UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019

Commission File Number: 0-21683

hopTo Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	13-3899021
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

6 Loudon Road, Suite 200

Concord, New Hampshire 03301

(Address of principal executive offices)

(800) 472-7466

(408) 688-2674

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: (1) Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; and (2) Preferred Stock Purchase Rights

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [  ] No [X]

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes [  ] No [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and such files).

Yes [X] No [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

[  ] Large accelerated filer [  ] Accelerated filer [X] Non-Accelerated filer [X] Smaller reporting company 

[  ] Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [  ]

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes [  ] No [X]

As of June 30, 2019, the aggregate market value of the Registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates was $2,606,838.

As of April 14, 2020, there were outstanding 11,572,880 shares of the Registrant’s common stock.

hopTo Inc.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
	PART I
Item 1.	Business	3
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	7
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	15
Item 2.	Properties	15
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	15
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	15
	PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	15
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	16
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	24
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	25
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	43
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	43
Item 9B.	Other Information	44
	PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	44
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	44
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	45
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	45
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	45
	PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	45
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	48

Forward-Looking Information

This report includes, in addition to historical information, “forward-looking statements”. All statements other than statements of historical fact we make in this report are forward-looking statements. In particular, the statements regarding industry prospects and our future results of operations or financial position are forward-looking statements. Such statements are based on management’s current expectations and are subject to a number of uncertainties and risks that could cause actual results to differ significantly from those described in the forward looking statements. Factors that may cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” as well as those discussed elsewhere in this report. Statements included in this report are based upon information known to us as of the date that this report is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and we assume no obligation to update or alter our forward-looking statements made in this report, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by applicable federal securities laws.

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PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Introduction

We are developers of application publishing software which includes application virtualization software and cloud computing software for multiple computer operating systems including Windows, UNIX and several Linux-based variants. Our application publishing software solutions are sold under the brand name GO-Global, which is our sole revenue source. GO-Global is an application access solution for use and/or resale by independent software vendors (“ISVs”), corporate enterprises, governmental and educational institutions, and others who wish to take advantage of cross-platform remote access and Web-enabled access to their existing software applications, as well as those who are deploying secure, private cloud environments.

From 2012 to 2016 we developed several products in the field of software productivity for mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones, which have been marketed under the hopTo brand. We also made significant investments in intellectual property (“IP”) and filed many patents designed to protect the new technologies embedded in hopTo. We were granted a total of 56 patents by the United States Patent and Trademark Office as part of this effort.

Except for the sale of 7 patents sold to Salesforce.com during 2017, we own all hopTo-related IP including source-code, related patents, and the relevant trademarks. We continue to believe that we may be able to extract value from these assets and are currently working to do so at this time. For detailed historical information on the hopTo products and technologies, please refer to our previously filed Annual Report on form 10-K which are available at www.sec.gov. Such filings are being noted for historical information only; unless expressly noted, they are not incorporated herein by reference.

Corporate Background

We are a Delaware corporation, founded in May 1996. Our headquarters are located at 6 Loudon Road, Suite 200, Concord, NH 03301, and our phone number is 408-688-2674. We also have remote employees located in various states, as well as internationally in the United Kingdom. Our corporate Internet Website is http://www.hopTo.com. The information on our Website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to such reports filed with or furnished to the SEC under sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are made available free of charge on our corporate Internet Website investor webpage at www.hopto.com (click on “SEC Reporting” link) as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. We may suspend our obligation to make such reports in the future.

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The GO-Global Software Products

Our GO-Global product offerings, which currently are our only revenue source, can be categorized into product families as follows:

● GO-Global for Windows: Allows access to Windows-based applications from remote locations and a variety of connections, including the Internet connections. The Windows applications run on a central computer server along with GO-Global Windows Host software. This allows the applications to be accessed remotely via GO-Global Client software, or a Web browser, over many types of data connections, regardless of the bandwidth or operating system. Web-enabling is achieved without modifying the underlying application’s code or requiring costly add-ons.

● GO-Global for UNIX: Allows access to UNIX and Linux-based applications from remote locations and a variety of connections, including the Internet and connections. The UNIX/Linux applications run on a central computer server along with the GO-Global for UNIX Host software. This allows the applications to be accessed and run remotely via GO-Global Client software or a Web browser without having to modify the application’s code or requiring costly add-ons.

● GO-Global Client: We offer a range of GO-Global Client software that allows remote application access from a wide variety of local, remote and mobile platforms, including Windows, Linux, UNIX, Apple OS X and iOS, and Google Android. We plan to continue to develop GO-Global Client software for new portable and mobile devices.

Target Markets

The target market for our GO-Global products includes small to medium-sized companies, departments within large corporations, governmental and educational institutions, independent software vendors (ISVs) and value-added resellers (VARs). Our software enables these targeted organizations to move their existing applications to the public cloud and provide SaaS, or move them to a secure, private cloud environment. By using our software, organizations can give their remote users, partners and customers access to their native applications. Our software is designed to allow these organizations and enterprises to tailor the configuration of the end-user device for a particular purpose, rather than following a “one PC fits all” high-cost ownership model. We believe our opportunities are as follows:

●	ISVs. By Web-enabling their applications through use of our products, we believe that our ISV customers can accelerate their time to market without the risks and delays associated with rewriting applications or using other third-party software, thereby opening up additional revenue opportunities and securing greater satisfaction and loyalty from their customers.
	Our technology integrates with their existing software applications without sacrificing the full-featured look and feel of such applications, thereby providing ISVs with out-of-the-box Web-enabled applications with their own branding for licensed, volume distribution to their enterprise customers. We further believe that ISVs that effectively address the Web computing needs of customers and the emerging application service provider market will have a competitive advantage in the marketplace.
●	Enterprises Employing a Mix of UNIX, Linux, Macintosh and Windows. Small to medium-sized companies that utilize a mixed computing environment require cross-platform connectivity software, like GO-Global Host and/or GO-Global Gateway, which will allow users to access applications from different client devices. We believe that our server-based software products will significantly reduce the cost and complexity of connecting PCs to various applications.

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● Enterprises with Remote Computer Users and/or Extended Markets. We believe that remote computer users and enterprises with extended markets comprise two of the faster growing market segments in the computing industry. Extended enterprises permit access to their computing resources by their customers, suppliers, distributors and other partners, thereby affording them manufacturing flexibility, increased speed-to-market, and enhanced customer satisfaction. For example, extended enterprises may maintain decreased inventory via just-in-time, vendor-managed inventory and related techniques, or they may license their proprietary software application on a “pay-per-use” model, based on actual time usage by the user. The early adoption of extended enterprise software may be driven in part by an organization’s need to exchange information over a wide variety of computing platforms. We believe that our server-based software products, along with our low-impact communications protocol, which has been designed to enable highly efficient low-bandwidth connections, are well positioned to provide extended enterprises with the necessary means to exchange information over a wide variety of computing platforms.

● VARs. The VAR channel presents an additional sales force for our products and services. In addition to creating broader awareness of our GO-Global products, VARs also provide integration and support services for our current and potential customers. Our products allow VARs to offer a cost-effective competitive alternative for server-based, or thin-client, computing. In addition, reselling our GO-Global products creates new revenue streams for our VARs.

Strategic Customer Relationships

We believe it is important to maintain our current strategic alliances and to seek suitable new alliances in order to enhance shareholder value, improve our technology and/or enhance our ability to penetrate relevant target markets. We also are focusing on strategic relationships that have immediate revenue generating potential, strengthen our position in the server-based software market, add complementary capabilities and/or raise awareness of our products and us. Our strategic relationships for all GO-Global products include the following:

● We are party to a non-exclusive distribution agreement with KitASP, a Japanese application service provider founded by companies within Japan’s electronics and infrastructure industries, including NTT DATA, Mitsubishi Electric, Omron, RICS, Toyo Engineering and Hitachi. Pursuant to this agreement, which was entered into in September 2011, KitASP has licensed our GO-Global product line for inclusion in their software products, primarily their server-bundled application service provider software solution. Either party may terminate the contract upon 60 days’ written notice to the other party.

● We are party to a non-exclusive channel partner agreement with Elosoft Informatica Ltda, a South American distributor of various technology products, including both hardware and software offerings, and related services. Under the terms of this agreement, Elosoft has licensed both our GO-Global Windows Host and GO-Global for UNIX software for deployment to their distribution network with both sub-distributors and end-users. Our agreement with Elosoft, which was originally entered into in February 2005, automatically renews annually. Either party may terminate the agreement upon 60 days’ written notice to the other party.

● We are party to a non-exclusive global purchasing agreement with Alcatel-Lucent, a telecommunications, network systems and services company. Pursuant to this relationship, which started in July 1999, Alcatel-Lucent has licensed our GO-Global for UNIX software for inclusion with their software products. Many of Alcatel-Lucent’s customers are using our server-based software to remote access Alcatel-Lucent’s Network Management Systems applications. Since December 2012, we have mutually agreed with Alcatel-Lucent to renew this contract each year for additional one-year with terms consistent with those set forth in the expired contract. The current renewal period expires in December 2019.

● We are party to a non-exclusive distribution agreement with GE Intelligent Platforms (“GE”), a U.S. based designer, manufacturer, and supplier of products for industrial control and automation. GE has licensed our GO-Global product line for inclusion in their automation and production management software products. Our agreement with GE, which was originally entered into in December 2002, automatically renews annually. Either party may terminate the contract upon 60 days’ written notice to the other party.

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● In August 2011 we entered into an agreement with GAD eG (“GAD”), a Germany based provider of information technology, software development and data processing solutions for retail banks. GAD licensed our GO-Global for Windows software and embedded it in their banking applications. This agreement covered a one-time transaction of theirs with a large German bank. The installation of their software application generated significant product license sales for us in 2011 and 2012. Since then, we continued to have large maintenance renewals from these product licenses and expect to have maintenance sales in future years; however, we do not expect to have future product licensing sales to GAD comparable to the 2012 and 2011 levels.

● In January 2010, we entered into a non-exclusive reseller and distribution agreement with Information Delivery Systems, LLC (IDS), a U.S. based publisher and hosting solutions provider for churches and educational institutions. IDS has licensed our GO-Global for Windows software and has utilized it as the hosting engine for its cloud-based solutions. Our agreement with IDS automatically renews annually. Either party may terminate the contract upon 60 days’ written notice to the other party.

Sales, Marketing and Support

Sales and marketing efforts for our software products are directed at increasing product awareness and demand among ISVs, small to medium-sized enterprises, departments within larger corporations and VARs who have a vertical orientation or are focused on Windows, UNIX and/or Linux environments. Current marketing activities have been limited due to budget constraints but include Internet marketing, direct response, promotional materials, and maintaining an active Web presence for marketing and sales purposes.

We currently consider the following to be our most significant customers and partners. For the purposes of this table, “Sales” refers to the dollar value of orders received from these customers and partners in the period indicated. These Sales values are non-GAAP metrics and do not necessarily equal recognized revenue for these periods due to our revenue recognition policies which require deferral of revenue associated with prepaid software service fees.

	2019			2018
Customer	% Sales			% Sales
Centric System		7.8	%		9.5	%
Elosoft		8.9	%		10.4	%
GE		6.5	%		3.9	%
IDS		8.6	%		8.0	%
KitASP		14.0	%		6.2	%
Uniface		14.3	%		4.2	%
Total		60.1	%		42.2	%

Many of our customers enter into, and periodically renew, maintenance contracts to ensure continued product updates and support. Currently, we offer maintenance contracts for one, two, three and five-year periods.

Operations

We perform all purchasing, order processing and shipping of products and accounting functions related to our operations. Although we generally ship products electronically, when a customer requires us to physically ship them a disc, production of the disc, printing of documentation and packaging are also accomplished through in-house means; however, since virtually all of our orders are currently being fulfilled electronically, we do not maintain any prepackaged inventory. Additionally, we have relatively little backlog at any given time; thus, we do not consider backlog a significant indicator of future performance.

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Competition

The software markets in which we participate are highly competitive. Competitive factors in our market space include price, product quality, functionality, product differentiation and the breadth and variety of product offerings and product features. We believe that our products offer certain advantages over our competitors, particularly in product performance and market positioning.

GO-Global competes with developers of conventional server-based software for the individual PC, as well as with other companies in the cloud computing software market and the application virtualization software market. We believe our principal competitors in the cloud computing software market include Citrix Systems, Inc., OpenText Communications, Ltd. and Microsoft Corporation. Citrix is an established leading vendor of virtualization software, OpenText is an established market leader for remote access to UNIX applications and Microsoft is an established leading vendor of Windows operating systems and services for servers.

Employees

As of April 14, 2020, we had a full-time equivalent of 12.5 total employees, including 2 in marketing, sales and support, 8.5 in research and development (which is inclusive of employees who may also perform customer service related activities), 2 in administration and finance. We believe our relationship with our employees is good. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement.

Recent Developments

On January 31, 2020, we entered into a Backstop Agreement (the “Backstop Agreement”) with a consortium of accredited investors, including all of our directors and led by Novelty Capital Partners LP, pursuant to which such investors agreed to purchase in a private placement, at $0.30 per share, up to $2.41 million of shares of our common stock. The consummation of the investment pursuant to the Backstop Agreement was conditioned on the closing of our subscription rights offering to all of our stockholders (the “Rights Offering”). The Rights Offering expired on March 31, 2020. While upon the closing of the Rights Offering, we anticipated that the Backstop Agreement would close by April 14, 2020, as of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K the Backstop Agreement has not closed and we now expect to consummate the Backstop Agreement transactions by the end of April 2020.

At the closing of the Rights Offering, we received gross proceeds of $480,191 in exchange for 1.6 million shares of common stock. Pursuant to the Backstop Agreement, we expect to receive proceeds of $2.12 million in exchange for the issuance of 7.0 million restricted shares of common stock We intend to use the proceeds from the Rights Offering and the Backstop Agreement for general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions (although we do not currently have any plans with respect to any acquisition).

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The risks and uncertainties described below could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. The risk factors described below include the considerable risks associated with the current economic environment and the related potential adverse effects on our financial condition and results of operations. You should read these risk factors in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7 and our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes in Item 8. There also may be other factors that we cannot anticipate or that are not described in this report generally because we do not currently perceive them to be material. Those factors could cause results to differ materially from our expectations.

Risks Related to Our Business

We have a history of operating and net losses.

We have experienced significant operating and net losses since we began operations. After years of losses, we had net income for 2019 of $554,300; however, such improvement in our financial performance could reverse if our GO-Global business, our only source of revenue, declines or if we are unable to maintain control over our expenses.

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The coronavirus pandemic could adversely affect our results of operations.

The recent coronavirus pandemic throughout the United States and the world has resulted in the United States and other countries halting or sharply curtailing the movement of people, goods and services. All of this has caused extended shutdowns of businesses and the prolonged economic impact remains uncertain. At this point, we believe the conditions will have a material adverse effect on our business but given the rapidly changing developments we cannot accurately predict what effects these conditions will have on our business, which will depend on, among other factors, the ultimate geographic spread of the virus, the duration of the outbreak and travel restrictions and business closures imposed by the United States and various other governments.

Our revenue is typically generated from a limited number of significant customers.

A material portion of our revenue, all of which is currently derived from our GO-Global products, during any reporting period is typically generated from a limited number of significant customers, all of which are unrelated third parties. We categorize our customers into three broad categories for revenue recognition purposes: stocking resellers, non-stocking resellers and direct end users. If any of our significant non-stocking resellers or direct end users reduce their order level or fail to order during a reporting period, our revenue could be materially adversely impacted because we recognize revenue on sales to these customers upon product delivery, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Our significant stocking resellers are typically ISVs who have bundled our products with theirs to sell as Web-enabled versions of their products. These customers maintain inventories of our products for resale. If these customers decide to maintain a lower level of inventory in the future and/or they are unable to sell their inventory to end users as quickly as they have in the past, business could be materially adversely impacted.

If we are unable to develop new products and enhancements to our existing products, our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows could be materially adversely impacted.

The market for our products and services is characterized by:

● frequent new product and service introductions and enhancements;

● rapid technological change;

● evolving industry standards;

● fluctuations in customer demand; and

● changes in customer requirements.

Our future success depends on our ability to continually enhance our current products and develop and introduce new features and capabilities that our customers choose to buy. If we are unable to satisfy our customers’ demands and remain competitive with other products that could satisfy their needs by introducing new features, capabilities and enhancements, our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows could be materially adversely impacted. Our future success could be hindered by, among other factors:

● the amount of cash we have available to fund investment in new products and enhancements;

● the reduced level of research and development resources that the we now have available in the Company to perform the work necessary to develop new features and capabilities

● delays in our introduction of new features, capabilities and/or enhancements of existing products;

● disruptions in our operations or customer relations due to the coronavirus pandemic;

● delays in market acceptance of new products and/or enhancements of existing products; and

● a competitor’s announcement of new products and/or product enhancements or technologies that could replace or shorten the life cycle of our existing products.

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For example, sales of our GO-Global Windows Host software could be affected by the announcement from Microsoft of an intended release, and the subsequent actual release, of a new Windows-based operating system, or an upgrade to a previously released Windows-based operating system version. These new or upgraded systems may contain similar features to our products or they could contain architectural changes that would temporarily prevent our products from functioning properly within a Windows-based operating system environment.

We are subject to various liquidity risks.

We have incurred significant net losses since our inception. As of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $79,934,400 and a working capital of $101,800. Our ability to continue to generate net profits and positive cash flows from operations is dependent on our ability to continue to generate revenue from our legacy GO-Global business, which in turn is subject to a variety of risks, some of which are described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. As a very small company, we have limited ability to deploy new revenue increasing opportunities, and limited flexibility to respond to unforeseen adverse developments, such as customer losses, adverse market developments or unanticipated expenses. Although our current operating plan does not call for the raising of new capital, if we need to raise new capital, our ability to do so is extremely limited given our very small market capitalization and the limited volume in the trading of our common stock.

If we do need to issue new equity, such issuances may be at a significant discount to market prices, would dilute existing stockholders and may give the purchasers of new capital stock additional rights, preferences and privileges relative to existing stockholders. There can be no assurance that additional capital necessary for any execution of our operations will be available on a timely basis, on reasonable terms or at all.

Challenges to develop new business may reverse the improvements in our finances.

Our management believes that any significant improvement in our cash flow must result from increases in revenues from existing sources and from new revenue sources. Our ability to develop new revenues depends on many factors not in our control, or only partially in its control, including available capital resources which affect the extent of our marketing activities and our research and development activities, all of which are limited by our small size and revenue base. We cannot assure you that the resources that we can devote to marketing and to research and development will be sufficient to increase its revenues to levels that will enable us to maintain positive operating cash flow in the future.

Sales of products within our GO-Global product families are likely to be our only source of revenue during 2020.

Sales of products within our GO-Global product families, and related enhancements, were our only source of revenue during 2019 and will continue to be our only source of revenue during 2020. The success, if any, of our new GO-Global releases may depend on a number of factors, including market acceptance of the new GO-Global releases and our ability to manage the risks associated with introducing such releases. Declines in demand for our GO-Global products could occur as a result of, among other factors:

● lack of success with our strategic partners;

● new competitive product releases and updates to existing competitive products;

● decreasing or stagnant information technology spending levels;

● price competition;

● technological changes;

● disruptions in our operations or customer relations due to the coronavirus pandemic; or

● general economic conditions in the markets in which we operate.

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If our customers do not continue to purchase GO-Global products as a result of these or other factors, our revenue would decrease and our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows would be adversely affected.

Our operating results in one or more future periods are likely to fluctuate significantly and may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of investors.

Our operating results are likely to fluctuate significantly in the future on a quarterly and annual basis due to a number of factors, many of which are outside our control. Factors that could cause our operating results and therefore our revenues to fluctuate include the following, among other factors:

● our ability to maximize the revenue opportunities of our patents;

● variations in the size of orders by our customers;

● increased competition;

● disruptions in our operations or customer relations due to the coronavirus pandemic; and

● the proportion of overall revenues derived from different sales channels such as distributors, original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and others.

In addition, our royalty and license revenues are impacted by fluctuations in OEM licensing activity from quarter to quarter, which may involve one-time orders from non-recurring customers, or customers who order infrequently. Our expense levels are based, in part, on expected future orders and sales; therefore, if orders and sales levels are below expectations, our operating results are likely to be materially adversely affected. Additionally, because significant portions of our expenses are fixed, a reduction in sales levels may disproportionately affect our net financial results. Also, we may reduce prices and/or increase spending in response to competition or to pursue new market opportunities. Because of these factors, our operating results in one or more future periods may fail to meet or exceed the expectations of investors. In that event, the trading price of our common stock would likely be adversely affected.

We will encounter challenges in recruiting, hiring and retaining new personnel and/or replacements for any members of key management or other personnel who depart.

Our success and business strategy is dependent in large part on our ability to attract and retain key management and other personnel in certain areas of our business. If any of these employees were to leave, we would need to attract and retain replacements for them. We have lost employees, including at the officer level and in our new products engineering group, in the past. Without a successful replacement, the loss of the services of one or more key members of our management group and other key personnel could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We do not have long-term employment agreements with any of our key personnel and any officer or other employee can terminate their relationship with us at any time. We may also need to add key personnel in the future in order to successfully implement our business strategies. The market for such qualified personnel is highly competitive and it includes other potential employers whose financial resources for such qualified personnel are more substantial than ours. Consequently, we could find it difficult to attract, assimilate or retain such qualified personnel in sufficient numbers to successfully implement our business strategies.

We have sought to match our expenses structure with business opportunities, but this creates risks. As a result, our current Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer does not receive any salary from the Company, which potentially understates our current operating expenses and overstates our profitability. We also rely on the considerable expertise of our Board of Directors and the moderate use of professional advisors. This arrangement limits our ability to respond to challenges and develop opportunities. Should we revise our approach to management by hiring additional resources, this too, can create risks to the cost savings we have achieved, if any anticipated business opportunities are not realized.

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Our failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights may adversely affect us.

Our commercial success is dependent, in large part, upon our ability to protect our proprietary rights. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright and trademark laws, as well as trade secrets, confidentiality provisions and other contractual provisions to protect our proprietary rights. These measures afford only limited protection. We cannot assure you that measures we have taken or may take in the future will be adequate to protect us from misappropriation or infringement of our intellectual property. Despite our efforts to protect proprietary rights, it may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy aspects of our products or obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our intellectual property or other proprietary rights as fully as do the laws of the United States. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that the existence of any proprietary rights will prevent the development of competitive products. The infringement upon, or loss of, any proprietary rights, or the development of competitive products despite such proprietary rights, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our business significantly benefits from strategic relationships and there can be no assurance that such relationships will continue in the future.

Our business and strategy rely to a significant extent on our strategic relationships with other companies. There is no assurance that we will be able to maintain or further develop any of these relationships or to replace them in the event any of these relationships are terminated. In addition, any failure to renew or extend any license between any third party and us may adversely affect our business.

We rely on indirect distribution channels for our products and may not be able to retain existing reseller relationships or develop new reseller relationships.

Our GO-Global products are primarily sold through several distribution channels. An integral part of our strategy is to strengthen our relationships with resellers such as OEMs, systems integrators, VARs, distributors and other vendors to encourage these parties to recommend or distribute our products and to add resellers both domestically and internationally. We currently invest, and intend to continue to invest, significant resources to expand our sales and marketing capabilities. We cannot assure you that we will be able to attract and/or retain resellers to market our products effectively. Our inability to attract resellers and the loss of any current reseller relationships could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. Additionally, we cannot assure you that resellers will devote enough resources to provide effective sales and marketing support to our products.

The markets in which we participate are highly competitive and have more established competitors.

The markets we participate in with GO-Global are intensely competitive, rapidly evolving and subject to continuous technological changes. We expect competition to increase in each of these markets as other companies introduce additional competitive products. In order to compete effectively, we must continually develop and market new and enhanced products and market those products at competitive prices. As markets for our products continue to develop, additional companies, including companies in the computer hardware, software and networking industries with significant market presence, may enter the markets in which we compete and further intensify competition. A number of our current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, greater name recognition and significantly greater financial, sales, technical, marketing and other resources than we do. We cannot give any assurance that our competitors will not develop and market competitive products that will offer superior price or performance features, or that new competitors will not enter our markets and offer such products. We believe that we will need to invest significant financial resources in research and development to remain competitive in the future in each of the markets in which we compete. Such financial resources may not be available to us at the time or times that we need them, or upon terms acceptable to us, or at all. We cannot assure you that we will be able to establish and maintain a significant market position in the face of our competition and our failure to do so would adversely affect our business.

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Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Our stock is thinly traded and its price has been historically volatile.

Our stock is thinly traded. As such, holders of our stock are subject to a high risk of illiquidity, e.g., you may not be able to sell as many shares at the price you would like, or you may not be able to purchase as many shares at the price you would like, due to the low average daily trading volume of our stock. Additionally, the market price of our stock has historically been volatile; it has fluctuated significantly to date. The trading price of our stock is likely to continue to be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations. Your investment in our stock could lose some or all of its value.

Future sales of our common stock could adversely affect its price and our future capital-raising activities, and could involve the issuance of additional equity securities, which would dilute current stockholder investments in our common stock and could result in lowering the trading price of our common stock.

We may sell securities in the public or private equity markets if and when conditions are favorable. Sales of substantial amounts of common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock and our ability to raise capital. We may issue additional common stock in future financing transactions or as incentive compensation for our management team and other key personnel, consultants and advisors. Issuing any equity securities would be dilutive to the equity interests represented by our then-outstanding shares of common stock. The market price for our common stock could decrease as the market takes into account the dilutive effect of any of these issuances. Furthermore, we may enter into financing transactions and issue securities with rights and preferences senior to the rights and preferences of our common stock, and we may issue securities at prices that represent a substantial discount to the market price of our common stock. A negative reaction by investors and securities analysts to any discounted sale of our equity securities could result in a decline in the trading price of our common stock.

We may make acquisitions, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business, dilute our stockholders, and seriously harm our business.

As part of our business strategy, we intend to make acquisitions in the future (although we do not currently have any probable acquisitions). Our ability to acquire and successfully integrate larger or more complex companies, products, and technologies is unproven. In the future, we may not be able to find other suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. In addition, if we fail to successfully close transactions or integrate new teams, or integrate the products and technologies associated with these acquisitions into our company, our business could be seriously harmed. Any integration process may require significant time and resources, and we may not be able to manage the process successfully. We may not successfully evaluate or use the acquired products, technology, and personnel, or accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition transaction, including accounting charges. We may also incur unanticipated liabilities that we assume as a result of acquiring companies. We may have to pay cash, incur debt, or issue equity securities to pay for any acquisition, any of which could seriously harm our business. Selling equity to finance any such acquisitions would also dilute our stockholders. Incurring debt would increase our fixed obligations and could also include covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations.

In addition, on average, it is difficult to finalize the purchase price allocation and accounting. Therefore, it is possible that our valuation of an acquisition may change and result in unanticipated write-offs or charges, impairment of our goodwill, or a material change to the fair value of the assets and liabilities associated with a particular acquisition, any of which could seriously harm our business.

We are not likely to have the capital to acquire large businesses. Therefore, the businesses we acquire may require significant investment in corporate infrastructure, repositioning, incremental sales, marketing or product development.

Our acquisition strategy may not succeed if we are unable to remain attractive to target companies or expeditiously close transactions.

We have a significant number of outstanding warrants and options, and future sales of these shares could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

As of December 31, 2019, we had outstanding warrants for an aggregate of 481,335 shares of common stock, at a weighted average exercise price of $0.01 per share. As of December 31, 2019, we had outstanding options exercisable for an aggregate of 106,077 shares of our common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $2.77 per share. The holders may sell these shares exercisable under warrants or options in the public markets from time to time. In addition, if our stock price rises, more outstanding warrants and options will be “in-the-money” and the holders may exercise their warrants and options and sell a large number of shares. This could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

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Our common stock is quoted on the FINRA OTC Bulletin Board, which may have an unfavorable impact on our stock price and liquidity.

Our common stock is currently quoted under the symbol “HPTO” on the OTC Bulletin Board market (“OTCBB”) operated by FINRA (Financial Industry Regulatory Authority) and on the OTC Markets Group QB tier (“OTCQB”). Neither the OTCBB nor the OTCQB is a “national securities exchange,” and in general, each is a significantly more limited market than the markets operated by the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ. The quotation of our shares on the OTCBB and the OTCQB could result in a less liquid market being available for existing and potential stockholders to trade shares of our common stock, which could depress the trading price of our common stock and have a long-term adverse impact on our ability to raise capital in the future. Because of the limited trading market for our common stock, and because of the significant price volatility, investors may not be able to sell their shares of common stock when they want to do so. We may not support any continued trading market for our shares.

Our stock may lose access to a viable trading market.

Given the increasing cost and resource demands of being a public company, we may decide to “go dark,” or discontinue our obligation to make periodic filings with the SEC, by deregistering our securities, for a period of time until our assets and stockholder base are sufficient to warrant public trading again. During such time, there would be a substantial decrease in disclosure by us of our operations and prospects, and a substantial decrease in the liquidity in our common stock even though stockholders may still continue to trade our common stock in the OTC market or “pink sheets.” The market’s interpretation of a company’s motivation for “going dark” varies from cost savings, to negative changes in the firm’s prospects, to serving insider interests, which may affect the overall price and liquidity of a company’s securities.

We have never paid dividends on our common stock, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid dividends on our common stock, nor do we anticipate paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the operations and expansion of our business. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will be dependent upon the earnings, financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and other factors as deemed necessary by our Board of Directors.

FINRA’s sales practice requirements may also limit a stockholder’s ability to buy and sell our stock.

FINRA has adopted rules that require that in recommending an investment to a customer, a broker-dealer must have reasonable grounds for believing that the investment is suitable for that customer. Prior to recommending speculative low priced securities to their non-institutional customers, broker-dealers must make reasonable efforts to obtain information about the customer’s financial status, tax status, investment objectives and other information. Under interpretations of these rules, FINRA believes that there is a high probability that speculative low priced securities will not be suitable for at least some customers. FINRA’s requirements make it more difficult for broker-dealers to recommend that their customers buy our common stock, which may limit your ability to buy and sell our stock and have an adverse effect on the market for our shares.

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Provisions in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws and our Rights Agreement may prevent or discourage third parties or our stockholders from attempting to replace our management or influencing significant decisions.

Provisions in our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Second Amended and Restated Bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company or our management, even if doing so would be beneficial to our stockholders. These provisions include, but are not limited to, authorizing our board of directors to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval and limiting the persons who may call special meetings of stockholders and providing that stockholders cannot take action by written consent in lieu of a meeting. In addition, our Rights Agreement, entered into by us and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC (as rights agent) on February 16, 2018, as amended on November 2, 2018 (the “Rights Agreement”), works by imposing a significant penalty upon any person or group (including a group of persons that are acting in concert with each other) that acquires five percent (5%) or more of our common stock without the approval of our board of directors. As a result, the overall effect of the Rights Agreement and the issuance of the rights thereunder may be to render more difficult or discourage a merger, tender or exchange offer or other business combination involving that is not approved by our board of directors. The Rights Agreement is not intended to interfere with any merger, tender or exchange offer or other business combination approved by our board of directors. Nor does the Rights Agreement prevent the Board from considering any offer that it considers to be in the best interest of its stockholders. The Rights Agreement expires at or prior to the earlier of (i) February 16, 2021 or (ii) the redemption or exchange of the rights thereunder, as provided for in the Rights Agreement. Together, these charter and contractual arrangements could make the removal of management more difficult and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our common stock.

Anti-takeover provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt.

Our certificate of incorporation, bylaws and Delaware law contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult or discouraging an acquisition deemed undesirable by our board of directors. Our corporate governance documents include provisions:

● authorizing blank check preferred stock, which could be issued with voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to our common stock;

● limiting the liability of, and providing indemnification to, our directors and officers;

● limiting the ability of our stockholders to call and bring business before special meetings and to take action by written consent in lieu of a meeting;

● requiring advance notice of stockholder proposals for business to be conducted at meetings of our stockholders and for nominations of candidates for election to our board of directors;

● controlling the procedures for the conduct and scheduling of board of directors and stockholder meetings;

● providing our board of directors with the express power to postpone previously scheduled annual meetings and to cancel previously scheduled special meetings;

● limiting the determination of the number of directors on our board of directors and the filling of vacancies or newly created seats on the board to our board of directors then in office; and

● requiring a supermajority of two-thirds of stockholders to amend certain provisions of our certificate of incorporation or to amend our bylaws.

These provisions, alone or together, could delay hostile takeovers and changes in control of our company or changes in our management.

As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prevents some stockholders holding more than 15% of our outstanding common stock from engaging in certain business combinations without approval of the holders of substantially all of our outstanding common stock. Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our common stock.

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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2. Properties

Our corporate headquarters currently occupies approximately 2,527 square feet of office space in Concord, New Hampshire, under a month-to-month lease arrangement for a monthly payment of $4,000 per month, which can be cancelled at any time by either party with a six-month advance notice.

We have certain employees who work remotely in various states. We believe our current facilities will be adequate to accommodate our needs for the foreseeable future.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are party to various lawsuits, claims and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. We are not currently a party to any legal proceedings that we believe would reasonably be expected to have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Item 4. Mine safety disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

Since March 27, 2003 our common stock has been quoted on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board under the symbol “HPTO.”

On April 14, 2020 there were approximately 116 holders of record of our common stock.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid dividends on our common stock, nor do we anticipate paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the operations and expansion of our business. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will be dependent upon the earnings, financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and other factors as deemed necessary by the Board of Directors.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

On January 31, 2020, we entered into the Backstop Agreement with a consortium of accredited investors, including all of our directors and led by Novelty Capital Partners LP, pursuant to which such investors agreed to purchase in a private placement, at $0.30 per share, up to $2.41 million of shares of our common stock. The consummation of the investment pursuant to the Backstop Agreement was conditioned on the closing of the Rights Offering. The Rights Offering expired on March 31, 2020. While upon the closing of the Rights Offering, we anticipated that the Backstop Agreement would close by April 14, 2020, as of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K the Backstop Agreement has not closed and we now expect to consummate the Backstop Agreement transactions by the end of April 2020. At the closing of the Rights Offering, we received gross proceeds of $480,191 in exchange for 1.6 million shares of common stock. Pursuant to the Backstop Agreement, we expect to receive proceeds of $2.12 million in exchange for the issuance of 7.0 million restricted shares of common stock. We intend to use the proceeds from the Rights Offering and the Backstop Agreement for general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions (although we do not currently have any plans with respect to any acquisition). The shares were issued to the Backstop Agreement investors pursuant to the exemption from registration contained in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Not applicable for smaller reporting companies.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Introduction

We are developers of application publishing software which includes application virtualization software and cloud computing software for multiple computer operating systems including Windows, UNIX and several Linux-based variants. Our application publishing software solutions are sold under the brand name GO-Global, which is our sole revenue source at this time. GO-Global is an application access solution for use and/or resale by independent software vendors (“ISVs”), corporate enterprises, governmental and educational institutions, and others who wish to take advantage of cross-platform remote access and Web-enabled access to their existing software applications, as well as those who are deploying secure, private cloud environments.

In 2012, we began developing several products in the field of software productivity for mobile devices such as tablets and smartphones, which have been marketed under the hopTo brand. We also made significant investments in intellectual property (“IP”) and filed many patents designed to protect the new technologies embedded in hopTo. We have been granted a total of 56 patents by the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

During the fourth quarter of 2016, we ceased all of our sales, marketing and development efforts for the hopTo products we do not expect any meaningful revenues from these products in the foreseeable future.

Except for the sale of 7 patents sold to Salesforce.com during 2017, we own all hopTo-related intellectual property including source-code, related patents, and the relevant trademarks. We believe these assets have value and are continuously evaluating opportunities to maximize such potential benefits from these assets.

There is no certainty as to timing or success of our efforts to extract residual value from our hopTo assets, and stockholders should not place any reliance on the outcome of such efforts unless and until definitive agreements are reached, which may include the sale of certain of our hopTo software products or additional sales of patents.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes provided in Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of hopTo Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “we”, “us”, “our”, or “Company”); significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include: the amount of stock-based compensation expense; the allowance for doubtful accounts; the estimated lives of property of equipment, valuation and amortization of intangible assets (including capitalized software); depreciation of long-lived assets; valuation of warrants; post-employment benefits; and accruals for liabilities, deferred rent, and taxes. While the Company believes that such estimates are fair, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

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Revenue Recognition

The Company markets and licenses its products indirectly through channel distributors, independent software vendors (“ISVs”), value-added resellers (“VARs”) (collectively, “resellers”) and directly to hosting service providers, corporate enterprises, governmental and educational institutions and others. Our product licenses are perpetual. We also separately sell intellectual property licenses, maintenance contracts, which are comprised of license updates and customer service access, as well as other products and services.

There are no rights of return granted to purchasers of the Company’s software products.

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” Revenues under ASC 606 are recognized when the promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company recorded $1,391,900 to opening accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting ASC 606, with the impact primarily related to deferred license revenue associated with stocking orders placed in prior periods which had not been sold through to end users prior to January 1, 2018.

Effective January 1, 2018, ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, changed the recognition of revenue standards for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, revenue recognition was determined by

● identifying the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

● identifying the performance obligations in each contract;

● determine the transaction price;

● allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in each contract; and

● recognizing revenue when, or as, we satisfy performance obligations by transferring the promised goods or services

When control of the promised products and services are transferred to our customers, we recognize revenue in the amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for these products and services.

Product Sales

All of our licenses are delivered to the customer electronically. The Company sends the license key to the customer to download the related software from Company portal. We recognize revenue upon delivery of these licenses.  For stocking resellers who purchase licenses through inventory stocking orders with the intent to resell to an end-user, revenue is recognized when the resellers’ accounts have been credited, at their discretion, for the number of licenses purchased.

Maintenance revenue was also recognized from service contracts ratably over the related contract period.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). This ASU is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 to reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Subsequently, FASB issued ASUs in 2016 containing implementation guidance related to ASU 2014-09, including: ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which is intended to improve the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations; ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which is intended to clarify two aspects of ASC 606: identifying performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance; and ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, which contains certain practical expedients in response to identified implementation issues. The Company elected to adopt ASC 606 under the Modified Retrospective approach. Under the Modified Retrospective approach, only contracts with customers for which there were remaining unsatisfied performance obligations (open contracts) at the beginning of initial year of adoption must be restated to apply retrospectively the guidance under ASC 606. Any resulting impact for such contracts prior to the beginning of the initial year of adoption are made as an adjustment to opening accumulated deficit for such year.

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On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the Modified Retrospective method. This method required retrospective application of the new accounting standard to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for the reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under ASC 605.

The change to the current revenue policy is the timing of revenue recognition for software licenses purchased by stocking resellers. Under the guidance ASC 605, the Company recognized revenue upon the delivery of licenses to end users when they were purchased from the stocking reseller. Under the guidance ASC 606, license revenue is recognized upon crediting of the licenses to the stocking resellers account for draw down at their discretion after placement of the stocking order by the stocking reseller. During the year ended December 31, 2018, this change in revenue policy resulted in lower license revenue of $231,300 and which had the same impact on gross profit, income (loss) from operations and net income (loss).

The Company recorded $1,391,900 to opening accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting ASC 606, with the impact primarily related to reversal of deferred license revenue associated with stocking orders placed in prior periods which had not been sold through to end users prior to January 1, 2018.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018 under current assets, deferred revenue and accumulated deficit for the adoption ASU 2014-09, Revenue - Revenue from Contracts with Customers were as follows:

Balance Sheet	Balance at December 31, 2017			Adjustments due to ASC 606			Balance at January 1, 2018
Current Assets
Deferred COGS	$	—		$	20,000		$	20,000
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Accumulated Deficit, net of tax	$	(81,849,200	)	$	1,391,900		$	(80,457,300	)
Current Liabilities
Deferred Revenue	$	1,845,100		$	(609,700	)	$	1,235,400
Long Term Liabilities
Deferred Revenue	$	1,409,700		$	(802,200	)	$	607,500

All of the Company’s software licenses are denominated in U.S. dollars.

As a result of the adoption of ASU NO. 2014-09, our 2018 revenues were subject to greater variability.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid holdings with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents as of December 31, 2019 or 2018.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts that reflects our best estimate of potentially uncollectible trade receivables. The allowance is based on assessments of the collectability of specific customer accounts and the general aging and size of the accounts receivable. We regularly review the adequacy of our allowance for doubtful accounts by considering such factors as historical experience, credit worthiness, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. We specifically reserve for those accounts deemed uncollectible. We also establish, and adjust, a general allowance for doubtful accounts based on our review of the aging and size of our accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $7,300 and $3,600, respectively.

Software Development Costs

Under the criteria set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 985-20, “Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased or Marketed,” development costs incurred in the research and development of new software products are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility, in the form of a working model, has been established, at which time such costs are capitalized until the product is available for general release to customers. The Company did not capitalize any software development costs during 2019 or 2018. The Company makes ongoing evaluations of the recoverability of its capitalized software projects by comparing the net amount capitalized for each product to the estimated net realizable value of the product. If such evaluations indicate that the unamortized software development costs exceed the net realizable value, the Company writes off the amount by which the unamortized software development costs exceed net realizable value.

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Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets are assessed for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable, whenever we have committed to a plan to dispose of the assets or, at a minimum, annually. Typically, for long-lived assets to be held and used, measurement of an impairment loss is based on the fair value of such assets, with fair value being determined based on appraisals, current market value, comparable sales value, and discounted future cash flows, among other variables, as appropriate. Assets to be held and used (which assets are affected by an impairment loss) are depreciated or amortized at their new carrying amount over their remaining estimated life; assets to be sold or otherwise disposed of are not subject to further depreciation or amortization. No such impairment charge was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2019 or 2018.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist principally of cash and trade receivables. The Company places its cash with high quality financial institutions. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had approximately $1,291,900 of cash with financial institutions in excess of FDIC insurance limits. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had approximately $642,500 of cash with financial institutions in excess of FDIC insurance limits.

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we currently consider the following to be our most significant customers and partners. For the purposes of this table, “Sales” refers to the dollar value of orders received from these customers and partners in the period indicated. These Sales values do not necessarily equal recognized revenue for these periods due to our revenue recognition policies which require deferral of revenue associated with prepaid software service fees.

	2019						2018
				% Accounts						% Accounts
Customer	% Sales			Receivable			% Sales			Receivable
Centric System		7.8	%		17.9	%		9.5	%		3.2	%
Elosoft		8.9	%		8.1	%		10.4	%		32.1	%
GE		6.5	%		0.6	%		3.9	%		15.4	%
KitASP		14.0	%		3.0	%		6.2	%		1.7	%
Thermo LabSystems		2.9	%		9.7	%		4.1	%		10.8	%
Uniface		14.3	%		7.5	%		4.2	%		5.1	%
Total		54.4	%		46.8	%		38.3	%		68.3	%

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

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Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

In accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share,” the basic income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share reflect per share amounts that would have resulted if diluted potential common stock had been converted to common stock. Dilutive common share equivalents as of December 31, 2019, representing 481,335 outstanding in-the-money warrants, were included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share using the Treasury Stock Method. During the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had total common stock equivalents of 106,077 and 353,231 shares, respectively, which excluded from the computation of net income per share because they are anti-dilutive.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses. The carrying amount of these financial instruments approximates fair value due to the nature of the accounts and their short-term maturities.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Leases

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for most leases on the balance sheet as well as other qualitative and quantitative disclosures. ASU 2016-02 is to be applied using a modified retrospective method and was effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842),” which provides an optional transition method allowing entities to recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of stockholders’ equity in the period of adoption, with no restatement of comparative prior periods required. The Company adopted the standard using this optional transition method. The Company also made an accounting policy to exclude leases with an initial term of 12 months or less from the balance sheet as permitted under the new guidance.

The Company assessed the impact that the new lease recognition standard had on its consolidated financial statements. As of the adoption date of January 1, 2019, the Company had only one lease, which was for its office space it leases under a month-to-month arrangement for a monthly amount of $4,000, which can be cancelled at any time by either party with a six-month advance notice. As management has elected a policy to exclude leases with an initial term of 12 months of less from the balance sheet presentation required under Topic 842, the office lease has been excluded from balance sheet presentation as it has an original term of 12 months or less. The rent associated with the lease continues to be expensed as incurred.

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Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018

The following is a comparison of the results of our operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

	For the Year Ended
	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Revenues:
Software licenses		952,600		812,900
Software service fees		2,483,600		2,240,300
Other		93,900		100,200
Total Revenue		3,530,100		3,153,400
Cost of Revenue:
Software service costs		52,700		52,100
Software product costs		97,100		93,700
Total cost of revenue		149,800		145,800
Gross profit	$	3,380,300	$	3,007,600
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing		442,400		412,300
General and administrative		864,700		1,236,900
Research and development		1,533,000		1,518,700
Total operating expenses		2,840,100		3,167,900
Income (loss) from operations		540,200		(160,300	)
Other income (expense):
Other income (expense)		14,100		129,800
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		554,300		(30,500	)
Provision for income taxes		-		900
Net income (loss)	$	554,300	$	(31,400	)
Net income (loss) per share, basic	$	0.06	$	(0.00	)
Net income (loss) per share, diluted	$	0.05	$	(0.00	)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
Basic		9,821,177		10,150,867
Diluted		10,287,183		10,150,867

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

Revenues

Our software revenue is entirely related to our GO-Global product line, and historically has been primarily derived from product licensing fees and service fees from maintenance contracts. The majority of this revenue has been earned, and continues to be earned, from a limited number of significant customers, most of whom are resellers. Many of our resellers purchase software licenses that they hold in inventory until they are resold to the ultimate end user (a “stocking reseller”).

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When a software license is sold directly to an end user by us, or by one of our resellers who does not stock licenses into inventory, revenue is recognized immediately upon shipment, assuming all other criteria for revenue recognition are met. Consequently, if any significant end user customer substantially changes its order level, or fails to order during the reporting period, whether the order is placed directly with us or through one of our non-stocking resellers, our software licenses revenue could be materially impacted.

Almost all stocking resellers maintain inventories of our Windows products; few stocking resellers maintain inventories of our UNIX products.

The following is a summary of our revenues by category for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

	For the Year Ended
	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		$ Change			% Change
Revenue
Software Licenses
Windows	$	906,300	$	714,800	$	191,500			26.8	%
UNIX/Linux		46,300		98,100		(51,800	)		-52.8	%
Total		952,600		812,900		139,700			17.2	%
Software Service Fees
Windows		2,192,100		1,856,500		335,600			18.1	%
UNIX/Linux		291,500		383,800		(92,300	)		-24.0	%
Total		2,483,600		2,240,300		243,300			10.9	%
Other		93,900		100,200		(6,300	)		-6.3	%
	$	3,530,100	$	3,153,400	$	376,700			11.9	%

Software Licenses

Windows software licenses revenue increased by $191,500 or 26.8% to $906,300 during the year ended December 31, 2019, from $714,800 as compared to 2018. The increase was primarily due to a certain partner that purchased a large order of Window licenses from the Company during the first and third quarter of 2019.

Software licenses revenue from our UNIX/Linux products decreased by $51,800 or 52.8% to $46,300 during the year ended December 31, 2019 from $98,100 as compared to 2018. The decrease was primarily due to lower revenue from lower stocking order licenses.

Software Service Fees

Service fees attributable to our Windows product service increased by $335,600 or 18.1% to $2,192,100 during the year ended December 31, 2019, from $1,856,500 as compared to 2018. The increase was primarily due to a combination of large renewals of maintenance support from OEM partners and an increase of new license orders stated above.

Service fees revenue attributable to our UNIX products decreased by $92,300 or 24.0% to $291,500 during the year ended December 31, 2019, from $383,800 as compared to 2018. The decrease was primarily the result of the lower level of UNIX product sales throughout the prior year and an expiration of certain long-term maintenance contracts. The majority of this decrease was attributable to our European telecommunications customers.

Other

Other revenue consists of private labeling fees and professional services. Other revenue decreased by $6,300 or 6.3% to $93,900 for the year ended December 31, 2019, from $100,200 compared to 2018 due to decrease in branding fees and professional services.

22

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenue is comprised primarily of software service costs, which represent the costs of customer service. Also included in cost of revenue are software product costs, which are primarily comprised of the amortization of capitalized software development costs and costs associated with licenses to third party software included in our product offerings, and the required import tax withholdings from Brazil resellers. We incur no significant shipping or packaging costs as virtually all of our deliveries are made via electronic means over the Internet.

Cost of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 increased by $4,000, or 2.7%, to $149,800 as compared to $145,800 for 2018. Cost of revenue represented 4.2% and 4.6% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Selling and Marketing Expenses

Selling and marketing expenses primarily consisted of employee, outside services and travel and entertainment expenses.

Selling and marketing expenses increased by $30,100, or 7.3%, to $442,400 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $412,300 as compared to 2018. Selling and marketing expenses represented approximately 12.5% and 13.1% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Selling and marketing expenses increased during 2019 due to consulting services and benefit costs.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of employee costs, depreciation and amortization, legal, accounting, other professional services (including those related to our patents), rent, travel and entertainment and insurance. Certain costs associated with being a publicly held corporation are also included in general and administrative expenses, as well as bad debt expense.

General and administrative expenses decreased by $372,200, or 30.1%, to $864,700 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $1,236,900 as compared to 2018. The decrease in general and administrative expense was due to lower legal and accounting costs.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee costs, payments to contract programmers, software subscriptions, travel and entertainment for our engineers, and all rent for our leased engineering facilities.

Research and development expenses increased by $14,300, or 0.9% to $1,533,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $1,518,700 as comparted to 2018. The research and development costs overall remained consistent.

Other Income

Other income for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily related to the settlement and reversal of an accrual for potential liquidated damages that resulted in other income of $155,700, offset by other expenses. There was no such activity in 2019.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2019, we had cash of $1,541,900 and a working capital of $101,800 as compared to cash of $892,500 and a working capital deficit of $716,200 at December 31, 2018. The increase in cash as of December 31, 2019 was primarily the result of cash provided by operations during the period due to increased profitability. We expect our results from operations and capital resources will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months from the date of the filing of this annual report on Form 10-K.

23

The following is a summary of our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

	For the Year Ended
	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities	$	649,200	$	(107,400	)
Cash flows provided by investing activities	$	-	$	-
Cash flows provided by financing activities	$	200	$	(15,500	)

Net cash flows provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 amounted to $649,200, compared to cash flows used in operating activities of $107,400 for the year ended December 31, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2019, our operating cash flow of $649,200 was primarily the result of our net income for the period of $554,300 including non-cash expenses of $225,100 for contributed services, offset by a decrease in cash resulting from a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $62,400. During the year ended December 31, 2018, our cash flows used in operations of $107,400 was primarily the result of our net loss of $31,400 offset by non-cash gains related to changes in our deferred rent and warrant liability which did not reoccur in 2019.

We had no cash flow activity relating to investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2019 or 2018. Our cash flows provided by financing activities amounted to $200 during the year ended December 31, 2019 due to proceeds from the exercise of warrants. Our cash used in financing activities was $15,500 during 2018 due to payments for the repurchase of warrants.

Subsequent to December 31, 2019, we received gross proceeds of $480,191 from the Rights Offering and expect to receive $2.12 million from the closing of the investment pursuant to the Backstop Agreement. We intend to use the proceeds from the Rights Offering and the Backstop Agreement for general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions (although we do not currently have any plans with respect to any acquisition).

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable for smaller reporting companies.

24

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

	Page
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms	25
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018	27
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018	28
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018	29
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018	30
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	31

25

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of

hopTo Inc. and subsidiaries

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of hopTo Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity (deficit) and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ dbbmckennon

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019. 

Newport Beach, CA

April 14, 2020

26

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of

hopTo Inc. and subsidiaries

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of hopTo Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity (deficit) and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Explanatory Paragraph – Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, using the modified retrospective method resulting in a change in method of accounting for revenues.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Marcum llp

Marcum llp

We served as the Company’s auditor from 2018 to 2019.

Chicago, IL

April 1, 2019

27

hopTo Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

	December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,541,900		$	892,500
Accounts receivable, net		271,200			210,800
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		59,000			79,000
Total current assets		1,872,100			1,182,300
Property and equipment, net		-			400
Other assets		17,800			17,800
Total assets	$	1,889,900		$	1,200,500
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	271,900		$	318,700
Accrued expenses		106,000			121,600
Accrued wages		136,400			145,800
Deposit liability		-			12,100
Deferred revenue		1,256,000			1,300,300
Total current liabilities		1,770,300			1,898,500
Long-term liabilities
Deferred revenue		529,500			491,500
Total liabilities		2,299,800			2,390,000
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)
Stockholders’ deficit
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 or 2018		-			-
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 195,000,000 shares authorized, 9,834,866 and 9,804,400 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively		1,000			1,000
Additional paid-in capital		79,523,500			79,298,200
Accumulated deficit		(79,934,400	)		(80,488,700	)
Total stockholders’ deficit		(409,900	)		(1,189,500	)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	1,889,900		$	1,200,500

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

28

hopTo Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

	For the Year Ended
	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Revenues:
Software licenses		952,600		812,900
Software service fees		2,483,600		2,240,300
Other		93,900		100,200
Total Revenue		3,530,100		3,153,400
Cost of Revenue:
Software service costs		52,700		52,100
Software product costs		97,100		93,700
Total cost of revenue		149,800		145,800
Gross profit	$	3,380,300	$	3,007,600
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing		442,400		412,300
General and administrative		864,700		1,236,900
Research and development		1,533,000		1,518,700
Total operating expenses		2,840,100		3,167,900
Income (loss) from operations		540,200		(160,300	)
Other income (expense):
Other income (expense)		14,100		129,800
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		554,300		(30,500	)
Provision for income taxes		-		900
Net income (loss)	$	554,300	$	(31,400	)
Net income (loss) per share, basic	$	0.06	$	(0.00	)
Net income (loss) per share, diluted	$	0.05	$	(0.00	)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
Basic		9,821,177		10,150,867
Diluted		10,287,183		10,150,867

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

29

hopTo Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)

	Common Stock				Additional Paid-In			Accumulated
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Total
Balance at December 31, 2017		9,804,400	$	1,000	$	78,539,300		$	(81,849,200	)	$	(3,308,900	)
Cumulative effect from change of accounting policies		-		-		-			1,391,900			1,391,900
Contributed services		-		-		75,000			-			75,000
Issuance of warrants		-		-		699,400			-			699,400
Payments for repurchase of warrants		-		-		(15,500	)		-			(15,500	)
Net loss		-		-		-			(31,400	)		(31,400	)
Balance at December 31, 2018		9,804,400	$	1,000	$	79,298,200		$	(80,488,700	)	$	(1,189,500	)
Contributed services		-		-		225,100			-			225,100
Exercise of warrants		30,466		-		300			-			300
Other rounding						(100	)					(100	)
Net income		-		-		-			554,300			554,300
Balance at December 31, 2019		9,834,866	$	1,000	$	79,523,500		$	(79,934,400	)	$	(409,900	)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

30

hopTo Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

	For the Year Ended
	December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss)	$	554,300		$	(31,400	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation		400			29,700
Contributed services		225,100			75,000
Changes in allowance for doubtful accounts		3,700			(4,200	)
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		-			700
Changes in deferred rent		-			(74,100	)
Changes to liquidated damage on warrant liability		-			(155,700	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(64,100	)		220,200
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		20,000			33,900
Accounts payable		(46,800	)		67,000
Accrued expenses		(15,600	)		13,900
Accrued wages		(9,400	)		(129,900	)
Deposit liability		(12,100	)		(81,400	)
Deferred revenue		(6,300	)		(71,100	)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		649,200			(107,400	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Payments for repurchase of warrants		-			(15,500	)
Proceeds from exercise of warrants		300			-
Other rounding		(100	)		-
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		200			(15,500	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		649,400			(122,900	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period		892,500			1,015,400
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the period	$	1,541,900		$	892,500
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	-		$	-
Income taxes paid	$	-		$	800
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing information:
Reversal of accrual for liquidated damages	$	-		$	855,100
Issuance of warrants pursuant to reversal of accrual for liquidated damages	$	-		$	699,400

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

31

hopTo Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Organization

hopTo Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries (collectively, “we”, “us,” “our” or the “Company”) are developers of application publishing software which includes application virtualization software and cloud computing software for multiple computer operating systems including Windows, UNIX and several Linux-based variants.

The Company sells a family of products under the brand name GO-Global, which is a software application publishing business and is the Company’s sole revenue source at this time. GO-Global is an application access solution for use and/or resale by independent software vendors, corporate enterprises, governmental and educational institutions, and others, who wish to take advantage of cross-platform remote access and Web-enabled access to their existing software applications, as well as those who are deploying secure, private cloud environments .

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of hopTo Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. The consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) applicable to financial information and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported periods. Amounts could materially change in the future. These estimates include: the amount of stock-based compensation expense; the allowance for doubtful accounts; the estimated lives of property of equipment, valuation and amortization of intangible assets (including capitalized software); depreciation of long-lived assets; valuation of warrants; post-employment benefits; and accruals for liabilities, deferred rent, and taxes. While the Company believes that such estimates are fair, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Certain prior year information has been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.

Liquidity 

The Company has incurred significant net losses since inception. As of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $79,934,400 and a working capital of $101,800, which includes deferred revenue of $1,256,000. Subsequent to December 31, 2019, we received gross proceeds of $480,191 from a rights offering to our stockholders (the “Rights Offering”) and expect to receive $2.12 million from the consummation of a private placement of common stock pursuant to a related backstop agreement (the “Backstop Agreement”). Our ability to continue to generate net income and positive cash flows from operations is dependent on our ability to continue to generate revenue from our legacy GO-Global business, which in turn is subject to a variety of risks. The Company believes its current cash balances coupled with anticipated cash flow from operating activities will be sufficient to meet its working capital requirements for at least one year from the date of the issuance of the accompanying financial statements. The Company continues to control its cash expenses as a percentage of expected revenue on an annual basis and thus may use its cash balances in the short-term to invest in revenue growth. Based on current internal projections, the Company believes it has and/or will generate sufficient cash for its operational needs, for at least one year from the date of issuance of the accompanying financial statements. Management is focused on growing the Company’s existing product offering, as well as its customer base, to increase its revenues. The Company cannot give assurance that it can increase its cash balances or limit its cash consumption and thus maintain sufficient cash balances for its planned operations or future acquisitions. Future business demands may lead to cash utilization at levels greater than recently experienced. The Company may need to raise additional capital in the future. However, the Company cannot assure that it will be able to raise additional capital on acceptable terms, or at all.

32

Revenue Recognition

The Company markets and licenses its products indirectly through channel distributors, independent software vendors (“ISVs”), value-added resellers (“VARs”) (collectively, “resellers”) and directly to hosting service providers, corporate enterprises, governmental and educational institutions and others. Our product licenses are perpetual. We also separately sell intellectual property licenses, maintenance contracts, which are comprised of license updates and customer service access, as well as other products and services.

There are no rights of return granted to purchasers of the Company’s software products. 

The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” Revenues under ASC 606 are recognized when the promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company recorded $1,391,900 to opening accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting ASC 606, with the impact primarily related to deferred license revenue associated with stocking orders placed in prior periods which had not been sold through to end users prior to January 1, 2018.

Effective January 1, 2018, ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, changed the recognition of revenue standards for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2017.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, revenue recognition was determined by

● identifying the contract, or contracts, with a customer;

● identifying the performance obligations in each contract;

● determine the transaction price;

● allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in each contract; and

● recognizing revenue when, or as, we satisfy performance obligations by transferring the promised goods or services

When control of the promised products and services are transferred to our customers, we recognize revenue in the amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for these products and services.

Product Sales

All of our licenses are delivered to the customer electronically. The Company sends the license key to the customer to download the related software from Company portal. We recognize revenue upon delivery of these licenses.  For stocking resellers who purchase licenses through inventory stocking orders with the intent to resell to an end-user, revenue is recognized when the resellers’ accounts have been credited, at their discretion, for the number of licenses purchased.

Maintenance revenue was also recognized from service contracts ratably over the related contract period.

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). This ASU is a comprehensive new revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In August 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 to reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Subsequently, FASB issued ASUs in 2016 containing implementation guidance related to ASU 2014-09, including: ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which is intended to improve the operability and understandability of the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations; ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, which is intended to clarify two aspects of ASC 606: identifying performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance; and ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients, which contains certain practical expedients in response to identified implementation issues. The Company elected to adopt ASC 606 under the Modified Retrospective approach. Under the Modified Retrospective approach, only contracts with customers for which there were remaining unsatisfied performance obligations (open contracts) at the beginning of initial year of adoption must be restated to apply retrospectively the guidance under ASC 606. Any resulting impact for such contracts prior to the beginning of the initial year of adoption are made as an adjustment to opening accumulated deficit for such year.

33

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the Modified Retrospective method. This method required retrospective application of the new accounting standard to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for the reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under ASC 605.

The change to the current revenue policy is the timing of revenue recognition for software licenses purchased by stocking resellers. Under the guidance ASC 605, the Company recognized revenue upon the delivery of licenses to end users when they were purchased from the stocking reseller. Under the guidance ASC 606, license revenue is recognized upon crediting of the licenses to the stocking resellers account for draw down at their discretion after placement of the stocking order by the stocking reseller. During the year ended December 31, 2018, this change in revenue policy resulted in lower license revenue of $231,300 and which had the same impact on gross profit, income (loss) from operations and net income (loss).

The Company recorded $1,391,900 to opening accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting ASC 606, with the impact primarily related to reversal of deferred license revenue associated with stocking orders placed in prior periods which had not been sold through to end users prior to January 1, 2018.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018 under current assets, deferred revenue and accumulated deficit for the adoption ASU 2014-09, Revenue - Revenue from Contracts with Customers were as follows:

Balance Sheet	Balance at December 31, 2017			Adjustments due to ASC 606			Balance at January 1, 2018
Current Assets
Deferred COGS	$	—		$	20,000		$	20,000
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Accumulated Deficit, net of tax	$	(81,849,200	)	$	1,391,900		$	(80,457,300	)
Current Liabilities
Deferred Revenue	$	1,845,100		$	(609,700	)	$	1,235,400
Long Term Liabilities
Deferred Revenue	$	1,409,700		$	(802,200	)	$	607,500

All of the Company’s software licenses are denominated in U.S. dollars.

As a result of the adoption of ASU NO. 2014-09, our 2018 revenues were subject to greater variability.

The Company operates in one reportable segment. The Company’s product sales by geographic area are presented in Note 6.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid holdings with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents as of December 31, 2019 or 2018.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts that reflects our best estimate of potentially uncollectible trade receivables. The allowance is based on assessments of the collectability of specific customer accounts and the general aging and size of the accounts receivable. We regularly review the adequacy of our allowance for doubtful accounts by considering such factors as historical experience, credit worthiness, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. We specifically reserve for those accounts deemed uncollectible. We also establish, and adjust, a general allowance for doubtful accounts based on our review of the aging and size of our accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $7,300 and $3,600, respectively.

34

Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets are assessed for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable, whenever we have committed to a plan to dispose of the assets or, at a minimum, annually. Typically, for long-lived assets to be held and used, measurement of an impairment loss is based on the fair value of such assets, with fair value being determined based on appraisals, current market value, comparable sales value, and discounted future cash flows, among other variables, as appropriate. Assets to be held and used (which assets are affected by an impairment loss) are depreciated or amortized at their new carrying amount over their remaining estimated life; assets to be sold or otherwise disposed of are not subject to further depreciation or amortization. No such impairment charge was recorded during the three or nine months ended December 31, 2019 or 2018.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at historical cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives ranging from three to seven years.

Software Development Costs

Under the criteria set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 985-20, “Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased or Marketed,” development costs incurred in the research and development of new software products are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility, in the form of a working model, has been established, at which time such costs are capitalized until the product is available for general release to customers. The Company did not capitalize any software development costs during 2019 or 2018. The Company makes ongoing evaluations of the recoverability of its capitalized software projects by comparing the net amount capitalized for each product to the estimated net realizable value of the product. If such evaluations indicate that the unamortized software development costs exceed the net realizable value, the Company writes off the amount by which the unamortized software development costs exceed net realizable value.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist principally of cash and trade receivables. The Company places its cash with high quality financial institutions and, by policy, limits the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had approximately $1,291,900 of cash with financial institutions in excess of FDIC insurance limits.

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we currently consider the following to be our most significant customers and partners. For the purposes of this table, “Sales” refers to the dollar value of orders received from these customers and partners in the period indicated. These Sales values do not necessarily equal recognized revenue for these periods due to our revenue recognition policies which require deferral of revenue associated with prepaid software service fees.

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	2019						2018
Customer	% Sales			% Accounts Receivable			% Sales			% Accounts Receivable
Centric System		7.8	%		17.9	%		9.5	%		3.2	%
Elosoft		8.9	%		8.1	%		10.4	%		32.1	%
GE		6.5	%		0.6	%		3.9	%		15.4	%
KitASP		14.0	%		3.0	%		6.2	%		1.7	%
Thermo LabSystems		2.9	%		9.7	%		4.1	%		10.8	%
Uniface		14.3	%		7.5	%		4.2	%		5.1	%
Total		54.4	%		46.8	%		38.3	%		68.3	%

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

In accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share,” the basic income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income (loss) per share reflect per share amounts that would have resulted if diluted potential common stock had been converted to common stock. Dilutive common share equivalents as of December 31, 2019, representing 481,335 outstanding in-the-money warrants, were included in the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share using the Treasury Stock Method. During the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had total common stock equivalents of 106,077 and 353,231 shares, respectively, which excluded from the computation of net income per share because they are anti-dilutive.

Comprehensive Income (Loss)

FASB ASC 220-10, “Reporting Comprehensive Income,” establishes standards for reporting comprehensive income and its components in a financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements. Comprehensive income, as defined, includes all changes in equity (net assets) during the period from non-owner sources. Examples of items to be included in comprehensive income, which are excluded from net income, include foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gain/loss of available-for-sale securities. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, comprehensive income (loss) only included net income (loss) and we did not have components of other comprehensive income (loss).

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company applies the fair value recognition provisions of FASB ASC 718-10, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.”

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses. The carrying amount of these financial instruments approximates fair value due to the nature of the accounts and their short-term maturities.

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The fair value of the Company’s warrants are determined in accordance with FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” which establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the assumptions (inputs) to valuation techniques used to price assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value. The hierarchy, as defined below, gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The guidance for fair value measurements requires that assets and liabilities measured at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:

● Level 1: Defined as observable inputs, such as quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

● Level 2: Defined as observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1. This includes quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

● Level 3: Defined as unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include those whose fair value measurements are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar valuation techniques, as well as significant management judgment or estimation.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Leases

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for most leases on the balance sheet as well as other qualitative and quantitative disclosures. ASU 2016-02 is to be applied using a modified retrospective method and was effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, “Leases (Topic 842),” which provides an optional transition method allowing entities to recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of stockholders’ equity in the period of adoption, with no restatement of comparative prior periods required. The Company adopted the standard using this optional transition method. The Company also made an accounting policy to exclude leases with an initial term of 12 months or less from the balance sheet as permitted under the new guidance.

The Company assessed the impact that the new lease recognition standard had on its consolidated financial statements. As of the adoption date of January 1, 2019, the Company had only one lease, which was for its office space it leases under a month-to-month arrangement for a monthly amount of $4,000, which can be cancelled at any time by either party with a six-month advance notice. As management has elected a policy to exclude leases with an initial term of 12 months of less from the balance sheet presentation required under Topic 842, the office lease has been excluded from balance sheet presentation as it has an original term of 12 months or less. The rent associated with the lease continues to be expensed as incurred. Rent expense for year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, amounted to $48,000 and $48,000, respectively.

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3. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of the following:

	December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Equipment	$	154,300		$	154,300
Furniture and fixtures		1,600			1,600
		155,900			155,900
Less: accumulated depreciation		(155,900	)		(155,500	)
	$	-		$	400

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $400 and $29,700, respectively.

4. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of the following:

	2019		2018
Consulting services	$	2,000	$	10,600
Board of director fees		85,600		85,600
Legal fees		6,400		-
Rent		-		8,000
Royalty fees		-		5,400
Other		12,000		12,100
	$	106,000	$	121,700

5. Stockholders’ Equity

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

In November 2012, the Company’s 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “12 Plan”) was approved by the stockholders. Pursuant to the terms of the 12 Plan, stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted stock units (sometimes referred to individually or collectively as “awards”) may be granted to officers and other employees, non-employee directors and independent consultants and advisors who render services to the Company. The Company is authorized to issue options to purchase up to 643,797 shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights, or restricted stock in accordance with the terms of the 12 Plan.

In the case of a restricted stock award, the entire number of shares subject to such award would be issued at the time of the grant and subject to vesting provisions based on time or other conditions specified by the Board or an authorized committee of the Board. For awards based on time, should the grantee’s service to the Company end before full vesting occurred, all unvested shares would be forfeited and returned to the Company. In the case of awards granted with vesting provisions based on specific performance conditions, if those conditions were not met, then all shares would be forfeited and returned to the Company. Until forfeited, all shares issued under a restricted stock award would be considered outstanding for dividend, voting and other purposes.

Under the 12 Plan, the exercise price of non-qualified stock options granted is to be no less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date the option is granted. The exercise price of incentive stock options granted is to be no less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date the option is granted provided, however, that if the recipient of the incentive stock option owns greater than 10% of the voting power of all shares of the Company’s capital stock then the exercise price will be no less than 110% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date the option is granted. The purchase price of the restricted stock issued under the 12 Plan shall also not be less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date the restricted stock is granted.

All options granted under the 12 Plan are immediately exercisable by the optionee; however, there is a vesting period for the options. The options (and the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of such options) vest, ratably, over a 33-month period; however, no options (and the underlying shares of common stock) vest until after three months from the date of the option grant. The exercise price is immediately due upon exercise of the option. The maximum term of options issued under the 12 Plan is ten years. Shares issued upon exercise of options are subject to the Company’s repurchase, which right lapses as the shares vest. The 12 Plan will terminate no later than November 7, 2022. As of December 31, 2019, 411,593 shares of common stock remained available for issuance under the 12 Plan.

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The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

				Weighted- Average Exercise		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life
	Options			Price		(Years)
Outstanding at December 31, 2017		315,167		$	2.46
Granted		-
Forfeited/cancelled		(197,492	)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		117,675		$	2.57
Granted		-
Forfeited/cancelled		(11,598	)
Exercised		-
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		106,077		$	2.77		1.53
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2019		106,077		$	2.77		1.53
Exercisable at December 31, 2019		106,077		$	2.77		1.53

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2019.

		Options Outstanding						Options Exercisable
						Weighted-				Weighted-
Range of				Average		Average				Average
Exercise		Number		Remaining		Exercise		Number		Exercise
Price		of Shares		Life (Years)		Price		of Shares		Price
$	0.75 - 1.00		27,527		0.56	$	0.82		27,527	$	0.82
	1.79 - 4.00		63,684		1.87		3.21		63,684		3.21
	4.20 - 6.68		14,866		1.90		4.46		14,866		4.46
			106,077						106,077

Warrants

During the year ended December 31, 2018, pursuant to a settlement agreement to issue warrants to purchase 564,556 shares of the Company’s Common stock, we derecognized the accrued liability for potential liquidated damages of $855,100 by crediting additional paid-in Capital for $699,400 and other income for $155,700. Following the issuance, the Company purchased back 52,755 shares from certain warrant holders.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company issued 30,466 shares of common stock for the exercise of warrants. As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, the Company had 481,335 and 622,912 warrants outstanding, respectively. The warrants outstanding at December 31, 2019 are all exercisable at $0.01 and have an expiration date of May 20, 2023.

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The following summarized changes in the number of warrants outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

	Warrants
Outstanding at December 31, 2017		698,119
Granted		564,556
Repurchase		(52,755	)
Forfeited/cancelled		(587,008	)
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		622,912
Granted		-
Forfeited/cancelled		(111,111	)
Exercised		(30,466	)
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		481,335

6. Sales by Geographical Location

Revenue by country for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was as follows.

	For the Year Ended
	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Revenue by Country
United States	$	1,133,400	$	1,188,500
Brazil		580,800		652,700
Japan		410,000		236,600
Germany		175,800		177,100
The Netherlands		445,100		144,800
Other Countries		785,000		753,700
Total	$	3,530,100	$	3,153,400

7. Income Taxes

The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of the following:

	2019		2018
Current
Federal	$	—	$	—
State		—		—
Foreign		—		900
	$	—	$	900
Deferred
Federal	$	—	$	—
State		—		—
Foreign		—		—
		—		—
Total	$	—	$	900

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The following table summarizes the differences between income tax expense and the amount computed applying the federal income tax rate of 21% for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively:

	2019			2018
Federal income tax (benefit) at statutory rate	$	116,400		$	(6,600)
State income tax (benefit) at statutory rate		13,900			(900)
Foreign tax rate differential		—			900
SBC – NQ cancellations		(2,700	)		(83,900)
Change in valuation allowance		(284,900	)		(92,800)
Meals and entertainment (50%)		1,000			700
Prior year true-up adjustments		103,400			165,300
Deferred compensation		—			17,800
Contributed services		52,900			—
Other items		—			400
Provision (benefit) for income tax	$	—		$	900

Deferred income taxes and benefits result from temporary timing differences in the recognition of certain expense and income items for tax and financial reporting purposes. The following table sets forth those differences as of December 31, 2019 and 2018:

	2019			2018
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	13,702,300		$	13,870,200
Tax credit carryforwards		977,500			977,500
Compensation expense – non-qualified stock options		69,000			166,800
Deferred revenue and maintenance service contracts		419,800			425,000
Depreciation, amortization, and capitalized software		—			11,300
Reserves and other		58,200			52,400
Total deferred tax assets		15,226,800			15,503,100
Deferred tax liability – depreciation, amortization and capitalized software		—			—
Net deferred tax asset		15,226,800			15,503,100
Valuation allowance		(15,226,800	)		(15,503,100	)
Net deferred tax asset	$	—		$	—

For financial reporting purposes, with the exception of the years ended December 31, 2019, the Company has incurred a loss in each year since inception. Based on the available objective evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will not be fully realizable. Accordingly, the Company has provided a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2019 and 2018. The net change in the valuation allowance was decreased by $276,000 and $139,000 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

At December 31, 2019, the Company had approximately $62.9 million of federal net operating loss carryforwards and approximately $6.9 million of California state net operating loss carryforwards available to reduce future taxable income. The federal loss carryforwards began to expire in 2019 and the California state loss carry forwards begin to expire in 2028. Under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, the amount of benefits from net operating loss carryforwards may be impaired or limited if the Company incurs a cumulative ownership change of more than 50%, as defined, over a three-year period.

At December 31, 2019, the Company had approximately $0.9 million of federal research and development tax credits that began to expire in 2018.

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8. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

Our headquarters in Concord, NH is a month-to-month rent basis, requiring a six-month notice from the lessor to terminate. Rent on the corporate headquarters continues at $4,000 per month. Rent expense aggregated approximately $48,000 for both years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Contingencies

Under its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Second Amended and Restated Bylaws and certain agreements with officers and directors, the Company has agreed to indemnify its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences arising as a result of the officer’s or director’s serving in such capacity. Generally, the term of the indemnification period is for the officer’s or director’s lifetime. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is limited as the Company currently has a directors and officers liability insurance policy that limits its exposure and enables it to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. The Company believes the estimated fair value of these indemnification agreements is minimal and has no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2019.

The Company enters into indemnification provisions under (i) its agreements with other companies in its ordinary course of business, including contractors and customers and (ii) its agreements with investors. Under these provisions, the Company generally indemnifies and holds harmless the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party as a result of the Company’s activities or, in some cases, as a result of the indemnified party’s activities under the agreement. These indemnification provisions often include indemnifications relating to representations made by the Company with regard to intellectual property rights, and often survive termination of the underlying agreement. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification provisions is unlimited. The Company has not incurred material costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. As a result, the Company believes the estimated fair value of these agreements is minimal. Accordingly, the Company has no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2019.

The Company’s software license agreements also generally include a performance guarantee that the Company’s software products will operate substantially as described in the applicable program documentation for a period of 90 days after delivery. The Company also generally warrants that services that the Company performs will be provided in a manner consistent with reasonably applicable industry standards. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs associated with these warranties and has no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of December 31, 2019.

Profit Sharing Plans

The Company has adopted a 401(k) plan to provide retirement benefits for employees under which the Company makes discretionary matching contributions. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company contributed a total of $14,100 and $17,400, respectively.

9. Related Party Transactions

On December 28, 2018, the Company entered into an agreement with an unaffiliated stockholder of the Company to acquire 450,000 shares of the Company’s common stock and warrants to purchase an aggregate of 48,896 shares of the Company’s common stock for an aggregate cash consideration of $149,700. The Company agreed to assign its right to purchase 450,000 shares of common stock under the purchase agreement to a member of the Company’s board of directors and an entity controlled by a member of the Company’s board of directors and an executive officer at the company named Novelty Capital Partners LP.

A member of our board of directors controls an entity named Novelty Capital Partners LP that is a significant shareholder in the Company and also serves as the Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer of the Company. The related party has served in these executive roles providing management services to the Company since September 4, 2018; however, does not receive salary or other forms of cash compensation. Management has estimated the market rate for the services rendered for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 as $225,100 and $75,000, respectively. The services have been recorded in the financial statements as a capital contribution.

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On January 31, 2020, we entered into the Backstop Agreement with a consortium of accredited investors, including all of our directors and led by Novelty Capital Partners LP, pursuant to which such investors agreed to purchase in a private placement, at $0.30 per share, up to $2.41 million of shares of our common stock. The consummation of the investment pursuant to the Backstop Agreement was conditioned on the closing of the Rights Offering. The Rights Offering expired on March 31, 2020. While upon the closing of the Rights Offering, we anticipated that the Backstop Agreement would close by April 14, 2020, as of the filing of this Annual Report on Form 10-K the Backstop Agreement has not closed and we now expect to consummate the Backstop Agreement transactions by the end of April 2020.

At the closing of the Rights Offering, we received gross proceeds of $480,191 in exchange for 1.6 million shares of common stock. Pursuant to the Backstop Agreement, we expect to receive proceeds of $2.12 million in exchange for the issuance of 7.0 million restricted shares of common stock.

10. Subsequent Events

See Note 9 above regarding the Rights Offering and Backstop Agreement.

Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Security and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer), as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2019.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has not been any change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer and effected by our Board of Directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and includes those policies and procedures that:

● pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; and

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● provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and

● provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material impact on the financial statements.

Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Our evaluation of internal control over financial reporting includes using the criteria in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013), an integrated framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, for the evaluation of internal control to identify the risks and control objectives related to the evaluation of our control environment.

Based on our evaluation under the framework described above, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Our management’s report was not subject to attestation by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission that permit us to provide only management’s report in this Annual Report.

Item 9B. Other Information

Not applicable.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to hopTo’s Proxy Statement for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

hopTo has adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all its employees, including its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer. hopTo will provide a copy of its Code of Ethics to any person without charge upon written request to:

hopTo, Inc..

6 Loudon Road, Suite 200

Concord, NH 03301

Attn: Chief Executive Officer

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to hopTo’s Proxy Statement for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

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Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to hopTo’s Proxy Statement for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to hopTo’s Proxy Statement for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to hopTo’s Proxy Statement for its 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a) Financial Statements

Our financial statements as set forth in the Index to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K are hereby incorporated by reference.

(b) Exhibits

The following exhibits, which are numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K, are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or, as noted, incorporated by reference herein:

Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant, as amended (1)
3.2	Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of GraphOn Corporation (19)
3.3	Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of hopTo Inc. (28)
3.4	Certificate of Designation of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock of hopTo Inc. (31)
3.5	Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant (2)
4.1	Form of certificate evidencing shares of common stock of Registrant (3)
4.2	Form of Warrant issued on September 1, 2011 (4)
4.3	Warrant to Purchase Common Stock, dated October 11, 2011 (5)
4.4	Exercise Agreement, dated June 17, 2013 (including Allonge to 2011 warrants) (20)
4.5	Form of New Warrant issued on June 17, 2013 (20)

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4.6	Registration Rights Agreement, dated June 17, 2013 (20)
4.7	Form of Warrant issued on January 7, 2014 (21)
4.8	Registration Rights Agreement, dated January 7, 2014 (21)
4.9	Rights Agreement, dated as of February 16, 2018, by and between hopTo Inc. and American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC, as rights agent (31)
4.10	Description of the Capital Stock
10.1*	Restricted Stock Agreement (1 of 2) with Eldad Eilam dated August 15, 2012 (15)
10.2*	Restricted Stock Agreement (2 of 2) with Eldad Eilam dated August 15, 2012 (15)
10.3*	Restricted Stock Agreement with Christoph Berlin dated August 15, 2012 (15)
10.4*	Restricted Stock Agreement with Robert Dixon dated August 15, 2012 (15)
10.5	Separation Agreement, dated April 12, 2012, between Registrant and Robert Dilworth (14)
10.6	Release, dated April 12, 2012, between Registrant and Robert Dilworth (14)
10.7	1998 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan of Registrant (7)
10.8	Supplemental Stock Option Agreement, dated as of June 23, 2000 (7)
10.9	2005 Equity Incentive Plan (8)
10.10	2008 Equity Incentive Plan, as Amended (9)
10.11*	Employment Agreement, dated August 21, 2013, by and between Registrant and Eldad Eilam (16)
10.12*	Director Severance Plan (11)
10.13*	Key Employee Severance Plan (11)
10.14	Securities Purchase Agreement, dated September 1, 2011 (4)
10.15	Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated September 1, 2011 (4)
10.16(a)*	Engagement Agreement, dated October 11, 2011, by and between Registrant and ipCapital Group, Inc. (5)
10.16(b)*	First Addendum to the Engagement Agreement by and between Registrant and ipCapital Group, Inc., dated as of November 7, 2011 (12)
10.16(c)*	Second Addendum to the Engagement Agreement by and between Registrant and ipCapital Group, Inc., dated as of November 14, 2011 (12)
10.16(d)*	Third Addendum to the Engagement Agreement by and between Registrant and ipCapital Group, Inc., dated as of January 20, 2012 (13)
10.17	First Amendment to Office Lease between Registrant and CA-Pruneyard Limited Partnership, dated as of October 7, 2013 (27)

46

10.18	Consulting Agreement, dated February 1, 2012, by and between Registrant and Steven Ledger/Tamalpais Partners LLC (22)
10.19	Amendment to Consulting Agreement, by and between Registrant and Steven Ledger/Tamalpais Partners, LLC, dated August 1, 2013 (16)
10.20	Intellectual Property Brokerage Agreement by and between Registrant and ipCapital Licensing Company I, LLC, dated as of February 4, 2013 (17)
10.21*	Consulting Agreement, dated March 29, 2013, by and between Registrant and Gordon Watson (23)
10.22*	Consulting Agreement, dated November 18, 2013, by and between Registrant and ipCreate, Inc. (24)
10.23	Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 7, 2014 (21)
10.24*	Consulting Agreement, dated March 17, 2014, by and between Registrant and Steven Ledger (25)
10.25	Separation Agreement, dated March 12, 2014, by and between Registrant and Christoph Berlin (25)
10.26	Employment Letter dated April 30, 2014 and executed May 5, 2014 between Registrant and Jean-Louis Casabonne (26)
10.27	Sublease dated August 11, 2015, by and between Registrant and CDNetworks (32)
10.28	Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 24, 2015 (29)
10.29	Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2015 (29)
10.30	Lease Agreement effective October 1, 2015 between the Registrant and Heritage Village Offices (30)
10.31	Patent Purchase Agreement dated October 10, 2017 (33)
14.1	Code of Ethics (6)
21.1	Subsidiaries of Registrant
23.1	Consent of dbbMcKennon
23.2	Consent of Marcum LLP
31	Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended.
32	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (furnished, not filed)
101	The following financial information from Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, formatted in eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (18)

*Management or compensatory plan or arrangement

	(1)	Filed on April 2, 2007 as an exhibit to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2006, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
	(2)	Filed on March 31, 2010 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
	(3)	Filed on September 19, 1996 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 and incorporated herein by reference. (File No. 333-11165)
,	(4)	Filed on September 8, 2011 as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
	(5)	Filed on October 13, 2011 as an exhibit to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
	(6)	Filed on March 30, 2004 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
	(7)	Filed on June 23, 2000 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 333-40174)
	(8)	Filed on November 25, 2005 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the Registrant’s 2005 Annual Meeting, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)

47

(9)	Filed on September 29, 2011 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 and incorporated herein by reference. (File No. 333-177069)
(10)	Reserved.
(11)	Filed on November 14, 2011 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(12)	Filed on November 23, 2011 as an exhibit to Amendment No. 1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 333-177073)
(13)	Filed on February 14, 2012 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(14)	Filed on May 21, 2012 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(15)	Filed on November 14, 2012 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly reporting period ended September 30, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(16)	Filed on August 27, 2013 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated August 21, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(17)	Filed on February 19, 2013 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(18)	Submitted electronically with the original Form 10-K.
(19)	Filed on September 10, 2013 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated September 9, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(20)	Filed on June 24, 2013 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 17, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(21)	Filed on January 13, 2014 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 7, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(22)	Filed on April 16, 2012 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(23)	Filed on April 3, 2013 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 29, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(24)	Filed on December 12, 2013 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated December 11, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(25)	Filed on March 18, 2014 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 12, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(26)	Filed on May 12, 2014 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated March 9, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(27)	Filed on March 31, 2014 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(28)	Filed on February 1, 2016 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated January 27, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(29)	Filed on July 30, 2015 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated July 24, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(30)	Filed on September 10, 2015 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 and incorporated herein by reference. (File No. 333-206861)
(31)	Filed on February 16, 2018 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, dated February 16, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(32)	Filed on March 30, 2016 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)
(33)	Filed on April 1, 2019 as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and incorporated herein by reference. (File number 000-21683)

(c) Financial Statement Schedule

Not applicable for smaller reporting companies.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY.

None.

48

SIGNATURES 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	hopTo Inc.
April 14, 2020	By:	/s/ Jonathon R. Skeels
		Jonathon R. Skeels
		Chief Executive Officer, Interim Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Jonathon R. Skeels	Chief Executive Officer, Interim Chief Financial Officer	April 14, 2020
Jonathon R. Skeels	(Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/ Jean-Louis Casabonne	Director	April 14, 2020
Jean-Louis Casabonne
/s/ Richard S. Chernicoff	Director	April 14, 2020
Richard S. Chernicoff
/s/ Thomas C. Stewart	Director	April 14, 2020
Thomas C. Steward

49