paid (a) all amounts of taxes shown thereon to be due (including interest and penalties) and (b) all other material taxes, fees, assessments and other governmental charges (including mortgage recording taxes, documentary stamp taxes and intangibles taxes) owing by it, except for such taxes (i) which are not yet delinquent or (ii) that are being contested in good faith and by proper proceedings, and against which adequate reserves are being maintained in accordance with GAAP. 6.12 Compliance with Law. Except to the extent the same would not have or would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect: -42- (a) The Borrower and each of its Subsidiaries is in compliance with all Requirements of Law (including, without limitation, Environmental Laws, ERISA, Medicaid Regulations, Medicare Regulations, 42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7b and 42 U.S.C. Section 1395nn) and all material orders, writs, injunctions and decrees applicable to it, or to its Properties. (b) (i) Neither the Borrower nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any individual employed by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries who may reasonably be expected to be excluded or suspended from participation in any Medical Reimbursement Program for their corporate or individual actions or failures to act; and (ii) there is no member of management continuing to be employed by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries who may reasonably be expected to have individual criminal culpability for healthcare matters under investigation by any Governmental Authority unless such member of management has been, within a reasonable period of time after discovery of such actual or potential culpability, either suspended or removed from positions of responsibility related to those activities under challenge by the Governmental Authority. (c) Current billing policies, arrangements, protocols and instructions comply with all material requirements of Medical Reimbursement Programs and are administered by properly trained personnel. (d) Current medical director compensation arrangements and other arrangements with referring physicians comply with state and federal self-referral and anti-kickback laws, including without limitation 42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7b(b)(1) - (b)(2) and 42 U.S.C. Section 1395nn. 6.13 Licensing and Accreditation. Except to the extent the same would not have or would not be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, each of the Credit Parties has, to the extent applicable: (a) obtained and maintains in good standing all required licenses, permits, authorization and approvals of each Governmental Authority necessary to the conduct of its business; (b) to the extent prudent and customary in the industry in which it is engaged, obtained and maintains accreditation from all generally recognized accrediting agencies (including, but not limited to, CAP); (c) obtained and maintains CLIA certification; (d) entered into and maintains in good standing its Medicare Provider Agreements and its Medicaid Provider Agreements; and (e) ensured that all such required licenses, certifications and accreditations are in full force and effect on the date hereof and have not been revoked or suspended or otherwise limited. 6.14 Title to Properties, Liens. The Borrower and each of its Subsidiaries, is the owner of, and has good title to, or has a valid license or lease to use, all of its material Properties. All Liens on the Properties of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries are Permitted Liens. -43- 6.15 Insurance. The properties of the Borrower and each of its Subsidiaries are insured with financially sound and reputable insurance companies that are not Affiliates of the Borrower (except to the extent that self-insurance is maintained in reasonable amounts), in such amounts, with such deductibles and covering such risks, as is reasonable and prudent. 6.16 Use of Proceeds. The proceeds of the Loans will be used solely for the purposes specified in Section 7.10. 6.17 Government Regulation. (a) "Margin stock" within the meaning of Regulation U does not constitute more than 25% of the value of the consolidated assets of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries. None of the transactions contemplated by the Credit Documents (including, without limitation, the direct or indirect use of the proceeds of the Loans) will violate or result in a violation of (i) the Securities Act, (ii) the Exchange Act or (iii) Regulations T, U or X. (b) Neither the Borrower nor any of its Subsidiaries is subject to regulation under the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, the Federal Power Act or the Investment Company Act of 1940, each as amended. 6.18 ERISA. Except as would not result in or would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect: (a) (i) No ERISA Event has occurred, and, to the best knowledge of the Borrower, each of its Subsidiaries and each ERISA Affiliate, no event or condition has occurred or exists as a result of which any ERISA Event could reasonably be expected to occur, with respect to any Plan; (ii) no "accumulated funding deficiency," as such term is defined in Section 302 of ERISA and Section 412 of the Code, whether or not waived, has occurred with respect to any Plan and no application for a funding waiver or an extension of any amortization period pursuant to Section 412 of the Code has been made with respect to any Plan; (iii) each Plan has been maintained, operated, and funded in compliance with its own terms and in material compliance with the provisions of ERISA, the Code, and any other applicable federal or state laws; (iv) each Plan that is intended to qualify under Section 401(a) of the Code has received a favorable determination letter from the IRS or an application for such a letter is currently being processed by the IRS with respect thereto and, to the best knowledge of the Borrower, each of its Subsidiaries and each ERISA Affiliate, nothing has occurred which would prevent, or cause the loss of, such qualification; and (v) no Lien in favor or the PBGC or a Plan has arisen or is reasonably likely to arise on account of any Plan. -44- (b) Neither the Borrower nor any Subsidiary of the Borrower nor any ERISA Affiliate has incurred, or, to the best of each such party's knowledge, is reasonably expected to incur, any liability under Title IV of ERISA with respect to any Single Employer Plan, or any withdrawal liability under ERISA to any Multiemployer Plan or Multiple Employer Plan. Neither the Borrower nor any Subsidiary of the Borrower nor any ERISA Affiliate has received any notification that any Multiemployer Plan is in reorganization (within the meaning of Section 4241 of ERISA), is insolvent (within the meaning of Section 4245 of ERISA), or has been terminated (within the meaning of Title IV of ERISA), and no Multiemployer Plan is, to the best of each such Person's knowledge, reasonably expected to be in reorganization, insolvent, or terminated. Neither the Borrower nor any Subsidiary of the Borrower nor any ERISA Affiliate has engaged in a transaction that could be subject to Sections 4069 or 4212(c) of ERISA. (c) No prohibited transaction (within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code) or breach of fiduciary responsibility has occurred with respect to a Plan which has subjected or may subject the Borrower, any Subsidiary of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate to any liability under Sections 406, 409, 502(i), or 502(l) of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, or under any agreement or other instrument pursuant to which the Borrower, any Subsidiary of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate has agreed or is required to indemnify any person against any such liability. There are no pending or, to the best knowledge of the Borrower, each of its Subsidiaries and each ERISA Affiliate, threatened claims, actions or lawsuits, or action by any Governmental Authority, with respect to any Plan that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. (d) Each Plan that is a welfare plan (as defined in Section 3(1) of ERISA) to which Sections 601-609 of ERISA and Section 4980B of the Code apply has been administered in compliance in all material respects with such sections. 6.19 Environmental Matters. (a) Except as would not result in or would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect: (i) Each of the real properties owned, leased or operated by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries (the "Real Properties") and all operations at the Real Properties are in compliance with all applicable Environmental Laws, and there is no violation of any Environmental Law with respect to the Real Properties or the businesses operated by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries (the "Businesses"), and there are no conditions relating to the Businesses or Real Properties that would reasonably be expected to give rise to liability under any applicable Environmental Laws. (ii) No Credit Party has received any written notice of, or inquiry from any Governmental Authority regarding, any violation, alleged violation, non-compliance, liability or potential liability regarding Hazardous Materials or compliance with Environmental Laws with regard to any of the Real Properties or -45- the Businesses, nor, to the knowledge of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, is any such notice being threatened. (iii) Hazardous Materials have not been transported or disposed of from the Real Properties, or generated, treated, stored or disposed of at, on or under any of the Real Properties or any other location, in each case by, or on behalf or with the permission of, the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries in a manner that would give rise to liability under any applicable Environmental Laws. (iv) No judicial proceeding or governmental or administrative action is pending or, to the knowledge of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, threatened, under any Environmental Law to which the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries is or will be named as a party, nor are there any consent decrees or other decrees, consent orders, administrative orders or other orders, or other administrative or judicial requirements outstanding under any Environmental Law with respect to the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries, the Real Properties or the Businesses. (v) There has been no release (including, without limitation, disposal) or threat of release of Hazardous Materials at or from the Real Properties, or arising from or related to the operations of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries in connection with the Real Properties or otherwise in connection with the Businesses where such release constituted a violation of, or would give rise to liability under, any applicable Environmental Laws. (vi) None of the Real Properties contains, or has previously contained, any Hazardous Materials at, on or under the Real Properties in amounts or concentrations that, if released, constitute or constituted a violation of, or could give rise to liability under, Environmental Laws. (vii) Neither the Borrower, nor any of its Subsidiaries, has assumed any liability of any Person (other than among themselves) under any Environmental Law. (b) The Credit Parties have adopted procedures that are designed to (i) ensure that each Credit Party, any of its operations and each of the Real Properties complies with applicable Environmental Laws and (ii) minimize any liabilities or potential liabilities that each Credit Party, any of its operations and each of the Real Properties may have under applicable Environmental Laws. 6.20 Intellectual Property. The Borrower and each of its Subsidiaries owns, or has the legal right to use, all material patents, trademarks, tradenames, copyrights, technology, know-how and processes (the "Intellectual Property") necessary for each of them to conduct its business as currently conducted other than as would not have or would not be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. No claim has been asserted and is pending by any Person challenging or questioning the use of any -46- Intellectual Property owned by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries or that the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries has a right to use or the validity or effectiveness of any such Intellectual Property, nor does the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries have knowledge of any such claim, and, to the knowledge of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, the use of any Intellectual Property by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries does not infringe on the rights of any Person, except for such claims and infringements that in the aggregate, would not have or would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. 6.21 Subsidiaries. As of the Closing Date, set forth on Schedule 6.21 is a complete and accurate list of all Subsidiaries of the Borrower and which of such Subsidiaries are Material Domestic Subsidiaries. 6.22 Solvency. Each Credit Party is and, after consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Credit Agreement, will be Solvent. SECTION 7 AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS Each Credit Party hereby covenants and agrees that so long as this Credit Agreement is in effect and until the Loans, together with interest and fees and other obligations then due and payable hereunder, have been paid in full and the Commitments hereunder shall have terminated: 7.1 Information Covenants. It is agreed that so long as the Initial Lender is the sole Lender hereunder and receives the information below in its capacity as a party to the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement or the 2002 Term Loan Credit Agreement, the information covenant herein stated will be deemed satisfied. If such information is not furnished as described in the preceding sentence, the Credit Parties will furnish, or cause to be furnished, to the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders an electronic (if readily available) and a hard copy of: (a) Annual Financial Statements. As soon as available, and in any event within 95 days after the close of each fiscal year of the Borrower, a consolidated balance sheet and income statement of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, as of the end of such fiscal year, together with related consolidated statements of operations, cash flows and changes in stockholders' equity for such fiscal year, setting forth in comparative form consolidated figures for the preceding fiscal year, all such consolidated financial information described above to be audited by independent certified public accountants of recognized national standing and whose opinion shall be to the effect that such financial statements fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as at the end of, and for, such fiscal year in -47- accordance with GAAP and shall not be limited as to the scope of the audit or qualified in any manner. (b) Quarterly Financial Statements. As soon as available, and in any event within 50 days after the close of each of the first three fiscal quarters of the Borrower, a consolidated balance sheet and income statement of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, as of the end of such fiscal quarter, together with related consolidated statements of operations, cash flows and changes in stockholders' equity for such fiscal quarter setting forth in each case in comparative form the corresponding consolidated statements of operations and cash flows for the corresponding period of the preceding fiscal year, and accompanied by a certificate of an Authorized Officer of the Borrower to the effect that such quarterly financial statements fairly present in all material respects the consolidated financial condition of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries and in accordance with GAAP, subject to changes resulting from audit and normal year-end audit adjustments. Notwithstanding the above, it is understood and agreed that delivery of the Borrower's applicable Form 10-Q shall satisfy the requirements of this Section 7.1(b). (c) Officer's Certificate. At the time of delivery of the financial statements provided for in Sections 7.1(a) and 7.1(b) above, a certificate of an Authorized Officer of the Borrower substantially in the form of Exhibit 7.1(c), (i) demonstrating compliance with the financial covenants contained in Section 7.2 and the covenant requirements in Sections 7.12(b) and 7.13 by calculation thereof as of the end of each such fiscal period, (ii) demonstrating compliance with any other terms of this Credit Agreement as reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent, (iii) stating that no Default or Event of Default exists, or if any Default or Event of Default does exist, specifying the nature and extent thereof and what action the Borrower proposes to take with respect thereto and (iv) updating Schedule 6.21 as of the end of such fiscal period. (d) Reports. Promptly upon transmission or receipt thereof, copies of all financial statements, proxy statements, notices and reports as the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries shall send to shareholders of the Borrower generally and, upon request of the Administrative Agent, copies of any filings and registrations with, and reports to or from, any Governmental Authority which has regulatory authority with respect to the Borrower and its Subsidiaries. (e) Notices. Upon a Credit Party obtaining knowledge thereof, the Borrower will give written notice to the Administrative Agent promptly (and in any event within five Business Days) of (i) the occurrence of an event or condition consisting of a Default or Event of Default, specifying the nature and existence thereof and what action the Borrower proposes to take with respect thereto, (ii) the occurrence of any of the following with respect to the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries (A) the pendency or commencement of any litigation, arbitration or governmental proceeding against the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries which (x) would have or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, or (y) would result in a significant liability to the Credit Parties or (B) material non-compliance with, or the institution of any proceedings against the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to, or the receipt of written notice by such Person of -48- potential liability or responsibility for violation, or alleged violation of, any Requirement of Law (including, without limitation, Environmental Laws) the violation of which would have or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect (iii) any change to the Debt Rating of the Borrower, (iv) any investigation or proceeding against the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries to suspend, revoke or terminate, any Medicaid Provider Agreement, Medicare Provider Agreement, or exclusion from any Medical Reimbursement Program, which is reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (v) any breach by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries or any predecessor of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries of the Corporate Integrity Agreement entered into with the OIG if such breach causes the OIG to take any adverse action as a result of such breach. (f) ERISA. Upon the Borrower, any Subsidiary of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate obtaining knowledge thereof, such Person shall give written notice to the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders promptly (and in any event within two Business Days) of the occurrence of any of the following events which has had or would be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect: (i) any Reportable Event, that constitutes an ERISA Event; (ii) with respect to any Multiemployer Plan, the receipt of notice as prescribed in ERISA or otherwise of any withdrawal liability assessed against the Borrower, any Subsidiary of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate, or of a determination that any Multiemployer Plan is in reorganization or insolvent (both within the meaning of Title IV of ERISA); (iii) the failure to make full payment on or before the due date (including extensions) thereof of all amounts which the Borrower, any Subsidiary of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate is required to contribute to each Plan pursuant to its terms and as required to meet the minimum funding standard set forth in ERISA and the Code with respect thereto; or (iv) any change in the funding status of any Plan that could have a Material Adverse Effect; in each case together with a description of any such event or condition or a copy of any such notice and a statement by an Authorized Officer of the Borrower briefly setting forth the details regarding such event, condition, or notice, and the action, if any, which has been or is being taken or is proposed to be taken by such Person with respect thereto. Promptly upon request, the Credit Parties shall furnish the Administrative Agent and the Lenders with such additional information concerning any Plan as may be reasonably requested, including, but not limited to, copies of each annual report/return (Form 5500 series), as well as all schedules and attachments thereto required to be filed with the Department of Labor and/or the Internal Revenue Service pursuant to ERISA and the Code, respectively, for each "plan year" (within the meaning of Section 3(39) of ERISA). (g) Environmental. (i) Subsequent to a written notice from any Governmental Authority that would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, or during the existence of an Event of Default, and upon the written request of Administrative Agent, the Credit Parties will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Administrative Agent, at the Credit Parties' expense, a report of an environmental assessment of reasonable scope, form and depth, including, where appropriate, invasive soil or groundwater sampling, by a consultant reasonably acceptable to the Administrative -49- Agent addressing the subject of such notice or, if during the existence of an Event of Default, regarding any release or threat of release of Hazardous Materials on any Property owned, leased or operated by a Credit Party and the compliance by the Credit Parties with Environmental Laws. If the Credit Parties fail to deliver such an environmental report within seventy-five (75) days after receipt of such written request, then the Administrative Agent may arrange for same, and the Credit Parties hereby grant to the Administrative Agent and its representatives access to the Real Properties and a license of a scope reasonably necessary to undertake such an assessment (including, where appropriate, invasive soil or groundwater sampling). The reasonable cost of any assessment arranged for by the Administrative Agent pursuant to this provision will be payable by the Credit Parties on demand. (ii) Each Credit Party will conduct and complete, or cause to be conducted and completed, all investigations, studies, sampling, and testing and all remedial, removal, and other actions necessary to address all Hazardous Materials on, from, or affecting any Real Properties to the extent necessary to be in compliance with all Environmental Laws and all other applicable federal, state, and local laws, regulations, rules and policies and with the orders and directives of all Governmental Authorities exercising jurisdiction over such Real Properties to the extent any failure would have or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. (h) Other Information. With reasonable promptness upon any such request, such other information regarding the business, properties or financial condition of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request. 7.2 Financial Covenants. (a) Leverage Ratio. The Leverage Ratio, as of the last day of each fiscal quarter of the Borrower, shall be less than or equal to 3.25 to 1.0. (b) Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio. The Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio, as of the last day of each fiscal quarter of the Borrower, shall be greater than or equal to 1.5 to 1.0. 7.3 Preservation of Existence and Franchises. The Borrower will, and will cause its Subsidiaries to, do all things necessary to preserve and keep in full force and effect its existence, rights, franchises, Intellectual Property and authority except as permitted by Section 8.4; provided that neither the Borrower nor any of its Subsidiaries shall be required to preserve any rights, franchises, Intellectual Property or authority if the Borrower or such Subsidiary shall determine that the preservation thereof is no longer desirable in the conduct of its business and if the loss thereof would not have or would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. -50- 7.4 Books and Records. The Borrower will, and will cause its Subsidiaries to, keep complete and accurate books and records of its transactions in order to produce its financial statements in accordance with GAAP (including the establishment and maintenance of appropriate reserves). 7.5 Compliance with Law. Except to the extent the failure to do so would not have or would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Borrower will, and will cause each of its Subsidiaries to, (a) comply with all Requirements of Law, and all applicable restrictions imposed by all Governmental Authorities, applicable to it and its Property (including, without limitation, Environmental Laws and ERISA), (b) conform with and duly observe in all material respects all laws, rules and regulations and all other valid requirements of any regulatory authority with respect to the conduct of its business, including without limitation Titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act, Medicare Regulations, Medicaid Regulations, and all laws, rules and regulations of Governmental Authorities, pertaining to the business of the Credit Parties; (c) obtain and maintain all licenses, permits, certifications and approvals of all applicable Governmental Authorities as are required for the conduct of its business as currently conducted and herein contemplated, including without limitation professional licenses, CLIA certifications, Medicare Provider Agreements and Medicaid Provider Agreements; and (d) ensure that (i) billing policies, arrangements, protocols and instructions will comply with reimbursement requirements under Medicare, Medicaid and other Medical Reimbursement Programs and will be administered by properly trained personnel; and (ii) medical director compensation arrangements and other arrangements with referring physicians will comply with applicable state and federal self-referral and anti-kickback laws, including without limitation 42 U.S.C. Section 1320a-7b(b)(1) - (b)(2) 42 U.S.C. and 42 U.S.C. Section 1395nn. 7.6 Payment of Taxes and Other Indebtedness. The Borrower will, and will cause its Subsidiaries to, pay, settle or discharge (a) all material taxes, assessments and governmental charges or levies imposed upon it, or upon its income or profits, or upon any of its properties, before they shall become delinquent, (b) all material lawful claims (including claims for labor, materials and supplies) which, if unpaid, might give rise to a Lien upon any of its properties, and (c) all of its other material Indebtedness as it shall become due (to the extent such repayment is not otherwise prohibited by this Credit Agreement); provided, however, that a Credit Party shall not be required to pay any such tax, assessment, charge, levy, claim or Indebtedness which is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings and as to which adequate reserves therefor have been established in accordance with GAAP, unless the failure to make any such payment (i) would give rise to an immediate right to foreclose or collect on a Lien securing such amounts or (ii) would have or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. -51- 7.7 Insurance. The Borrower will, and will cause each of its Subsidiaries to, at all times maintain in full force and effect insurance (including worker's compensation, liability, casualty and business interruption insurance) with reputable national companies that are not Affiliates of the Borrower (except to the extent that self-insurance is maintained in reasonable amounts), in such amounts, covering such risks and liabilities as is reasonable and prudent. 7.8 Maintenance of Property. The Borrower will, and will cause its Subsidiaries to, maintain and preserve its properties and equipment in good repair, working order and condition, normal wear and tear excepted, and will make, or cause to be made, in such properties and equipment from time to time all repairs, renewals, replacements, extensions, additions, betterments and improvements thereto as may be needed or proper, in each case to the extent and in the manner customary for companies in similar businesses. 7.9 Performance of Obligations. Except to the extent the failure to do so would not have or would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, the Borrower will, and will cause its Subsidiaries to, perform all of its obligations under the terms of all contracts, agreements or other agreements not evidencing Indebtedness to which it is a party or by which it or its Properties may be bound. 7.10 Use of Proceeds. The Borrower will use the proceeds of the Loans for its general corporate purposes. 7.11 Audits/Inspections. Upon reasonable notice and during normal business hours, but not more than once per calendar year, the Borrower will, and will cause each of its Subsidiaries to, permit representatives appointed by the Administrative Agent or any Lender, including, without limitation, independent accountants, agents, attorneys and appraisers to visit and inspect the Borrower's or any Subsidiary's Property, including its books and records, its accounts receivable and inventory, its facilities and its other business assets, and to make photocopies or photographs thereof and to write down and record any information such representative obtains and shall permit the Administrative Agent, any Lender or its representatives to investigate and verify the accuracy of information provided to the Administrative Agent or the Lenders and to discuss all such matters with the officers, employees and representatives of the Borrower and/or its Subsidiaries; provided, however, during the existence of a Default or Event of Default, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders may request as many inspections as reasonable under the circumstances. Any expenses incurred in connection with this Section 7.11 shall be for the account of the Lenders unless an Event of Default exists in which case such expenses shall be for the account of the Borrower. Any representatives appointed by the Administrative Agent shall sign a confidentiality agreement reasonably acceptable to the Borrower prior to any visit, investigation, inspection or verification permitted by this Section 7.11. -52- 7.12 Additional Credit Parties. (a) At the time any Person becomes a Material Domestic Subsidiary or at the time any Subsidiary of the Borrower guaranties the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement or the Senior Unsecured Notes (if it is not already a Guarantor), the Borrower shall so notify the Administrative Agent and promptly thereafter (but in any event within 30 days) shall cause such Person to (i) execute a Joinder Agreement in substantially the same form as Exhibit 7.12, and (ii) deliver such other documentation as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request in connection with the foregoing, including, without limitation, certified resolutions and other organizational and authorizing documents of such Person and favorable opinions of counsel to such Person (which shall cover, among other things, the legality, validity, binding effect and enforceability of the documentation referred to above), all in form, content and scope reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. (b) If at any time Non-Material Domestic Subsidiaries own assets in an aggregate amount greater than five percent (5%) of Total Assets or produce revenues in an aggregate amount greater than five percent (5%) of the total revenues of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, the Borrower will designate one or more Non-Material Domestic Subsidiaries to become a Guarantor (and such Non-Material Domestic Subsidiary shall become a Guarantor in accordance with clause (a) above) so that after giving effect to such designation and action, Non-Material Domestic Subsidiaries own assets in the aggregate of equal to or less than five percent (5%) of Total Assets and produce revenues in an aggregate amount equal to or less than five percent (5%) of the total revenues of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. 7.13 Credit Party Revenues. The Borrower will take such action as is necessary to cause the aggregate annual net revenues of the Credit Parties, as of the end of each fiscal quarter for the prior twelve month period, to be greater than or equal to the lesser of (a) $2,800,000,000 or (b) 80% of the total consolidated annual net revenues of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries for the prior twelve month period. 7.14 Compliance Program. The Borrower will, and will cause each of its Domestic Subsidiaries that operates a clinical laboratory to, maintain, and be operated in accordance with, a compliance program which is reasonably designed to provide effective internal controls that promote adherence to applicable federal and state law and the program requirements of federal and state health plans, and which includes the implementation of internal audits and monitoring on a regular basis to monitor compliance with the requirements of the compliance program and applicable law, regulations and company policies. -53- SECTION 8 NEGATIVE COVENANTS Each Credit Party hereby covenants and agrees that so long as this Credit Agreement is in effect and until the Loans, together with interest, fees and other obligations then due and payable hereunder, have been paid in full and the Commitments hereunder shall have terminated: 8.1 Indebtedness. The Borrower will not permit any of its Subsidiaries to, contract, create, incur, assume or permit to exist any Indebtedness, other than: (a) Guaranty Obligations arising under this Credit Agreement and the other Credit Documents; (b) Indebtedness in respect of current accounts payable and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business; (c) Indebtedness owing by a Subsidiary of the Borrower to the Borrower or another Subsidiary of the Borrower; (d) purchase money Indebtedness (including Capital Leases) to finance the purchase of fixed assets (including equipment); provided that (i) the total of all such Indebtedness shall not exceed an aggregate principal amount of $50,000,000 (less any purchase money Indebtedness incurred by the Borrower) at any one time outstanding; (ii) such Indebtedness when incurred shall not exceed the purchase price of the asset(s) financed; and (iii) no such Indebtedness shall be refinanced for a principal amount in excess of the principal balance outstanding thereon at the time of such refinancing; (e) Indebtedness arising from Permitted Receivables Financings in an amount not to exceed $450,000,000, in the aggregate (less any Indebtedness incurred by the Borrower arising from Permitted Receivables Financings), at any one time outstanding; (f) Indebtedness evidenced by Hedging Agreements entered into in the ordinary course of business and not for speculative purposes; (g) any guaranty of Indebtedness of the Borrower; (h) Indebtedness incurred after the Closing Date in connection with the acquisition of a Person or Property as long as such Indebtedness existed prior to such acquisition and was not created in anticipation thereof; (i) Indebtedness existing on the Closing Date as set forth on Schedule 8.1; and -54- (j) other unsecured Indebtedness in an amount not to exceed $200,000,000, in the aggregate, at any one time outstanding. 8.2 Liens. The Borrower will not, nor will it permit its Subsidiaries to, contract, create, incur, assume or permit to exist any Lien with respect to any of its Property of any kind (whether real or personal, tangible or intangible), whether now owned or after acquired, other than Permitted Liens. 8.3 Nature of Business. The Borrower will not, nor will it permit its Subsidiaries to, alter the character of its business from that conducted as of the Closing Date or engage in any substantial manner in any business other than (a) the business conducted by the Borrower and its Subsidiaries as of the Closing Date, (b) the business of MedPlus and its Subsidiaries and (c) other healthcare-related businesses. 8.4 Consolidation and Merger. The Borrower will not, nor will it permit any Subsidiary to, enter into any transaction of merger or consolidation or liquidate, wind up or dissolve itself, or suffer any such liquidation, wind-up or dissolution; provided that (subject to Sections 7.12 and 7.13) (a) a Subsidiary of the Borrower may merge into the Borrower or another Subsidiary of the Borrower, (b) a Subsidiary of the Borrower may merge or consolidate with another Person in a transaction otherwise permitted by Section 8.5 or (c) the Borrower or a Subsidiary of the Borrower may merge or consolidate with or into another Person if the following conditions are satisfied: (i) if such transaction involves total consideration (cash and non-cash) in excess of $100,000,000, the Administrative Agent is given prior written notice of such action; (ii) if the merger or consolidation involves a Credit Party, the surviving entity of such merger or consolidation shall either (A) be such Credit Party or (B) be a Subsidiary of the Borrower and expressly assume in writing all of the obligations of such Credit Party under the Credit Documents; provided that if the transaction is between the Borrower and another Person, the Borrower must be the surviving entity; (iii) the Credit Parties execute and deliver such documents, instruments and certificates as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request; and (iv) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing. 8.5 Sale or Lease of Assets. The Borrower will not, nor will it permit its Subsidiaries to, convey, sell, lease, transfer or otherwise voluntarily dispose of, in one transaction or a series of transactions, all or any part of its -55- business or assets whether now owned or hereafter acquired, including, without limitation, inventory, receivables, equipment, real property interests (whether owned or leasehold) and securities, other than a sale, lease, transfer or other disposal of (a) subject to Sections 7.12 and 7.13, assets from the Borrower or one of its Subsidiaries to each other; (b) inventory and supplies in the ordinary course of business; (c) obsolete, surplus, slow-moving, idle or worn-out assets no longer used or useful in the business of such Credit Party or the trade-in of equipment for equipment in better condition or of better quality; (d) assets which constitute a Permitted Investment in the ordinary course of business; (e) Receivables pursuant to a Permitted Receivables Financing; (f) Investments in the Strategic Investments Portfolio; and (g) assets of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, in addition to those permitted above in this Section 8.5; provided that in the case of this clause (g) (i) no Event of Default exists prior to such transfer, (ii) no Default or Event of Default exists after giving effect to such transfer and (iii) after giving effect to such transfer, the aggregate amount of all such transfers, calculated on a net book value basis, does not exceed ten percent (10%) of Total Assets, as determined on the last day of the most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Borrower for which an officer's certificate has been delivered pursuant to Section 7.1(c). 8.6 Investments. The Borrower will not, nor will it permit its Subsidiaries to, make or permit to exist any Investments except for Permitted Investments. 8.7 Transactions with Affiliates. The Borrower will not, nor will it permit its Subsidiaries to, enter into any transaction or series of transactions, whether or not in the ordinary course of business, with any officer, director, shareholder, Subsidiary or Affiliate other than on terms and conditions substantially as favorable as would be obtainable in a comparable arm's-length transaction with a Person other than an officer, director, shareholder, Subsidiary or Affiliate, except that, notwithstanding the foregoing, each of the following shall be permitted: (a) transactions between or among the Credit Parties; (b) transactions between or among the Borrower and its wholly owned Subsidiaries as long as such transaction is not disadvantageous to the Lenders in any material respect; (c) transactions between or among the Borrower or one or more of its wholly owned Subsidiaries (on the one hand) and one of the non-wholly owned Subsidiaries of the Borrower (on the other hand) as long as none of the equity of such non-wholly owned Subsidiary is owned or controlled by an officer or director of any Credit Party; (d) advances to employees permitted by clause (f) of the definition of Permitted Investments; (e) Dividends; (f) fees, compensation and other benefits paid to, and customary indemnity and reimbursement provided on behalf of, officers, directors and employees of any Credit Party in the ordinary course of business; (g) any employment agreements entered into by the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business; (h) any Permitted Receivables Financing; (i) the SBCL Acquisition Agreement and each agreement contemplated thereunder (including any registration rights agreement or purchase agreement related thereto) as in effect on June 27, 2001 and (j) transactions and agreements in existence on the Closing Date and listed on Schedule 8.7 and, in each case, any amendment thereto, that is not disadvantageous to the Lenders in any material respect. -56- 8.8 Fiscal Year; Accounting; Organizational Documents. The Borrower will not, nor will it permit its Subsidiaries to, unless such action would not affect the calculation of the financial covenants in Section 7.2 or would not or would not reasonably be likely to affect the rights of the Lenders under the Credit Documents: (a) change its fiscal year other than changing the fiscal year of a Subsidiary of the Borrower to a calendar year end, (b) change its accounting procedures, except as a result of changes in GAAP and in accordance with Section 1.3 or (c) change its organizational or governing documents. 8.9 Stock Repurchases. The Borrower will not, nor will it permit its Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire or retire or make any provisions for redemption, acquisition or retirement of any shares of the Capital Stock of the Borrower of any class or any warrants or options to purchase any such shares (collectively, a "Stock Repurchase"); provided that the Borrower or its Subsidiaries may consummate Stock Repurchases (a) in an amount up to $50,000,000, in the aggregate, during any consecutive period during the term of this Credit Agreement that the Leverage Ratio is greater than or equal to 2.75 to 1.0 and (b) in an unlimited amount as long as (i) the Leverage Ratio (A) as of the end of the most recent fiscal quarter of the Borrower for which an officer's certificate has been delivered pursuant to Section 7.1(c) is less than 2.75 to 1.0 and (B) on a Pro Forma Basis giving effect to such Stock Repurchase, is less than 2.75 to 1.0, (ii) if (A) the amount of Stock Repurchases during the lesser of (x) the twelve month period preceding the anticipated Stock Repurchase or (y) the period from the date of the last certificate delivered pursuant to this clause (ii) and the date of the anticipated Stock Repurchase plus (B) the amount of the anticipated Stock Repurchase exceeds, in the aggregate, $100,000,000, the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent, prior to making such Stock Repurchase, a certificate of an Authorized Officer of the Borrower providing calculations showing that the requirement in clause (b)(i)(B) above is accurate, (iii) on the date of such Stock Repurchase no Event of Default exists and (iv) after giving effect to such Stock Repurchase no Default or Event of Default exists. 8.10 Sale/Leasebacks. (a) Except as set forth in clause (b) below, the Borrower will not, and will not permit any Subsidiary to, enter into any Sale and Leaseback Transaction with respect to any Principal Property unless: (i) the Sale and Leaseback Transaction is solely with the Borrower or a Guarantor; or (ii) the lease is for a period not in excess of five years, including renewal rights; or (iii) prior to or within 270 days after the completion of the sale of such Principal Property in connection with the Sale and Leaseback Transaction, the Borrower or its Subsidiary applies the net cash proceeds of the sale of such -57- Principal Property to: (A) the prepayment of the Revolving Loans (as defined in the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement) under the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement (with a corresponding permanent reduction in the Revolving Committed Amount (as defined in the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement)) or the prepayment of debt ranking equally with such Revolving Loans; or (B) the acquisition of different property, facilities or equipment or the expansion of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries' existing business, including the acquisition of other businesses. (b) In addition to the Sale and Leaseback Transactions permitted by clause (a) above, the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries may enter into any Sale and Leaseback Transactions if all Attributable Debt (measured, in each case, at the time such Sale and Leaseback Transaction is entered into by the Borrower or its Subsidiary) in respect of such Sale and Leaseback Transactions (not including any Sale and Leaseback Transactions permitted under clause (a) above), in the aggregate, does not exceed 5% of Total Assets. SECTION 9 EVENTS OF DEFAULT 9.1 Events of Default. An Event of Default shall exist upon the occurrence, and during the continuation, of any of the following specified events (each an "Event of Default"): (a) Payment. Any Credit Party shall default in the payment (i) when due of any principal of any of the Loans or (ii) within three Business Days of when due of any interest on the Loans or any fees or other amounts owing hereunder, under any of the other Credit Documents or in connection herewith. (b) Representations. Any representation, warranty or statement made or deemed to be made by any Credit Party herein, in any of the other Credit Documents, or in any statement or certificate delivered or required to be delivered pursuant hereto or thereto shall prove untrue in any material respect on the date as of which it was made or deemed to have been made. (c) Covenants. Any Credit Party shall: (i) default in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or agreement contained in Sections 7.2, 7.3, 7.10, 7.12, 7.13 or 7.15 or Section 8 inclusive; (ii) default in the due performance or observance by it of any term, covenant or agreement contained in Section 7.1 (excepting Section 7.1(e) for which the unremedied period shall only be five Business Days) and 7.11 and such default shall continue unremedied for a period of ten Business Days; or -58- (iii) default in the due performance or observance by it of any term, covenant or agreement (other than those referred to in subsections (a), (b) or (c)(i) or (ii) of this Section 9.1) contained in this Credit Agreement and such default shall continue unremedied for a period of at least 30 days after the earlier of an Authorized Officer of the Borrower becoming aware of such default or notice thereof given by the Administrative Agent. (d) Other Credit Documents. (i) Any Credit Party shall default in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or agreement in any of the other Credit Documents and such default shall continue unremedied for a period of at least 30 days after the earlier of an Authorized Officer of the Borrower becoming aware of such default or notice thereof given by the Administrative Agent, (ii) any Credit Document shall fail to be in full force and effect or any Credit Party shall so assert or (iii) any Credit Document shall fail to give the Administrative Agent and/or the Lenders the rights, powers and privileges purported to be created by such Credit Document. (e) Guaranties. The guaranty given by the Credit Parties hereunder or by any Additional Credit Party or material provision thereof shall cease to be in full force and effect, or any Guarantor or any Person acting by or on behalf of such Guarantor shall deny or disaffirm such Guarantor's obligations under such guaranty or such Guarantor shall default in the due payment or performance of such guaranty. (f) Bankruptcy, etc. The occurrence of any of the following with respect to a Credit Party (i) a court or governmental agency having jurisdiction in the premises shall enter a decree or order for relief in respect of a Credit Party in an involuntary case under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, or appoint a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator, administrator or similar official of a Credit Party or for any substantial part of its Property or ordering the winding up or liquidation of, or an administrator in respect of, its affairs; or (ii) an involuntary case under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect is commenced against a Credit Party and such petition remains unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days; or (iii) a Credit Party shall commence a voluntary case under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, or consent to the entry of an order for relief in an involuntary case under any such law, or consent to the appointment or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator, administrator or similar official of such Person or any substantial part of its Property or make any general assignment for the benefit of creditors; or (iv) a Credit Party shall fail generally, or shall admit in writing its inability, to pay its debts as they become due or any action shall be taken by such Person in furtherance of any of the aforesaid purposes. (g) Defaults under Other Indebtedness. With respect to any Indebtedness in excess of $50,000,000 (other than Indebtedness outstanding under this Credit Agreement) of the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries (A) such Person shall (x) default in any payment (beyond the applicable grace period with respect thereto, if any) with respect to any such -59- Indebtedness, or (y) default (after giving effect to any applicable grace period) in the observance or performance relating to such Indebtedness or contained in any instrument or agreement evidencing, securing or relating thereto, or any other event or condition shall occur or condition exist, the effect of which default or other event or condition is to cause, or permit, the holder or holders of such Indebtedness (or trustee or agent on behalf of such holders, if any) to require (determined without regard to whether any notice or lapse of time is required) any such Indebtedness to become due prior to its stated maturity; or (B) any such Indebtedness shall be declared due and payable, or required to be prepaid other than by a regularly scheduled required prepayment prior to the stated maturity thereof; or (C) any such Indebtedness shall mature and remain unpaid. (h) Judgments. One or more judgments, orders, or decrees shall be entered against any one or more of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries involving a liability of $50,000,000 or more, in the aggregate, (to the extent not paid, covered by insurance provided by a carrier who has acknowledged coverage or covered by an indemnification from Corning Incorporated or SmithKline Beecham PLC) and such judgments, orders or decrees (i) are the subject of any enforcement proceeding commenced by any creditor or (ii) shall continue unsatisfied, undischarged and unstayed for a period ending on the first to occur of (A) the last day on which such judgment, order or decree becomes final and unappealable or (B) 60 days. (i) ERISA. The occurrence of any of the following events or conditions which individually or in the aggregate has had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect: (i) any "accumulated funding deficiency," as such term is defined in Section 302 of ERISA and Section 412 of the Code, whether or not waived, shall exist with respect to any Plan, other than a Multiemployer Plan, or any Lien shall arise on the assets of the Borrower, any Subsidiary of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate in favor of the PBGC or a Plan, other than a Multiemployer Plan; (ii) an ERISA Event shall occur with respect to a Single Employer Plan, which is reasonably likely to result in the termination of such Plan for purposes of Title IV of ERISA; (iii) an ERISA Event shall occur with respect to a Multiemployer Plan or Multiple Employer Plan, which is reasonably likely to result in (A) the termination of such plan for purposes of Title IV of ERISA, or (B) the Borrower, any Subsidiary of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate incurring any liability in connection with a withdrawal from, reorganization of (within the meaning of Section 4241 of ERISA), or insolvency (within the meaning of Section 4245 of ERISA) of such plan; (iv) any prohibited transaction (within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code) or breach of fiduciary responsibility shall occur which may subject the Borrower, any Subsidiary of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate to any liability under Sections 406, 409, 502(i), or 502(l) of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, or under any agreement or other instrument pursuant to which the Borrower, any Subsidiary of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate has agreed or is required to indemnify any Person against any such liability; or (v) the Borrower, any Subsidiary of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate fails to pay when due, after the expiration of any applicable grace period, any installment payment with respect to its withdrawal liability under Section 4201 of ERISA under a Multiemployer Plan in an aggregate amount in excess of $50,000,000. -60- (j) Ownership. There shall occur a Change of Control. (k) Cross Default. There shall occur an Event of Default as defined in the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement to the extent the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement has not been terminated, or an Event of Default as defined in the 2002 Term Loan Agreement, unless the 2002 Term Loan Agreement has been fully repaid and the obligations thereunder satisfied (other than contingent obligations therein stated to survive termination). 9.2 Acceleration; Remedies. Upon the occurrence and during the continuation of an Event of Default, the Administrative Agent may or shall, upon the request and direction of the Required Lenders, take the following actions without prejudice to the rights of the Administrative Agent or any Lender to enforce its claims against the Credit Parties, except as otherwise specifically provided for herein: (a) Termination of Commitments. Declare the Commitment terminated whereupon the Commitment shall be immediately terminated. (b) Acceleration of Loans. Declare the unpaid principal of and any accrued interest in respect of all Loans and any and all other Indebtedness or obligations of any and every kind owing by a Credit Party to any of the Lenders under the Credit Documents to be due whereupon the same shall be immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby waived by the Credit Parties. (c) Enforcement of Rights. To the extent permitted by law, enforce any and all rights and interests created and existing under the Credit Documents, including, without limitation, all rights and remedies against a Guarantor and all rights of set-off. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if an Event of Default specified in Section 9.1(f) shall occur, then the Commitment shall automatically terminate and all Loans, all accrued interest in respect thereof, all accrued and unpaid fees and other indebtedness or obligations owing to the Lenders hereunder shall immediately become due and payable without the giving of any notice or other action by the Administrative Agent or the Lenders, which notice or other action is expressly waived by the Credit Parties. Notwithstanding the fact that enforcement powers reside primarily with the Administrative Agent, each Lender has, to the extent permitted by law, a separate right of payment and shall be considered a separate "creditor" holding a separate "claim" within the meaning of Section 101(5) of the Bankruptcy Code or any other insolvency statute. 9.3 Allocation of Payments After Event of Default. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Credit Agreement, after the occurrence and during the continuation of an Event of Default, all amounts collected or received by the -61- Administrative Agent or any Lender on account of amounts outstanding under any of the Credit Documents shall be paid over or delivered as follows: FIRST, to the payment of all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including without limitation reasonable Attorneys' Costs) of the Administrative Agent or any of the Lenders in connection with enforcing the rights of the Lenders under the Credit Documents, pro rata as set forth below; SECOND, to payment of any fees owed to the Administrative Agent or any Lender, pro rata as set forth below; THIRD, to the payment of all accrued interest payable to the Lenders hereunder, pro rata as set forth below; FOURTH, to the payment of the outstanding principal amount of the Loans, pro rata as set forth below; FIFTH, to all other obligations which shall have become due and payable under the Credit Documents and not repaid pursuant to clauses "FIRST" through "FOURTH" above; and SIXTH, to the payment of the surplus, if any, to whoever may be lawfully entitled to receive such surplus. In carrying out the foregoing, (a) amounts received shall be applied in the numerical order provided until exhausted prior to application to the next succeeding category; and (b) each of the Lenders shall receive an amount equal to its pro rata share (based on the proportion that the then outstanding Loans held by such Lender bears to the aggregate then outstanding Loans of amounts available to be applied). SECTION 10 AGENCY PROVISIONS 10.1 Appointment. Each Lender hereby irrevocably appoints, designates and authorizes the Administrative Agent to take such action on its behalf under the provisions of this Credit Agreement and each other Credit Document and to exercise such powers and perform such duties as are expressly delegated to it by the terms of this Credit Agreement or any other Credit Document, together with such powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained elsewhere herein or in any other Credit Document, the Administrative Agent shall not have any duties or responsibilities, except those expressly set forth herein, nor shall the Administrative Agent have or be deemed to have any fiduciary or trustee relationship with any Lender or participant, and no implied covenants, functions, responsibilities, duties, obligations or liabilities shall be read into this Credit -62- Agreement or any other Credit Document or otherwise exist against the Administrative Agent. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing sentence, the use of the term "agent" herein and in the other Credit Documents with reference to the Administrative Agent is not intended to connote any fiduciary or other implied (or express) obligations arising under agency doctrine of any applicable law. Instead, such term is used merely as a matter of market custom, and is intended to create or reflect only an administrative relationship between independent contracting parties. 10.2 Delegation of Duties. The Administrative Agent may execute any of its duties under this Credit Agreement or any other Credit Document by or through agents, employees or attorneys-in-fact and shall be entitled to advice of counsel and other consultants or experts concerning all matters pertaining to such duties. The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for the negligence or misconduct of any agent or attorney-in-fact that it selects with reasonable care. 10.3 Exculpatory Provisions. No Agent-Related Person shall (a) be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by any of them under or in connection with this Credit Agreement or any other Credit Document or the transactions contemplated hereby (except for its own gross negligence or willful misconduct in connection with its duties expressly set forth herein), or (b) be responsible in any manner to any Lender or participant for any recital, statement, representation or warranty made by any Credit Party or any officer thereof, contained herein or in any other Credit Document, or in any certificate, report, statement or other document referred to or provided for in, or received by the Administrative Agent under or in connection with, this Credit Agreement or any other Credit Document, or the validity, effectiveness, genuineness, enforceability or sufficiency of this Credit Agreement or any other Credit Document, or for any failure of any Credit Party or any other party to any Credit Document to perform its obligations hereunder or thereunder. No Agent-Related Person shall be under any obligation to any Lender or participant to ascertain or to inquire as to the observance or performance of any of the agreements contained in, or conditions of, this Credit Agreement or any other Credit Document, or to inspect the properties, books or records of any Credit Party or any Affiliate thereof. 10.4 Reliance on Communications. (a) The Administrative Agent shall be entitled to rely, and shall be fully protected in relying, upon any writing, communication, signature, resolution, representation, notice, consent, certificate, affidavit, letter, telegram, facsimile, telex or telephone message, statement or other document or conversation believed by it to be genuine and correct and to have been signed, sent or made by the proper Person or Persons, and upon advice and statements of legal counsel (including counsel to any Credit Party), independent accountants and other experts selected by the Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent may deem and treat each Lender as the owner of its interests hereunder for all purposes unless a written notice of assignment, negotiation or transfer thereof shall have been delivered to the Administrative Agent in accordance with -63- Section 11.3(b). The Administrative Agent shall be fully justified in failing or refusing to take any action under any Credit Document unless it shall first receive such advice or concurrence of the Required Lenders as it deems appropriate and, if it so requests, it shall first be indemnified to its satisfaction by the Lenders against any and all liability and expense which may be incurred by it by reason of taking or continuing to take any such action. The Administrative Agent shall in all cases be fully protected in acting, or in refraining from acting, under this Credit Agreement or any other Credit Document in accordance with a request or consent of the Required Lenders or all the Lenders, if required hereunder, and such request and any action taken or failure to act pursuant thereto shall be binding upon all the Lenders and participants, and their respective successors and assigns. Where this Credit Agreement expressly permits or prohibits an action unless the Required Lenders otherwise determine, the Administrative Agent shall, and in all other instances, the Administrative Agent may, but shall not be required to, initiate any solicitation for the consent or a vote of the Lenders. (b) For purposes of determining compliance with the conditions specified in Section 5.1, each Lender that has signed this Credit Agreement shall be deemed to have consented to, approved or accepted or to be satisfied with, each document or other matter either sent by the Administrative Agent to such Lender for consent, approval, acceptance or satisfaction, or required thereunder to be consented to or approved by or acceptable or satisfactory to a Lender. 10.5 Notice of Default. The Administrative Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge or notice of the occurrence of any Default or Event of Default, except with respect to defaults in the payment of principal, interest and fees required to be paid to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Lenders, unless the Administrative Agent shall have received written notice from a Lender or the Borrower referring to this Credit Agreement, describing such Default or Event of Default and stating that such notice is a "notice of default." The Administrative Agent will notify the Lenders of its receipt of any such notice. The Administrative Agent shall take such action with respect to such Default or Event of Default as may be reasonably directed by the Required Lenders in accordance with Section 9.2; provided, however, that unless and until the Administrative Agent has received any such direction, the Administrative Agent may (but shall not be obligated to) take such action, or refrain from taking such action, with respect to such Default or Event of Default as it shall deem advisable or in the best interest of the Lenders. 10.6 Non-Reliance on Administrative Agent and Other Lenders. Each Lender acknowledges that no Agent-Related Person has made any representation or warranty to it, and that no act by the Administrative Agent hereinafter taken, including any consent to and acceptance of any assignment or review of the affairs of any Credit Party or any Affiliate thereof, shall be deemed to constitute any representation or warranty by any Agent-Related Person to any Lender as to any matter, including whether Agent-Related Persons have disclosed material information in their possession. Each Lender represents to the Administrative Agent that it has, independently and without reliance upon any Agent-Related Person or any -64- other Lender and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own appraisal of and investigation into the business, prospects, operations, Property, financial and other condition and creditworthiness of the Credit Parties and their respective Affiliates, and all applicable bank or other regulatory laws relating to the transactions contemplated hereby, and made its own decision to enter into this Credit Agreement and to extend credit to the Borrower hereunder. Each Lender also represents that it will, independently and without reliance upon any Agent-Related Person or any other Lender and based on such documents and information as it shall deem appropriate at the time, continue to make its own credit analysis, appraisals and decisions in taking or not taking action under this Credit Agreement and the other Credit Documents, and to make such investigations as it deems necessary to inform itself as to the business, prospects, operations, Property, financial and other condition and creditworthiness of the Borrower. Except for notices, reports and other documents expressly required to be furnished to the Lenders by the Administrative Agent herein, the Administrative Agent shall not have any duty or responsibility to provide any Lender with any credit or other information concerning the business, prospects, operations, Property, financial and other condition or creditworthiness of any of the Credit Parties or any of their respective Affiliates which may come into the possession of any Agent-Related Person. 10.7 Indemnification. Whether or not the transactions contemplated hereby are consummated, the Lenders shall indemnify upon demand each Agent-Related Person (to the extent not reimbursed by or on behalf of any Credit Party and without limiting the obligation of any Credit Party to do so), pro rata, and hold harmless each Agent-Related Person from and against any and all Indemnified Liabilities incurred by it; provided, however, that no Lender shall be liable for the payment to any Agent-Related Person of any portion of such Indemnified Liabilities resulting from such Agent-Related Person's gross negligence or willful misconduct; it being understood that no action taken in accordance with the directions of the Required Lenders shall be deemed to constitute gross negligence or willful misconduct for purposes of this Section 10.7. Without limitation of the foregoing, each Lender shall reimburse the Administrative Agent upon demand for its ratable share of any costs or out-of-pocket expenses (including Attorney Costs) incurred by the Administrative Agent in connection with the preparation, execution, delivery, administration, modification, amendment or enforcement (whether through negotiations, legal proceedings or otherwise) of, or legal advice in respect of rights or responsibilities under, this Credit Agreement, any other Credit Document, or any document contemplated by or referred to herein, to the extent that the Administrative Agent is not reimbursed for such expenses by or on behalf of the Credit Parties. The undertaking in this Section 10.7 shall survive termination of the Commitments, the payment of all Obligations hereunder and the resignation or replacement of the Administrative Agent. 10.8 Administrative Agent in Its Individual Capacity. Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation ("SMBC") may make loans to, issue letters of credit for the account of, accept deposits from, acquire equity interests in and generally engage in any kind of banking, trust, financial advisory, underwriting or other business with each of the Credit Parties and their respective Affiliates as though SMBC were not the Administrative Agent -65- hereunder and without notice to or consent of the Lenders. The Lenders acknowledge that, pursuant to such activities, SMBC or its Affiliates may receive information regarding any Credit Party or its Affiliates (including information that may be subject to confidentiality obligations in favor of such Credit Party or such Affiliate) and that the Administrative Agent shall be under no obligation to provide such information to them. With respect to its Loan, SMBC shall have the same rights and powers under this Credit Agreement as any other Lender and may exercise such rights and powers as though it were not the Administrative Agent, and the terms "Lender" and "Lenders" include SMBC in its individual capacity. 10.9 Successor Agent. The Administrative Agent may resign as Administrative Agent upon 30 days' notice to the Lenders. If the Administrative Agent resigns under this Credit Agreement, the Required Lenders shall appoint from among the Lenders a successor administrative agent for the Lenders which successor administrative agent (such appointment, absent the existence of an Event of Default, to be subject to the consent of the Borrower, which consent of the Borrower shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed). If no successor administrative agent is appointed prior to the effective date of the resignation of the Administrative Agent, the Administrative Agent may appoint, after consulting with the Lenders and the Borrower, a successor administrative agent from among the Lenders. Upon the acceptance of its appointment as successor administrative agent hereunder, such successor administrative agent shall succeed to all the rights, powers and duties of the retiring Administrative Agent and the term "Administrative Agent" shall mean such successor administrative agent and the retiring Administrative Agent's appointment, powers and duties as Administrative Agent shall be terminated. After any retiring Administrative Agent's resignation hereunder as Administrative Agent, the provisions of this Section 10 and Sections 11.5 and 11.10 shall continue to inure to its benefit as to any actions taken or omitted to be taken by it while it was Administrative Agent under this Credit Agreement. If no successor administrative agent has accepted appointment as Administrative Agent by the date which is 30 days following a retiring Administrative Agent's notice of resignation, the retiring Administrative Agent's resignation shall nevertheless thereupon become effective and the Lenders shall perform all of the duties of the Administrative Agent hereunder until such time, if any, as the Required Lenders appoint a successor agent as provided for above. SECTION 11 MISCELLANEOUS 11.1 Notices. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all notices and other communications shall have been duly given and shall be effective (a) when delivered, (b) when transmitted via telecopy (or other facsimile device) to the number set forth on Schedule 11.1, (c) the Business Day following the day on which the same has been delivered prepaid (or subject to an invoice arrangement) to a reputable national overnight air courier service, or (d) the third Business Day following the day on which the same is sent by certified or registered mail, postage prepaid, in each case to the respective -66- parties at the address or telecopy numbers set forth on Schedule 11.1, or at such other address as such party may specify by written notice to the other parties hereto. 11.2 Right of Set-Off. In addition to any rights now or hereafter granted under applicable law or otherwise, and not by way of limitation of any such rights, upon the occurrence of an Event of Default and the commencement of remedies described in Section 9.2, each Lender is authorized at any time and from time to time, without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind (all of which rights being hereby expressly waived), to set-off and to appropriate and apply any and all deposits (general or special) and any other indebtedness at any time held or owing by such Lender (including, without limitation, branches, agencies or Affiliates of such Lender wherever located) to or for the credit or the account of any Credit Party against obligations and liabilities of such Credit Party to the Lenders hereunder, under the Notes, the other Credit Documents or otherwise, irrespective of whether the Administrative Agent or the Lenders shall have made any demand hereunder and although such obligations, liabilities or claims, or any of them, may be contingent or unmatured, and any such set-off shall be deemed to have been made immediately upon the occurrence of an Event of Default even though such charge is made or entered on the books of such Lender subsequent thereto. The Credit Parties hereby agree that any Person purchasing a participation in the Loans and Commitments hereunder pursuant to Sections 11.3(e) or 3.8 may exercise all rights of set-off with respect to its participation interest as fully as if such Person were a Lender hereunder. 11.3 Benefit of Agreement. (a) Generally. This Credit Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of and be enforceable by the respective successors and assigns of the parties hereto; provided that none of the Credit Parties may assign and transfer any of its interests (except as permitted by Section 8.4 or 8.5) without the prior written consent of the Lenders; and provided further that the rights of each Lender to transfer, assign or grant participations in its rights and/or obligations hereunder shall be limited as set forth below in this Section 11.3. (b) Assignments. Each Lender may assign to one or more Eligible Assignees all or a portion of its rights and obligations under this Credit Agreement (including, without limitation, all or a portion of its Loans, its Notes and its Commitments); provided, however, that: (i) each such assignment shall be to an Eligible Assignee; (ii) except (A) in the case of an assignment to another Lender, (B) in the case of an assignment of all of a Lender's rights and obligations under this Credit Agreement, or (C) with the consent of the Administrative Agent and the Borrower, any such partial assignment shall be in an amount at least equal to $5,000,000 (or, if less, the remaining amount of the outstanding Term Loan, of such assigning Lender) or an integral multiple of $500,000 in excess thereof; -67- (iii) each such assignment by a Lender shall be of a constant, and not varying, percentage of all of its rights and obligations under this Credit Agreement and the Notes; and (iv) the parties to such assignment shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent for its acceptance an Assignment Agreement in substantially the form of Exhibit 11.3(b), together with a processing fee from the assignor of $3,500. Upon execution, delivery, and acceptance of such Assignment Agreement, the assignee thereunder shall be a party hereto and, to the extent of such assignment, have the obligations, rights, and benefits of a Lender hereunder and the assigning Lender shall, to the extent of such assignment, relinquish its rights and be released from its obligations under this Credit Agreement. Upon the consummation of any assignment pursuant to this Section 11.3(b), the assignor, the Administrative Agent and the Borrower shall make appropriate arrangements so that, if required or requested, new Notes are issued to the assignor and the assignee. If the assignee is a foreign corporation, foreign partnership or foreign trust within the meaning of the Code, it shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent certification as to exemption from deduction or withholding of taxes in accordance with Section 3.13. By executing and delivering an assignment agreement in accordance with this Section 11.3(b), the assigning Lender thereunder and the assignee thereunder shall be deemed to confirm to and agree with each other and the other parties hereto as follows: (A) such assigning Lender warrants that it is the legal and beneficial owner of the interest being assigned thereby free and clear of any adverse claim and the assignee warrants that it is an Eligible Assignee; (B) except as set forth in clause (A) above, such assigning Lender makes no representation or warranty and assumes no responsibility with respect to any statements, warranties or representations made in or in connection with this Credit Agreement, any of the other Credit Documents or any other instrument or document furnished pursuant hereto or thereto, or the execution, legality, validity, enforceability, genuineness, sufficiency or value of this Credit Agreement, any of the other Credit Documents or any other instrument or document furnished pursuant hereto or thereto or the financial condition of any Credit Party or the performance or observance by any Credit Party of any of its obligations under this Credit Agreement, any of the other Credit Documents or any other instrument or document furnished pursuant hereto or thereto; (C) such assignee represents and warrants that it is legally authorized to enter into such assignment agreement; (D) such assignee confirms that it has received a copy of this Credit Agreement, the other Credit Documents and such other documents and information as it has deemed appropriate to make its own credit analysis and decision to enter into such assignment agreement; (E) such assignee will independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent, such assigning Lender or any other Lender, and based on such documents and information as it shall deem appropriate at the time, continue to make its own credit decisions in taking or not taking action under this Credit Agreement and the other Credit Documents; (F) such assignee appoints and authorizes the Administrative Agent to take such action on its behalf and to -68- exercise such powers under this Credit Agreement or any other Credit Document as are delegated to the Administrative Agent by the terms hereof or thereof, together with such powers as are reasonably incidental thereto; and (G) such assignee agrees that it will perform in accordance with their terms all the obligations which by the terms of this Credit Agreement and the other Credit Documents are required to be performed by it as a Lender. (c) Register. The Administrative Agent shall maintain a copy of each Assignment Agreement delivered to and accepted by it and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Lenders and the Commitment of, and principal amount of the Loans owing to, each Lender from time to time (the "Register"). The entries in the Register shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes, absent manifest error, and the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders may treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register as a Lender hereunder for all purposes of this Credit Agreement. The Register shall be available for inspection by the Borrower or any Lender at any reasonable time and from time to time upon reasonable prior notice. (d) Acceptance. Upon its receipt of an Assignment Agreement executed by the parties thereto, together with any Note subject to such assignment and payment of the processing fee, the Administrative Agent shall, if such Assignment Agreement has been completed and is in substantially the form of Exhibit 11.3(b), (i) accept such Assignment Agreement, (ii) record the information contained therein in the Register and (iii) give prompt notice thereof to the parties thereto. (e) Participations. Each Lender may sell participations to one or more Persons in all or a portion of its rights, obligations or rights and obligations under this Credit Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitment and its Loans); provided, however, that (i) such Lender's obligations under this Credit Agreement shall remain unchanged, (ii) such Lender shall remain solely responsible to the other parties hereto for the performance of such obligations, (iii) the participant shall be entitled to the benefit of the yield protection provisions contained in Sections 3.9 through 3.15, inclusive (but not for a greater amount than the Lender would be entitled to), and of the right of set-off contained in Section 11.2, (iv) the Borrower shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with such Lender's rights and obligations under this Credit Agreement, and (v) such Lender shall retain the sole right to enforce the obligations of the Borrower relating to its Loans and its Notes and to approve any amendment, modification, or waiver of any provision of this Credit Agreement (other than amendments, modifications, or waivers decreasing the amount of principal of or the rate at which interest is payable on such Loans or Notes, extending any scheduled principal payment date or date fixed for the payment of interest on such Loans or Notes, extending its Commitment or releasing the Borrower or all or substantially all of the Guarantors from its or their respective obligations under the Credit Documents). (f) Unrestricted Assignments. Notwithstanding any other provision set forth in this Credit Agreement, any Lender may at any time (i) assign and pledge all or any portion of its Loans and its Notes to any Federal Reserve Bank as collateral security pursuant to Regulation A and any Operating Circular issued by such Federal Reserve -69- Bank or (ii) pledge all or any portion of its rights (but not its obligations to make Loans hereunder to any trustee or holders of obligations owed, or securities issued, by such Lender as security for such obligations or securities or to any other representative of such holders; provided that such trustee or holder shall not have the right to become a Lender hereunder. No such assignment shall release the assigning Lender from its obligations hereunder. (g) Information. Any Lender may furnish any information concerning the Borrower or any of its Subsidiaries in the possession of such Lender from time to time to assignees and participants (including prospective assignees and participants), subject, however, to the provisions of Section 11.15. (h) CLO's. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, any Lender, (a "Granting Lender") may grant to a special purpose funding vehicle (an "SPC") the option to fund all or any part of any Loan that such Granting Lender would otherwise be obligated to fund pursuant to this Credit Agreement; provided that (i) nothing herein shall constitute a commitment by any SPC to fund any Loan, (ii) if an SPC elects not to exercise such option or otherwise fails to fund all or any part of such Loan, the Granting Lender shall be obligated to fund such Loan pursuant to the terms hereof, (iii) no SPC shall have any voting rights pursuant to Section 11.6 and (iv) with respect to notices, payments and other matters hereunder, the Credit Parties, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall not be obligated to deal with an SPC, but may limit their communications and other dealings relevant to such SPC to the applicable Granting Lender. The funding of a Loan by an SPC hereunder shall utilize the Loan Commitment of the Granting Lender to the same extent that, and as if, such Loan were funded by such Granting Lender. Each party hereto hereby agrees that no SPC shall be liable for any indemnity or payment under this Credit Agreement for which a Lender would otherwise be liable for so long as, and to the extent, the Granting Lender provides such indemnity or makes such payment. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Credit Agreement, any SPC may disclose on a confidential basis any non-public information relating to its funding of Loans to any rating agency, commercial paper dealer or provider of any surety or guarantee to such SPC. This clause (h) may not be amended without the prior written consent of each Granting Lender, all or any part of whose Loan is being funded by an SPC at the time of such amendment. 11.4 No Waiver; Remedies Cumulative. No failure or delay on the part of the Administrative Agent or any Lender in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder or under any other Credit Document and no course of dealing between the Borrower or any Credit Party and the Administrative Agent or any Lender shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege hereunder or under any other Credit Document preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege hereunder or thereunder. The rights and remedies provided herein are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights or remedies which the Administrative Agent or any Lender would otherwise have. No notice to or demand on any Credit Party in any case shall entitle any Credit Party to any other or further notice or demand in similar or -70- other circumstances or constitute a waiver of the rights of the Administrative Agent or the Lenders to any other or further action in any circumstances without notice or demand. 11.5 Payment of Expenses; Indemnification. The Borrower agrees to: (a) pay all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders in connection with (A) enforcement of the Credit Documents and the documents and instruments referred to therein, including, without limitation, in connection with any such enforcement, the reasonable Attorneys' Costs of the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders and (B) any bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding of any Credit Party, and (b) indemnify the Administrative Agent and each Lender, its officers, directors, employees, representatives, counsel and agents from and hold each of them harmless against any and all losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses incurred by any of them as a result of, or arising out of, or in any way related to, or by reason of, any investigation, litigation or other proceeding (whether or not the Administrative Agent or any Lender is a party thereto) related to the entering into and/or performance of any Credit Document or the use of proceeds of any Loans (including other extensions of credit) hereunder or the consummation of any other transactions contemplated in any Credit Document, including, without limitation, reasonable Attorneys' Costs incurred in connection with any such investigation, litigation or other proceeding (but excluding any such losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses to the extent incurred by reason of gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the Person to be indemnified), (all of the foregoing, collectively, "Indemnified Liabilities"). The agreements in this Section 11.5 shall survive the termination of the Commitments and the repayment of the Credit Party Obligations. 11.6 Amendments, Waivers and Consents. So long as the Initial Lender is the sole Lender under this Agreement and is party to the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement, any amendment to the covenants of the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement adopted in accordance with the terms thereof and to which the Initial Lender shall have consented in its capacity as party to the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement, shall represent the Initial Lender's consent to amend this Agreement in a corresponding manner. It is agreed that, if lenders party to the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement receive any fee in connection with any such amendment, the Initial Lender shall receive a fee with respect to the foregoing amendment of this Agreement, which shall be calculated in the same manner as the fees received by the lenders parties to the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement in connection with such amendment. If the Initial Lender participates as a lender in a facility that replaces the 2001 Senior Credit Agreement (a "Replacement Facility"), such participation shall represent its agreement to amend this Agreement to conform to the covenants of such Replacement Facility, and the Initial Lender agrees that it shall not be entitled to fees commensurate with those paid to lenders in the Replacement Facility in connection with such conforming amendment to this facility. The Initial Lender (or the Administrative Agent if the Initial Lender is not the sole Lender under this facility) agrees to use its best efforts to limit the cost to the Borrower of documenting any and all amendments hereto, including the use of its internal legal counsel to prepare documentation when feasible. In all other cases, neither this Credit Agreement nor any other Credit Document nor any of the terms hereof or thereof may be amended, changed, waived, discharged or terminated unless such amendment, change, waiver, discharge or termination is in writing and signed by the Required Lenders and the then Credit Parties; provided that no such -71- amendment, change, waiver, discharge or termination shall without the consent of each Lender affected thereby: (a) extend the Maturity Date or extend or postpone the time for any payment or prepayment of principal; (b) reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest (other than as a result of waiving the applicability of any post-default increase in interest rates) thereon or fees hereunder; (c) reduce or waive the principal amount of any Loan; (d) increase or extend the Commitment of a Lender (it being understood and agreed that a waiver of any Default or Event of Default shall not constitute a change in the terms of any Commitment of any Lender); (e) release the Borrower from its obligations or consent to the assignment or transfer by the Borrower of any of its rights and obligations under (or in respect of) the Credit Documents or release all or substantially all of the Guarantors from their respective obligations under the Credit Documents; (f) amend, modify or waive any provision of this Section 11.6 or Sections 3.7, 3.8, 5.2, 9.1(a), 11.2, 11.3 or 11.5; or (g) reduce any percentage specified in, or otherwise modify, the definition of Required Lenders. Notwithstanding the above, no provisions of Section 10 or Section 3.4 may be amended or modified without the consent of the Administrative Agent. Notwithstanding the fact that the consent of all the Lenders is required in certain circumstances as set forth above, (x) each Lender is entitled to vote as such Lender sees fit on any reorganization plan that affects the Loans and each Lender acknowledges that the provisions of Section 1126(c) of the Bankruptcy Code supersedes the unanimous consent provisions set forth herein and (y) the Required Lenders may consent to allow a Credit Party to use cash collateral in the context of a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding. 11.7 Counterparts/Telecopy. This Credit Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered shall be an original, but all of which shall constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of executed counterparts by telecopy shall be as effective as an original and shall constitute a representation that an original will be delivered. -72- 11.8 Headings. The headings of the sections and subsections hereof are provided for convenience only and shall not in any way affect the meaning or construction of any provision of this Credit Agreement. 11.9 Defaulting Lender. Each Lender understands and agrees that if such Lender is a Defaulting Lender then notwithstanding the provisions of Section 11.6 it shall not be entitled to vote on any matter requiring the consent of the Required Lenders or to object to any matter requiring the consent of all the Lenders; provided, however, that all other benefits and obligations under the Credit Documents shall apply to such Defaulting Lender. 11.10 Survival of Indemnification. All indemnities set forth herein shall survive the execution and delivery of this Credit Agreement, the making of the Loans, the repayment of the Loans and other obligations and the termination of the Commitments hereunder. 11.11 Governing Law; Venue; Jurisdiction. (a) THIS CREDIT AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER CREDIT DOCUMENTS AND THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES HEREUNDER AND THEREUNDER SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED AND INTERPRETED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK. Any legal action or proceeding with respect to this Credit Agreement or any other Credit Document may be brought in the courts of the State of New York or of the United States sitting in New York City, and, by execution and delivery of this Credit Agreement, each Credit Party hereby irrevocably accepts for itself and in respect of its Property, generally and unconditionally, the jurisdiction of such courts. Each Credit Party irrevocably consents to the service of process in any action or proceeding with respect to this Credit Agreement or any other Credit Document by the mailing of copies thereof by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, to it at the address for notices pursuant to Section 11.1, such service to become effective 10 days after such mailing. Nothing herein shall affect the right of a Lender to serve process in any other manner permitted by law or to commence legal proceedings or otherwise proceed against a Credit Party in any other jurisdiction. Each Credit Party agrees that a final judgment in any action or proceeding shall be conclusive and may be enforced in other jurisdictions by suit on the judgment or in any other manner provided by law; provided that nothing in this Section 11.11(a) is intended to impair a Credit Party's right under applicable law to appeal or seek a stay of any judgment. (b) Each Credit Party hereby irrevocably waives any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any of the aforesaid actions or proceedings arising out of or in connection with this Credit Agreement or any other Credit Document in the courts referred to in subsection (a) hereof and hereby further irrevocably waives and -73- agrees not to plead or claim in any such court that any such action or proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum. 11.12 Waiver of Jury Trial; Waiver of Consequential Damages. EACH OF THE PARTIES TO THIS CREDIT AGREEMENT HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS CREDIT AGREEMENT, ANY OF THE OTHER CREDIT DOCUMENTS OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY. Each Credit Party agrees not to assert any claim against the Administrative Agent, any Lender, any of their Affiliates, or any of their respective directors, officers, employees, attorneys or agents, on any theory of liability, for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages arising out of or otherwise relating to any of the transactions contemplated herein. 11.13 Severability. If any provision of any of the Credit Documents is determined to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable, such provision shall be fully severable and the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect and shall be construed without giving effect to the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provisions. 11.14 Further Assurances. The Credit Parties agree, upon the request of the Administrative Agent, to promptly take such actions, as reasonably requested, as is necessary to carry out the intent of this Credit Agreement and the other Credit Documents. 11.15 Confidentiality. Each Lender agrees that it will use its reasonable best efforts to keep confidential and to cause any representative designated under Section 7.11 to keep confidential any non-public information from time to time supplied to it under any Credit Document; provided, however, that nothing herein shall prevent the disclosure of any such information to (a) the extent a Lender in good faith believes such disclosure is required by Requirement of Law, (b) counsel for a Lender or to its accountants, (c) bank examiners or auditors or comparable Persons, (d) any Affiliate of a Lender, (e) any other Lender, or any assignee, transferee or participant, or any potential assignee, transferee or participant, of all or any portion of any Lender's rights under this Credit Agreement who is notified of the confidential nature of the information or (f) any other Person in connection with any litigation to which any one or more of the Lenders is a party if required by a court of law of competent jurisdiction or (g) that a Lender may disclose (without limitation) the tax treatment and tax structure of this financing and any materials provided to any Lender relating to such tax treatment or tax structure. No Lender shall have any obligation under this Section 11.15 to the extent any such information becomes available on a non-confidential basis from a source other than a Credit Party or that any information becomes publicly available other than by a breach of this Section 11.15 by any Lender or representative thereof. -74- 11.16 Entirety. This Credit Agreement together with the other Credit Documents represents the entire agreement of the parties hereto and thereto, and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, if any, including any commitment letters or correspondence relating to the Credit Documents or the transactions contemplated herein and therein. 11.17 Binding Effect; Continuing Agreement. (a) This Credit Agreement shall become effective at such time when all of the conditions set forth in Section 5.1 have been satisfied or waived by the Lenders and it shall have been executed by the Borrower, the Guarantors and the Administrative Agent, and the Administrative Agent shall have received copies hereof (telefaxed or otherwise) which, when taken together, bear the signatures of each Lender, and thereafter this Credit Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Borrower, the Guarantors, the Administrative Agent and each Lender and their respective successors and assigns. (b) This Credit Agreement shall be a continuing agreement and shall remain in full force and effect until all Loans, interest, fees and other Credit Party Obligations have been paid in full and the Commitments have been terminated. Upon termination, the Credit Parties shall have no further obligations (other than the indemnification provisions that survive) under the Credit Documents; provided that should any payment, in whole or in part, of the Credit Party Obligations be rescinded or otherwise required to be restored or returned by the Administrative Agent or any Lender, whether as a result of any proceedings in bankruptcy or reorganization or otherwise, then the Credit Documents shall automatically be reinstated and all amounts required to be restored or returned and all costs and expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent or any Lender in connection therewith shall be deemed included as part of the Credit Party Obligations. -75- Each of the parties hereto has caused a counterpart of this Credit Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the date first above written. BORROWER: QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED, a Delaware corporation By: /s/ Joseph P. Manory ------------------------------------------- Name: Joseph P. Manory Title: Vice President and Treasurer GUARANTORS: QUEST DIAGNOSTICS HOLDINGS INCORPORATED, a Delaware corporation QUEST DIAGNOSTICS CLINICAL LABORATORIES, INC., a Delaware corporation QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED, a California corporation QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED, a Maryland corporation QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED, a Michigan corporation QUEST DIAGNOSTICS OF PENNSYLVANIA, INC., a Delaware corporation METWEST, INC., a Delaware corporation NICHOLS INSTITUTE DIAGNOSTICS, a California corporation DPD HOLDINGS, INC., a Delaware corporation DIAGNOSTICS REFERENCE SERVICES INC., a Maryland corporation AMERICAN MEDICAL LABORATORIES, INCORPORATED, a Delaware corporation AML INC., a Delaware corporation QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED (NV), a Nevada corporation QUEST DIAGNOSTICHOLS INSTITUTE, INC., f/k/a /MEDICAL LABORATORIES CORPORATION, a Virginia corporation QUEST DIAGNOSTICS LLC, an Illinois limited liability company QUEST DIAGNOSTICS LLC, a Connecticut limited liability company QUEST DIAGNOSTICS LLC, a Massachusetts limited liability company APL PROPERTIES LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY a Nevada limited liability company UNILAB ACQUISITION CORPORATION, A Delaware corporation UNILAB CORPORATION, A Delaware corporation By: /s/ Joseph P. Manory ------------------------------------------- Name: Joseph P. Manory Title: Vice President and Treasurer Of each of the Above Guarantors QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INVESTMENTS INCORPORATED, a Delaware corporation By: /s/ Stephen A. Calamari ------------------------------------------- Name: Stephen A. Calamari Title: Treasurer QUEST DIAGNOSTICS FINANCE INCORPORATED, a Delaware corporation By: /s/ Stephen A. Calamari ------------------------------------------- Name: Stephen A. Calamari Title: Treasurer PATHOLOGY BUILDING PARTNERSHIP, A Maryland general partnership By: Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, a Maryland Corporation, its general partner By: /s/ Joseph P. Manory ------------------------------------------- Name: Joseph P. Manory Title: Vice President and Treasurer ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND INITIAL LENDER: SUMITOMO MITSUI BANKING CORPORATION By: /s/ Robert H. Riley III ------------------------------------------- Name: Robert H. Riley III Title: Senior Vice President
EX-10 5 ex10-33.txt EXHIBIT 10.33 Exhibit 10.33 Employment Agreement Between Surya N. Mohapatra and Quest Diagnostics Incorporated Dated as of November 9, 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page ---- 1. Employment...............................................................................................2 2. Employment Term..........................................................................................2 (a) Term............................................................................................2 (b) Agreement terminated under certain circumstances on or before December 31, 2003.................3 3. Duties...................................................................................................3 4. Place of Performance.....................................................................................4 5. Cash Compensation........................................................................................4 (a) Base Salary.....................................................................................4 (b) Annual Bonus....................................................................................5 (c) Deferral........................................................................................5 (d) Incentive Award Modifications...................................................................5 6. Equity Awards............................................................................................6 (a) Option Grant....................................................................................6 (b) Additional Compensation.........................................................................7 (c) Restrictions on Option Shares...................................................................8 7. Employee Benefits........................................................................................9 (a) General Provisions..............................................................................9 (b) Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan..........................................................9 (c) Vacation and Sick Leave........................................................................10 8. Applicable Taxes........................................................................................10 9. Miscellaneous Benefits..................................................................................10 (a) Business Travel and Expenses...................................................................10 (b) Executive Driver...............................................................................10
(c) Relocation Expenses............................................................................11 (d) Non-Exclusivity................................................................................11 10. Termination of Employment...............................................................................11 (a) Termination by the Company for Cause...........................................................11 (b) Disability.....................................................................................12 (c) Death..........................................................................................13 (d) Termination by the Executive for Good Reason...................................................13 (e) Other Terminations.............................................................................16 (f) Notice of Termination..........................................................................16 (g) Resignation....................................................................................17 11. Compensation upon Termination or During Disability......................................................17 (a) Disability.....................................................................................17 (b) Death..........................................................................................18 (c) Termination for Cause; Termination by the Executive other than for Good Reason or Disability...19 (d) Termination Resulting from Non-Renewal of this Agreement.......................................20 (e) All Other Terminations.........................................................................21 (f) Other Severance Provisions.....................................................................23 (g) Change in Control Protections and Excise Tax Gross-Up..........................................23 (h) Change in Control..............................................................................25 12. Non-Solicitation and Non-Competition....................................................................28 (a) Term of Non-Compete............................................................................28 (b) Term of Non-Solicitation of Customers..........................................................29 (c) Term of Non-Solicitation of Employees..........................................................29 (d) Term of Non Compete, Non Solicitation Automatically Extended...................................29 (e) Definitions Applicable to Section 12...........................................................29
ii
(f) Expedited Arbitration Applicable to Section 12.................................................30 (g) Exclusive Property.............................................................................30 (h) Injunctive Relief..............................................................................31 13. Arbitration.............................................................................................32 14. Confidentiality.........................................................................................32 15. Other Matters...........................................................................................33 (a) Entire Agreement...............................................................................33 (b) Assignment.....................................................................................34 (c) Notices........................................................................................34 (d) Amendment/Waiver...............................................................................34 (e) Applicable Law.................................................................................34 (f) Severability...................................................................................34 (g) Successor in Interest..........................................................................35 (h) No Mitigation/No Offset........................................................................35 (i) Joint Participation in Drafting................................................................36 16. Indemnification.........................................................................................36 17. Authority...............................................................................................36
iii Execution Copy Employment Agreement Between Surya N. Mohapatra and Quest Diagnostics Incorporated This EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the "Agreement") is entered into as of November 9, 2003 (the "Effective Date"), between QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED (the "Company"), a Delaware corporation having its principal place of business at One Malcolm Avenue, Teterboro, NJ 07608, and SURYA N. MOHAPATRA (the "Executive"). WHEREAS, the Executive has been heretofore employed by the Company as President and Chief Operating Officer; and WHEREAS, the Company considers the services of the Executive to be unique and essential to the success of the Company's business; and WHEREAS the Company and the Executive had previously entered into a letter agreement dated January 15, 1999 ("Letter Agreement"); and WHEREAS, the Company and the Executive now wish to enter into this Agreement on the terms and conditions set forth herein, and which, except as otherwise provided herein, shall constitute the sole and exclusive agreement as of the Effective Date relating to the employment of the Executive by the Company. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises, the mutual covenants, terms and conditions set forth herein, and other valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, it is hereby agreed between the Company and the Executive that his existing agreement shall be amended and modified in its entirety as follows: 1 1. Employment. The Company shall continue to employ the Executive in a full-time capacity in the positions set forth in this paragraph, and the Executive shall accept such employment upon the terms and conditions set forth herein. Until the CEO Succession Date (as hereinafter defined), such employment shall be in the capacity of President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company, and as a member of the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board"). On or immediately following the Effective Date, the Company shall announce that the Executive will become President and Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") of the Company as the Board may determine, provided that the Executive shall become CEO no later than the Company's Annual Meeting of Shareholders in 2004 (or May 31, 2004, whichever is earlier) (the "CEO Succession Date"). On and following the CEO Succession Date, the Executive's employment shall be in the capacity of President and CEO, reporting directly to the Board, and it is the intention of the parties that he shall serve as a member of the Board throughout the Employment Term (as hereinafter defined). The Board shall nominate the Executive as a Director of the Company and shall use its best efforts to have the Executive elected and re-elected to the Board for the duration of the Employment Term. 2. Employment Term. (a) Term. The term of Executive's employment under this Agreement shall commence as of January 1, 2004 and continue until December 31, 2006 (the "Employment Term"). Subject to 6 (six) months written notice of non-renewal by either party to the other, this Agreement will be automatically renewed for successive one-year terms, after December 31, 2006. For purposes of this Agreement, the "Employment Term" shall mean the period from January 1, 2004 2 to the earlier to occur of (i) the scheduled expiration of the Employment Term, including any extension thereof, or (ii) the termination of the Executive's employment in accordance herewith. (b) Agreement terminated under certain circumstances on or before December 31, 2003. If Executive's employment is terminated for any reason on or prior to December 31, 2003, the Executive shall have no rights under this Agreement which shall be deemed null and void and of no force or effect, but Executive shall retain all rights granted to him under the Letter Agreement. 3. Duties. From the CEO Succession Date through the end of the Employment Term, the Executive shall, subject to the supervising powers of the Board, have those powers and duties consistent with the position of President and Chief Executive Officer in a company the size and nature of the Company, which powers shall in all cases include, without limitation, the power of supervision and control over, and responsibility for, the general management and operations of the Company (including the hiring and firing of employees and the appointment and termination of senior officers), development and implementation of a comprehensive strategic business plan, supervision of the day-to-day executive management process, and acting as spokesperson for the Company. All senior officers and other officers with direct operational responsibilities shall report directly to the Executive unless the Executive in his sole discretion delegates such reporting responsibilities, in whole or in part, to another executive. It is the intention of the parties that the provisions of this Section 3 shall be applied in a manner consistent with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended from time to time. The Executive shall actively participate in the selection process but shall not have the power to veto the 3 Board's appointment, if it decides to make such appointment, of a non-executive Chairman from time to time, which non-executive Chairman shall be responsible for presiding over the Board and meetings of shareholders. Upon the Executive becoming CEO, the Chairman of the Board shall not be assigned or delegated duties that are preserved to the Executive pursuant to this Section 3. Executive agrees to devote substantially all his working time and attention to the business of the Company. The Executive shall not, without the prior consent of the Company's Board of Directors, be directly or indirectly engaged in any other trade, business or occupation for compensation requiring his personal services during the Employment Term. Nothing in this Agreement shall preclude the Executive from (i) engaging in charitable and community activities or from managing his personal investments, or (ii) serving as a member of the board of directors of an unaffiliated company not in competition with the Company, subject, however, with respect to each such board membership, to approval by the Company's Board (not to be unreasonably withheld). During the Employment Term, the Executive shall be nominated for re-election as a member of the Board of Directors. 4. Place of Performance. The principal place of employment of the Executive shall be at the Company's principal executive offices in Teterboro, New Jersey; Lyndhurst, New Jersey; or New York, New York. 5. Cash Compensation. Executive shall be compensated for services rendered during the Employment Term as follows: (a) Base Salary. During the Employment Term commencing January 1, 2004, Executive shall be compensated at an annual base salary of no less than $875,000 (the base salary, at the rate in effect from time to time, is hereinafter referred to as 4 the "Base Salary"). The Board, or a committee thereof, shall review and may, if appropriate, at its discretion, increase (but not decrease) the annual Base Salary during the Employment Term. Base Salary shall be reviewed annually and be adjusted to reflect (among other factors) increases generally granted to other senior executives of the Company and Executive's performance consistent with Company pay practices. The Base Salary shall be payable in equal bi-weekly installments. (b) Annual Bonus. In addition to the Base Salary provided for in Section 5(a) above, the Company will provide annual cash bonus awards to Executive under its Management Incentive Plan (MIP) in accordance with the plan and any financial performance targets thereunder ("Annual Bonus") each year during the Employment Term. During the Employment Term commencing January 1, 2004, Executive's target incentive opportunity under the Company's MIP will be no less than 120% of Base Salary (the target bonus as a percentage of Base Salary, as in effect from time to time, is hereinafter referred to as the "Target Bonus"). The Target Bonus as a percentage of Base Salary shall be reviewed annually for increase (but not decrease) by the Board or a committee thereof. (c) Deferral. Pursuant to the terms of the Company's Supplemental Deferred Compensation Plan ("SDCP"), the Executive may elect to defer from payments of Base Salary and Annual Bonus and any other eligible compensation amounts as provided for under the SDCP. (d) Incentive Award Modifications. Any equity and option awards made to the Executive on or prior to the Effective Date and any equity and option awards that 5 may be made to the Executive during the Employment Term shall be subject to, and shall benefit from, any amendments or revisions to the terms and conditions of any of the Company's Incentive Compensation Programs (including, without limitation, any action resulting in extended exercise periods) that may be implemented on or after the Effective Date. 6. Equity Awards. (a) Option Grant. (i) On or about the February 19, 2004 meeting of the Company's Board of Directors (the "Option Grant Date"), except as noted below, the Executive shall be awarded options to purchase a total of 170,000 (one hundred seventy thousand) shares of the Company's common stock (the "Option Shares") at an exercise price equal to the average of the quoted high and low price per share of such common stock on the date of the award (the "Option Grant"). Except as otherwise provided herein, such options shall be granted in accordance with those provisions (including exercisability) established by the Board of Directors at the time such option is granted and applicable to other senior executives of the Company. (ii) Subject to Section 6(a)(v), the Option Shares shall vest as to 1/3rd thereof on each anniversary of the Option Grant Date, provided, that (A) on the applicable vesting date, the Executive is then still in the employ of the Company, or (B) the provisions of Section 11(g)(i) apply; (iii) If the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company for Cause or by the Executive without Good Reason or upon his death or Disability, in 6 each case on or prior to the Option Grant Date, the Executive shall have no right to any part of the Option Grant but shall retain all option rights granted to him under the Letter Agreement and other stock options grants. If the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company without Cause or by the Executive for Good Reason or if there is a Change in Control (as hereinafter defined), in each case on or prior to the Option Grant Date, the Option Grant and the Option Grant Date shall be deemed to occur immediately prior to the Date of Termination or the Change in Control, as the case may be, and the Option Shares as so granted shall be treated in accordance with this Section 6(a), including clause (v) hereof. (iv) Except as otherwise provided for in this Agreement, vested Option Shares may not be exercised after the expiration of the 10-year term of applicable Option Agreement. (v) In the event that the Executive's employment is terminated by the Company without Cause or by the Executive for Good Reason or upon the Executive's death or Disability, or if the Executive is receiving severance pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof (for non-renewal of the Employment Term), the Option Shares shall be treated in accordance with the applicable termination provision of Section 11 relating to the treatment of stock options upon such termination. (b) Additional Compensation. Executive may be awarded additional compensation pursuant to the present or any future incentive compensation or long-term compensation program established for the senior executive officers of the 7 Company, with the exception of any such program established for the exclusive benefit of Kenneth W. Freeman (collectively the "Incentive Compensation Programs"), in an appropriate manner for the position occupied by the Executive and his performance therein relative to other Company senior executive officers, with the exception of Kenneth W. Freeman, and consistent with Company pay practices, provided that in all events the Executive shall be treated on a basis no less favorable than other senior executives are treated (with the exception of Kenneth W. Freeman). Except as otherwise provided herein, compensation granted under such plans will be subject to the actual provisions and conditions applicable to such plans. (c) Restrictions on Option Shares. The Executive agrees in respect of the Option Shares that he shall not (i) sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any Option Shares or any interest therein other than in compliance with the Company's 1999 Employee Equity Participation Program, the stock option agreement between the Company and Executive relating to such Option Shares, and the Company's Policy for Purchasing and Selling Securities, (ii) enter into any transaction that is expected to result in a financial benefit arising from a decline in the value of the Company's stock or (iii) enter into any hedging transactions, including, but not limited to the use of financial derivatives, short sales or any other similar transactions, without the prior written consent of the Board of Directors, in each case with respect to Subsections (i), (ii) and (iii) until the Option Shares are vested to the fullest extent provided for under this Agreement, and all restrictions against exercise of such Option Shares have expired or been terminated. 8 7. Employee Benefits. (a) General Provisions. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, the Executive shall be eligible to participate in all employee benefit and welfare plans offered by the Company to its senior executive officers (e.g., Life Insurance, Medical & Dental Insurance, Travel, Accident, STD & LTD, Flexible Spending Accounts, Regular and Supplemental AD&D, Optional/Supplemental Life Insurance, Profit Sharing, the 401(k) Plan and Employee Stock Purchase Plan) (collectively referred to as the "Benefit Plans") on a basis that is no less favorable to the Executive than that made available to other senior executive officers, with the exception of Kenneth W. Freeman, of the Company, provided that the Executive shall be reimbursed for the costs of his annual participation in a comprehensive executive health assessment at a leading medical institution of his choice. (b) Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan. A Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan ("SERP") will be developed and made available to the Executive prior to the end of 2004. The SERP is intended to provide an enhanced benefit to the Executive should he leave the Company after 8 full years of service, taking into account the time the Executive has heretofore been employed by the Company, provided that if the Executive's employment is terminated for any reason (other than by the Company for Cause or by the Executive other than for Good Reason or Disability) prior to the Executive obtaining 8 full years of service, the Executive shall be deemed to have obtained 8 full years of services immediately prior to the Date of Termination. Details of the SERP will be communicated to 9 the Executive when the SERP is finalized and approved by the Board of Directors. The Board intends to make the SERP reasonable in value and expense, and tax efficient. (c) Vacation and Sick Leave. The Executive shall be entitled to vacation and sick leave in accordance with the vacation and sick leave policies adopted by the Company from time to time, provided that the Executive shall be entitled to no less than five (5) weeks of paid vacation each calendar year. Any vacation shall be at such time and for such periods as shall be mutually agreed upon between the Executive and the Company. The Executive shall be entitled to all public holidays observed by the Company. 8. Applicable Taxes. There shall be deducted from any compensation payments made under this Agreement any federal, state, and local taxes or other amounts required to be withheld under applicable law. 9. Miscellaneous Benefits. During the Employment Term, the Executive shall be entitled to perquisites at least as favorable as those provided other senior executives of the Company. In all events, the Company shall provide the Executive with the following additional benefits: (a) Business Travel and Expenses. Executive shall be reimbursed by the Company for reasonable and other business expenses, as approved by the Company, that are incurred and accounted for in accordance with the Company's normal practices and procedures for reimbursement of expenses. (b) Executive Driver. In order to ensure the accessibility and safety of the Executive during the Employment Term, the Company will reimburse the Executive for the 10 costs of an executive driver for business purposes only (including transportation to and from work). The Company shall directly cover the costs of all other business-related transportation. (c) Relocation Expenses. The Company shall reimburse the Executive limited relocation expenses, to include home sale, purchase and moving expenses, but not including third party buy-out of existing residence, in accordance with the Company's relocation policy if the Executive moves within the greater New York/New Jersey area prior to the expiration of the initial Employment Term on December 31, 2006. (d) Non-Exclusivity. Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent the Executive from being entitled to receive any additional compensation or benefits as approved by the Company's Board of Directors; provided, however, that in no event shall the Company make any loans to Executive that are in violation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as such act may be amended or supplemented from time to time, and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission promulgated thereunder. 10. Termination of Employment. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement to the contrary, the employment of the Executive pursuant to this Agreement may be terminated as follows: (a) Termination by the Company for Cause. Executive may be terminated for "Cause" by the Company as provided below. As used herein, the term "Cause" shall mean (i) conviction of the Executive for a felony; or (ii) the commission by the Executive of fraud or theft against, or embezzlement from, the Company. For 11 purposes of this section, no act or failure to act on Executive's part shall be considered to be reason for termination for Cause if done, or omitted to be done, by Executive in good faith and with the reasonable belief that the action or omission was in the best interests of the Company. Cause shall not exist unless and until there shall have been delivered to the Executive a copy of a resolution, duly adopted by the affirmative vote of not less than two thirds of the entire membership of the Board at a meeting of the Board held for the purpose (after no less than ten (10) days' prior written notice to the Executive of such meeting and the purpose thereof and an opportunity for him, together with his counsel, to be heard before the Board at such meeting), of finding that in the good faith opinion of the Board, the Executive was guilty of the conduct set forth above in this Section 10(a) and specifying the particulars thereof in detail. The Date of Termination shall be the date the Board resolution specified herein is delivered to the Executive. Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, if, following a termination of the Executive's employment by the Company for Cause based upon the conviction of the Executive for a felony, such conviction is overturned in a final determination on appeal, the Executive shall be entitled to the payments and the economic equivalent of the benefits the Executive would have received if his employment had been terminated by the Company without Cause. (b) Disability. The Executive's employment may be terminated by the Company or the Executive upon the Executive's Disability. For purposes of this Agreement, "Disability" shall mean the Executive's inability, due to physical or mental incapacity, to substantially perform his duties for the Company for a period 12 exceeding 120 consecutive days. Any question as to the existence of the Disability of Executive as to which Executive (or his guardian) and the Company cannot agree shall be determined in writing by a qualified independent physician mutually acceptable to Executive (or his guardian) and the Company. If Executive (or his guardian) and the Company cannot agree as to a qualified independent physician, each shall appoint a physician and those two physicians shall select a third who shall make such determination in writing. The determination of Disability made by such medical doctor in writing to the Company and Executive (or his guardian) shall be final and conclusive for all purposes of the Agreement and the Date of Termination shall be the date the notice of such determination is delivered to the Executive. (c) Death. The Executive's employment shall terminate upon his death, and the date of his death shall be the Date of Termination for purposes of this Agreement. (d) Termination by the Executive for Good Reason. The Executive may terminate his employment hereunder for "Good Reason," provided that the Executive shall have delivered a Notice of Termination within ninety (90) days after the occurrence of the event of Good Reason giving rise to such termination. For purposes of this Agreement, "Good Reason" shall not mean a termination resulting from non-renewal of this Agreement. "Good Reason" shall mean the occurrence of one or more of the following circumstances, without the Executive's express written consent (except in the case of a Change in Control as provided in Section 10(d)(viii) hereof), and which are not remedied by the Company within thirty (30) 13 days of receipt of the Executive's Notice of Termination except in the event of a Change in Control or a resignation pursuant to clause (x) herein: (i) an assignment to the Executive of any duties materially inconsistent with his position, duties, responsibilities, and status with the Company, or any material limitation of the powers of the Executive not consistent with the powers of the Executive contemplated by Section 3 hereof; (ii) any removal of the Executive from, or any failure to appoint or elect, or re-elect, the Executive to any position specified in Section 1 of this Agreement (subject to the last sentence of Section 1); (iii) any change of the Executive's title(s) as specified in Section 1 of this Agreement; (iv) the Company's requiring the Executive, without his written consent, to be based at any office or location more than 75 miles commuting distance from the locations referred to in Section 4 of this Agreement; (v) a reduction in the Executive's Base Salary or Annual Bonus target incentive opportunity as in effect from time to time, without his written consent; (vi) the failure of the Company to continue in effect any material Benefit Plan that was in effect on the Effective Date or provide the Executive with substantially equivalent benefits without his written consent; (vii) any other material breach by the Company of this Agreement; (viii) "Change in Control" as defined in Section 11(h) of this Agreement (whether or not the Executive consents to such Change in Control). 14 (ix) the failure to appoint the Executive as Chief Executive Officer of the Company no later than the 2004 Annual Meeting of Shareholders or May 31, 2004 (whichever is earlier); (x) the occurrence of an irreconcilable difference with the non-executive Chairman of the Board of Directors (should such position be established) such that the Executive is unable to effectively carry out the duties and responsibilities undertaken by him under this Agreement or as may hereafter be delegated to him by the Company's Board of Directors consistent with his duties as set forth in Section 3 hereof. For purposes of this section, the Executive shall not have Good Reason to resign unless he, in good faith and with the reasonable and good faith belief that the circumstances giving rise to such irreconcilable differences are not capable of resolution, provides written notice to the Board giving full details of the nature and circumstances of the differences and what steps, if any, have been taken to ameliorate such irreconcilable differences and the Board fails to fully cure such irreconcilable differences in a manner reasonably satisfactory to the Executive within 30 days of receipt of such written notice. If the Executive, acting in good faith, is dissatisfied with the manner in which the Board has attempted to cure the differences, a meeting of the Board shall take place within 15 days of the date of the notice from the Executive that he is dissatisfied. At such meeting, the Executive shall, together with his counsel, have an opportunity to be heard before the Board. If following that meeting, the Executive makes a good 15 faith determination that the irreconcilable differences still exist and have not been fully cured by the Board, the Executive can terminate for Good Reason if he gives the Board written notice of such intent and the Board fails to fully cure the events giving rise to such irreconcilable differences to the Executive's satisfaction within seven (7) days of receipt of such notice and the Date of Termination shall be the 7th day after such notice is delivered to the Board. In no event shall the Executive be permitted to claim an irreconcilable difference based on any unlawful action proposed or taken by the Executive; and (xi) a failure of the Company to secure a written assumption by any successor company as provided in Section 15(g) hereof. In the event of a termination for Good Reason, except as otherwise provided herein, the Date of Termination shall be the date specified in the Notice of Termination, and shall not be more than thirty (30) days after the Notice of Termination. (e) Other Terminations. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company or the Executive may terminate the Executive's employment under this Agreement at any time, subject to the provisions of Section 10(f) hereof. If the Executive's employment is terminated hereunder for any reason other than as set forth in Sections 10(a) through 10(d) hereof, the date on which a Notice of Termination is given or any later date (within 30 days) set forth in such Notice of Termination shall be the Date of Termination. (f) Notice of Termination. Any termination of the Executive's employment hereunder by the Company or by the Executive shall be communicated by written 16 Notice of Termination to the other party hereto. For purposes of this Agreement, a "Notice of Termination" shall mean a notice that shall indicate the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon and shall set forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide a basis for termination of the Executive's employment under the provisions so indicated and a date of termination. (g) Resignation. Upon the Date of Termination for any reason (other than an expiration of the Employment Term), the Executive shall be deemed to have resigned as a director and/or officer of the Company; provided, however, that in the case of a non-renewal by the Company of the initial Employment Term in accordance with Section 2(a) hereof, the Date of Termination shall be December 31, 2006. 11. Compensation upon Termination or During Disability. (a) Disability. During any period ("Disability Period"), during the Employment Term that the Executive fails to perform his duties hereunder as a result of Disability, the Executive shall continue to (i) receive his full Base Salary and bonus otherwise payable for that period of the Employment Term including the Disability Period and (ii) participate in the Benefit Plans. In the event the Executive's employment is terminated upon Disability (as defined in Section 10(b) hereof), the Executive shall be entitled to: (1) the payments and benefits provided in Section 11(e)(i), (ii) and (iii), provided that the severance (Base Salary and Target Bonus) and benefit continuation period shall be three years, (2) a Pro-Rata Target Bonus (as defined herein) for the year in which termination for 17 Disability occurs, payable in a lump-sum within 30 days following the Date of Termination, and any earned and unpaid bonus relating to services performed by the Executive in the year preceding his termination due to Disability, (3) immediate vesting of all outstanding stock options, including the Option Shares, with all vested stock options remaining exercisable for the remainder of their original terms (and in the event there are any restrictions on exercising such options after vesting, the Executive shall be entitled to exercise any vested options as of the earlier of (i) one year after the option shares vested or (ii) one year after the Date of Termination). Notwithstanding the foregoing, any cash payments made to the Executive upon termination due to Disability shall be reduced by the sum of the amounts, if any, payable to the Executive at or prior to the time of any such payment under disability benefit plans of the Company or under the Social Security disability insurance program, where such amounts were not previously applied to reduce any such payment (provided the Company has paid the premiums associated with such plans). For purposes hereof, "Pro-Rata Target Bonus" means the Executive's Target Bonus for the year in which the Date of Termination occurs multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in the year ending on the Executive's Date of Termination and the denominator of which is 365. (b) Death. If the Executive's employment hereunder is terminated as a result of his death, then: (i) the Company shall pay the Executive's estate or designated beneficiary, as soon as practicable after the Date of Termination, a lump sum payment equal to (1) any Base Salary installments due in the month of death and 18 any reimbursable expenses accrued or owing the Executive hereunder as of the Date of Termination, (2) a Pro-Rata Target Bonus (as defined in Section 11(a) hereof), payable in a lump-sum within 30 days following the Date of Termination, and any earned and unpaid bonus relating to services performed by the Executive in the year preceding his death, and (3) the severance benefits set forth in Section 11(e)(i), (ii) and (iii) (provided that the severance (Base Salary and Target Bonus) and benefit continuation period on which such lump-sum payment is determined shall be three years), and (ii) all outstanding stock options, earned shares of incentive stock, and other awards granted to the Executive under the Incentive Compensation Programs shall immediately become fully vested as of the Date of Termination and all transfer restrictions shall lapse and all vested stock options, including the Option Shares, shall remain exercisable for the remainder of their original terms (and in the event there are any restrictions on exercising such options after vesting, the Executive shall be entitled to exercise any vested options as of the earlier of (i) one year after the option shares vested or (ii) one year after the Date of Termination, provided that the Board may, upon the written request of the Executive's personal representative, waive or modify the restrictions on the exercise of any vested stock options). (c) Termination for Cause; Termination by the Executive other than for Good Reason or Disability. If the Executive's employment hereunder is terminated by the Company for Cause or by the Executive (other than for Good Reason or Disability), then (i) the Company shall pay the Executive, as soon as practicable after the Date of Termination, any Base Salary and any reimbursable expenses 19 accrued or owing the Executive hereunder for services as of the Date of Termination; and (ii) the Executive shall immediately forfeit any unvested stock options. In the event of termination by the Company for Cause, the Executive shall have the right to exercise the vested unexercised portion of all outstanding stock option and stock awards prior to the Date of Termination, and the unexercised portion of any such award shall be forfeited thereafter and shall remain subject to the terms of each grant. In the event of termination by the Executive other than for Good Reason, the Executive shall have the right to exercise the vested unexercised portion of all outstanding stock options then held by the Executive for such period following the Date of Termination as shall be provided for under the terms of each grant. (d) Termination Resulting from Non-Renewal of this Agreement. If this Agreement is not renewed in accordance with Section 2(a) following the expiration of the initial Employment Term on December 31, 2006, Executive shall be entitled to receive, in addition to the payments due to him through the end of the initial Employment Term (including a bonus for 2006 of no less than the Target Bonus) his Base Salary and Target Bonus, as established pursuant to Sections 5(a) and (b), in equal monthly installments, and benefit continuation in accordance with Section 11(e)(iii) for a period of 18 months following the end of the initial Employment Term. In addition, any outstanding stock options shall continue to vest in accordance with their terms as if the Executive remained employed until the end of this 18-month severance period, with all vested options remaining exercisable for the remainder of their original terms (and in the event there are any restrictions 20 on exercising such options after vesting, the Executive shall be entitled to exercise any vested options at the earlier of (i) one year after the option shares vested or (ii) one year after the Date of Termination). (e) All Other Terminations. The Executive's employment may be terminated without Cause by the Board or the Company or by the Executive for Good Reason, provided that in such event: (i) Executive shall be entitled to receive, in equal monthly installments, his Base Salary and Target Bonus as established pursuant to Sections 5(a) and (b) of this Agreement, for the greater of (x) the remaining period of the Employment Term or (y) for a period of two (2) years, provided that if the Executive terminates pursuant to Section 10(d)(viii) hereof or if the Executive's employment is terminated without Cause or for Good Reason within 90 days prior to a Change in Control or within two (2) years following a Change in Control (as hereinafter defined), the Executive shall be entitled to a lump-sum amount equal to three (3) times Base Salary and Target Bonus, payable within 30 days following the Change in Control. (ii) Executive shall be entitled to receive, in monthly installments (net of appropriate withholding), for the remaining period of this Agreement or in a lump sum if the proviso in clause (i) of this Section 11(e) applies, his target Annual Bonus Award (including the stock and cash components) earned during the Employment Term of this Agreement and any earned and unpaid bonus relating to services performed by the Executive in the year preceding his termination by the Company without Cause or his 21 termination for Good Reason provided that the bonus payment pursuant to this Section 11(e)(ii) shall not duplicate any bonus payments previously paid to the Executive; (iii) The Executive and his eligible dependents shall be entitled to continue participation in the Company's Benefit Plans at the same cost as other Company senior executives until the second anniversary of the Date of Termination (or the third anniversary of such date if the proviso in clause (i) of this Section 11(e) applies) or until such time as the Executive and his eligible dependents are covered by a successor employer's comparable benefit plans, whichever is sooner; provided that to the extent that any Benefit Plan does not permit continuation of the Executive's or his eligible dependents' participation throughout such period, the Company shall provide the Executive, no less frequently than quarterly in advance, with an amount which is equal to the Company's cost of providing such benefits; (iv) Any outstanding stock options shall continue to vest until the second anniversary of the Date of Termination (or the third anniversary of such date if the proviso in clause (i) of this Section 11(e) applies), with all vested options remaining exercisable for the remainder of their original terms (and in the event there are any restrictions on exercising such options after vesting, the Executive shall be entitled to exercise any vested options as of the earlier of (i) one year after the option shares vested or (ii) one year after the Date of Termination). 22 (f) Other Severance Provisions. In the event of any termination, the Executive shall be entitled to any other payments, benefits or rights in accordance with this Agreement or any applicable plan, program, policy, arrangement of, or other agreements with, the Company or any affiliate (provided that in no event shall the Executive be entitled to duplication of any payment or benefit). (g) Change in Control Protections and Excise Tax Gross-Up. (i) Upon a Change in Control, the Executive's outstanding equity awards (including, but not limited to, stock options) shall immediately vest and all vested stock options shall remain exercisable for the remainder of their original terms (provided that any restrictions on exercising such stock options shall lapse). (ii) In the event that the Executive receives any payment or benefit (including but not limited to the payment, or benefits pursuant to Section 11 of this Agreement) (a "Payment") that is subject to the excise tax (the "Excise Tax") under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), the Company shall pay to the Executive, as soon thereafter as practicable, an additional amount (a "Gross-Up Payment") such that the net amount retained by the Executive, after deduction of any Excise Tax imposed upon the Payment and any federal, state, and local income tax and Excise Tax imposed upon the Gross-Up Payment, shall be equal to the Payment. The determination of whether an Excise Tax is due in respect to any payment or benefit, the amount of the Excise Tax and the amount of the Gross-Up Payment shall be made by an independent auditor 23 (the "Auditor") jointly selected by the Company and the Executive and paid by the Company. If the Executive and the Company cannot agree on the firm to serve as the Auditor, then the Executive and the Company shall each select one nationally recognized accounting firm and those two firms shall jointly select one nationally recognized accounting firm to serve as the Auditor. Notwithstanding the Payment, (i) any other payments or benefits received or to be received by the Executive in connection with a Change in Control or the Executive's termination of employment (whether pursuant to the terms of this Agreement or any other plan, arrangement, or agreement with the Company, any person whose actions result in a Change in Control or any person affiliated with the Company or such person) shall be treated as "parachute payments" within the meaning of Section 280G(b)(2) of the Code, and all "excess parachute payments" within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code shall be treated as subject to the Excise Tax, unless in the opinion of the tax counsel selected by the Auditor, such other payments or benefits (in whole or in part) do not constitute parachute payments, or are otherwise not subject to the Excise Tax, and (ii) the Executive shall be deemed to pay federal income tax at the highest marginal rate applicable in the calendar year in which the Gross-Up Payment is made, and state and local income taxes at the highest marginal rate of taxation in the state and locality of the Executive's residence on the Date of Termination, net of the maximum reduction in federal income tax which could be obtained from deduction of such state 24 and local taxes. In the event the actual Excise Tax or such income tax is more or less than the amount used to calculate the Gross-Up Payment, the Executive or the Company, as the case may be, shall pay to the other an amount reflecting the actual Excise Tax or such income tax. (h) Change in Control. For purposes of this Agreement, "Change in Control" of the Company shall be deemed to have occurred if: (i) the Company's shareholders approve any transaction that is contemplated to result in a "Qualifying Merger or Consolidation," sale or disposition of all or substantially all of the Company's assets or business or a plan of partial or complete liquidation, share exchange, amalgamation, recapitalization or similar transaction and such transaction is completed substantially in accordance with the terms approved by the shareholders; provided that notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this subsection (h)(i), no such merger, consolidation, sale or disposition shall be deemed to constitute a "Change in Control" if such transaction or series of transactions requires the Executive to be identified in any United States securities law filing solely as a result of his being a "person" (as such term is used in Section 3(a)(9) and 13(d) of the Act) or a member of any "group" (as defined in Section 14(d)(2) of the Act) acquiring, holding or disposing of beneficial ownership of the Company's securities and/or assets (but excluding any filing such as a Form 4 required as a result of being an officer or shareholder of the Company) and effecting a "Change in Control" as defined in this subclause (h)(i); or 25 (ii) during any period of not more than two (2) consecutive years (not including any period prior to the date of this Agreement), individuals who at the beginning of such period constitute the Board of Directors of the Company, and any new director (other than a director designated by a "person" (as hereinabove defined) who has entered into an agreement with the Company to effect a transaction described in clause (i), (iii) or (iv) of this Section) whose election was approved in a resolution of the Board by Executive or whose election by the Board or nomination for election by the Company's stockholders was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then still in office who either were directors at the beginning of the period or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved (including approval by Executive in a resolution of the Board), cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; or (iii) any third-party (or any third parties acting as a "group," as defined herein) acquires beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Act) of securities representing at least 40% of the Company's Voting Power in a transaction that is not part of a Qualifying Merger or Consolidation (a "Share Acquisition") and subsequent to such Share Acquisition either (1) the Company is no longer a public company for U.S. securities law purposes, or (2) there is a material diminution of the Executive's position, duties or responsibilities (including, without limitation, a termination of the Executive's employment by the Company) 26 or any other breach of this Agreement by the Company or event giving rise to a Good Reason termination by the Executive. Notwithstanding the provisions of the immediately preceding sentence, in the event that the Executive ceases to be the CEO within the 90-day period prior to the Share Acquisition as a result of the termination of his employment by the Company without Cause or by the Executive for Good Reason, the provisions of clause (1) and (2) shall not apply. (iv) For purposes of this Section (h), (x) "Qualifying Merger or Consolidation" shall mean any of the following: (1) any merger or consolidation between the Company or a subsidiary thereof and any entity in which the surviving entity (whether or not the Company) is not a publicly traded entity and the Executive is not CEO of the publicly traded parent (if any) of the surviving entity, (2) any merger or consolidation between the Company or any subsidiary thereof and any entity in which the surviving entity (whether or not the Company) is publicly traded and the Executive is not CEO of such surviving entity, or (3) any merger or consolidation between the Company or a subsidiary thereof and any entity if the shareholders of the Company immediately prior to the merger or consolidation hold, directly or indirectly, less than 50% of the Voting Power of the Company (or the ultimate parent corporation of the Company) (there being excluded from the number of shares held by such shareholders, but not from the Voting Shares of the combined company, any shares received by Affiliates of such other company in exchange for stock of such other company) 27 immediately after such merger or consolidation, (x) "Voting Power" means the total voting power of all outstanding securities having general voting power to elect the directors of the specified corporation, (y) "Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and (z) "Affiliate" means a person or other entity that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the company with respect to which the transaction is taking place. 12. Non-Solicitation and Non-Competition. (a) Term of Non-Compete. Subject to Section 12(d), during his employment with the Company and for a period of one (1) year following the Date of Termination, the Executive will not provide services, in any capacity, whether as an employee, consultant, independent contractor, or otherwise, to any person or entity that provides products or services that compete with the Business of the Company, including but not limited to: Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Inc.; Mayo Laboratory; ARUP; LabOne; Specialty Labs Inc.; Bio Reference Laboratories; Focus Technologies; ENZO, Inc.; Ameripath; and Esoterix; or their successors or assigns, except that after the termination of Executive's employment this restriction shall only apply to North America. If so requested in writing by Executive, the Company shall advise the Executive promptly in writing in advance (but in no case later than 30 calendar days) as to whether, in the exercise of its reasonable judgment, the Company views any proposed activity contemplated by the Executive as constituting a competing "Business," provided that nothing herein shall prevent the Executive from, after the termination of his 28 employment, being a passive owner of not more than five percent (5%) of the outstanding stock of any class of a corporation that is publicly traded. (b) Term of Non-Solicitation of Customers. Subject to Section 12(d), for a period of one (1) year following the Date of Termination, the Executive will not directly or indirectly solicit the Business of any customer of the Company during the one (1) year period prior to the termination of the employment relationship with the Company for any purpose other than to obtain, maintain and/or service the customer's Business for the Company. (c) Term of Non-Solicitation of Employees. Subject to Section 12(d), for a period of one (1) year following the Date of Termination, the Executive agrees not to, directly or indirectly, recruit, solicit or hire any employees of the Company to work for the Executive or any other person or entity. (d) Term of Non Compete, Non Solicitation Automatically Extended. Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 12(a), 12(b), and 12(c), in the event that the term of Executive's employment under this Agreement is not extended beyond the initial Employment Term and the Executive is receiving severance pursuant to Section 11(d) hereof, the period of (1) one year referred to in the said Sections shall automatically be deemed to be 18 (eighteen) months following the expiration of the initial Term on December 31, 2006. (e) Definitions Applicable to Section 12. As used in this Section, the following terms shall have their respective definitions: (i) "Business" shall include (A) clinical laboratory, pathology, toxicology, pharmaceutical testing, clinical trials, (B) Clinical Laboratory Medical 29 Information Services, (C) clinical laboratory testing kits; and (D) any other product or service which the Company planned, provided or discussed during the (1) one; year period prior to the termination of Executive's employment. (ii) "Clinical Laboratory Medical Information Services" shall mean medical information services which contain a substantial clinical laboratory data component. (iii) "Indirectly solicit" shall include, but is not to be limited to, providing any of the Company's proprietary information to another individual, or entity, or allowing the use of Executive's name by any company (or any employees of any other company) other than the Company, in the solicitation of the Business of Company's customers. (f) Expedited Arbitration Applicable to Section 12. In the event there is a dispute under this Section, the parties agree to hold an expedited hearing in the City of New York, New York, before an arbitrator under American Arbitration Association Rules. (g) Exclusive Property. Executive confirms that all confidential information is and shall remain the exclusive property of the Company. All business records, papers and documents kept or made by Executive relating to the business of the Company, its affiliates and subsidiaries (other than his personal records) shall be and remain the property of the Company. Upon the termination of his employment with the Company or upon the request of the Company at any time, Executive shall promptly deliver to the Company, and shall not without the 30 consent of the Board retain copies of, any written materials not previously made available to the public, or records and documents made by Executive in his possession concerning the business or affairs of the Company or any of its affiliates or subsidiaries (other than his personal records); provided, however, that subsequent to any such termination, the Company shall provide Executive with copies (the cost of which shall be borne by Executive) of any documents that are requested by Executive and that Executive has determined in good faith are (i) required to establish a defense to a claim that Executive has not complied with his duties hereunder or (ii) necessary to Executive in order to comply with applicable law. (h) Injunctive Relief. Without intending to limit the remedies available to the Company, Executive acknowledges that a breach of any of the covenants contained in this Section 12 may result in material irreparable injury to the Company or its affiliates or subsidiaries for which there is no adequate remedy at law, that it will not be possible to measure damages for such injuries precisely and that, in the event of such a breach or threat thereof, the Company shall be entitled to obtain a temporary restraining order and/or a preliminary or permanent injunction restraining Executive from engaging in activities prohibited by this Section 12 or such other relief as may be required to specifically enforce any of the covenants in this Section 12. Executive hereby agrees that the Company shall not be required to post any bond or other security in connection with any such equitable relief. Without intending to limit the remedies available to Executive, 31 Executive shall be entitled to seek specific performance of the Company's obligations under this Agreement. 13. Arbitration. In the event of any difference of opinion or dispute between the Executive and the Company with respect to the construction or interpretation of this Agreement or the alleged breach thereof, which cannot be settled amicably by agreement of the parties, then such dispute shall be submitted to and determined by arbitration by a single arbitrator in the city of New York, New York in accordance with the rules then in effect of the Commercial Arbitration Panel of the American Arbitration Association (the "AAA"), and judgment upon the award rendered shall be final, binding and conclusive upon the parties and may be entered in the highest court, state or federal, having jurisdiction. Each party shall bear its own costs and expenses of the arbitration, including its own attorneys' fees, and its allocable share of the costs and expenses of the arbitrator. 14. Confidentiality. During the Employment Term, and except as otherwise required by law, the Executive shall not disclose or make accessible to any business, person or entity, or make use of (other than in the course of the business of the Company) any trade secrets, proprietary knowledge or confidential information, which he shall have obtained during his employment by the Company and which shall not be generally known to or recognized by the general public. All information regarding or relating to any aspect of either the Company's business, including but not limited to that relating to existing or contemplated business plans, activities or procedures, current or prospective clients, current or prospective contracts or other business arrangements, current or prospective products, facilities and methods, manuals, intellectual property, price lists, financial information (including the revenues, costs, or profits associated with any of the 32 Company's products or services), or any other information acquired because of the Executive's employment by the Company, shall be conclusively presumed to be confidential; provided, however, that: Confidential Information shall not include any information known generally to the public; (other than as a result of unauthorized disclosure by the Executive) or any specific information or type of information generally not considered information disclosed by the Company or any officer thereof to a third party without restrictions on the disclosure of such information. The Executive's obligations under this Section 14 shall be in addition to any other confidentiality or nondisclosure obligations of the Executive of the Company at law or under any other agreements. 15. Other Matters. (a) Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Company and the Executive relating to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes any previous agreements, commitments and understandings, written or oral, with respect to the matters provided herein other than any equity award agreements. As used in this Agreement, terms such as "herein," "hereof," "hereto" and similar language shall be construed to refer to this entire instrument and not merely the paragraph or sentence in which they appear, unless so limited by express language. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if this Agreement is terminated in accordance with Section 2(b) hereof, the Letter Agreement shall remain in full force and effect. In the event of any inconsistency between this Agreement and the provisions of any plan, policy, program, arrangement or other agreement, the provisions most favorable to the Executive shall control. 33 (b) Assignment. Except as set forth below, this Agreement and the rights and obligations contained herein shall not be assignable or otherwise transferable by either party to this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party to this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any amounts owing to the Executive upon his death shall inure to the benefit of his heirs, legatees, personal representatives, executor or administrator. (c) Notices. Any and all notices provided for under this Agreement shall be in writing and hand delivered or sent by first class registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, addressed to the Executive at his residence (with a copy to the Law Offices of Joseph E. Bachelder, 780 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10017, Attn: Joseph E. Bachelder, Esq.) or to the Company at its usual place of business, and all such notices shall be deemed effective at the time of delivery or at the time delivery is refused by the addressee upon presentation. (d) Amendment/Waiver. No provision of this Agreement may be amended, waived, modified, extended or discharged unless such amendment, waiver, extension or discharge is agreed to in writing signed by both the Company and the Executive. (e) Applicable Law. This Agreement and the rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall be construed, interpreted, and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York (applicable to contracts to be performed wholly within such State). (f) Severability. The Executive hereby expressly agrees that all of the covenants in this Agreement are reasonable and necessary in order to protect the Company and 34 its business. If any provision or any part of any provision of this Agreement shall be invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, such part shall be ineffective only to the extent of such invalidity or unenforceability and shall not affect in any way the validity or enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement, or the remaining parts of such provision. (g) Successor in Interest. In the event the Company merges or consolidates with or into any other corporation or corporations, or sells or otherwise transfers substantially all of its assets to another corporation or other entity, the provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the entity surviving or resulting from the merger or consolidation or to which the assets are sold or transferred and, prior to the consummation of any such event, the Company shall obtain the express written assumption of this Agreement by the other entity (other than in the case of a merger after which the Company is the surviving entity). All references herein to the Company refer with equal force and effect to any corporate or other successor of the entity that acquires directly or indirectly by merger, consolidation, purchase or otherwise, all or substantially all of the assets of the Company. (h) No Mitigation/No Offset. In the event of any termination of employment, the Executive shall be under no obligation to seek other employment, and there shall be no offset against entitlements, amounts or benefits due him under this Agreement or otherwise on account of any remuneration attributable to any subsequent employer or claims asserted by the Company or any affiliate. 35 (i) Joint Participation in Drafting. Each party to this Agreement has participated in the negotiation and drafting hereof. As such, the language used herein shall be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties hereto to express their mutual intent, and no rule of strict construction shall be applied against any party to this Agreement. 16. Indemnification. The Company shall indemnify the Executive to the full extent permitted by law and the By-laws of the Company for all expenses, costs, liabilities and legal fees (collectively, "Damages") that the Executive may incur in the discharge of all his duties hereunder, including, without limitation, the right to be paid in advance by the Company for his expenses in defending a civil or criminal action, proceeding or investigation prior to the final disposition thereof. The Executive shall be insured under the Company's Directors' and Officers' Liability Insurance Policy as in effect from time to time. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary, any termination of the Executive's employment or of this Agreement shall have no effect on the continuing operations of this Section 16. 17. Authority The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement has been duly authorized by the Company and this Agreement represents the valid, legal and binding obligation of the Company, enforceable against the Company according to its terms. [signature page to follow] 36 [Employment Agreement Signature Page] IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Agreement to be executed on its own behalf and has caused its corporate seal to be affixed, and the Executive has executed this Agreement on his own behalf intending to be legally bound, as of the date first written above. QUEST DIAGNOSTICS INCORPORATED By: ------------------------------------------ Kenneth W. Freeman Chairman and Chief Executive Officer ATTEST: Secretary EXECUTIVE --------------------------------------------- Surya N. Mohapatra 37
EX-14 6 ex14.txt EXHIBIT 14 EXHIBIT 14 CODE OF BUSINESS ETHICS "Integrity is the Bottom Line." This Code of Business Ethics describes the standards of business conduct required of all Quest Diagnostics employees, executive officers and directors. This Code reflects our Company's Vision and Values. No code of conduct can replace the thoughtful behavior of an ethical director, officer or employee, but this Code serves to help us focus on key areas of ethical risk, provide guidance on appropriate behavior, and continue to foster the culture of honesty and accountability which is evident throughout Quest Diagnostics. Each employee, officer and director has a personal responsibility to ensure that his or her actions abide by the letter and the spirit of this Code. Management must instill a culture in which compliance with the Company's policies and all applicable laws is at the core of all the Company's business activities. The policies set forth in this Code are supported by the specific and detailed policies and practices contained in the Company's Employee Handbook, Integrity Commitment, Compliance Policy Handbook and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). KEY PRINCIPLES CONFIDENTIALITY Quest Diagnostics employees, officers and directors must respect and maintain the confidentiality of confidential information regarding the Company, its services, customers and patients. Officers, directors and employees must maintain the confidentiality of information entrusted to them by the Company, customers or patients of the Company, except when disclosure is authorized or legally permitted or mandated. Confidential information includes all non-public information that might be of use to competitors, or harmful to the Company or its customers, if disclosed. Equally important is safeguarding the confidentiality of the personal information entrusted to us by patients. The obligation to safeguard confidential information continues after employment or board service with the Company ends. NO CONFLICT OF Quest Diagnostics employees, officers and directors must INTEREST avoid any conflicts of interest that could inhibit their ability to act or make decisions in the best interests of the Company. A "conflict of interest" exists when a person's private interest interferes in any way, or even appears to interfere, with the interests of the Company. A conflict situation can arise when an employee, officer or director takes actions or has personal, financial or other interests that may interfere with his or her ability to perform any of his or her work for the Company objectively and effectively. Conflicts of interest also arise when an employee, officer or director, or a member of his or her family, receives improper personal benefits as a result of his or her position in the Company. An employee who is in any doubt as to whether a conflict of interest exists or would exist in a particular situation should check in advance with the Legal and Compliance Department. No person may engage in an activity that involves a conflict of interest, except with the specific prior approval in writing of the Legal and Compliance Department. Every employee, officer and director who is aware of any activity, financial interest or relationship that may present a possible conflict of interest must report the potential conflict of interest as described in the compliance policy "Duty to Report." [INTEGRITY IS THE BOTTOM LINE LOGO] CORPORATE Quest Diagnostics employees, officers and directors may not OPPORTUNITIES use corporate property, information or position for personal gain. Employees, officers and directors are prohibited from competing with Quest Diagnostics and owe a duty to the Company to advance the Company's interests to the best of their abilities. Employees, officers and directors who are aware of an opportunity that is generally in the scope of the Company's business must present that opportunity to the Company. PROTECTION OF Quest Diagnostics employees, officers and directors must COMPANY ASSETS protect the Company's assets and ensure they are used only for legitimate business purposes. Theft, carelessness and waste have a direct impact on the Company's profitability. Employees, officers and directors are responsible for ensuring that the Company's assets are utilized efficiently and appropriately. FAIR DEALING Quest Diagnostics employees, officers and directors must deal fairly with other employees, customers, patients, vendors and competitors. No person may take unfair advantage of anyone through manipulation, concealment, abuse of privileged or confidential information, misrepresentation of facts or any other unfair-dealing practice. COMPLIANCE WITH Quest Diagnostics employees, officers and directors must LAWS, RULES AND abide by all applicable laws, rules and regulations. REGULATIONS The Company actively promotes compliance with all laws, rules and regulations, including insider-trading laws. Employees must comply with the applicable laws of the country in which they operate. Noncompliance is unethical, illegal and in conflict with the Company's values and commitment to integrity. Violations will be dealt with decisively. FAIR AND TIMELY The Company's Chief Executive Officer and Senior DISCLOSURE IN Financial Officers are responsible for ensuring PUBLIC REPORTING that the Company's financial statements, public reports or AND COMMUNICATIONS communications contain disclosure that is full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable The Company's Chief Executive Officer and Senior Financial Officers, together with certain other employees designated by the Chief Financial Officer, are responsible for establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls and procedures for financial reporting. Every employee who is aware of any potential inaccuracy in the Company's disclosures must report the potential inaccuracy as described in the Company policy "Duty to Report." [INTEGRITY IS THE BOTTOM LINE LOGO] DUTY TO REPORT Quest Diagnostics employees, officers and directors who have knowledge that an applicable law, regulation, policy or ethical guideline has been, or may be violated must promptly report such information to an appropriate person within the Company. The Company actively promotes honest and ethical behavior in all its business activities. The Company has an "open-door" policy and employees are encouraged to report potential violations to their supervisors, any member of management, a Compliance Officer, the Legal and Compliance Department, the Human Resources Department, the local or Corporate Compliance Team or through the Company Hotline (CHEQline) at 1.800.650.9502. Employees are also encouraged to speak to their supervisors or other appropriate personnel, including the Legal and Compliance Department, at any time if there is any doubt about the best course of action in a particular situation. No employee will suffer any penalty or retribution for reporting suspected misconduct or noncompliance or will be subject to adverse consequences as a result of making the report. Potential violations of this Code may also be reported to the Board of Directors through the Company's web site: www.questdiagnostics.com. o Violations of this Code The values and principles set forth in this Code are critically important to the Company and must be taken seriously by all of us. Accordingly, violations will lead to disciplinary action in accordance with the Company's policies. Such disciplinary action may include reprimand, reimbursement of any loss or damage suffered by the Company or termination of employment. Under certain circumstances, violation of this Code may also result in referral for civil action or criminal prosecution, or any other disciplinary action deemed appropriate by the Company. o Waivers of this Code Any waiver of this Code for executive officers (including Senior Financial Officers) or directors may be made only by the Board of Directors or a Board Committee and must be disclosed to shareholders as required by applicable law or stock exchange regulations. [LOGO OF QUEST DIAGNOSTICS] EX-21 7 ex21.txt EXHIBIT 21 Exhibit 21 As of January 20, 2004 Quest Diagnostics Incorporated (DE) Subsidiaries and Joint Ventures 100% Quest Diagnostics Holdings Incorporated (f/k/a SBCL, Inc.) (DE) 100% Quest Diagnostics Clinical Laboratories, Inc. (f/k/a SmithKline Beecham Clinical Laboratories, Inc.) (DE) (33-l/3%) Compunet Clinical Laboratories (OH) (44%) Mid America Clinical Laboratories (IN) (51%) Diagnostic Laboratory of Oklahoma LLC (OK) 100% Quest Diagnostics Incorporated (CA) 100% Quest Diagnostics Incorporated (MD) 50% Pathology Building Partnership (MD) (gen. ptnrshp.) 100% Diagnostic Reference Services Inc. (MD) 50% Pathology Building Partnership (MD) (gen. ptnrshp.) 100% Quest Diagnostics Incorporated (MI) 100% Quest Diagnostics Investments Incorporated (DE) 100% Quest Diagnostics Finance Incorporated (DE) 100% Quest Diagnostics LLC (IL) 100% Quest Diagnostics LLC (MA) 100% Quest Diagnostics LLC (CT) 100% Unilab Corporation (DE) 100% Unilab Acquisition Corporation, d/b/a FNA Clinics of America (DE) 100% Quest Diagnostics of Pennsylvania Inc. (DE) 51% Quest Diagnostics Venture LLC (PA) 53.5% Associated Clinical Laboratories (PA) (gen. ptnrshp.) 100% Quest Diagnostics of Puerto Rico, Inc. 100% Quest Diagnostics Receivables Inc. (DE) 100% Quest Diagnostics Ventures LLC (DE) 100% DPD Holdings, Inc. (DE) 100% MetWest Inc. (DE) 100% Diagnostic Path Lab, Inc. (TX) 49% Sonora Quest Laboratories LLC (AZ)
100% American Medical Laboratories, Incorporated (DE) 100% AML Inc. (DE) 100% Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, Inc. (f/k/a Medical Laboratories Corporation, Inc.) (VA) 100% Quest Diagnostics Incorporated (NV) 100% APL Properties Limited Liability Company (NV) 100% Lab Portal, Inc. (DE) 100% LifePoint Medical Corporation (DE) 100% C&S Clinical Laboratory, Inc. (NJ) (dba Clinical Diagnostic Services) 100% MedPlus, Inc. (OH) 100% Worktiviti, Inc. (fka Universal Document Management Systems, Inc.) (OH) 100% Valcor Associates Inc. (PA) 100% Nichols Institute Diagnostics (CA) 100% Nichols Institute Sales Corporation (U.S.V.I.) 100% Nichols Institute Diagnostics Limited (UK) 100% Nichols Institute Diagnostics Trading AG (Switzerland) 100% Nichols Institute Diagnostika GmbH (Germany) 100% Nichols Institute Diagnostika GmbH (Austria) 100% Nichols Institute International Holding B.V. (Netherlands) 100% Nichols Institute Diagnostics B.V. (Netherlands) 100% Nichols Institute Diagnostics SARL (France) 100% Nomad Massachusetts, Inc. (MA) 100% Quest Diagnostics, S.A. de C.V. (Mexico) 100% Analisis, S.A. (Mexico) 100% Laboratorios Clinicos de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. (Mexico) 100% Servicios de Laboratorio, S.A. de C.V. (Mexico) 100% Laboratorios de Frontera Polanco, S.A. de C.V. (Mexico) 100% Laboratorio de Analisis Biomedicos, S.A. (Mexico) 100% Quest Diagnostics do Brasil Ltda. (Brazil) 100% Quest Diagnostics Limited (UK) 100% The Pathology Partnership plc (UK)
2
EX-23 8 ex23-1.txt EXHIBIT 23.1 EXHIBIT 23.1 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (Nos. 333-109062, 333-54310, 333-64806 and 333-74114) and Form S-8 (Nos. 333-10355, 333-17077, 333-17079, 333-17083, 333-60477, 333-66177, 333-74103, 333-60758 and 333-85713) of Quest Diagnostics Incorporated of our report dated January 23, 2004, relating to the financial statements and financial statement schedule, which appears in this Form 10-K. /s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP - --------------------------------- PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP Stamford, Connecticut February 26, 2004 EX-31 9 ex31-1.txt EXHIBIT 31.1 Exhibit 31.1 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, Kenneth W. Freeman, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Quest Diagnostics Incorporated; 2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have: a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared; b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and c) disclosed in this annual report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. February 26, 2004 By /s/ Kenneth W. Freeman ---------------------- Kenneth W. Freeman Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer EX-31 10 ex31-2.txt EXHIBIT 31.2 Exhibit 31.2 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 I, Robert A. Hagemann, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Quest Diagnostics Incorporated; 2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this annual report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this annual report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this annual report; 4. The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have: a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this annual report is being prepared; b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this annual report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and c) disclosed in this annual report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting. February 26, 2004 By /s/ Robert A. Hagemann ---------------------- Robert A. Hagemann Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer EX-32 11 ex32-1.txt EXHIBIT 32.1 Exhibit 32.1 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. 'SS' 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 'SS' 1350, the undersigned certifies that, to the best of my knowledge, the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2003 of Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, as being filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission concurrently herewith, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 'SS' 78m or 78o(d)) and that the information contained in the Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Quest Diagnostics Incorporated. Dated: February 26, 2004 /s/ Kenneth W. Freeman ---------------------------------- Kenneth W. Freeman Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer EX-32 12 ex32-2.txt EXHIBIT 32.2 Exhibit 32.2 CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. 'SS' 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 'SS' 1350, the undersigned certifies that, to the best of my knowledge, the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2003 of Quest Diagnostics Incorporated, as being filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission concurrently herewith, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 'SS' 78m or 78o(d)) and that the information contained in the Annual Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Quest Diagnostics Incorporated. Dated: February 26, 2004 /s/ Robert A. Hagemann ---------------------------------- Robert A. Hagemann Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
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