Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

3. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of hopTo Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “we”, “us”, “our”, or “Company”); significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include: the amount of stock-based compensation expense; the allowance for doubtful accounts; the estimated lives, valuation and amortization of intangible assets (including capitalized software); depreciation of long-lived assets; valuation of warrants; post-employment benefits; and accruals for liabilities and taxes. While the Company believes that such estimates are fair, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Cash Equivalents. The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with remaining maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents at either December 31, 2016 or 2015.

Property and Equipment. Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, between three and seven years. Amortization of leasehold improvements is calculated using the straight-line method over the lesser of the lease term or useful lives of the respective assets, between three and seven years.

Shipping and Handling. Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of revenue for all periods presented.

Software Development Costs. Under the criteria set forth in Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 985-20, “Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased or Marketed,” development costs incurred in the research and development of new software products are expensed as incurred until technological feasibility, in the form of a working model, has been established, at which time such costs are capitalized until the product is available for general release to customers. The Company capitalized $0 and $12,000 of costs meeting the criteria incurred during 2016 and 2015, respectively. Such capitalized costs are subsequently amortized as costs of revenue over the shorter of three years or the remaining estimated useful life of the product. Amortization of capitalized computer software development costs is included in the product cost under cost of revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company makes ongoing evaluations of the recoverability of its capitalized software projects by comparing the net amount capitalized for each product to the estimated net realizable value of the product. If such evaluations indicate that the unamortized software development costs exceed the net realizable value, the Company writes off the amount by which the unamortized software development costs exceed net realizable value (see Note 4).

Revenue Recognition. The Company markets and licenses products indirectly through channel distributors, independent software vendors (“ISVs”), value-added resellers (“VARs”) (collectively “resellers”) and directly to corporate enterprises, governmental and educational institutions and others. Its product licenses are perpetual. The Company also separately sells intellectual property licenses, maintenance contracts (which are comprised of license updates and customer service access), and other products and services.

Software license revenues are recognized when:

● Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists (i.e., when the Company signs a non-cancelable license agreement wherein the customer acknowledges an unconditional obligation to pay, or upon receipt of the customer’s purchase order), and

● Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered and there are no uncertainties surrounding product acceptance (i.e., when title and risk of loss have been transferred to the customer, which generally occurs when the media containing the licensed program(s) is provided to a common carrier or, in the case of electronic delivery, when the customer is given access to the licensed programs), and

● The price to the customer is fixed or determinable, as typically evidenced in a signed non-cancelable contract, or a customer’s purchase order, and

● Collectability is probable. If collectability is not considered probable, revenue is recognized when the fee is collected.

Revenue recognized on software arrangements involving multiple deliverables is allocated to each deliverable based on vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) or third party evidence of the fair values of each deliverable; such deliverables include licenses for software products, maintenance, private labeling fees, or customer training. The Company limits its assessment of VSOE for each deliverable to either the price charged when the same deliverable is sold separately or the price established by management having the relevant authority to do so, for a deliverable not yet sold separately.

If sufficient VSOE of fair value does not exist, so as to permit the allocation of revenue to the various elements of the arrangement, all revenue from the arrangement is deferred until such evidence exists or until all elements are delivered. If VSOE of the fair value does not exist and the only undelivered element is maintenance, then we recognize revenue on a ratable basis. If VSOE of the fair value of all undelivered elements exists but evidence does not exist for one or more delivered elements, then revenue is recognized using the residual method. Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee is recognized as revenue.

Certain resellers (“stocking resellers”) purchase product licenses that they hold in inventory until they are resold to the ultimate end-user (an “inventory stocking order”). At the time that a stocking reseller places an inventory stocking order, no product licenses are shipped by the Company to the stocking reseller rather, the stocking reseller’s inventory is credited with the number of licenses purchased and the stocking reseller can resell (issue) any number of licenses from their inventory at any time. Upon receipt of an order to issue one or more licenses from a stocking reseller’s inventory (a “draw down order”), the Company will ship the licenses(s) in accordance with the draw down order’s instructions. The Company defers recognition of revenue from inventory stocking orders until the underlying licenses are sold and shipped to the end user, as evidenced by the receipt and fulfillment of the stocking reseller’s draw down order, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

There are no rights of return granted to purchasers of the Company’s software products.

Revenue is recognized from maintenance contracts ratably over the related contract period, which generally ranges from one to five years.

All of the Company’s software licenses are denominated in U.S. dollars.

Deferred Rent. The leases for both the Company’s current office in Campbell, California and the subleased former office in Campbell, California contain free rent and predetermined fixed escalations in our minimum rent payments (See Notes 8 and 13). Rent expense related to these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the leases. Any difference between the straight-line rent amounts and amounts payable under the leases is recorded as part of deferred rent in current or long-term liabilities, as appropriate. The monthly rent payments due to the Company for the sublease of the office at 1919 S. Bascom Avenue fully offsets the rent payments due under the Company’s lease for that space.

Incentives received upon entering into the lease agreement are recognized on a straight-line basis as a reduction to rent over the term of the lease. The unamortized portion of these incentives are recorded as a part of deferred rent in current or long-term liabilities, as appropriate.

Post-employment Benefits (Severance Liability). Nonretirement postemployment benefits, including salary continuation, supplemental unemployment benefits, severance benefits, disability-related benefits and continuation of benefits such as health care benefits, are recognized as a liability and a loss when it is probable that the employee(s) will be entitled to such benefits and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The cost of termination benefits recognized as a liability and an expense includes the amount of any lump-sum payments and the present value of any expected future payments. During 2016 and 2015, we recorded severance expense of $5,000 for a former staff-level employee and $42,100 for a former vice-president level employee, respectively. An aggregate $0 is reported as a severance liability at both December 31, 2016 and 2015.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts that reflects our best estimate of potentially uncollectible trade receivables. Such allowance is based on assessments of the collectability of specific customer accounts and the general aging and size of the accounts receivable. We regularly review the adequacy of our allowance for doubtful accounts by considering such factors as historical experience, credit worthiness, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. We specifically reserve for those accounts deemed uncollectible. We also establish, and adjust, a general allowance for doubtful accounts based on our review of the aging and size of our accounts receivable. The following table illustrates the details of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:

	Beginning Balance		Charge Offs			Recoveries		Provision			Ending Balance
2016	$	17,300	$	(3,700	)	$	—	$	(5,900	)	$	7,700
2015	$	32,600	$	—		$	—	$	(15,300	)	$	17,300

Income Taxes. In accordance with FASB ASC 740-10-05, “Income Taxes,” the Company performed a comprehensive review of uncertain tax positions as of December 31, 2016. In this regard, an uncertain tax position represents the expected treatment of a tax position taken in a filed tax return, or planned to be taken in a future tax return, that has not been reflected in measuring income tax expense for financial reporting purposes.

The Company and one or more of its subsidiaries are subject to United States federal income taxes, as well as income taxes of multiple state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company and its subsidiaries are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2011. There are no tax examinations currently underway for any of the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ tax returns for years subsequent to 2010.

The Company’s policy for deducting interest and penalties is to treat interest as interest expense and penalties as taxes. The Company had not accrued any amount for the payment of interest or penalties related to any uncertain tax positions at either December 31, 2016 or 2015, as its review of such positions indicated that such potential positions were minimal.

Under FASB ASC 740-10-05, “Income Taxes,” deferred income taxes are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and income tax bases of assets, liabilities and net loss carryforwards using enacted tax rates. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not expected to be realized. Realization is dependent upon future pre-tax earnings, the reversal of temporary differences between book and tax income, and the expected tax rates in effect in future periods.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The fair value of the Company’s accounts receivable, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximate their carrying amounts due to the relative short maturities of these items.

The fair value of the Company’s warrants are determined in accordance with FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement,” which establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the assumptions (inputs) to valuation techniques used to price assets or liabilities that are measured at fair value. The hierarchy, as defined below, gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The guidance for fair value measurements requires that assets and liabilities measured at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:

● Level 1: Defined as observable inputs, such as quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

● Level 2: Defined as observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1. This includes quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

● Level 3: Defined as unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include those whose fair value measurements are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar valuation techniques, as well as significant management judgment or estimation.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, all of the Company’s $0 and $31,600 Warrants Liability reported at fair value, respectively, were categorized as Level 3 inputs (see Note 9).

Derivative Financial Instruments. The Company currently does not have a material exposure to either commodity prices or interest rates; accordingly, it does not currently use derivative instruments to manage such risks. The Company evaluates all of its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives. All derivative financial instruments are recognized in the balance sheet at fair value. Changes in fair value are recognized in earnings if they are not eligible for hedge accounting or in other comprehensive income if they qualify for cash flow hedge accounting.

Long-Lived Assets. Long-lived assets are assessed for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable, whenever the Company has committed to a plan to dispose of the assets or, at a minimum, annually. Typically, for long-lived assets to be held and used, measurement of an impairment loss is based on the fair value of such assets, with fair value being determined based on appraisals, current market value, comparable sales value, and undiscounted future cash flows, among other variables, as appropriate. Assets to be held and used affected by an impairment loss are depreciated or amortized at their new carrying amount over their remaining estimated life; assets to be sold or otherwise disposed of are not subject to further depreciation or amortization. During 2016 and 2015, we determined that there was an impairment of $15,500 and $182,400, respectively, associated with certain capitalized software development expense (see Note 4).

Loss Contingencies. The Company is subject to the possibility of various loss contingencies arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company considers the likelihood of the loss or impairment of an asset or the incurrence of a liability as well as its ability to reasonably estimate the amount of loss in determining loss contingencies. An estimated loss contingency is accrued when it is probable that a liability has been incurred or an asset has been impaired and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company regularly evaluates current information available to it to determine whether such accruals should be adjusted. No such loss contingency was recorded during the year ended December 31, 2016.

Stock-Based Compensation. The Company applies the fair value recognition provisions of FASB ASC 718-10, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.”

Valuation and Expense Information Under FASB ASC 718-10

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $324,400 and $757,500 in the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. No expense was capitalized related to software development. As required by FASB ASC 718-10, the Company estimates forfeitures of employee stock-based awards and recognizes compensation cost only for those awards expected to vest. Forfeiture rates are estimated based on an analysis of historical experience and are adjusted to actual forfeiture experience as needed.

During 2016, we awarded 35,000 shares of restricted common stock to seven members of our board of advisors. The valuation of the restricted common stock awards was based on the closing fair market value of our common stock on the grant date. For these awards, such fair market value was $1.65 per share. These shares were canceled in the three month period ended September 2016.

For all options granted during 2016 and 2015, the Company set the exercise price equal to the closing fair market value of the Company’s common stock as of the date of grant. We did not issue any options during 2016.

The following table illustrates the non-cash stock-based compensation expense recorded during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 by income statement classification:

	2016		2015
Cost of revenue	$	5,600	$	9,000
Selling and marketing expense		69,200		148,700
General and administrative expense		156,000		499,500
Research and development expense		93,600		100,300
	$	324,400	$	757,500

The Company estimated the fair value of each option grant made during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 on the date of grant using a binomial model, with the assumptions set forth in the following table:

	2016		2015
Estimated volatility		-		103	%
Annualized forfeiture rate		-		0	%
Expected option term (years)		-		10.00
Estimated exercise factor		-		15.0
Approximate risk-free interest rate		-		0.74	%
Expected dividend yield		—		—

The estimated annualized forfeiture rate was based on an analysis of historical data and considered the impact of events such as work force reductions we carried out in previous years. The expected term of our stock-based awards was based on historical award holder exercise patterns and considered the market performance of our common stock and other items. The estimated exercise factor was based on an analysis of historical data; historical exercise patterns; and a comparison of historical and current share prices. The approximate risk free interest rate was based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury issues with remaining terms equivalent to our expected term on our stock-based awards.

The Company used the average historical volatility of its daily closing price for a period of time equal in length to the expected option term for the option being issued. The period of time over which historical volatility was measured ended on the last day of the quarterly reporting period during which the stock-based award was made.

The Company does not anticipate paying dividends on its common stock for the foreseeable future.

Earnings Per Share of Common Stock. FASB ASC 260-10, “Earnings Per Share,” provides for the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share includes no dilution and is computed by dividing loss attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution of securities by adding other common stock equivalents, including common stock options, warrants, and unreleased (unvested) restricted stock awards in the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for a period, if dilutive. Potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation if their effect is antidilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, 1,382,841 and 2,224,195 shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, respectively, since their effect would be antidilutive.

Comprehensive Loss. FASB ASC 220-10, “Reporting Comprehensive Income,” establishes standards for reporting comprehensive income and its components in a financial statement that is displayed with the same prominence as other financial statements. Comprehensive income, as defined, includes all changes in equity (net assets) during the period from non-owner sources. Examples of items to be included in comprehensive income, which are excluded from net income, include foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gain/loss of available-for-sale securities. The individual components of comprehensive income (loss) are reflected in the consolidated statement of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, there were no changes in equity (net assets) from non-owner sources.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements.

In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-20, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2016-20”). ASU 2016-20 is intended to provide further technical corrections and improvements to ASU 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”. This update provides specific amendments to thirteen separate issues, many of which are not applicable to the Company’s operation. The Company has reviewed the various amendments and does not believe that they will have any impact our consolidated financial statements beyond what we would expect from the adoption of ASU 2014-09.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 clarifies whether eight specifically identified cash flow issues should be categorized as operating, investing or financing activities in the statement of cash flows. The guidance will be effective for the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that year. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 is intended to provide financial statement users with more useful information about expected credit losses on financial assets held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. The new standard replaces the existing incurred loss impairment methodology with a methodology that requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable forward-looking information to estimate all expected credit losses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2019 and early adoption is permitted for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12—Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients. The amendments in ASU 2016-12 affect only some of the narrow aspects of Topic 606 including the collectability criterion, presentation of sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from customers, noncash consideration, and treatment of certain contract modifications at transition. Similar to ASU 2014-09, as discussed below, the effective date will be the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 with early adoption permitted in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact that adoption of this new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10—Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing to clarify certain aspects of ASU 2014-09. The amendments in ASU 2016-10 are expected to reduce the cost and complexity of applying the guidance on identifying promised goods or services in contracts with customers and to improve the operability and understandability of licensing implementation guidance related to the entity’s intellectual property. Similar to ASU 2014-09, the effective date will be the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 with early adoption permitted in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact that adoption of this new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09—Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. This update simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payments, including immediate recognition of all excess tax benefits and deficiencies in the income statement, changing the threshold to qualify for equity classification up to the employees’ maximum statutory tax rates, allowing an entity-wide accounting policy election to either estimate the number of awards that are expected to vest or account for forfeitures as they occur, and clarifying the classification on the statement of cash flows for the excess tax benefit and employee taxes paid when an employer withholds shares for tax-withholding purposes. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 including interim periods within that reporting period. We are currently evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements upon the adoption of this guidance.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08—Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net). This update seeks to further clarify the implementation guidance on principal versus agent considerations under the new revenue recognition standard, ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Similar to ASU 2014-09, the effective date will be the first quarter of fiscal year 2018 with early adoption permitted in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact that adoption of this new standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Under this guidance, an entity is required to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on its balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. This guidance offers specific accounting guidance for a lessee, a lessor and sale and leaseback transactions. Lessees and lessors are required to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about leasing arrangements to enable a user of the financial statements to assess the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period, and requires a modified retrospective adoption, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements upon the adoption of this guidance.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes (“ASU 2015-17”). The ASU is part of the Board’s simplification initiative aimed at reducing complexity in accounting standards and requires companies to classify all deferred tax assets and liabilities, along with any related valuation allowance, as noncurrent on the balance sheet. Although ASU 2015-17 isn’t required for public companies to implement until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 (and private companies until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017), early adoption is allowed. We have decided to adopt ASU 2015-17 early and have classified all of our deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent on the balance sheet. We early adopted ASU 2015-17 as the Company considers this change an improvement in the usefulness of information provided to users of the Company’s financial statements. The Company applied the standard prospectively and did not retrospectively adjust any prior periods. Retrospective adjustments were immaterial to the Company’s total current assets and the adoption had no impact on our results of operation.

In August 2015, FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” – Deferral of the Effective Date (“ASU 2015-14”). The purpose of this update is to defer the effective date of ASU 2014-09, detailed below, by one year. Therefore, ASU 2014-09 is now to be effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within such annual period.

In April 2015, FASB issued ASU No. 2015-05 “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing Arrangement” (“ASU 2013-05”). The objective of ASU 2015-05 is to provide guidance to reporting entities in the accounting for fees paid in a cloud computing arrangement. Specifically, if a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the entity should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the entity should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The guidance will not change GAAP for an entity’s accounting for service contracts. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015, including interim periods within those annual periods. Therefore, ASU 2015-05 is now effective. Adoption of this standard has had no impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial position as the Company has no cloud computing arrangements to which it applies.

In August 2014, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-15 “Preparation of Financial Statements - Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40).” Under U.S. GAAP, continuation of a reporting entity as a going concern is presumed as the basis for preparing financial statements unless and until the entity’s liquidation becomes imminent. Preparation of financial statements under this presumption is commonly referred to as the going concern basis of accounting. If and when an entity’s liquidation becomes imminent, financial statements should be prepared under the liquidation basis of accounting in accordance with Subtopic 205-30, Presentation of Financial Statements-Liquidation Basis of Accounting. Even when an entity’s liquidation is not imminent, there may be conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. In those situations, financial statements should continue to be prepared under the going concern basis of accounting, but the amendments in the update should be followed to determine whether to disclose information about the relevant conditions and events. The amendments in this ASU are effective for the annual period ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Therefore ASU 2014-15 is now effective. We have evaluated the going concern considerations in this ASU and have determined that it is appropriate to provide additional disclosure to our consolidated financial statements (see Note 2).

In May 2014, FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 is the end result of a joint project initiated by FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). IASB is the body that sets International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”). The goal of FASB’s and IASB’s joint project was to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and to develop a common revenue standard for U.S. GAAP and under IFRS. Specifically, ASU 2014-09:

1.	Removes inconsistencies and weaknesses in revenue requirements.
2.	Provides a more robust framework for addressing revenue issues.
3.	Improves comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities, industries, jurisdictions, and capital markets.
4.	Provides more useful information to users of financial statements through improved disclosure requirements.
5.	Simplifies the preparation of financial statements by reducing the number of requirements to which an entity must refer.

The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within such annual period. Early adoption is not permitted. We are currently evaluating this ASU in order to determine whether or not its adoption will have a material impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial position.