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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
12 Months Ended
Jul. 30, 2011
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES  
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(1)   SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

  • (a)
    Nature of Business

        United Natural Foods, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") is a leading distributor and retailer of natural, organic and specialty products. The Company sells its products primarily throughout the United States and Canada.

  • (b)
    Basis of Presentation

        The accompanying financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.

        The fiscal year of the Company ends on the Saturday closest to July 31. Fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009 ended on July 30, 2011, July 31, 2010, and August 1, 2009, respectively. Each of these fiscal years contained 52 weeks, and each of the Company's interim quarters consisted of 13 weeks.

        Net sales consists primarily of sales of natural, organic and specialty products to retailers, adjusted for customer volume discounts, returns and allowances. Net sales also includes amounts charged by the Company to customers for shipping and handling, and fuel surcharges. The principal components of cost of sales include the amount paid to manufacturers and growers for product sold, plus the cost of transportation necessary to bring the product to the Company's distribution facilities. Cost of sales also includes amounts incurred by the Company's manufacturing subsidiary, United Natural Trading Co., which does business as Woodstock Farms Manufacturing, for inbound transportation costs and depreciation for manufacturing equipment offset by consideration received from suppliers in connection with the purchase or promotion of the suppliers' products. Operating expenses include salaries and wages, employee benefits (including payments under the Company's Employee Stock Ownership Plan), warehousing and delivery, selling, occupancy, insurance, administrative, share-based compensation and amortization expense. Operating expenses also include depreciation expense related to the wholesale and retail divisions. Other expense (income) includes interest on outstanding indebtedness, interest income and miscellaneous income and expenses. In fiscal 2010, other expense (income) includes the gain recorded by the Company upon settlement of a forward contract entered into by the Company to swap United States dollars for Canadian dollars.

  • (c)
    Cash Equivalents

        Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less.

  • (d)
    Inventories and Cost of Sales

        Inventories consist primarily of finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost being determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Allowances received from suppliers are recorded as reductions in cost of sales upon the sale of the related products.

  • (e)
    Property and Equipment

        Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Equipment under capital leases is stated at the lower of the present value of minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease or the fair value of the asset. Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment is computed on a straight-line basis, over the estimated useful lives of the assets or, when applicable, the life of the lease, whichever is shorter. Applicable interest charges incurred during the construction of new facilities are capitalized as one of the elements of cost and amortized over the assets' estimated useful lives. There was no interest capitalized during the year ended July 30, 2011. Interest capitalized for the years ended July 31, 2010 and August 1, 2009 was less than $0.1 million and approximately $0.3 million, respectively.

        Property and equipment consisted of the following at July 30, 2011 and July 31, 2010:

 
  Original
Estimated
Useful Lives
(Years)
  2011   2010  
 
  (In thousands, except years)
 

Land

        $ 13,241   $ 14,944  

Buildings and improvements

    20-40     158,790     166,235  

Leasehold improvements

    5-20     77,605     58,740  

Warehouse equipment

    3-30     88,643     88,720  

Office equipment

    3-10     58,643     49,305  

Computer software

    3-7     40,986     18,104  

Motor vehicles

    3-7     4,182     4,602  

Construction in progress

          15,428     36,415  
                 

 

          457,518     437,065  

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

          172,367     157,810  
                 
 

Net property and equipment

        $ 285,151   $ 279,255  
                 

        Depreciation expense amounted to $31.1 million, $25.0 million and $24.1 million for the fiscal years ended July 30, 2011, July 31, 2010 and August 1, 2009, respectively.

  • (f)
    Income Taxes

        The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company includes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

  • (g)
    Long-Lived Assets

        Management reviews long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets, for indicators of impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Cash flows expected to be generated by the related assets are estimated over the assets' useful lives based on updated projections. If the evaluation indicates that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable, the potential impairment is measured based on a projected discounted cash flow model.

  • (h)
    Goodwill and Intangible Assets

        Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized. Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over the following lives:

Customer relationships

  7-10 years

Non-compete agreements

  1-10 years

Trademarks and tradenames

  26 years

        Goodwill is assigned to the reporting units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination. We are required to test goodwill for impairment at least annually, and between annual tests if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. During the first quarter of the 2011 fiscal year, we performed a test for goodwill impairment as a result of the expected change in future cash flows for certain of our branded product lines, and determined that no impairment existed. We have elected to perform our annual tests for indications of goodwill impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. Based on future expected cash flows, we test for goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level. Our reporting units are at or one level below the operating segment level. Approximately 91% of our goodwill is within our wholesale reporting unit. The goodwill impairment analysis is a two-step test. The first step, used to identify potential impairment, involves comparing each reporting unit's estimated fair value to its carrying value, including goodwill. Each reporting unit regularly prepares discrete operating forecasts and uses these forecasts as the basis for the assumptions used in the discounted cash flow analysis. If the estimated fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If the carrying value exceeds estimated fair value, there is an indication of potential impairment and the second step is performed to measure the amount of impairment. If required, the second step involves calculating an implied fair value of goodwill for each reporting unit for which the first step indicated potential impairment. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to the amount of goodwill calculated in a business combination, by measuring the excess of the estimated fair value of the reporting unit, as determined in the first step, over the aggregate estimated fair values of the individual assets, liabilities and identifiable intangibles as if the reporting unit was being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of goodwill exceeds the carrying value of goodwill assigned to the reporting unit, there is no impairment. If the carrying value of goodwill assigned to a reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, an impairment charge is recorded for the excess. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are tested for impairment at least annually and between annual tests if events occur or circumstances change that would indicate that the value of the asset may be impaired. Impairment is measured as the difference between the fair value of the asset and its carrying value. As of July 30, 2011, the Company's annual assessment of goodwill for each of its reporting units and indefinite lived intangible assets indicated that no impairment existed.

        The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and the amount allocated by reportable segment for the years presented are as follows (in thousands):

 
  Wholesale   Other   Total  

Goodwill as of August 1, 2009

  $ 146,970   $ 17,363   $ 164,333  

Goodwill adjustment for DHI restructuring activities, net of tax of $633

    (987 )       (987 )

Goodwill adjustment for final opening balance sheet adjustments for 2009 acquisitions

        (32 )   (32 )

Goodwill arising from business combinations

    23,485         23,485  

Change in foreign exchange rates

    126           126  
               

Goodwill as of July 31, 2010

  $ 169,594   $ 17,331   $ 186,925  

Goodwill adjustment for DHI restructuring activities, net of tax of $179

    (726 )         (726 )

Goodwill adjustment for final opening balance sheet adjustments for 2010 business combinations

    1,210           1,210  

Goodwill arising from 2011 business combinations

    2,743         2,743  

Change in foreign exchange rates

    1,791           1,791  
               

Goodwill as of July 30, 2011

  $ 174,612   $ 17,331   $ 191,943  
               

        The following table presents the detail of the Company's other intangible assets (in thousands):

 
  July 30, 2011   July 31, 2010  
 
  Gross Carrying
Amount
  Accumulated
Amortization
  Net   Gross Carrying
Amount
  Accumulated
Amortization
  Net  

Amortizing intangible assets:

                                     

Customer relationships

  $ 34,510   $ 6,976   $ 27,534   $ 23,079   $ 3,829   $ 19,250  

Non-compete agreements

                1,751     1,674     77  

Trademarks and tradenames

    2,233     287     1,946     2,233     207     2,026  
                           

Total amortizing intangible assets

    37,623     8,143     29,480     27,063     5,710     21,353  

Indefinite lived intangible assets:

                                     

Trademarks and tradenames

    28,856         28,856     28,848         28,848  
                           

Total

  $ 66,479   $ 8,143   $ 58,336   $ 55,911   $ 5,710   $ 50,201  
                           

        Amortization expense was $3.5 million, $1.9 million and $2.4 million for the years ended July 30, 2011, July 31, 2010 and August 1, 2009, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense for the next five fiscal years on finite lived intangible assets existing as of July 30, 2011 is shown below:

Fiscal Year:
  (In thousands)  

2012

  $ 3,060  

2013

    3,117  

2014

    3,060  

2015

    3,060  

2016

    3,060  
       

 

  $ 15,357  
       
  • (i)
    Revenue Recognition and Concentration of Credit Risk

        The Company records revenue upon delivery of products. Revenues are recorded net of applicable sales discounts and estimated sales returns. Sales incentives provided to customers are accounted for as reductions in revenue as the related revenue is recorded. The Company's sales are primarily to customers located throughout the United States and Canada.

        Whole Foods Market, Inc. ("Whole Foods Market") was the Company's largest customer in each fiscal year presented. Whole Foods Market accounted for approximately 36%, 35%, and 33% of our net sales for the years ended July 30, 2011, July 31, 2010 and August 1, 2009. There were no other customers that individually generated 10% or more of the Company's net sales.

        The Company analyzes customer creditworthiness, accounts receivable balances, payment history, payment terms and historical bad debt levels when evaluating the adequacy of its allowance for doubtful accounts. In instances where a reserve has been recorded for a particular customer, future sales to the customer are conducted using either cash-on-delivery terms, or the account is closely monitored so that as agreed upon payments are received, orders are released; a failure to pay results in held or cancelled orders.

  • (j)
    Fair Value of Financial Instruments

        The carrying amounts of the Company's financial instruments including cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and certain accrued expenses approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

        The following estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. The fair value of notes payable and long-term debt are based on the instruments' interest rate, terms, maturity date and collateral, if any, in comparison to the Company's incremental borrowing rate for similar financial instruments. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company could realize in a current market exchange.

 
  July 30, 2011   July 31, 2010  
 
  Carrying Value   Fair Value   Carrying Value   Fair Value  
 
  (In thousands)
 

Assets:

                         

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 16,867   $ 16,867   $ 13,802   $ 13,802  

Accounts receivable

    257,482     257,482     217,097     217,097  

Notes receivable

    2,826     2,826     3,346     3,346  

Liabilities:

                         

Accounts payable

    217,074     217,074     205,202     205,202  

Notes payable

    115,000     115,000     242,570     242,570  

Long term debt, including current portion

    48,433     48,424     53,466     53,456  

Swap agreements:

                         
 

Interest rate swap

    (1,259 )   (1,259 )   (2,493 )   (2,493 )
  • (k)
    Use of Estimates

        The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported therein. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be based on amounts that differ from those estimates.

  • (l)
    Notes Receivable, Trade

        The Company issues trade notes receivable to certain customers under two basic circumstances; inventory purchases for initial store openings and overdue accounts receivable. Notes issued in connection with store openings are generally receivable over a period not to exceed twelve months. Notes issued in connection with overdue accounts receivable may extend for periods greater than one year. All notes are issued at a market interest rate and contain certain guarantees and collateral assignments in favor of the Company.

  • (m)
    Share-Based Compensation

        The Company adopted ASC 718, Stock Compensation ("ASC 718") effective August 1, 2005. ASC 718 requires the recognition of the fair value of share-based compensation in net income. The Company has three share-based employee compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 3. Share-based compensation consists of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance shares and performance units. Stock options are granted to employees and directors at exercise prices equal to the fair market value of the Company's stock at the dates of grant. Generally, stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units granted to employees vest ratably over four years from the grant date and grants to our Board of Directors vest ratably over two years with one third vesting immediately. The performance units granted to the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer upon hire during fiscal 2009 vested following the end of fiscal 2010, and those performance shares and performance units granted during March 2011 vested following the end of fiscal 2011, both in accordance with the terms of the related Performance Share and Performance Unit agreements. The Company recognizes share-based compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the individual grants, which generally equals the vesting period.

        ASC 718 also requires that compensation expense be recognized for only the portion of share-based awards that are expected to vest. Therefore, we apply estimated forfeiture rates that are derived from historical employee and director termination activity to reduce the amount of compensation expense recognized. If the actual forfeitures differ from the estimate, additional adjustments to compensation expense may be required in future periods.

        The Company receives an income tax deduction for grants of restricted stock awards and restricted stock units when they vest and for stock options exercised by employees equal to the excess of the market value of our common stock on the date of exercise over the option price. Excess tax benefits (tax benefits resulting from tax deductions in excess of compensation cost recognized) are presented as a cash flow provided by financing activities with a corresponding cash flow used in operating activities in the accompanying consolidated statement of cash flows.

  • (n)
    Earnings Per Share

        Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adding the dilutive potential common shares to the weighted average number of common shares that were outstanding during the period. For purposes of the diluted earnings per share calculation, outstanding stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units are considered common stock equivalents, using the treasury stock method. A reconciliation of the weighted average number of shares outstanding used in the computation of the basic and diluted earnings per share for all periods presented follows:

 
  Fiscal years ended  
 
  July 30,
2011
  July 31,
2010
  August 1,
2009
 
 
  (In thousands)
 

Basic weighted average shares outstanding

    47,459     43,184     42,849  

Net effect of dilutive common stock equivalents based upon the treasury stock method

    356     241     144  
               

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding

    47,815     43,425     42,993  
               

Potential anti-dilutive share-based payment awards excluded from the computation above

    99     791     1,436  
               
  • (o)
    Comprehensive Income (Loss)

        Comprehensive income (loss) is reported in accordance with ASC 200, Comprehensive Income, and includes net income and the change in other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of the net change in fair value of derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, as well as foreign currency translation related to the translation of UNFI Canada from the functional currency of Canadian dollars to our U.S. dollar reporting currency. For all periods presented, we display comprehensive income (loss) and its components as part of the consolidated statements of stockholders' equity.

  • (p)
    Derivative Financial Instruments

        The Company is exposed to market risks arising from changes in interest rates, fuel costs, and with the creation and operation of UNFI Canada, exchange rates. The Company generally uses derivatives principally in the management of interest rate and fuel price exposure. However, during the fiscal year ended July 31, 2010, the Company entered into a forward contract to exchange United States dollars for Canadian dollars in anticipation of the Canadian dollars needed to fund the acquisition of the Canadian food distribution assets of SunOpta, Inc. The Company does not utilize derivatives that contain leverage features. For derivative transactions accounted for as hedges, on the date the Company enters into the derivative transaction, the exposure is identified. The Company formally documents all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking the hedge transaction. In this documentation, the Company specifically identifies the asset, liability, firm commitment, forecasted transaction, or net investment that has been designated as the hedged item and states how the hedging instrument is expected to reduce the risks related to the hedged item. The Company measures effectiveness of its hedging relationships both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis as needed.

  • (q)
    Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs

        The Company includes shipping and handling fees billed to customers in net sales. Shipping and handling costs associated with inbound freight are generally recorded in cost of sales, whereas shipping and handling costs for selecting, quality assurance, and outbound transportation are recorded in operating expenses. Outbound shipping and handling costs, which exclude employee benefit expenses which are not allocated, totaled $266.7 million, $222.0 million and $217.0 million for the fiscal years ended July 30, 2011, July 31, 2010 and August 1, 2009, respectively.

  • (r)
    Reserves for Self Insurance

        The Company is primarily self-insured for workers' compensation, and general and automobile liability insurance. It is the Company's policy to record the self-insured portion of workers' compensation and automobile liabilities based upon actuarial methods to estimate the future cost of claims and related expenses that have been reported but not settled, and that have been incurred but not yet reported. Any projection of losses concerning workers' compensation and automobile liability is subject to a considerable degree of variability. Among the causes of this variability are unpredictable external factors affecting litigation trends, benefit level changes and claim settlement patterns.

  • (s)
    Operating Lease Expenses

        The Company records lease expense via the straight-line method. For leases with step rent provisions whereby the rental payments increase over the life of the lease, and for leases where the Company receives rent-free periods, the Company recognizes expense based on a straight-line basis based on the total minimum lease payments to be made over the expected lease term.

  • (t)
    Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

        In September 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2011-08, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment ("ASU 2011-8"). ASU 2011-8 modifies the impairment test for goodwill and indefinite lived intangibles so that it is no longer required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the Company believes, based on qualitative factors, it is more likely than not that the reporting unit's or indefinite lived intangible asset's fair value is less than the carrying value. ASU 2011-8 is effective for fiscal years that begin after December 15, 2011, with early adoption allowed. The Company intends to adopt ASU 2011-8 effective July 31, 2011, which is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.