Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities

The significant components of our deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below:

	December 31,
	2016			2017
Deferred Tax Assets:
Accrued liabilities	$	30,901		$	17,565
Deferred rent	2,930			1,337
Net operating loss carryforwards	98,879			105,026
Federal benefit of unrecognized tax benefits	12,036			3,051
Foreign deferred tax assets and other adjustments	20,131			20,029
Valuation allowance	(71,359		)	(61,756		)
	93,518			85,252
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Other assets, principally due to differences in amortization	(179,977		)	(168,028		)
Plant and equipment, principally due to differences in depreciation	(52,572		)	(61,530		)
	(232,549		)	(229,558		)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(139,031	)	$	(144,306	)

Schedule of current and noncurrent deferred tax assets (liabilities)

The deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented below:

	December 31,
	2016			2017
Noncurrent deferred tax assets (Included in Other, a component of Other Assets, net)	$	12,264		$	11,422
Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities	(151,295		)	(155,728		)

Roll forward of Valuation allowance

Rollforward of the valuation allowance is as follows:

Year Ended December 31,	Balance at Beginning of the Year		Charged (Credited) to Expense			Other Increases/(Decreases)(1)			Balance at End of the Year
2015	$	40,182	$	33,509		$	(13,682	)	$	60,009
2016	60,009		7,660			3,690			71,359
2017	71,359		(4,317		)	(5,286		)	61,756

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(1) Other increases and decreases in valuation allowances are primarily related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and disposal of certain foreign subsidiaries.

Components of income (loss) from continuing operations before provision for income taxes

The components of income (loss) from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes and gain on sale of real estate are:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2016		2017
United States	$	179,928		$	106,223	$	161,198
Canada	37,131			28,157		50,019
Other Foreign	(54,993		)	12,264		4,888
	$	162,066		$	146,644	$	216,105

Provision (benefit) for income taxes

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of the following components:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2016			2017
Federal—current	$	13,083		$	52,944		$	16,345
Federal—deferred	(9,579		)	(28,127		)	(12,655		)
State—current	522			6,096			3,440
State—deferred	158			(1,479		)	(1,276		)
Foreign—current	31,581			36,272			42,532
Foreign—deferred	1,948			(20,762		)	(22,439		)
	$	37,713		$	44,944		$	25,947

Reconciliation of total income tax expense and amount computed by applying the federal income tax rate

A reconciliation of total income tax expense and the amount computed by applying the former federal income tax rate of 35.0% to income from continuing operations before provision (benefit) for income taxes and gain on sale of real estate for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively, is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2016			2017
Computed "expected" tax provision	$	56,723		$	51,325		$	75,637
Changes in income taxes resulting from:
Tax adjustment relating to REIT	(51,625		)	(18,526		)	(78,873		)
Deferred tax adjustment and other taxes due to REIT conversion	(9,067		)	247			—
State taxes (net of federal tax benefit)	2,017			3,796			2,692
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance (net operating losses)	33,509			7,660			(4,317		)
Foreign repatriation	4,030			510			29,476
U.S. Federal Rate Reduction	—			—			(4,685		)
Reserve (reversal) accrual and audit settlements (net of federal tax benefit)	(2,874		)	1,898			(9,103		)
Foreign tax rate differential	(8,915		)	(13,328		)	(11,949		)
Disallowed foreign interest, Subpart F income, and other foreign taxes	18,022			7,773			29,325
Other, net	(4,107		)	3,589			(2,256		)
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes	$	37,713		$	44,944		$	25,947

Tax years subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions

A summary of tax years that remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions is as follows:

Tax Years	Tax Jurisdiction
See Below	United States—Federal and State
2012 to present	Canada
2014 to present	United Kingdom

Reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits

A rollforward of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

Gross tax contingencies—December 31, 2014	$	55,951
Gross additions based on tax positions related to the current year	3,484
Gross additions for tax positions of prior years	979
Gross reductions for tax positions of prior years	(3,588		)
Lapses of statutes	(9,141		)
Settlements	—
Gross tax contingencies—December 31, 2015	$	47,685
Gross additions based on tax positions related to the current year	3,704
Gross additions for tax positions of prior years	12,207
Gross reductions for tax positions of prior years(1)	(1,740		)
Lapses of statutes	(2,390		)
Settlements	—
Gross tax contingencies—December 31, 2016	$	59,466
Gross additions based on tax positions related to the current year	4,067
Gross additions for tax positions of prior years	3,368
Gross reductions for tax positions of prior years	(2,789		)
Lapses of statutes	(2,629		)
Settlements	(22,950		)
Gross tax contingencies—December 31, 2017	$	38,533

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(1)     This amount includes gross additions related to the Recall Transaction.