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Significant Accounting Policies
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Significant Accounting Policies
2.  Significant Accounting Policies
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates include: the amount of stock-based compensation expense; the allowance for doubtful accounts; the estimated lives, valuation, and amortization of intangible assets (including capitalized software); depreciation of long-lived assets; and accruals for liabilities. While the Company believes that such estimates are fair, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
 
Revenue Recognition
 
The Company markets and licenses its products indirectly through channel distributors, independent software vendors (“ISVs”), value-added resellers (“VARs”) (collectively “resellers”) and directly to corporate enterprises, governmental and educational institutions and others.  Its product licenses are generally perpetual.  The Company also separately sells intellectual property licenses, maintenance contracts, which are comprised of license updates and customer service access, as well as other products and services.

Generally, software license revenues are recognized when:

  • Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (i.e., when the Company signs a non-cancelable license agreement wherein the customer acknowledges an unconditional obligation to pay, or upon receipt of the customer’s purchase order), and
  • Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered and there are no uncertainties surrounding product acceptance (i.e., when title and risk of loss have been transferred to the customer, which generally occurs when the media containing the licensed program(s) is provided to a common carrier or, in the case of electronic delivery, when the customer is given access to the licensed program(s)), and
  • The price to the customer is fixed or determinable, as typically evidenced in a signed non-cancelable contract, or a customer’s purchase order, and
  • Collectability is probable.  If collectability is not considered probable, revenue is recognized when the fee is collected.

Revenue recognized on software arrangements involving multiple deliverables is allocated to each deliverable based on vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) or third party evidence of the fair values of each deliverable; such deliverables include licenses for software products, maintenance, private labeling fees, and customer training.  The Company limits its assessment of VSOE for each deliverable to either the price charged when the same deliverable is sold separately or the price established by management having the relevant authority to do so, for a deliverable not yet sold separately.


If sufficient VSOE of fair value does not exist so as to permit the allocation of revenue to the various elements of the arrangement, all revenue from the arrangement is deferred until such evidence exists or until all elements are delivered. If evidence of VSOE of all undelivered elements exists but evidence does not exist for one or more delivered elements, then revenue is recognized using the residual method.  Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee is recognized as revenue.
 
Certain resellers (“stocking resellers”) purchase product licenses that they hold in inventory until they are resold to the ultimate end user (an “inventory stocking order”). At the time that a stocking reseller places an inventory stocking order, no product licenses are shipped by the Company to the stocking reseller, rather, the stocking reseller’s inventory is credited with the number of licenses purchased and the stocking reseller can resell (issue) any number of licenses from their inventory at any time. Upon receipt of an order to issue a license(s) from a stocking reseller’s inventory (a “draw down order”), the Company will ship the license(s) in accordance with the draw down order’s instructions. The Company defers recognition of revenue from inventory stocking orders until the underlying licenses are sold and shipped  to the end user, as evidenced by the receipt and fulfillment of the stocking reseller’s draw down order, assuming all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

There are no rights of return granted to resellers or other purchasers of the Company’s software products.
 
Revenue from maintenance contracts is recognized ratably over the related contract period, which generally ranges from one to five years.

Intellectual property license agreements provide for the payment of a fully paid licensing fee in consideration for the grant of a one-time, non-exclusive license to manufacture and/or sell products covered by patented technologies owned by the Company. Generally, the execution of these license agreements also provides for the release of the licensee from certain past and future claims, and the dismissal of any pending litigation between the Company and the licensee. Pursuant to the terms of these license agreements, the Company has no further obligation with respect to the grant of the license, including no express or implied obligation to maintain or upgrade the patented technologies, or provide future support or services to the licensee. As such, the earnings process is complete upon the execution of the license agreement, and revenue is recognized upon execution of the agreement, and the determination that collectability is probable.

All of the Company’s software and intellectual property licenses are denominated in U.S. dollars.
 
Software Development Costs
 
The Company capitalizes software development costs incurred from the time technological feasibility of the software is established until the software is available for general release in accordance with GAAP. Research and development costs and other computer software maintenance costs related to the software development are expensed as incurred. Upon the establishment of technological feasibility, related software development costs are capitalized. The Company estimates the useful life of its capitalized software and amortizes its value over its estimated life. If the actual useful life is shorter than the estimated useful life, the Company will amortize the remaining book value over the remaining estimated useful life or the asset may be deemed to be impaired and, accordingly, a write-down of the value of the asset may be required.
 
Long-Lived Assets
 
Long-lived assets, which consist primarily of capitalized software development costs, are assessed for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable, whenever the Company has committed to a plan to dispose of the assets or, at a minimum, annually. Typically, for long-lived assets to be held and used measurement of an impairment loss is based on the fair value of such assets, with fair value being determined based on appraisals, current market value, comparable sales value, and discounted future cash flows, among other variables, as appropriate. Assets to be held and used (which assets are affected by an impairment loss) are depreciated or amortized at their new carrying amount over their remaining estimated life; assets to be sold or otherwise disposed of are not subject to further depreciation or amortization. No such impairment charge was recorded during either of the three or six-month periods ended June 30, 2011 or 2010.
 
Patents
 
Patents are amortized over their estimated economic lives under the straight-line method, and are reviewed for potential impairment at least annually. Costs associated with filing, documenting or writing method patents are expensed as incurred. Contingent legal fees paid in connection with patent litigation, or settlements thereof, are charged to costs of revenue. All other non-contingent legal fees and costs incurred in connection with a patent lawsuit, or settlements thereof, are charged to general and administrative expense as incurred.
 
 
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Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
 
The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts that reflects its best estimate of potentially uncollectible trade receivables. The allowance is based on assessments of the collectability of specific customer accounts and the general aging and size of the accounts receivable.  The Company regularly reviews the adequacy of its allowance for doubtful accounts by considering such factors as historical experience, credit worthiness, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. The Company specifically reserves for those accounts deemed uncollectible. The Company also establishes, and adjusts, a general allowance for doubtful accounts based on its review of the aging and size of its accounts receivable.  The following table sets forth the details of the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts for the three and six-month periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010:

   
Beginning Balance
  
Charge Offs
  
Recoveries
  
Provision
  
Ending Balance
 
 Three Months Ended June 30,                    
2011
 $24,100  $  $  $4,300  $28,400 
2010
  32,000         (4,100)  27,900 
                      
  Six Months Ended June 30,                    
2011
 $32,800  $  $  $(4,400) $28,400 
2010
  32,000         (4,100)  27,900 

Financial Statement Presentation – Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Two reclassifications to the prior period statement have been made to conform to the current year’s presentation. First, the change in deferred revenue has been reclassified into its component pieces, namely; the amount of revenue deferred to future periods and the recognition of deferred revenue. Such reclassification had no effect on total cash flow from operations, investing or financing activities.  Secondly, the change in other long term assets has been reclassified as an operating activity from an investing activity to conform to the current period’s presentation. Such reclassification did not have a significant impact on total cash flow from operations or investing activities.