10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 1-12297

Penske Automotive Group, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	22-3086739
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)
2555 Telegraph Road
Bloomfield Hills, Michigan	48302-0954
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(248) 648-2500

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Voting Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	PAG	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ⌧

As of October 25, 2021, there were 78,295,038 shares of voting common stock outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020	3
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020	4
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020	5
Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020	6
Consolidated Condensed Statement of Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020	7
Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements	9
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 3. Quantitative & Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	57
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	58
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	58
Item 1A. Risk Factors	58
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	59
Item 6. Exhibits	60

2

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
	(Unaudited)
	(In millions, except share
	and per share amounts)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	119.2	$	49.5
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5.7 and $5.5		737.7		806.9
Inventories		2,598.4		3,425.6
Other current assets		121.4		126.8
Total current assets		3,576.7		4,408.8
Property and equipment, net		2,378.6		2,404.4
Operating lease right-of-use assets		2,410.9		2,416.5
Goodwill		2,050.9		1,928.4
Other indefinite-lived intangible assets		600.7		563.4
Equity method investments		1,668.2		1,500.3
Other long-term assets		33.3		25.4
Total assets	$	12,719.3	$	13,247.2
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Floor plan notes payable	$	962.2	$	1,780.5
Floor plan notes payable — non-trade		1,074.9		1,363.8
Accounts payable		808.8		675.4
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		922.4		767.2
Current portion of long-term debt		67.9		87.5
Liabilities held for sale		0.5		0.5
Total current liabilities		3,836.7		4,674.9
Long-term debt		1,356.7		1,602.1
Long-term operating lease liabilities		2,341.1		2,350.3
Deferred tax liabilities		1,003.4		873.1
Other long-term liabilities		315.0		420.7
Total liabilities		8,852.9		9,921.1
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 11)
Equity
Penske Automotive Group stockholders’ equity:
Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding		—		—
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, 240,000,000 shares authorized; 78,294,013 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2021; 80,392,662 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020		—		—
Non-voting Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; 7,125,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding		—		—
Class C Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding		—		—
Additional paid-in capital		110.8		311.8
Retained earnings		3,921.5		3,151.3
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(190.2)		(160.6)
Total Penske Automotive Group stockholders’ equity		3,842.1		3,302.5
Non-controlling interest		24.3		23.6
Total equity		3,866.4		3,326.1
Total liabilities and equity	$	12,719.3	$	13,247.2

See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

3

PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
	(Unaudited)
	(In millions, except per share amounts)
Revenue:
Retail automotive dealership	$	5,634.9	$	5,258.0	$	17,039.4	$	12,828.1
Retail commercial truck dealership		717.3		590.9		1,777.3		1,481.5
Commercial vehicle distribution		145.1		122.7		441.9		322.2
Total revenues		6,497.3		5,971.6		19,258.6		14,631.8
Cost of sales:
Retail automotive dealership		4,624.0		4,408.3		14,188.2		10,834.0
Retail commercial truck dealership		602.0		517.8		1,479.3		1,279.4
Commercial vehicle distribution		105.6		89.0		329.5		232.3
Total cost of sales		5,331.6		5,015.1		15,997.0		12,345.7
Gross profit		1,165.7		956.5		3,261.6		2,286.1
Selling, general and administrative expenses		757.7		643.3		2,171.8		1,738.7
Depreciation		30.2		29.0		89.7		85.4
Operating income		377.8		284.2		1,000.1		462.0
Floor plan interest expense		(6.0)		(8.0)		(23.4)		(37.4)
Other interest expense		(16.2)		(29.1)		(53.8)		(89.2)
Debt redemption costs		—		(1.7)		(17.0)		(1.7)
Equity in earnings of affiliates		120.5		66.2		281.5		110.6
Income from continuing operations before income taxes		476.1		311.6		1,187.4		444.3
Income taxes		(120.1)		(64.1)		(308.0)		(100.7)
Income from continuing operations		356.0		247.5		879.4		343.6
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax		0.3		0.1		0.4		0.3
Net income		356.3		247.6		879.8		343.9
Less: Income attributable to non-controlling interests		1.2		1.0		3.3		0.5
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders	$	355.1	$	246.6	$	876.5	$	343.4
Basic earnings per share attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders:
Continuing operations	$	4.46	$	3.07	$	10.91	$	4.27
Discontinued operations		—		—		—		—
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders	$	4.47	$	3.07	$	10.92	$	4.27
Shares used in determining basic earnings per share		79.5		80.3		80.3		80.4
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders:
Continuing operations	$	4.46	$	3.07	$	10.91	$	4.27
Discontinued operations		—		—		—		—
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders	$	4.47	$	3.07	$	10.92	$	4.27
Shares used in determining diluted earnings per share		79.5		80.4		80.3		80.4
Amounts attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders:
Income from continuing operations	$	356.0	$	247.5	$	879.4	$	343.6
Less: Income attributable to non-controlling interests		1.2		1.0		3.3		0.5
Income from continuing operations, net of tax		354.8		246.5		876.1		343.1
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax		0.3		0.1		0.4		0.3
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders	$	355.1	$	246.6	$	876.5	$	343.4
Cash dividends per share	$	0.45	$	—	$	1.32	$	0.42

See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

4

PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

		Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
		September 30,				September 30,
		2021		2020		2021		2020
	(Unaudited)
	(In millions)
Net income		$	356.3	$	247.6	$	879.8	$	343.9
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment			(42.6)		49.9		(40.7)		(15.4)
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps:
Unrealized gain (loss) arising during the period, net of tax (provision) benefit of ($0.0), ($0.1), ($1.1), and $1.4, respectively			—		0.3		3.0		(3.8)
Reclassification adjustment for (gain) loss included in floor plan interest expense, net of tax provision (benefit) of ($0.1), $0.1, ($0.3), and $0.1, respectively			0.3		(0.2)		0.8		(0.2)
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps, net of tax			0.3		0.1		3.8		(4.0)
Other adjustments to comprehensive income (loss), net			(0.5)		3.3		6.6		0.6
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax			(42.8)		53.3		(30.3)		(18.8)
Comprehensive income (loss)			313.5		300.9		849.5		325.1
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests			0.8		1.4		2.6		0.8
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders		$	312.7	$	299.5	$	846.9	$	324.3

See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

5

PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2021		2020
	(Unaudited)
	(In millions)
Operating Activities:
Net income	$	879.8	$	343.9
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from continuing operating activities:
Depreciation		89.7		85.4
Earnings of equity method investments		(203.4)		(88.9)
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax		(0.4)		(0.3)
Deferred income taxes		126.3		177.6
Debt redemption costs		17.0		1.7
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		69.4		112.2
Inventories		863.6		1,043.5
Floor plan notes payable		(818.3)		(925.9)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		290.5		172.1
Other		16.2		(71.8)
Net cash provided by continuing operating activities		1,330.4		849.5
Investing Activities:
Purchase of equipment and improvements		(157.5)		(114.3)
Proceeds from sale of dealerships		4.3		10.3
Proceeds from sale of equipment and improvements		54.9		19.8
Acquisitions net, including repayment of sellers’ floor plan notes payable of $24.3 and $0, respectively		(278.0)		—
Other		0.2		(4.4)
Net cash used in continuing investing activities		(376.1)		(88.6)
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from borrowings under U.S. credit agreement revolving credit line		1,487.0		956.0
Repayments under U.S. credit agreement revolving credit line		(1,595.0)		(1,001.0)
Issuance of 3.50% senior subordinated notes		—		550.0
Issuance of 3.75% senior subordinated notes		500.0		—
Repayment of 3.75% senior subordinated notes		—		(300.0)
Repayment of 5.50% senior subordinated notes		(500.0)		—
Net repayments of other long-term debt		(152.5)		(253.7)
Net repayments of floor plan notes payable — non-trade		(288.9)		(547.6)
Payments for contingent consideration		—		(31.6)
Repurchases of common stock		(206.9)		(29.4)
Dividends		(106.3)		(34.2)
Payment of debt issuance costs		(6.1)		(7.8)
Other		(12.8)		(5.0)
Net cash used in continuing financing activities		(881.5)		(704.3)
Discontinued operations:
Net cash provided by discontinued operating activities		0.4		0.2
Net cash provided by discontinued investing activities		—		—
Net cash provided by discontinued financing activities		—		—
Net cash provided by discontinued operations		0.4		0.2
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(3.5)		7.8
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		69.7		64.6
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		49.5		28.1
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	119.2	$	92.7
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for:
Interest	$	79.8	$	106.7
Income taxes		44.5		32.1

See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

6

PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
								Accumulated		Total
	Common Stock			Additional				Other		Penske
	Issued			Paid-in		Retained		Comprehensive		Automotive Group		Non-controlling		Total
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Stockholders’ Equity		Interest		Equity
	(Unaudited)
	(Dollars in millions)
Balance, June 30, 2021	80,330,836	$	—	$	284.0	$	3,602.5	$	(147.8)	$	3,738.7	$	24.0	$	3,762.7
Equity compensation	(7,192)		—		5.7		—		—		5.7		—		5.7
Repurchases of common stock	(2,029,631)		—		(178.9)		—		—		(178.9)		—		(178.9)
Dividends	—		—		—		(36.1)		—		(36.1)		—		(36.1)
Interest rate swaps	—		—		—		—		0.3		0.3		—		0.3
Distributions to non-controlling interest	—		—		—		—		—		—		(0.5)		(0.5)
Foreign currency translation	—		—		—		—		(42.2)		(42.2)		(0.4)		(42.6)
Other	—		—		—		—		(0.5)		(0.5)		—		(0.5)
Net income	—		—		—		355.1		—		355.1		1.2		356.3
Balance, September 30, 2021	78,294,013	$	—	$	110.8	$	3,921.5	$	(190.2)	$	3,842.1	$	24.3	$	3,866.4

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
								Accumulated		Total
	Common Stock			Additional				Other		Penske
	Issued			Paid-in		Retained		Comprehensive		Automotive Group		Non-controlling		Total
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Stockholders’ Equity		Interest		Equity
	(Unaudited)
	(Dollars in millions)
Balance, June 30, 2020	80,339,909	$	—	$	296.3	$	2,738.4	$	(274.8)	$	2,759.9	$	17.7	$	2,777.6
Equity compensation	750		—		5.1		—		—		5.1		—		5.1
Repurchases of common stock	(4,448)		—		(0.2)		—		—		(0.2)		—		(0.2)
Interest rate swaps	—		—		—		—		0.1		0.1		—		0.1
Foreign currency translation	—		—		—		—		49.5		49.5		0.4		49.9
Other	—		—		—		—		3.3		3.3		0.1		3.4
Net income	—		—		—		246.6		—		246.6		1.0		247.6
Balance, September 30, 2020	80,336,211	$	—	$	301.2	$	2,985.0	$	(221.9)	$	3,064.3	$	19.2	$	3,083.5

See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

7

PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
								Accumulated		Total
	Common Stock			Additional				Other		Penske
	Issued			Paid-in		Retained		Comprehensive		Automotive Group		Non-controlling		Total
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Stockholders’ Equity		Interest		Equity
	(Unaudited)
	(Dollars in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2020	80,392,662	$	—	$	311.8	$	3,151.3	$	(160.6)	$	3,302.5	$	23.6	$	3,326.1
Equity compensation	426,289		—		18.8		—		—		18.8		—		18.8
Repurchases of common stock	(2,524,938)		—		(219.8)		—		—		(219.8)		—		(219.8)
Dividends	—		—		—		(106.3)		—		(106.3)		—		(106.3)
Interest rate swaps	—		—		—		—		3.8		3.8		—		3.8
Distributions to non-controlling interest	—		—		—		—		—		—		(1.9)		(1.9)
Foreign currency translation	—		—		—		—		(40.0)		(40.0)		(0.7)		(40.7)
Other	—		—		—		—		6.6		6.6		—		6.6
Net income	—		—		—		876.5		—		876.5		3.3		879.8
Balance, September 30, 2021	78,294,013	$	—	$	110.8	$	3,921.5	$	(190.2)	$	3,842.1	$	24.3	$	3,866.4

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
								Accumulated		Total
	Common Stock			Additional				Other		Penske
	Issued			Paid-in		Retained		Comprehensive		Automotive Group		Non-controlling		Total
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Income (Loss)		Stockholders’ Equity		Interest		Equity
	(Unaudited)
	(Dollars in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2019	81,084,751	$	—	$	320.4	$	2,675.8	$	(202.8)	$	2,793.4	$	18.2	$	2,811.6
Equity compensation	279,196		—		15.2		—		—		15.2		—		15.2
Repurchases of common stock	(1,027,736)		—		(34.4)		—		—		(34.4)		—		(34.4)
Dividends	—		—		—		(34.2)		—		(34.2)		—		(34.2)
Interest rate swaps	—		—		—		—		(4.0)		(4.0)		—		(4.0)
Foreign currency translation	—		—		—		—		(15.7)		(15.7)		0.3		(15.4)
Other	—		—		—		—		0.6		0.6		0.2		0.8
Net income	—		—		—		343.4		—		343.4		0.5		343.9
Balance, September 30, 2020	80,336,211	$	—	$	301.2	$	2,985.0	$	(221.9)	$	3,064.3	$	19.2	$	3,083.5

See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements

8

PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)
(In millions, except share and per share amounts)

1. Interim Financial Statements

Unless the context otherwise requires, the use of the terms “PAG,” “we,” “us,” and “our” in these Notes to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements refers to Penske Automotive Group, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Business Overview and Concentrations

We are a diversified international transportation services company and one of the world's premier automotive and commercial truck retailers. We operate dealerships principally in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Italy, and Japan, and we are one of the largest retailers of commercial trucks in North America for Freightliner. We also distribute and retail commercial vehicles, diesel and gas engines, power systems, and related parts and services principally in Australia and New Zealand. Additionally, we own 28.9% of Penske Transportation Solutions, a business that manages a fleet of over 350,000 vehicles providing innovative transportation, supply chain, and technology solutions to North American fleets.

Retail Automotive. We are one of the largest automotive retailers headquartered in the U.S. as measured by the $17.9 billion in total retail automotive dealership revenue we generated in 2020. As of September 30, 2021, we operated 305 retail automotive franchised dealerships, of which 144 franchised dealerships are located in the U.S. and 161 franchised dealerships are located outside of the U.S. The franchised dealerships outside the U.S. are located primarily in the U.K. In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we retailed and wholesaled more than 433,000 vehicles. We are diversified geographically, with 58% of our total retail automotive dealership revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, generated in the U.S. and Puerto Rico and 42% generated outside the U.S. We offer over 35 vehicle brands, with 70% of our retail automotive franchised dealership revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, generated from premium brands, such as Audi, BMW, Land Rover, Mercedes-Benz, and Porsche. Each of our franchised dealerships offers a wide selection of new and used vehicles for sale. In addition to selling new and used vehicles, we generate higher-margin revenue at each of our dealerships through maintenance and repair services, the sale and placement of third-party finance and insurance products, third-party extended service and maintenance contracts, and replacement and aftermarket automotive products. We operate our franchised dealerships under franchise agreements with a number of automotive manufacturers and distributors that are subject to certain rights and restrictions typical of the industry.

We also operate used vehicle dealerships in the U.S. and the U.K. which retail and wholesale used vehicles under a one price, “no-haggle” methodology under the CarShop brand. As of September 30, 2021, our operations in the U.S. consist of seven retail locations, and our operations in the U.K. consist of thirteen retail locations and a vehicle preparation center. In September 2021, we opened one CarShop location in the U.K., and in October 2021, we opened two additional CarShop locations, one in the U.S. in Scottsdale, Arizona and one in the U.K.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we acquired one retail automotive franchise in the U.S., were awarded one retail automotive franchise in the U.S., and disposed of one retail automotive franchise in the U.K. In October 2021, we also purchased the remaining 51% interest in the Nicole Group, our retail automotive joint venture in the greater Tokyo area of Japan representing BMW, MINI, Rolls-Royce, Ferrari, and ALPINA, which will result in these dealerships being consolidated in our financial statements beginning in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Retail Commercial Truck Dealership. We operate Premier Truck Group (“PTG”), a heavy- and medium-duty truck dealership group offering primarily Freightliner and Western Star trucks (both Daimler brands) with locations in Texas, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Georgia, Utah, Idaho, Kansas, Missouri, and Canada. In April 2021, we acquired Kansas City Freightliner (“KCFL”), a retailer of heavy- and medium-duty commercial trucks in Kansas and Missouri. KCFL added four full-service dealerships, four parts and service centers, and two collision centers to PTG’s operations. As of

9

September 30, 2021, PTG operated 35 locations which sell new and used trucks, parts and service, and collision repair services.

Penske Australia. Penske Australia is the exclusive importer and distributor of Western Star heavy-duty trucks, MAN heavy- and medium-duty trucks and buses (a VW Group brand), and Dennis Eagle refuse collection vehicles, together with associated parts, across Australia, New Zealand, and portions of the Pacific. In most of these same markets, we are also a leading distributor of diesel and gas engines and power systems, principally representing MTU, Detroit Diesel, Allison Transmission, Rolls Royce Power Systems, and Bergen Engines. Penske Australia offers products across the on- and off-highway markets, including in the construction, mining, marine, defense, and power generation sectors and supports full parts and aftersales service through a network of branches, field locations, and dealers across the region.

Penske Transportation Solutions. We hold a 28.9% ownership interest in Penske Truck Leasing Co., L.P (“PTL”). PTL is owned 41.1% by Penske Corporation, 28.9% by us, and 30.0% by Mitsui & Co., Ltd. (“Mitsui”). We account for our investment in PTL under the equity method, and we therefore record our share of PTL’s earnings on our statements of income under the caption “Equity in earnings of affiliates,” which also includes the results of our other equity method investments. Penske Transportation Solutions (“PTS”) is the universal brand name for PTL’s various business lines through which it is capable of meeting customers’ needs across the supply chain with a broad product offering that includes full-service truck leasing, truck rental, and contract maintenance along with logistic services, such as dedicated contract carriage, distribution center management, transportation management, lead logistics provider services, and dry van truckload carrier services.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements of PAG have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and disclosures normally included in our annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the SEC rules and regulations. The information presented as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 is unaudited but includes all adjustments which our management believes to be necessary for the fair presentation of results for the periods presented. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year. These consolidated condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, which are included as part of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The accounts requiring the use of significant estimates include accounts receivable, inventories, income taxes, intangible assets, and certain reserves.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset, or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Accounting standards establish a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value and also establishes the following three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

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Level 2	Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted market prices in markets that are not active, or model-derived valuations or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities
Level 3	Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities

Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, debt, floor plan notes payable, forward exchange contracts, and interest rate swaps used to hedge future cash flows. Other than our fixed rate debt, the carrying amount of all significant financial instruments approximates fair value due either to length of maturity, the existence of variable interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates, or as a result of mark to market accounting.

Our fixed rate debt consists of amounts outstanding under our senior subordinated notes and mortgage facilities. We estimate the fair value of our senior unsecured notes using quoted prices for the identical liability (Level 2), and we estimate the fair value of our mortgage facilities using a present value technique based on our current market interest rates for similar types of financial instruments (Level 2). A summary of our fixed rate debt is as follows:

	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025		544.3		561.3		543.2	$	554.6
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029		494.1		497.5		—		—
Mortgage facilities		319.8		326.1		458.1		474.7

During the second quarter of 2021, we issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029, the proceeds of which were used to redeem our $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026 on June 24, 2021. Refer to Note 9 “Long-Term Debt” for further discussion.

Discontinued Operations

We had no entities newly classified as held for sale during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, or 2020 that met the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations. As such, results from discontinued operations represent only those businesses that were classified as discontinued operations prior to the adoption of ASU No. 2014-08 on January 1, 2015.

Disposals

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we disposed of one retail automotive franchise. The results of operations for this business are included within continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 as this franchise did not meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale and treated as discontinued operations.

Income Taxes

Tax regulations may require items to be included in our tax return at different times than when those items are reflected in our financial statements. Some of the differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible on our tax return, and some are temporary differences, such as the timing of depreciation expense. Temporary differences create deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets generally represent items that will be used as a tax deduction or credit in our tax return in future years which we have already recorded in our financial statements. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent deductions taken on our tax return that have not yet been recognized as an expense in our financial statements. We establish valuation allowances for our deferred tax assets if the amount of expected future taxable income is not more likely than not to allow for the use of the deduction or credit.

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Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” This ASU provides optional guidance for a limited time to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. Additionally, entities can elect to continue applying hedge accounting for hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform if certain conditions are met. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope.” This ASU refines the scope of ASC 848 and clarifies some of its guidance as part of the Board’s monitoring of global reference rate reform activities. The ASU permits entities to elect certain optional expedients and exceptions when accounting for derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for discounting cash flows, for computing variation margin settlements, and for calculating price alignment interest in connection with reference rate reform activities. These new standards were effective upon issuance and generally can be applied to applicable contract modifications through December 31, 2022. While our credit facilities in the U.S. and U.K. and many of our floorplan arrangements utilize LIBOR as a benchmark for calculating the applicable interest rate, some of our floorplan arrangements have already transitioned to utilizing an alternative benchmark rate. We are continuing to evaluate the impact of the transition from LIBOR to alternative reference interest rates. We cannot predict the effect of the potential changes to or elimination of LIBOR, the establishment and use of alternative rates or benchmarks, and the corresponding effects on our cost of capital but do not expect a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

Disclosures for Business Acquisitions, Dispositions, and Significant Subsidiaries

On May 20, 2020, the SEC issued a final rule that amends the financial statement requirements for acquisitions and dispositions of businesses, including the determinations of whether a subsidiary or an acquired or disposed business is significant. The significance test rule changes to SEC Regulation S-X, Rule 3-09 impact our disclosure requirements for equity method investments, including our investment in Penske Transportation Solutions (“PTS”) as it relates to providing audited financial statements and summarized financial statement information in our footnotes disclosures. The rule is effective January 1, 2021, but earlier compliance is permitted. The Company early adopted this rule in the fourth quarter of 2020.

2. Revenues

Automotive and commercial truck dealerships generate the majority of our revenues. New and used vehicle revenues typically include sales to retail customers, to fleet customers, and to leasing companies providing consumer leasing. We generate finance and insurance revenues from sales of third-party extended service contracts, sales of third-party insurance policies, commissions relating to the sale of finance and lease contracts to third parties, and the sales of certain other products. Service and parts revenues include fees paid by customers for repair, maintenance and collision services, and the sale of replacement parts and other aftermarket accessories, as well as warranty repairs that are reimbursed directly by various vehicle manufacturers. Revenues are recognized upon satisfaction of our performance obligations under contracts with our customers and are measured at the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. A discussion of revenue recognition by reportable segment is included below.

Retail Automotive and Retail Commercial Truck Dealership Revenue Recognition

Dealership Vehicle Sales. We record revenue for vehicle sales at a point in time when vehicles are delivered, which is when the transfer of title, risks and rewards of ownership, and control are considered passed to the customer. The amount of consideration we receive for vehicle sales is stated within the executed contract with our customer and is

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reduced by any noncash consideration representing the fair value of trade-in vehicles, if applicable. Payment is typically due and collected within 30 days subsequent to transfer of control of the vehicle.

Dealership Parts and Service Sales. We record revenue for vehicle service and collision work over time as work is completed and when parts are delivered to our customers. For service and parts revenues recorded over time, we utilize a method that considers total costs incurred to date and the applicable margin in relation to total expected efforts to complete our performance obligation in order to determine the appropriate amount of revenue to recognize over time. Recognition of this revenue over time reflects the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to for the transfer of goods and services performed to date, representative of the amount for which we have a right to payment. The amount of consideration we receive for parts and service sales, including collision repair work, is based upon labor hours expended and parts utilized to perform and complete the necessary services to our customers. Payment is typically due upon delivery or within a period of time shortly thereafter. We receive payment from our customers upon transfer of control or within a period typically less than 30 days subsequent to the completion of services for the customer. We allow for customer returns of parts sales up to 30 days after the sale; however, parts returns are not material.

Dealership Finance and Insurance Sales. Subsequent to the sale of a vehicle to a customer, we sell installment sale contracts to various financial institutions on a non-recourse basis (with specified exceptions) to mitigate the risk of default. We receive a commission from the lender equal to either the difference between the interest rate charged to the customer and the interest rate set by the financing institution or a flat fee. We also receive commissions for facilitating the sale of various products to customers, including guaranteed vehicle protection insurance, vehicle theft protection, and extended service contracts. These commissions are recorded as revenue at a point in time when the customer enters into the contract. Payment is typically due and collected within 30 days subsequent to the execution of the contract with the customer.

In the case of finance contracts, a customer may prepay or fail to pay their contract, thereby terminating the contract. Customers may also terminate extended service contracts and other insurance products, which are fully paid at purchase, and become eligible for refunds of unused premiums. In these circumstances, a portion of the commissions we received may be charged back based on the terms of the contracts. The revenue we record relating to these transactions is net of an estimate of the amount of chargebacks we will be required to pay. Our estimate is based upon our historical experience with similar contracts, including the impact of refinance and default rates on retail finance contracts and cancellation rates on extended service contracts and other insurance products. Aggregate reserves relating to chargeback activity were $32.2 million and $28.7 million as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Commercial Vehicle Distribution Revenue Recognition

Penske Australia. We record revenue from the distribution of vehicles and other products at a point in time when delivered, which is when the transfer of title, risks and rewards of ownership, and control are considered passed to the customer. We record revenue for service or repair work over time as work is completed and when parts are delivered to our customers. For service and parts revenues recorded over time, we utilize a method that considers total costs incurred to date and the applicable margin in relation to total expected efforts to complete our performance obligation in order to determine the appropriate amount of revenue to recognize over time. Recognition of this revenue over time reflects the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to for the transfer of goods and services performed to date, representative of the amount for which we have a right to payment.

The amount of consideration we receive for vehicle and product sales is stated within the executed contract with our customer. The amount of consideration we receive for parts and service sales is based upon labor hours expended and parts utilized to perform and complete the necessary services to our customers. Payment is typically due upon delivery, upon invoice, or within a period of time shortly thereafter. We receive payment from our customers upon transfer of control or within a period typically less than 30 days subsequent to transfer of control or invoice.

We record revenue from the distribution of engines and other products at a point in time when delivered, which is when the transfer of title, risks and rewards of ownership, and control are considered passed to the customer. We record revenue for service or repair work over time as work is completed and when parts are delivered to our customers. For service and parts revenues recorded over time, we utilize a method that considers total costs incurred to date and the

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applicable margin in relation to total expected efforts to complete our performance obligation in order to determine the appropriate amount of revenue to recognize over time. Recognition of revenue over time reflects the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to for the transfer of goods and services performed to date, representative of the amount for which we have a right to payment.

For our long-term power generation contracts, we record revenue over time as services are provided in accordance with contract milestones, which is considered an output method that requires judgment to determine our progress towards contract completion and the corresponding amount of revenue to recognize. Any revisions to estimates related to revenues or costs to complete contracts are recorded in the period in which the revisions to estimates are identified and the amounts can be reasonably estimated.

The amount of consideration we receive for engine, product, and power generation sales is stated within the executed contract with our customer. The amount of consideration we receive for service sales is based upon labor hours expended and parts utilized to perform and complete the necessary services to our customers. Payment is typically due upon delivery, upon invoice, or within a period of time shortly thereafter. We receive payment from our customers upon transfer of control or within a period typically less than 30 days subsequent to transfer of control or invoice.

Service and parts revenue represented $69.5 million and $210.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and $58.4 million and $159.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, for Penske Australia.

Retail Automotive Dealership

The following tables disaggregate our retail automotive reportable segment revenue by product type and geographic location for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Retail Automotive Dealership Revenue	2021		2020		2021		2020
New vehicle	$	2,275.2	$	2,350.6	$	7,507.9	$	5,599.8
Used vehicle		2,302.3		1,954.1		6,437.9		4,739.8
Finance and insurance, net		202.7		174.4		583.8		415.8
Service and parts		555.3		521.8		1,604.7		1,380.3
Fleet and wholesale		299.4		257.1		905.1		692.4
Total retail automotive dealership revenue	$	5,634.9	$	5,258.0	$	17,039.4	$	12,828.1

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Retail Automotive Dealership Revenue	2021		2020		2021		2020
U.S.	$	3,271.2	$	2,780.7	$	9,890.5	$	7,288.4
U.K.		2,055.2		2,105.5		6,099.2		4,608.7
Germany and Italy		308.5		371.8		1,049.7		931.0
Total retail automotive dealership revenue	$	5,634.9	$	5,258.0	$	17,039.4	$	12,828.1

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Retail Commercial Truck Dealership

The following table disaggregates our retail commercial truck reportable segment revenue by product type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Retail Commercial Truck Dealership Revenue	2021		2020		2021		2020
New truck	$	464.1	$	376.6	$	1,110.8	$	930.4
Used truck		81.2		63.9		191.2		135.4
Finance and insurance, net		4.8		4.1		11.7		10.5
Service and parts		160.9		122.1		442.8		358.1
Other		6.3		24.2		20.8		47.1
Total retail commercial truck dealership revenue	$	717.3	$	590.9	$	1,777.3	$	1,481.5

Commercial Vehicle Distribution

Our other reportable segment relates to our commercial vehicle distribution business. Commercial vehicle distribution revenue was $145.1 million and $441.9 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and $122.7 million and $322.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

Contract Balances

The following table summarizes our accounts receivable and unearned revenues as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Accounts receivable
Contracts in transit	$	203.9	$	254.0
Vehicle receivables		203.5		216.2
Manufacturer receivables		144.0		193.6
Trade receivables		169.4		135.3
Accrued expenses
Unearned revenues	$	262.7	$	262.9

Contracts in transit represent receivables from unaffiliated finance companies relating to the sale of customers’ installment sales and lease contracts arising in connection with the sale of a vehicle by us. Vehicle receivables represent receivables for any portion of the vehicle sales price not paid by the finance company. Manufacturer receivables represent amounts due from manufacturers, including incentives, holdbacks, rebates, warranty claims, and other receivables due from the factory. Trade receivables represent receivables due from customers, including amounts due for parts and service sales, as well as receivables due from finance companies and others for the commissions earned on financing and commissions earned on insurance and extended service products provided by third parties. We evaluate collectability of receivables and estimate an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the age of the receivable, contractual life, historical collection experience, current conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions, which is recorded within “Accounts receivable” on our consolidated balance sheets with our receivables presented net of the allowance.

Unearned revenues primarily relate to payments received from customers prior to satisfaction of our performance obligations, such as customer deposits and deferred revenues from operating leases. These amounts are presented within “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” on our consolidated balance sheets. Of the amounts recorded as unearned revenues as of December 31, 2020, $155.7 million was recognized as revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

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Additional Revenue Recognition Related Policies

We do not have any material significant payment terms associated with contracts with our customers. Payment is due and collected as previously detailed for each reportable segment. We do not offer material rights of return or service-type warranties.

Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are recorded on a net basis (excluded from revenue). Shipping costs incurred subsequent to transfer of control to our customers are recognized as cost of sales. Sales promotions that we offer to customers are accounted for as a reduction of revenues at the time of sale.

3. Leases

We lease land and facilities, including certain dealerships and office space. Our property leases are generally for an initial period between 5 and 20 years and are typically structured to include renewal options at our election. We include renewal options that we are reasonably certain to exercise in the measurement of our lease liabilities and right-of-use assets. We also have equipment leases that primarily relate to office and computer equipment, service and shop equipment, company vehicles, and other miscellaneous items. These leases are generally for a period of less than 5 years. We do not have any material leases, individually or in the aggregate, classified as a finance leasing arrangement.

We estimate the total undiscounted rent obligations under these leases, including any extension periods that we are reasonably certain to exercise, to be $5.4 billion as of September 30, 2021. Some of our lease arrangements include rental payments that are adjusted based on an index or rate, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI). As the rate implicit in the lease is generally not readily determinable for our operating leases, the discount rates used to determine the present value of our lease liability are based on our incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date and commensurate with the remaining lease term. Our incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest we would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet.

Pursuant to the leases for some of our larger facilities, we are required to comply with specified financial ratios, including a “rent coverage” ratio and a debt to EBITDA ratio, each as defined. For these leases, non-compliance with the ratios may require us to post collateral in the form of a letter of credit. A breach of the other lease covenants gives rise to certain remedies by the landlord, the most severe of which include the termination of the applicable lease and acceleration of the total rent payments due under the lease.

In connection with the sale, relocation, and closure of certain of our franchises, we have entered into a number of third-party sublease agreements. The rent paid by our sub-tenants on such properties was $5.8 million and $18.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and $6.5 million and $19.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. We have in the past and may in the future enter into sale-leaseback transactions to finance certain property acquisitions and capital expenditures, pursuant to which we sell property to third parties and agree to lease those assets back for a certain period of time. Such sales generate proceeds that vary from period to period. We had no proceeds from sale-leaseback transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. We do not have any material leases that have not yet commenced as of September 30, 2021.

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The following table summarizes our net operating lease cost during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Lease Cost
Operating lease cost (1)	$	62.8	$	64.4	$	187.1	$	184.9
Sublease income		(5.8)		(6.5)		(18.8)		(19.4)
Total lease cost	$	57.0	$	57.9	$	168.3	$	165.5

(1) Includes short-term leases and variable lease costs, which are immaterial.

The following table summarizes supplemental cash flow information related to our operating leases:

	Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2021		September 30, 2020
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases		186.9		174.2
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities		68.0		63.9

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate of our leases is as follows:

	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Lease Term and Discount Rate
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases		24 years	25 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		6.2%	6.4%

The following table summarizes the maturity of our lease liabilities on an undiscounted cash flow basis and a reconciliation to the operating lease liabilities recognized on our consolidated condensed balance sheet as of September 30, 2021:

Maturity of Lease Liabilities	September 30, 2021
2021 (1)	$	66.2
2022		240.1
2023		236.1
2024		250.4
2025		228.2
2026		217.9
2027 and thereafter		4,170.5
Total future minimum lease payments	$	5,409.4
Less: Imputed interest		(2,974.3)
Present value of future minimum lease payments	$	2,435.1
Current operating lease liabilities (2)	$	94.0
Long-term operating lease liabilities		2,341.1
Total operating lease liabilities	$	2,435.1

(1) Excludes the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

(2) Included within “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” on Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2021.

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4. Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Retail automotive dealership new vehicles	$	763.6	$	1,810.9
Retail automotive dealership used vehicles		1,130.0		1,019.7
Retail automotive parts, accessories, and other		117.5		117.2
Retail commercial truck dealership vehicles and parts		315.2		223.1
Commercial vehicle distribution vehicles, parts, and engines		272.1		254.7
Total inventories	$	2,598.4	$	3,425.6

We receive credits from certain vehicle manufacturers that reduce cost of sales when the vehicles are sold. Such credits amounted to $14.4 million and $13.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively, and $51.5 million and $37.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

5. Business Combinations

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we acquired one retail automotive franchise in the U.S. We also acquired Kansas City Freightliner (“KCFL”), adding four full-service dealerships, four parts and service centers, and two collision centers to PTG’s existing operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we made no acquisitions. Our financial statements include the results of operations of the acquired entity from the date of acquisition. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been recorded in our consolidated condensed financial statements and may be subject to adjustment pending completion of final valuation. The following table summarizes the aggregate consideration paid and the aggregate amounts of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:

	September 30,
	2021
Accounts receivable	$	—
Inventories		37.0
Other current assets		0.1
Property and equipment		62.8
Indefinite-lived intangibles		181.3
Other noncurrent assets		—
Current liabilities		(2.8)
Noncurrent liabilities		(0.4)
Total cash used in acquisitions	$	278.0

The following unaudited consolidated pro forma results of operations of PAG for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 give effect to acquisitions consummated during 2021 and 2020 as if they had occurred effective at the beginning of the periods:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenues	$	6,497.3	$	6,093.4	$	19,364.3	$	14,903.4
Income from continuing operations		354.9		250.3		879.0		350.3
Net income		355.1		250.4		879.3		350.5
Income from continuing operations per diluted common share	$	4.46	$	3.11	$	10.95	$	4.36
Net income per diluted common share	$	4.47	$	3.11	$	10.95	$	4.36

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6. Intangible Assets

Following is a summary of the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2021:

			Other Indefinite-
			Lived Intangible
	Goodwill		Assets
Balance, January 1, 2021	$	1,928.4	$	563.4
Additions		137.6		43.7
Disposals		(0.6)		—
Foreign currency translation		(14.5)		(6.4)
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	2,050.9	$	600.7

The additions during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, were within our Retail Automotive and Retail Truck reportable segments. The disposals during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, were within our Retail Automotive reportable segment. We disposed of one retail automotive franchise. As of September 30, 2021, the goodwill balance within our Retail Automotive, Retail Commercial Truck, and Other reportable segments was $1,602.2 million, $369.4 million, and $79.3 million, respectively. There is no goodwill recorded in our Non-Automotive Investments reportable segment.

7. Vehicle Financing

We finance substantially all of the commercial vehicles we purchase for distribution, new vehicles for retail sale, and a portion of our used vehicle inventories for retail sale under floor plan and other revolving arrangements with various lenders, including the captive finance companies associated with automotive manufacturers. In the U.S., the floor plan arrangements are due on demand; however, we have not historically been required to repay floor plan advances prior to the sale of the vehicles that have been financed. We typically make monthly interest payments on the amount financed. Outside of the U.S., substantially all of the floor plan arrangements are payable on demand or have an original maturity of 90 days or less, and we are generally required to repay floor plan advances at the earlier of the sale of the vehicles that have been financed or the stated maturity.

The agreements typically grant a security interest in substantially all of the assets of our dealership and distribution subsidiaries and in the U.S., Australia, and New Zealand are guaranteed or partially guaranteed by us. Interest rates under the arrangements are variable and increase or decrease based on changes in the prime rate, defined London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), the Finance House Base Rate, the Euro Interbank Offered Rate, the Canadian Prime Rate, the Australian Bank Bill Swap Rate (“BBSW”), or the New Zealand Bank Bill Benchmark Rate. To date, we have not experienced any material limitation with respect to the amount or availability of financing from any institution providing us vehicle financing. We also receive non-refundable credits from certain of our vehicle manufacturers, which are treated as a reduction of cost of sales as vehicles are sold.

The weighted average interest rate on floor plan borrowings was 1.2% and 1.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. We classify floor plan notes payable to a party other than the manufacturer of a particular new vehicle and all floor plan notes payable relating to pre-owned vehicles as “Floor plan notes payable — non-trade” on our consolidated balance sheets and classify related cash flows as a financing activity on our consolidated statements of cash flows.

8. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed using net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders and the number of weighted average shares of voting common stock outstanding, including outstanding unvested equity awards which contain rights to non-forfeitable dividends. Diluted earnings per share is computed using net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders and the number of weighted average shares of voting common stock outstanding, adjusted for any dilutive effects. A reconciliation of the number of shares used in

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the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 follows:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021	2020	2021	2020
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding	79,497,482	80,340,076	80,272,613	80,368,589
Effect of non-participatory equity compensation	25,845	40,000	25,845	40,000
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, including effect of dilutive securities	79,523,327	80,380,076	80,298,458	80,408,589

9. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following and includes $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029 issued in June 2021, the proceeds of which were used to redeem our $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026 on June 24, 2021:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
U.S. credit agreement — revolving credit line	$	—	$	108.0
U.K. credit agreement — revolving credit line		—		—
U.K. credit agreement — overdraft line of credit		—		—
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025		544.3		543.2
5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026		—		496.4
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029		494.1		—
Australia capital loan agreement		27.4		32.1
Australia working capital loan agreement		—		—
Mortgage facilities		319.8		458.1
Other		39.0		51.8
Total long-term debt		1,424.6		1,689.6
Less: current portion		(67.9)		(87.5)
Net long-term debt	$	1,356.7	$	1,602.1

U.S. Credit Agreement

Our U.S. credit agreement (the “U.S. credit agreement”) with Mercedes-Benz Financial Services USA LLC and Toyota Motor Credit Corporation provides for up to $800.0 million in revolving loans for working capital, acquisitions, capital expenditures, investments, and other general corporate purposes and up to an additional $50 million of letters of credit. The U.S. credit agreement provides for a maximum of $150.0 million of borrowings for foreign acquisitions and expires on September 30, 2024. The interest rate on revolving loans is LIBOR plus 1.75%, subject to an incremental 1.25% for uncollateralized borrowings in excess of a defined borrowing base.

The U.S. credit agreement is fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by substantially all of our U.S. subsidiaries and contains a number of significant operating covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, repay certain other indebtedness, pay dividends, create liens on assets, make investments or acquisitions, and engage in mergers or consolidations. We are also required to comply with specified financial and other tests and ratios each as defined in the U.S. credit agreement, including a ratio of current assets to current liabilities, a fixed charge coverage ratio, a ratio of debt to stockholders’ equity, and a ratio of debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”). A breach of these requirements would give rise to certain remedies under the agreement, the most severe of which is the termination of the agreement and acceleration of the amounts owed.

The U.S. credit agreement also contains typical events of default, including change of control, non-payment of obligations, and cross-defaults to our other material indebtedness. Substantially all of our U.S. assets are subject to

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security interests granted to the lenders under the U.S. credit agreement. As of September 30, 2021, we had no outstanding revolver borrowings under the U.S. credit agreement.

U.K. Credit Agreement

Our subsidiaries in the U.K. (the “U.K. subsidiaries”) are party to a £150.0 million revolving credit agreement with the National Westminster Bank plc and BMW Financial Services (GB) Limited plus an additional £52.0 million of demand overdraft lines of credit, £40.0 million of which is only available on demand from March 20th to April 30th and September 20th to October 31st each year (relating to the peak sales periods in the U.K.), (collectively, the “U.K. credit agreement”) to be used for working capital, acquisitions, capital expenditures, investments, and general corporate purposes. The loans mature on the termination date of the facility, which is December 12, 2023. The revolving loans bear interest between defined LIBOR plus 1.10% and defined LIBOR plus 2.10%. The U.K. credit agreement also includes a £100.0 million “accordion” feature which allows the U.K. subsidiaries to request up to an additional £100.0 million of facility capacity. The lenders may agree to provide the additional capacity, and if not, the U.K. subsidiaries may add an additional lender, if available, to the facility to provide such additional capacity. As of September 30, 2021, we had no outstanding revolver borrowings under the U.K. credit agreement.

The U.K. credit agreement is fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by our U.K. subsidiaries and contains a number of significant covenants that, among other things, restrict the ability of our U.K. subsidiaries to pay dividends, dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, repay other indebtedness, create liens on assets, make investments or acquisitions, and engage in mergers or consolidations. In addition, our U.K. subsidiaries are required to comply with defined ratios and tests, including a ratio of earnings before interest, taxes, amortization, and rental payments (“EBITAR”) to interest plus rental payments, a measurement of maximum capital expenditures, and a debt to EBITDA ratio. A breach of these requirements would give rise to certain remedies under the agreement, the most severe of which is the termination of the agreement and acceleration of any amounts owed.

The U.K. credit agreement also contains typical events of default, including change of control and non-payment of obligations and cross-defaults to other material indebtedness of our U.K. subsidiaries. Substantially all of our U.K. subsidiaries’ assets are subject to security interests granted to the lenders under the U.K. credit agreement.

Senior Subordinated Notes

We have issued the following senior subordinated notes:

Description	Maturity Date	Interest Payment Dates	Principal Amount
3.50% Notes	September 1, 2025	February 15, August 15	$550 million
3.75% Notes	June 15, 2029	June 15, December 15	$500 million

Each of these notes are our unsecured, senior subordinated obligations and are guaranteed on an unsecured senior subordinated basis by our 100% owned U.S. subsidiaries. Each also contain customary negative covenants and events of default. If we experience certain “change of control” events specified in the indentures, holders of these notes will have the option to require us to purchase for cash all or a portion of their notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, if we make certain asset sales and do not reinvest the proceeds thereof or use such proceeds to repay certain debt, we will be required to use the proceeds of such asset sales to make an offer to purchase the notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Optional redemption. Prior to September 1, 2022, we may redeem the 3.50% Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal thereof, plus an applicable make-whole premium and any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, we may redeem up to 40% of the 3.50% Notes before September 1, 2022, with net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 103.50% of the principal thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest. On or after September 1, 2022, we may redeem the 3.50% Notes at the redemption prices noted in the indenture. Prior to June 15, 2024, we may redeem the 3.75% Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal thereof, plus an applicable make-whole premium, and any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, we may redeem up to 40% of the Notes before

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June 15, 2024 with net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 103.750% of the principal thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest. We may redeem the 3.75% Notes on or after June 15, 2024 at the redemption prices specified in the indenture.

Australia Loan Agreements

Penske Australia is party to two facilities with Volkswagen Financial Services Australia Pty Limited representing a five-year AU $50.0 million capital loan and a one-year AU $50.0 million working capital loan. Both facilities are subject to annual extensions. These agreements each provide the lender with a secured interest in all assets of these businesses. The loans bear interest at the Australian BBSW 30-day Bill Rate plus 3.0%. Irrespective of the term of the agreements, both agreements provide the lender with the ability to call the loans on 90 days’ notice. These facilities are also guaranteed by our U.S. parent company up to $50.0 million. As of September 30, 2021, we had AU $37.9 million ($27.4 million) outstanding under the capital loan agreement and no outstanding borrowings under the working capital loan agreement.

Mortgage Facilities

We are party to several mortgages that bear interest at defined rates and require monthly principal and interest payments. These mortgage facilities also contain typical events of default, including non-payment of obligations, cross-defaults to our other material indebtedness, certain change of control events, and the loss or sale of certain franchises operated at the properties. Substantially all of the buildings and improvements on the properties financed pursuant to the mortgage facilities are subject to security interests granted to the lender. As of September 30, 2021, we owed $319.8 million of principal under our mortgage facilities.

10. Derivatives and Hedging

Penske Australia sells vehicles, engines, parts and other products purchased from manufacturers in the U.S., Germany, and the U.K. In order to protect against exchange rate movements, Penske Australia enters into foreign exchange forward contracts against anticipated cash flows. The contracts are timed to mature when major shipments are scheduled to arrive in Australia and when receipt of payment from customers is expected. We classify our foreign exchange forward contracts as cash flow hedges and record them at fair value. We use Level 2 inputs to estimate the fair value of the foreign exchange forward contracts. The fair value of the contracts designated as hedging instruments was estimated to be an asset of $1.7 million and a liability of $2.5 million as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively.

The Company periodically uses interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk associated with the Company’s variable rate floor plan debt. In April 2020, we entered into a five-year interest rate swap agreement pursuant to which the LIBOR portion of $300.0 million of our U.S. floating rate floor plan debt is fixed at 0.5875%. This arrangement is in effect through April 2025. We may terminate this arrangement at any time, subject to the settlement at that time of the fair value of the swap arrangement.

The interest rate swap is designated as a cash flow hedge, and the related gain or loss is deferred in stockholders’ equity as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). Monthly contractual settlements of the position are recognized as Floorplan interest expense, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We had no gain or loss related to ineffectiveness recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. We use Level 2 inputs to estimate the fair value of the interest rate swap agreement. The fair value of the swap designated as a hedging instrument was estimated to be a net asset of $0.8 million as of September 30, 2021, and a net liability of $4.3 million as of December 31, 2020.

11. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

We are involved in litigation which may relate to claims brought by governmental authorities, issues with customers, and employment related matters, including class action claims and purported class action claims. As of September 30, 2021, we were not party to any legal proceedings, including class action lawsuits that, individually or in the aggregate,

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are reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, the results of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, and an unfavorable resolution of one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

We lease land and facilities, including certain dealerships and office space. Pursuant to the leases for some of our larger facilities, we are required to comply with specified financial ratios, including a “rent coverage” ratio and a debt to EBITDA ratio, each as defined. For these leases, non-compliance with the ratios may require us to post collateral in the form of a letter of credit. A breach of the other lease covenants gives rise to certain remedies by the landlord, the most severe of which include the termination of the applicable lease and acceleration of the total rent payments due under the lease. Refer to the disclosures provided in Note 3 for further description of our leases.

We have sold a number of dealerships to third parties and, as a condition to certain of those sales, remain liable for the lease payments relating to the properties on which those businesses operate in the event of non-payment by the buyer. We are also party to lease agreements on properties that we no longer use in our retail operations that we have sublet to third parties. We rely on subtenants to pay the rent and maintain the property at these locations. In the event the subtenant does not perform as expected, we may not be able to recover amounts owed to us and we could be required to fulfill these obligations.

Our floor plan credit agreements with Mercedes Benz Financial Services Australia and Mercedes Benz Financial Services New Zealand (“MBA”) provide us revolving loans for the acquisition of commercial vehicles for distribution to our retail network. These facilities include a commitment to repurchase dealer vehicles in the event the dealer’s floor plan agreement with MBA is terminated.

We have $29.2 million of letters of credit outstanding as of September 30, 2021, and have posted $21.3 million of surety bonds in the ordinary course of business.

12. Equity

During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we repurchased 2,027,531 shares of our common stock for $178.7 million, or an average of $88.15 per share, under our securities repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we repurchased 2,375,762 shares of our outstanding common stock for $206.9 million, or an average of $87.07 per share, under this program. In July 2021, our Board of Directors increased the authority delegated to management to repurchase our outstanding securities to $250.0 million, of which $71.3 million remains outstanding as of September 30, 2021. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we acquired 2,100 shares of our common stock for $0.2 million, or an average of $75.49 per share, from employees in connection with a net share settlement feature of employee equity awards. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we acquired 149,176 shares of our common stock for $12.9 million, or an average of $86.78 per share, from employees in connection with a net share settlement feature of employee equity awards.

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13. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component and the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively, attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders follows:

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

	Foreign
	Currency		Interest Rate
	Translation		Swaps		Other		Total
Balance at June 30, 2021	$	(133.3)	$	0.3	$	(14.8)	$	(147.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(42.2)		—		(0.5)		(42.7)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax benefit of $0.1		—		0.3		—		0.3
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(42.2)		0.3		(0.5)		(42.4)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	(175.5)	$	0.6	$	(15.3)	$	(190.2)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

	Foreign
	Currency		Interest Rate
	Translation		Swaps		Other		Total
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	(251.3)	$	(4.1)	$	(19.4)	$	(274.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		49.5		0.3		3.3		53.1
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax provision of $0.1		—		(0.2)		—		(0.2)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		49.5		0.1		3.3		52.9
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	(201.8)	$	(4.0)	$	(16.1)	$	(221.9)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

	Foreign
	Currency		Interest Rate
	Translation		Swaps		Other		Total
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	(135.5)	$	(3.2)	$	(21.9)	$	(160.6)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(40.0)		3.0		6.6		(30.4)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax benefit of $0.3		—		0.8		—		0.8
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(40.0)		3.8		6.6		(29.6)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	(175.5)	$	0.6	$	(15.3)	$	(190.2)

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Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

	Foreign
	Currency		Interest Rate
	Translation		Swaps		Other		Total
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	(186.1)	$	—	$	(16.7)	$	(202.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(15.7)		(3.8)		0.6		(18.9)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax provision of $0.1		—		(0.2)		—		(0.2)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(15.7)		(4.0)		0.6		(19.1)
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	(201.8)	$	(4.0)	$	(16.1)	$	(221.9)

14. Segment Information

Our operations are organized by management into operating segments by line of business and geography. We have determined that we have four reportable segments as defined in generally accepted accounting principles for segment reporting: (i) Retail Automotive, consisting of our retail automotive dealership operations; (ii) Retail Commercial Truck, consisting of our retail commercial truck dealership operations in the U.S. and Canada; (iii) Other, consisting of our commercial vehicle and power systems distribution operations; and (iv) Non-Automotive Investments, consisting of our equity method investments in non-automotive operations which includes our investment in PTS. The Retail Automotive reportable segment includes all automotive dealerships and all departments relevant to the operation of the dealerships and our retail automotive joint ventures. The individual dealership operations included in the Retail Automotive reportable segment represent six operating segments: Eastern, Central, and Western United States, Used Vehicle Dealerships United States, International, and Used Vehicle Dealerships International. These operating segments have been aggregated into one reportable segment as their operations (A) have similar economic characteristics (all are automotive dealerships having similar margins), (B) offer similar products and services (all sell new and/or used vehicles, service, parts, and third-party finance and insurance products), (C) have similar target markets and customers (generally individuals), and (D) have similar distribution and marketing practices (all distribute products and services through dealership facilities that market to customers in similar fashions). Revenue and segment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 follows:

Three Months Ended September 30

	Retail		Retail Commercial				Non-Automotive		Intersegment
	Automotive		Truck		Other		Investments		Elimination		Total
Revenues
2021	$	5,634.9	$	717.3	$	145.1	$	—	$	—	$	6,497.3
2020		5,258.0	$	590.9	$	122.7	$	—	$	—	$	5,971.6
Segment income
2021	$	299.6	$	48.3	$	9.8	$	118.4	$	—	$	476.1
2020		215.4	$	23.4	$	8.3	$	64.5	$	—	$	311.6

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Nine Months Ended September 30

	Retail		Retail Commercial				Non-Automotive		Intersegment
	Automotive		Truck		Other		Investments		Elimination		Total
Revenues
2021	$	17,039.4	$	1,777.3	$	441.9	$	—	$	—	$	19,258.6
2020		12,828.1	$	1,481.5	$	322.2	$	—	$	—	$	14,631.8
Segment income
2021	$	772.9	$	115.5	$	24.2	$	274.8	$	—	$	1,187.4
2020		268.5	$	51.7	$	16.1	$	108.0	$	—	$	444.3

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed in Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements.” We have acquired and initiated a number of businesses during the periods presented and addressed in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Our financial statements include the results of operations of those businesses from the date acquired or when they commenced operations. Our period-to-period results of operations may vary depending on the dates of acquisitions or disposals.

Overview

We are a diversified international transportation services company and one of the world's premier automotive and commercial truck retailers. We operate dealerships principally in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Italy, and Japan, and we are one of the largest retailers of commercial trucks in North America for Freightliner. We also distribute and retail commercial vehicles, diesel and gas engines, power systems, and related parts and services principally in Australia and New Zealand. Additionally, we own 28.9% of Penske Transportation Solutions, a business that manages a fleet of over 350,000 vehicles providing innovative transportation, supply chain, and technology solutions to North American fleets. We employ over 24,000 people worldwide.

COVID-19 Disclosure – The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic across the globe adversely impacted each of our markets and the global economy, leading to disruptions in our business. While the COVID-19 pandemic continued in all of our markets, we have experienced improved business conditions and improved financial results primarily driven by our cost cutting measures and increased gross profit on vehicles sold due in part to increased demand, coupled with lower inventory due to production shortages experienced by our vehicle manufacturers.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.K. reinstated shelter-in-place orders which required our dealership showrooms to remain closed during the first quarter of 2021. These shelter-in-place orders largely expired on April 12, 2021, and most of the remaining restrictions expired on July 19, 2021. We continued to conduct sales through our online tools, which allowed vehicle sales without showroom access. If shelter-in-place orders are re-enacted or other restrictions are placed on our business, we may be adversely impacted.

The full impact that the COVID-19 pandemic will have on our business cannot be predicted at this time due to numerous uncertainties, including the duration of the outbreak, travel restrictions, business closures, the effectiveness of actions taken to contain the disease, the distribution rate and acceptance rate of a vaccine, the effect of government assistance programs, production levels from our manufacturing partners, and other unintended consequences. This impact could include changes in customer demand, our relationship with, and the financial and operational capacities of, vehicle manufacturers, captive finance companies and other suppliers, workforce availability, risks associated with our indebtedness (including available borrowing capacity, compliance with financial covenants and ability to refinance or repay indebtedness on favorable terms), the adequacy of our cash flow and earnings and other conditions which may affect our liquidity, and disruptions to our technology network and other critical systems, including our dealer management systems and software or other facilities or equipment. We believe that business disruption relating to the COVID-19 pandemic may continue to negatively impact the global economy and may affect our businesses as outlined above, or in other manners including global supply chain disruptions resulting in lower levels of vehicles and parts available for sale, all of which would adversely impact our business and results of operations.

Business Overview

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, our business generated $19.3 billion in total revenue, which is comprised of approximately $17.0 billion from retail automotive dealerships, $1.8 billion from retail commercial truck dealerships, and $441.9 million from commercial vehicle distribution operations. We generated $3.3 billion in gross

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profit, which is comprised of $2.9 billion from retail automotive dealerships, $298.0 million from retail commercial truck dealerships, and $112.4 million from commercial vehicle distribution operations.

Retail Automotive. We are one of the largest automotive retailers headquartered in the U.S. as measured by the $17.9 billion in total retail automotive dealership revenue we generated in 2020. As of September 30, 2021, we operated 305 retail automotive franchised dealerships, of which 144 franchised dealerships are located in the U.S. and 161 franchised dealerships are located outside of the U.S. The franchised dealerships outside the U.S. are located primarily in the U.K. In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we retailed and wholesaled more than 433,000 vehicles. We are diversified geographically, with 58% of our total retail automotive dealership revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, generated in the U.S. and Puerto Rico and 42% generated outside the U.S. We offer over 35 vehicle brands, with 70% of our retail automotive franchised dealership revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, generated from premium brands, such as Audi, BMW, Land Rover, Mercedes-Benz, and Porsche. Each of our franchised dealerships offers a wide selection of new and used vehicles for sale. In addition to selling new and used vehicles, we generate higher-margin revenue at each of our dealerships through maintenance and repair services, the sale and placement of third-party finance and insurance products, third-party extended service and maintenance contracts, and replacement and aftermarket automotive products. We operate our franchised dealerships under franchise agreements with a number of automotive manufacturers and distributors that are subject to certain rights and restrictions typical of the industry.

We also operate used vehicle dealerships in the U.S. and the U.K. which retail and wholesale used vehicles under a one price, “no-haggle” methodology under the CarShop brand. Our operations in the U.S. consist of seven retail locations. Our operations in the U.K. consist of thirteen retail locations and a vehicle preparation center. In September 2021, we opened one CarShop location in the U.K., and in October 2021, we opened two additional CarShop locations, one in the U.S. in Scottsdale, Arizona and one in the U.K. We expect to open one additional CarShop location by the end of 2021. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, these used vehicle locations retailed 18,451 and 48,588 units and generated $438.1 million and $1.1 billion in revenue, respectively.

Retail automotive dealerships represented 88.5% of our total revenues and 87.4% of our total gross profit in the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Retail Commercial Truck Dealership. We operate Premier Truck Group (“PTG”), a heavy- and medium-duty truck dealership group offering primarily Freightliner and Western Star trucks (both Daimler brands) with locations in Texas, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Georgia, Utah, Idaho, Kansas, Missouri, and Canada. In April 2021, we acquired Kansas City Freightliner (“KCFL”), a retailer of heavy- and medium-duty commercial trucks in Kansas and Missouri. KCFL added four full-service dealerships, four parts and service centers, and two collision centers to PTG’s existing operations. As of September 30, 2021, PTG operated 35 locations which provide services such as new and used truck sales, parts and service, and collision repair. This business represented 9.2% of our total revenues and 9.1% of our total gross profit in the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Penske Australia. We are the exclusive importer and distributor of Western Star heavy-duty trucks, MAN heavy- and medium-duty trucks and buses (a VW Group brand), and Dennis Eagle refuse collection vehicles, together with associated parts, across Australia, New Zealand, and portions of the Pacific. In most of these same markets, we are also a leading distributor of diesel and gas engines and power systems, principally representing MTU, Detroit Diesel, Allison Transmission, Rolls Royce Power Systems, and Bergen Engines. This business, known as Penske Australia, offers products across the on- and off-highway markets, including in the construction, mining, marine, defense, and power generation sectors and supports full parts and aftersales service through a network of branches, field locations, and dealers across the region. These businesses represented 2.3% of our total revenues and 3.5% of our total gross profit in the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Penske Transportation Solutions. We hold a 28.9% ownership interest in Penske Truck Leasing Co., L.P (“PTL”). PTL is owned 41.1% by Penske Corporation, 28.9% by us, and 30.0% by Mitsui & Co., Ltd. (“Mitsui”). We account for our investment in PTL under the equity method, and we therefore record our share of PTL’s earnings on our statements of income under the caption “Equity in earnings of affiliates,” which also includes the results of our other equity method investments. Penske Transportation Solutions (“PTS”) is the universal brand name for PTL’s various business lines

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through which it is capable of meeting customers’ needs across the supply chain with a broad product offering that includes full-service truck leasing, truck rental, and contract maintenance along with logistic services, such as dedicated contract carriage, distribution center management, transportation management, lead logistics provider services, and dry van truckload carrier services. We recorded $274.5 million and $108.0 million in equity earnings from this investment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Outlook

Retail Automotive Dealership. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, U.S. new light vehicle sales increased 13.3%, as compared to the same period last year, to 11.8 million units. We believe the year over year increase in overall sales in the U.S. is primarily attributable to improved consumer confidence and a stronger economy as compared to the same time last year at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic when shelter-in-place rules limited operations in many states. Additionally, a lower supply of new vehicles available for sale due to disruptions in the supply chain as discussed below contributed to higher vehicle gross profit on both new and used vehicles sold, which, coupled with cost cutting measures enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in improved profitability and earnings.

Many of our principal vehicle manufacturers have announced production disruptions caused by a shortage of microchips or other components. The shortage is reported to be due to the overall demand for microchips in the global economy and production disruptions caused by staffing and other COVID-19 related issues. According to IHS Markit, global automotive production was reduced by approximately 7.4 million units during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, due to the shortage. The National Automobile Dealers Association has predicted sales for the U.S. light vehicle market to be approximately 15.2 million units in 2021. Our new vehicle days’ supply is 19 as of September 30, 2021, compared to 50 as of December 31, 2020. While we expect to continue to have normal levels of used vehicles for sale (our used vehicle days’ supply is 40 as of September 30, 2021, compared to 48 as of December 31, 2020), prolonged shortages could result in lower new vehicle sales volumes which could, in turn, impact the availability and affordability of used vehicles and adversely affect us. The lower supply of new vehicles contributed to higher vehicle gross profit on both new and used vehicles sold, which contributed to our higher overall profitability. We expect lower inventories of new vehicles and parts disruptions to continue into 2022 until the supply of certain components used to manufacture vehicles improves. When the supply of vehicles improves, we may experience reduced new and used vehicle gross profit.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, U.K. new vehicle registrations increased 5.9%, as compared to the same period last year, to 1,316,614 registrations. Premium/luxury unit sales, which account for over 92% of our U.K. new unit sales, increased 4.4% during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to a 5.9% increase for the overall market. We believe the year over year increase in overall sales in the U.K. is primarily attributable to improved consumer confidence and a stronger economy as compared to the same time last year at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic when shelter-in-place rules limited operations. Additionally, we experienced improved profitability and earnings year over year as a lower supply of new vehicles available for sale due to disruptions in the supply chain as discussed above contributed to higher vehicle gross profits on both new and used vehicles sold, cost cutting measures, and our efforts to conduct sales digitally. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.K. reinstated shelter-in-place orders which required our dealership showrooms to remain closed during the first quarter of 2021. These shelter-in-place orders largely expired on April 12, 2021, and most of the remaining restrictions expired on July 19, 2021.

We believe U.K. sales were also impacted by the uncertainty of residual values, potentially higher taxes on diesel-powered vehicles, and consumer uncertainty about low emission zones as the U.K. and Western European countries consider the ramifications of diesel engines on the environment, while also providing government incentives on certain electric vehicles. Representatives of the U.K. government suggested a ban on the sale of gasoline engines in new cars and new vans as early as 2030 and a ban on the sale of gasoline hybrid engines in new cars and new vans as early as 2035. Sales of diesel-powered vehicles decreased 43.8% and non-diesel vehicles increased 15.9% during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period last year.

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Retail Commercial Truck Dealership. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, North American sales of Class 6-8 medium- and heavy-duty trucks, the principal vehicles for our PTG business, increased 18.3% from the same period last year to 298,722 units. The Class 6-7 medium-duty truck market increased 8.0% to 97,276 units, and Class 8 heavy-duty trucks, the largest North American market, increased 24.1% to 201,446 units from the same period last year. The Class 8 heavy-duty market in North America is expected to increase from 233,000 units in 2020 to approximately 272,000 units in 2021 representing an increase of 17% driven by strong freight demand, an improving economy, and replacement demand. The lower supply of new commercial trucks contributed to higher truck gross profit on both new and used commercial trucks sold. We expect lower inventories of new commercial trucks and parts disruptions to continue into 2022 until the supply of certain components used to manufacture commercial trucks improves. When the supply of commercial trucks improves, we may experience reduced new and used commercial truck gross profit.

Commercial Vehicle Distribution. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Australian heavy-duty truck market reported sales of 9,104 units, representing an increase of 22.6% from the same period last year, while the New Zealand market reported sales of 2,167 units, representing an increase of 7.1% from the same period last year. We expect the commercial vehicle and power systems markets to remain resilient in for the remainder of 2021 and continuing benefits from sales of replacement or upgraded engines.

Penske Transportation Solutions. A majority of the PTS business is generated by multi-year contracts for full-service leasing, contract maintenance, and logistics services. We expect continued resilient performance for the remainder of 2021 as PTS has experienced increased levels of utilizations and profitability as business conditions improved as compared to the same period last year.

As described in “Forward-Looking Statements,” there are a number of factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. See Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

Operating Overview

Automotive and commercial truck dealerships together represent over 95% and 70% of our revenue and our earnings before taxes, respectively. Income from our PTS investment represents over 20% of our earnings before taxes. New and used vehicle revenues typically include sales to retail customers, fleet customers, and leasing companies providing consumer leasing. We generate finance and insurance revenues from sales of third-party extended service contracts, sales of third-party insurance policies, commissions relating to the sale of finance and lease contracts to third parties, and the sales of certain other products. Service and parts revenues include fees paid by customers for repair, maintenance and collision services, and the sale of replacement parts and other aftermarket accessories as well as warranty repairs that are reimbursed directly by various vehicle manufacturers.

Our gross profit tends to vary with the mix of revenues we derive from the sale of new vehicles, used vehicles, finance and insurance products, and service and parts transactions. Our gross profit varies across product lines with vehicle sales usually resulting in lower gross profit margins and our other revenues resulting in higher gross profit margins. Factors such as inventory and vehicle availability, customer demand, consumer confidence, unemployment, general economic conditions, seasonality, weather, credit availability, fuel prices, and manufacturers’ advertising and incentives also impact the mix of our revenues and therefore, influence our gross profit margin.

The results of our commercial vehicle distribution business in Australia and New Zealand are principally driven by the number and types of products and vehicles ordered by our customers.

Aggregate revenue and gross profit increased $525.7 million and $209.2 million, or 8.8% and 21.9%, respectively, during the three months ended September 30, 2021, and $4,626.8 million and $975.5 million, or 31.6% and 42.7%, respectively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same periods in 2020. See “COVID-19 Disclosure” above.  

As exchange rates fluctuate, our revenue and results of operations as reported in U.S. Dollars fluctuate. For example, if the British Pound were to weaken against the U.S. Dollar, our U.K. results of operations would translate into less U.S. Dollar reported results. Foreign currency average rate fluctuations increased revenue and gross profit by $137.6 million

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and $21.8 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and increased revenue and gross profit by $652.5 million and $98.5 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Foreign currency average rate fluctuations increased earnings per share from continuing operations by approximately $0.06 per share for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and increased earnings per share from continuing operations by approximately $0.23 per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Excluding the impact of foreign currency average rate fluctuations, revenue and gross profit increased 6.5% and 19.6%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2021, and increased 27.2% and 38.4%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Our selling expenses consist of advertising and compensation for sales personnel, including commissions and related bonuses. General and administrative expenses include compensation for administration, finance, legal and general management personnel, rent, insurance, utilities, and other expenses. As the majority of our selling expenses are variable and a significant portion of our general and administrative expenses are subject to our control, we believe our expenses can be adjusted over time to reflect economic trends.

Equity in earnings of affiliates principally represents our share of the earnings from PTS, along with our investments in joint ventures and other non-consolidated investments.

Floor plan interest expense relates to financing incurred in connection with the acquisition of new and used vehicle inventories that are secured by those vehicles. Other interest expense consists of interest charges on all of our interest-bearing debt, other than interest relating to floor plan financing, and includes interest relating to our retail commercial truck dealership and commercial vehicle distribution operations. The cost of our variable rate indebtedness is based on the prime rate, defined London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), the Bank of England Base Rate, the Finance House Base Rate, the Euro Interbank Offered Rate, the Canadian Prime Rate, the Australian Bank Bill Swap Rate, or the New Zealand Bank Bill Benchmark Rate.

Regulatory authorities in both the U.S. and U.K. have announced their intention to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR, ending after June 30, 2023 in the U.S. and U.K. for the LIBOR tenors that are relevant to our business. Our senior secured revolving credit facilities in the U.S. and U.K., and many of our floorplan arrangements, utilize LIBOR as a benchmark for calculating the applicable interest rate. We cannot predict the effect of the potential changes to or elimination of LIBOR or the establishment and use of alternative rates or benchmarks and the corresponding effects on our cost of capital.

The future success of our business is dependent upon, among other things, general economic and industry conditions, including the effect of COVID-19 on the global economy; the distribution rate and acceptance of vaccines for COVID-19; our ability to react effectively to changing business conditions in light of the COVID-19 pandemic; our ability to consummate and integrate acquisitions; the level of vehicle sales in the markets where we operate; our ability to obtain vehicles from our manufacturers, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and global shortages in microchip availability or other vehicle components; our ability to increase sales of higher margin products, especially service and parts sales; our ability to realize returns on our significant capital investment in new and upgraded dealership facilities; our ability to navigate a rapidly changing automotive and truck landscape; the success of our distribution of commercial vehicles, engines, and power systems; and the return realized from our investments in various joint ventures and other non-consolidated investments. See Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements” below.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the application of accounting policies that often involve making estimates and employing judgments. Such judgments influence the assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses recognized in our financial statements. Management, on an ongoing basis, reviews these estimates and assumptions. Management may determine that modifications in assumptions and estimates are required, which may result in a material change in our results of operations or financial position.

The accounting policies and estimates that we believe to be most dependent upon the use of estimates and assumptions are revenue recognition, goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, investments, self-insurance

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reserves, lease recognition, and income taxes. Refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2020 annual report on Form 10-K for additional detail and discussion of these critical accounting policies and estimates. There have been no material changes in critical accounting policies and estimates as described in our most recent annual report.

Refer to Part I, Item 1, Note 1 and Note 3 of the Notes to our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for disclosures regarding estimates and judgments related to lease recognition. Refer to Part I, Item 1, Note 2 of the Notes to our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for disclosures regarding estimates and judgments related to revenue recognition. Refer to “Income Taxes” within Part I, Item 1, Note 1 of the Notes to our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for disclosures regarding estimates and judgments related to income taxes.

Results of Operations

The following tables present comparative financial data relating to our operating performance in the aggregate and on a “same-store” basis. Dealership results are included in same-store comparisons when we have consolidated the acquired entity during the entirety of both periods being compared. As an example, if a dealership were acquired on January 15, 2019, the results of the acquired entity would be included in annual same-store comparisons beginning with the year ended December 31, 2021, and in quarterly same-store comparisons beginning with the quarter ended June 30, 2020.

The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, include a tax expense of $8.8 million, or $0.11 per share, related to revaluation of our U.K. deferred tax assets and liabilities due to an increase in the U.K. corporate tax rate from 19% currently to 25%, effective April 1, 2023. We also incurred a $17.0 million expense in connection with the redemption of our 5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026 during the second quarter of 2021, consisting of a $13.8 million redemption premium and the write-off of $3.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs, resulting in an after-tax charge of $12.6 million, or $0.16 per share. The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, include a net income tax benefit of $15.4 million, or $0.19 per share, from changes related to the CARES Act and various other U.S. and foreign tax legislation changes.

The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and each of the items mentioned below should be reviewed in light of our discussion under “COVID-19 Disclosure.”

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021, Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

Retail Automotive Dealership New Vehicle Data

(In millions, except unit and per unit amounts)

							2021 vs. 2020
New Vehicle Data	2021			2020			Change			% Change
New retail unit sales		44,373			52,522			(8,149)		(15.5)	%
Same-store new retail unit sales		44,107			51,736			(7,629)		(14.7)	%
New retail sales revenue	$	2,275.2		$	2,350.6		$	(75.4)		(3.2)	%
Same-store new retail sales revenue	$	2,252.4		$	2,323.7		$	(71.3)		(3.1)	%
New retail sales revenue per unit	$	51,273		$	44,754		$	6,519		14.6	%
Same-store new retail sales revenue per unit	$	51,066		$	44,915		$	6,151		13.7	%
Gross profit — new	$	264.0		$	192.8		$	71.2		36.9	%
Same-store gross profit — new	$	260.9		$	191.2		$	69.7		36.5	%
Average gross profit per new vehicle retailed	$	5,948		$	3,670		$	2,278		62.1	%
Same-store average gross profit per new vehicle retailed	$	5,914		$	3,695		$	2,219		60.1	%
Gross margin % — new		11.6	%		8.2	%		3.4	%	41.5	%
Same-store gross margin % — new		11.6	%		8.2	%		3.4	%	41.5	%

Units

Retail unit sales of new vehicles decreased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to a 7,629 unit, or 14.7%, decrease in same-store new retail unit sales. Same-store units decreased 3.1% in the U.S. and 32.9% internationally. Overall, new

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units decreased 4.0% in the U.S. and 33.7% internationally. We believe the decrease in unit sales is due to a lower supply of new vehicles available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components. The decrease in units in the U.K. is primarily due to higher sales from pent-up demand during the third quarter of 2020 following the lifting of shelter-in-place orders and the production disruptions described above.

Revenues

New vehicle retail sales revenue decreased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to a $71.3 million, or 3.1%, decrease in same-store revenues. Excluding $40.9 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store new retail revenue decreased 4.8%. The same-store revenue decrease is due to the decrease in same-store unit sales, which decreased revenue by $342.6 million, partially offset by a $6,151 increase in per unit comparative average selling price (including a $928 per unit increase attributable to favorable foreign currency fluctuations), which increased revenue by $271.3 million. We believe the increase in comparative average selling price is due to increased customer demand and a lower supply of new vehicles available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

Gross Profit

Retail gross profit from new vehicle sales increased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to a $69.7 million, or 36.5%, increase in same-store gross profit. Excluding $4.0 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store gross profit increased 34.4%. The same-store gross profit increase is due to a $2,219 per unit increase in comparative average gross profit (including an $88 per unit increase attributable to favorable foreign currency fluctuations), which increased gross profit by $97.9 million, partially offset by the decrease in same-store new retail unit sales, which decreased gross profit by $28.2 million. We believe the increase in comparative average gross profit per unit is attributed to increased customer demand and a lower supply of new vehicles available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

Retail Automotive Dealership Used Vehicle Data

(In millions, except unit and per unit amounts)

							2021 vs. 2020
Used Vehicle Data	2021			2020			Change			% Change
Used retail unit sales		70,450			70,800			(350)		(0.5)	%
Same-store used retail unit sales		68,380			70,069			(1,689)		(2.4)	%
Used retail sales revenue	$	2,302.3		$	1,954.1		$	348.2		17.8	%
Same-store used retail sales revenue	$	2,249.3		$	1,934.1		$	315.2		16.3	%
Used retail sales revenue per unit	$	32,680		$	27,601		$	5,079		18.4	%
Same-store used retail sales revenue per unit	$	32,894		$	27,604		$	5,290		19.2	%
Gross profit — used	$	193.2		$	143.3		$	49.9		34.8	%
Same-store gross profit — used	$	188.8		$	141.8		$	47.0		33.1	%
Average gross profit per used vehicle retailed	$	2,743		$	2,024		$	719		35.5	%
Same-store average gross profit per used vehicle retailed	$	2,762		$	2,024		$	738		36.5	%
Gross margin % — used		8.4	%		7.3	%		1.1	%	15.1	%
Same-store gross margin % — used		8.4	%		7.3	%		1.1	%	15.1	%

Units

Retail unit sales of used vehicles decreased from 2020 to 2021 due to a 1,689 unit, or 2.4%, decrease in same-store used retail unit sales, partially offset by a 1,339 unit increase from net dealership acquisitions and store openings. Same-store units increased 12.2% in the U.S. and decreased 13.0% internationally. Same-store retail units for our U.S. and U.K. CarShop Used Vehicle locations increased 10.1% and decreased 13.1%, respectively. Overall, used units increased 13.5% in the U.S. and decreased 10.6% internationally. We believe the decrease in unit sales is due to a lower supply of used vehicles available for sale caused by limited vehicle availability resulting from production disruptions from a shortage of microchips or other components. The decrease in units in the U.K. is primarily due to higher sales from pent-

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up demand during the third quarter of 2020 following the lifting of shelter-in-place orders and the production disruptions described above.

Revenues

Used vehicle retail sales revenue increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $315.2 million, or 16.3%, increase in same-store revenues, coupled with a $33.0 million increase from net dealership acquisitions and store openings. Excluding $69.3 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store used retail revenue increased 12.7%. The same-store revenue increase is primarily due to a $5,290 increase in per unit comparative average selling price (including a $1,013 per unit increase attributable to favorable foreign currency fluctuations), which increased revenue by $361.8 million, partially offset by the decrease in same-store used retail unit sales, which decreased revenue by $46.6 million. The average sales price per unit for our CarShop Used Vehicle locations increased 25.6% to $19,820. We believe the increase in comparative average selling price is primarily due to consumers looking to acquire used vehicles to compensate for the lower supply of new vehicles available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

Gross Profit

Retail gross profit from used vehicle sales increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $47.0 million, or 33.1%, increase in same-store gross profit, coupled with a $2.9 million increase from net dealership acquisitions and store openings. Excluding $5.5 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store gross profit increased 29.3%. The same-store gross profit increase is due to a $738 per unit increase in comparative average gross profit (including an $82 per unit increase attributable to favorable foreign currency fluctuations), which increased gross profit by $50.4 million, partially offset by the decrease in same-store used retail unit sales, which decreased gross profit by $3.4 million. The average gross profit per unit for our CarShop Used Vehicle locations increased 25.3% to $1,319. We believe the increase in comparative average gross profit per unit is primarily due to consumers looking to acquire used vehicles to compensate for the lower supply of new vehicles available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

Retail Automotive Dealership Finance and Insurance Data

(In millions, except unit and per unit amounts)

					2021 vs. 2020
Finance and Insurance Data	2021		2020		Change		% Change
Total retail unit sales		114,823		123,322		(8,499)	(6.9)	%
Total same-store retail unit sales		112,487		121,805		(9,318)	(7.6)	%
Finance and insurance revenue	$	202.7	$	174.4	$	28.3	16.2	%
Same-store finance and insurance revenue	$	199.2	$	172.7	$	26.5	15.3	%
Finance and insurance revenue per unit	$	1,765	$	1,414	$	351	24.8	%
Same-store finance and insurance revenue per unit	$	1,771	$	1,418	$	353	24.9	%

Finance and insurance revenue increased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to a $26.5 million, or 15.3%, increase in same-store revenues. Excluding $4.4 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store finance and insurance revenue increased 12.8%. The same-store revenue increase is due to a $353 per unit increase in comparative average finance and insurance revenue (including a $39 per unit increase attributable to favorable foreign currency fluctuations), which increased revenue by $43.0 million, partially offset by the decrease in same-store retail unit sales, which decreased revenue by $16.5 million. Finance and insurance revenue per unit increased 25.5% in the U.S. and 17.7% in the U.K. We believe the increase in comparative average finance and insurance revenue per unit is primarily due to our efforts to increase finance and insurance penetration, which include implementing interactive digital customer sales platforms, additional training, and targeting underperforming locations, coupled with the 13.7% increase in same-store comparative average selling price for new vehicles.

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Retail Automotive Dealership Service and Parts Data

(In millions)

							2021 vs. 2020
Service and Parts Data	2021			2020			Change			% Change
Service and parts revenue	$	555.3		$	521.8		$	33.5		6.4	%
Same-store service and parts revenue	$	548.7		$	514.4		$	34.3		6.7	%
Gross profit — service and parts	$	333.7		$	322.0		$	11.7		3.6	%
Same-store service and parts gross profit	$	329.1		$	317.8		$	11.3		3.6	%
Gross margin % — service and parts		60.1	%		61.7	%		(1.6)	%	(2.6)	%
Same-store service and parts gross margin %		60.0	%		61.8	%		(1.8)	%	(2.9)	%

Revenues

Service and parts revenue increased from 2020 to 2021, with an increase of 9.0% in the U.S. and 1.6% internationally. The increase in service and parts revenue is primarily due to a $34.3 million, or 6.7%, increase in same-store revenues. Excluding $9.4 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store revenue increased 4.8%. The same-store revenue increase is due to a $50.4 million, or 14.3%, increase in customer pay revenue and a $3.3 million, or 10.9%, increase in vehicle preparation and body shop revenue, partially offset by a $19.4 million, or 14.6%, decrease in warranty revenue. We believe the same-store increase in service and parts revenue is related to the lifting of many COVID-19 restrictions resulting in increases in vehicle miles traveled when compared to the third quarter of 2020.

Gross Profit

Service and parts gross profit increased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to an $11.3 million, or 3.6%, increase in same-store gross profit. Excluding $5.9 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store gross profit increased 1.7%. The same-store gross profit increase is due to the increase in same-store revenues, which increased gross profit by $20.6 million, partially offset by a 1.8% decrease in same-store gross margin, which decreased gross profit by $9.3 million. The same-store gross profit increase is due to an $18.5 million, or 10.5%, increase in customer pay gross profit and a $3.6 million, or 5.4%, increase in vehicle preparation and body shop gross profit, partially offset by a $10.8 million, or 14.8%, decrease in warranty gross profit.

Retail Commercial Truck Dealership Data

(In millions, except unit and per unit amounts)

							2021 vs. 2020
New Commercial Truck Data	2021			2020			Change			% Change
New retail unit sales		3,892			3,196			696		21.8	%
Same-store new retail unit sales		3,078			3,196			(118)		(3.7)	%
New retail sales revenue	$	464.1		$	376.6		$	87.5		23.2	%
Same-store new retail sales revenue	$	382.3		$	376.6		$	5.7		1.5	%
New retail sales revenue per unit	$	119,243		$	117,825		$	1,418		1.2	%
Same-store new retail sales revenue per unit	$	124,193		$	117,825		$	6,368		5.4	%
Gross profit — new	$	22.2		$	12.3		$	9.9		80.5	%
Same-store gross profit — new	$	19.9		$	12.3		$	7.6		61.8	%
Average gross profit per new truck retailed	$	5,700		$	3,856		$	1,844		47.8	%
Same-store average gross profit per new truck retailed	$	6,456		$	3,856		$	2,600		67.4	%
Gross margin % — new		4.8	%		3.3	%		1.5	%	45.5	%
Same-store gross margin % — new		5.2	%		3.3	%		1.9	%	57.6	%

Units

Retail unit sales of new trucks increased from 2020 to 2021 due to an 814 unit increase from net dealership acquisitions, partially offset by a 118 unit, or 3.7%, decrease in same-store new retail unit sales. We believe the decrease in same-store unit sales is due to a lower supply of new trucks available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

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Revenues

New commercial truck retail sales revenue increased from 2020 to 2021 due to an $81.8 million increase from net dealership acquisitions, coupled with a $5.7 million, or 1.5%, increase in same-store revenues. The same-store revenue increase is due to a $6,368 increase in per unit comparative average selling price, which increased revenue by $19.6 million, partially offset by the decrease in same-store new retail unit sales, which decreased revenue by $13.9 million. We believe the increase in comparative average selling price is due to increased customer demand and a lower supply of new trucks available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

Gross Profit

New commercial truck retail gross profit increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $7.6 million, or 61.8%, increase in same-store gross profit, coupled with a $2.3 million increase from net dealership acquisitions. The same-store gross profit increase is due to a $2,600 per unit increase in comparative average gross profit, which increased gross profit by $8.1 million, partially offset by the decrease in same-store new retail unit sales, which decreased gross profit by $0.5 million. We believe the increase in comparative average gross profit per unit is attributed to increased customer demand and a lower supply of new trucks available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

							2021 vs. 2020
Used Commercial Truck Data	2021			2020			Change			% Change
Used retail unit sales		928			1,284			(356)		(27.7)	%
Same-store used retail unit sales		843			1,284			(441)		(34.3)	%
Used retail sales revenue	$	81.2		$	63.9		$	17.3		27.1	%
Same-store used retail sales revenue	$	74.9		$	63.9		$	11.0		17.2	%
Used retail sales revenue per unit	$	87,552		$	49,735		$	37,817		76.0	%
Same-store used retail sales revenue per unit	$	88,866		$	49,735		$	39,131		78.7	%
Gross profit — used	$	16.5		$	0.8		$	15.7		1,962.5	%
Same-store gross profit — used	$	15.3		$	0.8		$	14.5		1,812.5	%
Average gross profit per used truck retailed	$	17,762		$	626		$	17,136		2,737.4	%
Same-store average gross profit per used truck retailed	$	18,161		$	626		$	17,535		2,801.1	%
Gross margin % — used		20.3	%		1.3	%		19.0	%	1,461.5	%
Same-store gross margin % — used		20.4	%		1.3	%		19.1	%	1,469.2	%

Units

Retail unit sales of used trucks decreased from 2020 to 2021 due to a 441 unit, or 34.3%, decrease in same-store retail unit sales, partially offset by an 85 unit increase from net dealership acquisitions. We believe the decrease in unit sales is due to a lower supply of used trucks available for sale caused by limited vehicle availability resulting from production disruptions from a shortage of microchips or other components.

Revenues

Used commercial truck retail sales revenue increased from 2020 to 2021 due to an $11.0 million, or 17.2%, increase in same-store revenues, coupled with a $6.3 million increase from net dealership acquisitions. The same-store revenue increase is due to a $39,131 increase in per unit comparative average selling price, which increased revenue by $32.9 million, partially offset by the decrease in same-store used retail unit sales, which decreased revenue by $21.9 million. We believe the increase in comparative average selling price is primarily due to consumers looking to acquire used trucks to compensate for the lower supply of new trucks available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

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Gross Profit

Used commercial truck retail gross profit increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $14.5 million, or 1,812.5%, increase in same-store gross profit, coupled with a $1.2 million increase from net dealership acquisitions. The same-store gross profit increase is due to a $17,535 per unit increase in comparative average gross profit, which increased gross profit by $14.8 million, partially offset by the decrease in same-store used retail unit sales, which decreased gross profit by $0.3 million. We believe the increase in comparative average gross profit per unit is primarily due to consumers looking to acquire used trucks to compensate for the lower supply of new trucks available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

							2021 vs. 2020
Service and Parts Data	2021			2020			Change			% Change
Service and parts revenue	$	160.9		$	122.1		$	38.8		31.8	%
Same-store service and parts revenue	$	137.4		$	122.1		$	15.3		12.5	%
Gross profit — service and parts	$	67.8		$	52.9		$	14.9		28.2	%
Same-store service and parts gross profit	$	58.4		$	52.9		$	5.5		10.4	%
Gross margin % — service and parts		42.1	%		43.3	%		(1.2)	%	(2.8)	%
Same-store service and parts gross margin %		42.5	%		43.3	%		(0.8)	%	(1.8)	%

Revenues

Service and parts revenue increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $23.5 million increase from net dealership acquisitions, coupled with a $15.3 million, or 12.5%, increase in same-store revenues. Customer pay work represents approximately 79.7% of PTG’s service and parts revenue, largely due to the significant amount of retail sales of parts and accessories. The same-store revenue increase is due to a $13.7 million, or 14.4%, increase in customer pay revenue, a $0.9 million, or 18.0%, increase in body shop revenue, and a $0.7 million, or 3.2%, increase in warranty revenue. We believe the increase in service and parts revenue is primarily due to higher freight rates and the increased reliance on used trucks, which generates additional service and parts revenues.

Gross Profit

Service and parts gross profit increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $9.4 million increase from net dealership acquisitions, coupled with a $5.5 million, or 10.4%, increase in same-store gross profit. The same-store gross profit increase is due to the increase in same-store revenues, which increased gross profit by $6.5 million, partially offset by a 0.8% decrease in gross margin, which decreased gross profit by $1.0 million. The same-store gross profit increase is due to a $5.2 million, or 15.0%, increase in customer pay gross profit and a $0.5 million, or 4.0%, increase in warranty gross profit, partially offset by a $0.2 million, or 3.5%, decrease in body shop gross profit.

Commercial Vehicle Distribution Data

(In millions, except unit amounts)

					2021 vs. 2020
Penske Australia Data	2021		2020		Change		% Change
Vehicle unit sales		444		221		223	100.9	%
Sales revenue	$	145.1	$	122.7	$	22.4	18.3	%
Gross profit	$	39.5	$	33.7	$	5.8	17.2	%

Penske Australia primarily distributes and services commercial vehicles, engines, and power systems. Penske Australia generated $145.1 million of revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $122.7 million of revenue in the prior year, an increase of 18.3%. It also generated $39.5 million of gross profit during the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $33.7 million of gross profit in the prior year, an increase of 17.2%.

These improved results from 2020 to 2021 are primarily due to an increase in commercial demand for trucks in Australia and an increase in service and parts. Excluding $3.6 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations,

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revenues increased 15.3%. Excluding $1.1 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, gross profit increased 13.9%.

Selling, General, and Administrative Data

(In millions)

							2021 vs. 2020
Selling, General, and Administrative Data	2021			2020			Change			% Change
Personnel expense	$	472.5		$	380.8		$	91.7		24.1	%
Advertising expense	$	31.7		$	19.7		$	12.0		60.9	%
Rent & related expense	$	88.3		$	78.9		$	9.4		11.9	%
Other expense	$	165.2		$	163.9		$	1.3		0.8	%
Total SG&A expenses	$	757.7		$	643.3		$	114.4		17.8	%
Same-store SG&A expenses	$	740.0		$	635.7		$	104.3		16.4	%
Personnel expense as % of gross profit		40.5	%		39.8	%		0.7	%	1.8	%
Advertising expense as % of gross profit		2.7	%		2.1	%		0.6	%	28.6	%
Rent & related expense as % of gross profit		7.6	%		8.2	%		(0.6)	%	(7.3)	%
Other expense as % of gross profit		14.2	%		17.2	%		(3.0)	%	(17.4)	%
Total SG&A expenses as % of gross profit		65.0	%		67.3	%		(2.3)	%	(3.4)	%
Same-store SG&A expenses as % of same-store gross profit		65.1	%		67.1	%		(2.0)	%	(3.0)	%

Selling, general, and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $104.3 million, or 16.4%, increase in same-store SG&A, coupled with a $10.1 million increase from net dealership acquisitions. Excluding $14.8 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store SG&A increased 14.1%. SG&A as a percentage of gross profit was 65.0%, a decrease of 230 basis points compared to 67.3% in the prior year. SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenue was 11.7% and 10.8% in the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The decrease in SG&A as a percentage of gross profit is primarily due to increased gross profit across our various business lines.

Depreciation

(In millions)

					2021 vs. 2020
	2021		2020		Change		% Change
Depreciation	$	30.2	$	29.0	$	1.2	4.1	%

Depreciation increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $0.7 million, or 2.6% increase in same-store depreciation, coupled with a $0.5 million increase from net dealership acquisitions. We believe the overall increase is primarily related to our ongoing facility improvements and expansion programs.

Floor Plan Interest Expense

(In millions)

					2021 vs. 2020
	2021		2020		Change		% Change
Floor plan interest expense	$	6.0	$	8.0	$	(2.0)	(25.0)	%

Floor plan interest expense, including the impact of swap transactions, decreased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to a $2.0 million, or 25.0%, decrease in same-store floor plan interest expense. We believe the overall decrease is primarily due to decreases in amounts outstanding under floor plan arrangements as new vehicle inventory declined due to lower supply of new vehicles available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

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Other Interest Expense

(In millions)

					2021 vs. 2020
	2021		2020		Change		% Change
Other interest expense	$	16.2	$	29.1	$	(12.9)	(44.3)	%

Other interest expense decreased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to the decrease in outstanding revolver borrowings under the U.S. and U.K. credit agreements and redemption and refinancing of certain senior subordinated notes.

Equity in Earnings of Affiliates

(In millions)

					2021 vs. 2020
	2021		2020		Change		% Change
Equity in earnings of affiliates	$	120.5	$	66.2	$	54.3	82.0	%

Equity in earnings of affiliates increased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to a $53.8 million, or 83.4%, increase in earnings from our investment in PTS, coupled with the increase in earnings from our retail automotive joint ventures. We believe the increase in our PTS equity earnings is attributed to strong economic conditions in North America which is driving higher demand for PTS full-service leasing, rental demand and utilization of the rental fleet, and logistics services, coupled with higher gains on sale from remarketing activities on used trucks.

Income Taxes

(In millions)

					2021 vs. 2020
	2021		2020		Change		% Change
Income taxes	$	120.1	$	64.1	$	56.0	87.4	%

Income taxes increased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to a $164.5 million increase in our pre-tax income compared to the prior year. Our effective tax rate was 25.2% during the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 20.6% during the three months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to fluctuations in our geographic pre-tax income mix and a net income tax benefit of $15.4 million from various U.S. and foreign tax legislation changes during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021, Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

Retail Automotive Dealership New Vehicle Data

(In millions, except unit and per unit amounts)

							2021 vs. 2020
New Vehicle Data	2021			2020			Change			% Change
New retail unit sales		152,571			126,396			26,175		20.7	%
Same-store new retail unit sales		152,051			124,199			27,852		22.4	%
New retail sales revenue	$	7,507.9		$	5,599.8		$	1,908.1		34.1	%
Same-store new retail sales revenue	$	7,464.4		$	5,526.7		$	1,937.7		35.1	%
New retail sales revenue per unit	$	49,209		$	44,303		$	4,906		11.1	%
Same-store new retail sales revenue per unit	$	49,091		$	44,499		$	4,592		10.3	%
Gross profit — new	$	745.6		$	437.6		$	308.0		70.4	%
Same-store gross profit — new	$	740.2		$	433.5		$	306.7		70.7	%
Average gross profit per new vehicle retailed	$	4,887		$	3,462		$	1,425		41.2	%
Same-store average gross profit per new vehicle retailed	$	4,868		$	3,491		$	1,377		39.4	%
Gross margin % — new		9.9	%		7.8	%		2.1	%	26.9	%
Same-store gross margin % — new		9.9	%		7.8	%		2.1	%	26.9	%

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Units

Retail unit sales of new vehicles increased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to a 27,852 unit, or 22.4%, increase in same-store new retail unit sales. Same-store units increased 29.1% in the U.S. and 10.5% internationally. Overall, new units increased 27.0% in the U.S. and 9.2% internationally. We believe the increase in unit sales is due to a stronger economic outlook, lifting of lockdown restrictions due to COVID-19, favorable interest rates, and improved levels of consumer confidence when compared to the same period last year at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Revenues

New vehicle retail sales revenue increased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to a $1,937.7 million, or 35.1%, increase in same-store revenues. Excluding $214.8 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store new retail revenue increased 31.2%. The same-store revenue increase is due to the increase in same-store new retail unit sales, which increased revenue by $1,367.4 million, coupled with a $4,592 increase in per unit comparative average selling price (including a $1,413 per unit increase attributable to favorable foreign currency fluctuations), which increased revenue by $570.3 million. We believe the increase in comparative average selling price is due to increased customer demand and a lower supply of new vehicles available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

Gross Profit

Retail gross profit from new vehicle sales increased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to a $306.7 million, or 70.7%, increase in same-store gross profit. Excluding $19.1 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store gross profit increased 66.3%. The same-store gross profit increase is due to a $1,377 per unit increase in comparative average gross profit (including a $126 per unit increase attributable to favorable foreign currency fluctuations), which increased gross profit by $171.1 million, coupled with the increase in same-store new retail unit sales, which increased gross profit by $135.6 million. We believe the increase in comparative average gross profit per unit is attributed to increased customer demand and a lower supply of new vehicles available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

Retail Automotive Dealership Used Vehicle Data

(In millions, except unit and per unit amounts)

							2021 vs. 2020
Used Vehicle Data	2021			2020			Change			% Change
Used retail unit sales		205,601			176,456			29,145		16.5	%
Same-store used retail unit sales		201,465			174,073			27,392		15.7	%
Used retail sales revenue	$	6,437.9		$	4,739.8		$	1,698.1		35.8	%
Same-store used retail sales revenue	$	6,339.9		$	4,682.4		$	1,657.5		35.4	%
Used retail sales revenue per unit	$	31,312		$	26,861		$	4,451		16.6	%
Same-store used retail sales revenue per unit	$	31,469		$	26,899		$	4,570		17.0	%
Gross profit — used	$	496.7		$	284.9		$	211.8		74.3	%
Same-store gross profit — used	$	489.6		$	282.0		$	207.6		73.6	%
Average gross profit per used vehicle retailed	$	2,416		$	1,615		$	801		49.6	%
Same-store average gross profit per used vehicle retailed	$	2,430		$	1,620		$	810		50.0	%
Gross margin % — used		7.7	%		6.0	%		1.7	%	28.3	%
Same-store gross margin % — used		7.7	%		6.0	%		1.7	%	28.3	%

Units

Retail unit sales of used vehicles increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a 27,392 unit, or 15.7%, increase in same-store used retail unit sales, coupled with a 1,753 unit increase from net dealership acquisitions and store openings. Same-store units increased 21.9% in the U.S. and 10.2% internationally. Same-store retail units for our U.S. and U.K. CarShop Used Vehicle locations increased 38.7% and 1.4%, respectively. Overall, used units increased 21.5% in the U.S. and 12.1% internationally. We believe the increase in unit sales is due to a stronger economic outlook, lifting of lockdown

40

restrictions due to COVID-19, favorable interest rates, and improved levels of consumer confidence when compared to the same period last year at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with consumers looking to acquire used vehicles to compensate for the lower supply of new vehicles available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

Revenues

Used vehicle retail sales revenue increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $1,657.5 million, or 35.4%, increase in same-store revenues, coupled with a $40.6 million increase from net dealership acquisitions and store openings. Excluding $279.6 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store used retail revenue increased 29.4%. The same-store revenue increase is primarily due to the increase in same-store used retail unit sales, which increased revenue by $862.0 million, coupled with a $4,570 increase in per unit comparative average selling price (including a $1,388 per unit increase attributable to favorable foreign currency fluctuations), which increased revenue by $795.5 million. The average sales price per unit for our CarShop Used Vehicle locations increased 20.2% to $18,816. We believe the increase in comparative average selling price is primarily due to consumers looking to acquire used vehicles to compensate for the lower supply of new vehicles available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

Gross Profit

Retail gross profit from used vehicle sales increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $207.6 million, or 73.6%, increase in same-store gross profit, coupled with a $4.2 million increase from net dealership acquisitions and store openings. Excluding $20.2 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store gross profit increased 66.5%. The same-store gross profit increase is due to an $810 per unit increase in comparative average gross profit (including a $100 per unit increase attributable to favorable foreign currency fluctuations), which increased gross profit by $141.0 million, coupled with the increase in same-store used retail unit sales, which increased gross profit by $66.6 million. The average gross profit per unit for our CarShop Used Vehicle locations increased 34.7% to $1,229. We believe the increase in comparative average gross profit per unit is primarily due to consumers looking to acquire used vehicles to compensate for the lower supply of new vehicles available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

Retail Automotive Dealership Finance and Insurance Data

(In millions, except unit and per unit amounts)

					2021 vs. 2020
Finance and Insurance Data	2021		2020		Change		% Change
Total retail unit sales		358,172		302,852		55,320	18.3	%
Total same-store retail unit sales		353,516		298,272		55,244	18.5	%
Finance and insurance revenue	$	583.8	$	415.8	$	168.0	40.4	%
Same-store finance and insurance revenue	$	576.9	$	410.8	$	166.1	40.4	%
Finance and insurance revenue per unit	$	1,630	$	1,373	$	257	18.7	%
Same-store finance and insurance revenue per unit	$	1,632	$	1,377	$	255	18.5	%

Finance and insurance revenue increased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to a $166.1 million, or 40.4%, increase in same-store revenues. Excluding $18.3 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store finance and insurance revenue increased 36.0%. The same-store revenue increase is due to the increase in same-store retail unit sales, which increased revenue by $90.1 million, coupled with a $255 per unit increase in comparative average finance and insurance revenue per unit (including a $52 per unit increase attributable to favorable foreign currency fluctuations), which increased revenue by $76.0 million. Finance and insurance revenue per unit increased 19.9% in the U.S. and 13.0% in the U.K. We believe the increase in finance and insurance revenue per unit is primarily due to our efforts to increase finance and insurance penetration, which include implementing interactive digital customer sales platforms, additional training, and targeting underperforming locations, coupled with the 10.3% increase in same-store comparative average selling price for new vehicles.

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Retail Automotive Dealership Service and Parts Data

(In millions)

							2021 vs. 2020
Service and Parts Data	2021			2020			Change			% Change
Service and parts revenue	$	1,604.7		$	1,380.3		$	224.4		16.3	%
Same-store service and parts revenue	$	1,594.3		$	1,358.7		$	235.6		17.3	%
Gross profit — service and parts	$	976.1		$	827.0		$	149.1		18.0	%
Same-store service and parts gross profit	$	968.5		$	815.0		$	153.5		18.8	%
Gross margin % — service and parts		60.8	%		59.9	%		0.9	%	1.5	%
Same-store service and parts gross margin %		60.7	%		60.0	%		0.7	%	1.2	%

Revenues

Service and parts revenue increased from 2020 to 2021, with an increase of 13.8% in the U.S. and 21.4% internationally. The increase in service and parts revenue is primarily due to a $235.6 million, or 17.3%, increase in same-store revenues. Excluding $42.4 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store revenue increased 14.2%. The same-store revenue increase is due to a $216.0 million, or 23.3%, increase in customer pay revenue, an $11.6 million, or 3.4%, increase in warranty revenue, and an $8.0 million, or 9.1%, increase in vehicle preparation and body shop revenue. We believe the increase in service and parts revenue is related to a stronger economic outlook, improved levels of consumer confidence, and the lifting of many COVID-19 restrictions resulting in increases in vehicle miles traveled when compared to the same period last year at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gross Profit

Service and parts gross profit increased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to a $153.5 million, or 18.8%, increase in same-store gross profit. Excluding $25.7 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store gross profit increased 15.7%. The same-store gross profit increase is due to the increase in same-store revenues, which increased gross profit by $143.2 million, coupled with a 0.7% increase in same-store gross margin, which increased gross profit by $10.3 million. The same-store gross profit increase is due to a $110.4 million, or 24.6%, increase in customer pay gross profit, a $35.7 million, or 20.0%, increase in vehicle preparation and body shop gross profit, and a $7.4 million, or 4.0%, increase in warranty gross profit.

Retail Commercial Truck Dealership Data

(In millions, except unit and per unit amounts)

							2021 vs. 2020
New Commercial Truck Data	2021			2020			Change			% Change
New retail unit sales		9,371			8,070			1,301		16.1	%
Same-store new retail unit sales		8,013			8,070			(57)		(0.7)	%
New retail sales revenue	$	1,110.8		$	930.4		$	180.4		19.4	%
Same-store new retail sales revenue	$	969.7		$	930.4		$	39.3		4.2	%
New retail sales revenue per unit	$	118,532		$	115,286		$	3,246		2.8	%
Same-store new retail sales revenue per unit	$	121,018		$	115,286		$	5,732		5.0	%
Gross profit — new	$	56.0		$	34.4		$	21.6		62.8	%
Same-store gross profit — new	$	52.0		$	34.4		$	17.6		51.2	%
Average gross profit per new truck retailed	$	5,978		$	4,265		$	1,713		40.2	%
Same-store average gross profit per new truck retailed	$	6,493		$	4,265		$	2,228		52.2	%
Gross margin % — new		5.0	%		3.7	%		1.3	%	35.1	%
Same-store gross margin % — new		5.4	%		3.7	%		1.7	%	45.9	%

Units

Retail unit sales of new trucks increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a 1,358 unit increase from net dealership acquisitions, partially offset by a 57 unit, or 0.7%, decrease in same-store new retail unit sales. We believe the decrease

42

in same-store unit sales is due to a lower supply of new trucks available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

Revenues

New commercial truck retail sales revenue increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $141.1 million increase from net dealership acquisitions, coupled with a $39.3 million, or 4.2%, increase in same-store revenues. The same-store revenue increase is due to a $5,732 increase in per unit comparative average selling price, which increased revenue by $45.9 million, partially offset by the decrease in same-store new retail unit sales, which decreased revenue by $6.6 million. We believe the increase in comparative average selling price is due to increased customer demand and a lower supply of new trucks available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

Gross Profit

New commercial truck retail gross profit increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $17.6 million, or 51.2%, increase in same-store gross profit, coupled with a $4.0 million increase from net dealership acquisitions. The same-store gross profit increase is due to a $2,228 per unit increase in comparative average gross profit, which increased gross profit by $17.8 million, partially offset by the decrease in same-store new retail unit sales, which decreased gross profit by $0.2 million. We believe the increase in comparative average gross profit per unit is attributed to increased customer demand and a lower supply of new trucks available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

							2021 vs. 2020
Used Commercial Truck Data	2021			2020			Change			% Change
Used retail unit sales		2,601			2,755			(154)		(5.6)	%
Same-store used retail unit sales		2,487			2,755			(268)		(9.7)	%
Used retail sales revenue	$	191.2		$	135.4		$	55.8		41.2	%
Same-store used retail sales revenue	$	182.7		$	135.4		$	47.3		34.9	%
Used retail sales revenue per unit	$	73,515		$	49,141		$	24,374		49.6	%
Same-store used retail sales revenue per unit	$	73,444		$	49,141		$	24,303		49.5	%
Gross profit — used	$	32.4		$	(4.5)		$	36.9		820.0	%
Same-store gross profit — used	$	30.8		$	(4.5)		$	35.3		784.4	%
Average gross profit per used truck retailed	$	12,459		$	(1,645)		$	14,104		857.4	%
Same-store average gross profit per used truck retailed	$	12,392			(1,645)		$	14,037		853.3	%
Gross margin % — used		16.9	%		(3.3)	%		20.2	%	612.1	%
Same-store gross margin % — used		16.9	%		(3.3)	%		20.2	%	612.1	%

Units

Retail unit sales of used trucks decreased from 2020 to 2021 due to a 268 unit, or 9.7%, decrease in same-store retail unit sales, partially offset by a 114 unit increase from net dealership acquisitions. We believe the decrease in unit sales is due to a lower supply of used trucks available for sale caused by limited vehicle availability resulting from production disruptions from a shortage of microchips or other components.

Revenues

Used commercial truck retail sales revenue increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $47.3 million, or 34.9%, increase in same-store revenues, coupled with an $8.5 million increase from net dealership acquisitions. The same-store revenue increase is due to a $24,303 increase in per unit comparative average selling price, which increased revenue by $60.5 million, partially offset by the decrease in same-store used retail unit sales, which decreased revenue by $13.2 million. We believe the increase in comparative average selling price is primarily due to consumers looking to acquire used trucks to compensate for the lower supply of new trucks available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

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Gross Profit

Used commercial truck retail gross profit increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $35.3 million, or 784.4%, increase in same-store gross profit, coupled with a $1.6 million increase from net dealership acquisitions. The same-store gross profit increase is due to a $14,037 per unit increase in comparative average gross profit, which increased gross profit by $38.6 million, partially offset by the decrease in same-store used retail unit sales, which decreased gross profit by $3.3 million. We believe the increase in comparative average gross profit per unit is primarily due to consumers looking to acquire used trucks to compensate for the lower supply of new trucks available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

							2021 vs. 2020
Service and Parts Data	2021			2020			Change			% Change
Service and parts revenue	$	442.8		$	358.1		$	84.7		23.7	%
Same-store service and parts revenue	$	398.3		$	358.1		$	40.2		11.2	%
Gross profit — service and parts	$	186.8		$	155.4		$	31.4		20.2	%
Same-store service and parts gross profit	$	169.1		$	155.4		$	13.7		8.8	%
Gross margin % — service and parts		42.2	%		43.4	%		(1.2)	%	(2.8)	%
Same-store service and parts gross margin %		42.5	%		43.4	%		(0.9)	%	(2.1)	%

Revenues

Service and parts revenue increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $44.5 million increase from net dealership acquisitions, coupled with a $40.2 million, or 11.2%, increase in same-store revenues. Customer pay work represents approximately 79.6% of PTG’s service and parts revenue, largely due to the significant amount of retail sales of parts and accessories. The same-store revenue increase is due to a $39.4 million, or 14.3%, increase in customer pay revenue and a $1.7 million, or 2.7%, increase in warranty revenue, partially offset by a $0.9 million, or 5.1%, decrease in body shop revenue. We believe the increase in service and parts revenue is primarily due to higher freight rates and the increased reliance on used trucks, which generates additional service and parts revenues.

Gross Profit

Service and parts gross profit increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $17.7 million increase from net dealership acquisitions, coupled with a $13.7 million, or 8.8%, increase in same-store gross profit. The same-store gross profit increase is due to the increase in same-store revenues, which increased gross profit by $17.1 million, partially offset by a 0.9% decrease in gross margin, which decreased gross profit by $3.4 million. The same-store gross profit increase is due to a $14.7 million, or 14.5%, increase in customer pay gross profit and a $1.0 million, or 2.7%, increase in warranty gross profit, partially offset by a $2.0 million, or 11.5%, decrease in body shop gross profit.

Commercial Vehicle Distribution Data

(In millions, except unit amounts)

					2021 vs. 2020
Penske Australia Data	2021		2020		Change		% Change
Vehicle unit sales		1,139		693		446	64.4	%
Sales revenue	$	441.9	$	322.2	$	119.7	37.2	%
Gross profit	$	112.4	$	89.9	$	22.5	25.0	%

Penske Australia primarily distributes and services commercial vehicles, engines, and power systems. Penske Australia generated $441.9 million of revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $322.2 million of revenue in the prior year, an increase of 37.2%. It also generated $112.4 million of gross profit during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $89.9 million of gross profit in the prior year, an increase of 25.0%.

These improved results from 2020 to 2021 are primarily due to an increase in commercial demand for trucks in Australia and an increase in service and parts. Excluding $47.5 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations,

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revenues increased 22.4%. Excluding $11.7 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, gross profit increased 12.0%.

Selling, General, and Administrative Data

(In millions)

							2021 vs. 2020
Selling, General, and Administrative Data	2021			2020			Change			% Change
Personnel expense	$	1,349.5		$	1,008.4		$	341.1		33.8	%
Advertising expense	$	89.8		$	58.3		$	31.5		54.0	%
Rent & related expense	$	250.9		$	236.4		$	14.5		6.1	%
Other expense	$	481.6		$	435.6		$	46.0		10.6	%
Total SG&A expenses	$	2,171.8		$	1,738.7		$	433.1		24.9	%
Same store SG&A expenses	$	2,136.9		$	1,715.0		$	421.9		24.6	%
Personnel expense as % of gross profit		41.4	%		44.1	%		(2.7)	%	(6.1)	%
Advertising expense as % of gross profit		2.8	%		2.6	%		0.2	%	7.7	%
Rent & related expense as % of gross profit		7.7	%		10.3	%		(2.6)	%	(25.2)	%
Other expense as % of gross profit		14.7	%		19.1	%		(4.4)	%	(23.0)	%
Total SG&A expenses as % of gross profit		66.6	%		76.1	%		(9.5)	%	(12.5)	%
Same store SG&A expenses as % of same store gross profit		66.6	%		75.8	%		(9.2)	%	(12.1)	%

Selling, general, and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $421.9 million, or 24.6%, increase in same-store SG&A, coupled with an $11.2 million increase from net dealership acquisitions. Excluding $68.7 million of favorable foreign currency fluctuations, same-store SG&A increased 20.6%. SG&A as a percentage of gross profit was 66.6%, a decrease of 950 basis points compared to 76.1% in the prior year. SG&A expenses as a percentage of total revenue was 11.3% and 11.9% in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. The decrease in SG&A as a percentage of gross profit is primarily due to increased gross profit across our various business lines.

Depreciation

(In millions)

					2021 vs. 2020
	2021		2020		Change		% Change
Depreciation	$	89.7	$	85.4	$	4.3	5.0	%

Depreciation increased from 2020 to 2021 due to a $3.5 million, or 4.1%, increase in same-store depreciation, coupled with a $0.8 million increase from net dealership acquisitions. We believe the overall increase is primarily related to our ongoing facility improvements and expansion programs.

Floor Plan Interest Expense

(In millions)

					2021 vs. 2020
	2021		2020		Change		% Change
Floor plan interest expense	$	23.4	$	37.4	$	(14.0)	(37.4)	%

Floor plan interest expense, including the impact of swap transactions, decreased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to a $13.8 million, or 37.3%, decrease in same-store floor plan interest expense. We believe the overall decrease is primarily due to decreases in applicable rates and decreases in amounts outstanding under floor plan arrangements as new vehicle inventory declined due to lower supply of new vehicles available for sale caused by production disruptions resulting from a shortage of microchips or other components.

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Other Interest Expense

(In millions)

					2021 vs. 2020
	2021		2020		Change		% Change
Other interest expense	$	53.8	$	89.2	$	(35.4)	(39.7)	%

Other interest expense decreased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to the decrease in outstanding revolver borrowings under the U.S. and U.K. credit agreements, decreases in applicable rates, and redemption and refinancing of certain senior subordinated notes.  

Equity in Earnings of Affiliates

(In millions)

					2021 vs. 2020
	2021		2020		Change		% Change
Equity in earnings of affiliates	$	281.5	$	110.6	$	170.9	154.5	%

Equity in earnings of affiliates increased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to a $166.5 million, or 154.2%, increase in earnings from our investment in PTS, coupled with the increase in earnings from our retail automotive joint ventures. We believe the increase in our PTS equity earnings is attributed to strong economic conditions in North America which is driving higher demand for PTS full-service leasing, rental demand and utilization of the rental fleet, and logistics services, coupled with higher gains on sale from remarketing activities on used trucks.

Income Taxes

(In millions)

					2021 vs. 2020
	2021		2020		Change		% Change
Income taxes	$	308.0	$	100.7	$	207.3	205.9	%

Income taxes increased from 2020 to 2021 primarily due to a $743.1 million increase in our pre-tax income compared to the prior year. Our effective tax rate was 25.9% during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 22.7% during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to fluctuations in our geographic pre-tax income mix, partially offset by the increase in net income tax expense of $8.8 million related to U.K. tax legislation changes, and a net income tax benefit of $15.4 million from various U.S. and foreign tax legislation changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash requirements are primarily for working capital, inventory financing, the acquisition of new businesses, the improvement and expansion of existing facilities, the purchase or construction of new facilities, building additional CarShop Used Vehicle locations (including one additional site currently planned to open during the fourth quarter of 2021), debt service and repayments, dividends, and potential repurchases of our outstanding securities under the program discussed below. Historically, these cash requirements have been met through cash flow from operations, borrowings under our credit agreements and floor plan arrangements, the issuance of debt securities, sale-leaseback transactions, mortgages, and dividends and distributions from joint venture investments.

We have historically expanded our operations through organic growth and the acquisition of dealerships and other businesses. We believe that cash flow from operations, dividends and distributions from our joint venture investments, and our existing capital resources, including the liquidity provided by our credit agreements and floor plan financing arrangements, will be sufficient to fund our existing operations and current commitments for at least the next twelve months. In the event that economic conditions remain impacted for longer than we expect due to the COVID-19 pandemic or vehicle component shortages, we pursue significant acquisitions or other expansion opportunities, pursue significant repurchases of our outstanding securities, or refinance or repay existing debt, we may need to raise additional

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capital either through the public or private issuance of equity or debt securities or through additional borrowings, which sources of funds may not necessarily be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. In addition, our liquidity could be negatively impacted in the event we fail to comply with the covenants under our various financing and operating agreements or in the event our floor plan financing is withdrawn. Future events, including acquisitions, divestitures, new or revised operating lease agreements, borrowings or repayments under our credit agreements and our floor plan arrangements, raising capital, and purchases or refinancing of our securities, may also impact our liquidity.

We expect that scheduled payments of our debt instruments will be funded through cash flows from operations or borrowings under our credit agreements. In the case of payments upon the maturity or termination dates of our debt instruments, we currently expect to be able to refinance such instruments in the normal course of business or otherwise fund them from cash flows from operations or borrowings under our credit agreements. Refer to the disclosures provided in Part I, Item 1, Note 9 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements set forth below for a detailed description of our long-term debt obligations and scheduled interest payments.

Floor plan notes payable are revolving financing arrangements. Payments are generally made as required pursuant to the floor plan borrowing agreements. Refer to the disclosures provided in Part I, Item 1, Note 7 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed description of financing for the vehicles we purchase, including discussion of our floor plan and other revolving arrangements.

Refer to the disclosures provided in Part I, Item 1, Note 11 of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our off-balance sheet arrangements which includes a repurchase commitment related to our floor plan credit agreement with Mercedes Benz Financial Services Australia.

As of September 30, 2021, we had $119.2 million of cash available to fund our operations and capital commitments. In addition, we had $800.0 million, £162.0 million ($218.3 million), and AU $50.0 million ($36.1 million) available for borrowing under our U.S. credit agreement, U.K. credit agreement, and Australian working capital loan agreement, respectively.

Securities Repurchases

From time to time, our Board of Directors has authorized securities repurchase programs pursuant to which we may, as market conditions warrant, purchase our outstanding common stock or debt on the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, via a tender offer, through a pre-arranged trading plan, pursuant to the terms of an accelerated share repurchase program, or by other means. We have historically funded any such repurchases using cash flow from operations, borrowings under our U.S. credit agreement, and borrowings under our U.S. floor plan arrangements. The decision to make repurchases will be based on factors such as the market price of the relevant security versus our view of its intrinsic value, the potential impact of such repurchases on our capital structure, and our consideration of any alternative uses of our capital, such as for acquisitions and strategic investments in our current businesses, in addition to any then-existing limits imposed by our finance agreements and securities trading policy. In July 2021, our Board of Directors increased the authority delegated to management to repurchase our outstanding securities to $250.0 million, of which $71.3 million remains outstanding as of September 30, 2021. Refer to the disclosures provided in Part I, Item 1, Note 12 of the Notes to our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for a summary of shares repurchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

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Dividends

We paid the following cash dividends on our common stock in 2020 and 2021:

Per Share Dividends

2020
First Quarter	$	0.42
Second Quarter		—
Third Quarter		—
Fourth Quarter		0.42

2021
First Quarter	$	0.43
Second Quarter	$	0.44
Third Quarter	$	0.45

We also announced a cash dividend of $0.46 per share payable on December 1, 2021, to shareholders of record on November 10, 2021. Future quarterly or other cash dividends will depend upon a variety of factors considered relevant by our Board of Directors, which may include our expectations regarding the severity and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, earnings, cash flow, capital requirements, restrictions relating to any then-existing indebtedness, financial condition, and other factors.

Vehicle Financing

Refer to the disclosures provided in Part I, Item 1, Note 7 of the Notes to our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for a detailed description of financing for the vehicles we purchase, including discussion of our floor plan and other revolving arrangements.

Long-Term Debt Obligations

As of September 30, 2021, we had the following long-term debt obligations outstanding:

	September 30,
(In millions)	2021
U.S. credit agreement — revolving credit line	$	—
U.K. credit agreement — revolving credit line		—
U.K. credit agreement — overdraft line of credit		—
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025		544.3
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029		494.1
Australia capital loan agreement		27.4
Australia working capital loan agreement		—
Mortgage facilities		319.8
Other		39.0
Total long-term debt	$	1,424.6

As of September 30, 2021, we were in compliance with all covenants under our credit agreements, and we believe we will remain in compliance with such covenants for the next twelve months. Refer to the disclosures provided in Part I, Item 1, Note 9 of the Notes to our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for a detailed description of our long-term debt obligations.

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Short-Term Borrowings

We have four principal sources of short-term borrowings: the revolving portion of the U.S. credit agreement, the revolving portion of the U.K. credit agreement, our Australian working capital loan agreement, and the floor plan agreements that we utilize to finance our vehicle inventories. We are also able to access availability under the floor plan agreements to fund our cash needs, including payments made relating to our higher interest rate revolving credit agreements.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, outstanding revolving commitments varied between $0.0 million and $250.0 million under the U.S. credit agreement, between £0.0 million and £40.0 million ($0.0 million and $53.9 million) under the U.K. credit agreement’s revolving credit line (excluding the overdraft facility), and between AU $0.0 million and AU $26.0 million ($0.0 million and $18.8 million) under the Australia working capital loan agreement. The amounts outstanding under our floor plan agreements varied based on the timing of the receipt and expenditure of cash in our operations, driven principally by the levels of our vehicle inventories.

Interest Rate Swaps

The Company periodically uses interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk associated with the Company’s variable rate floor plan debt. In April 2020, we entered into a new five-year interest rate swap agreement pursuant to which the LIBOR portion of $300.0 million of our U.S. floating rate floor plan debt is fixed at 0.5875%. This arrangement is in effect through April 2025. We may terminate this arrangement at any time, subject to the settlement at that time of the fair value of the swap arrangement. As of September 30, 2021, the fair value of the swap designated as hedging instruments was estimated to be a net asset of $0.8 million.

PTS Dividends

We hold a 28.9% ownership interest in PTS as noted above. Their partnership agreement requires PTS, subject to applicable law and the terms of its credit agreements, to make quarterly distributions to the partners with respect to each fiscal year by no later than 45 days after the end of each of the first three quarters of the year and by April 15 of the following year. PTS’ partnership agreement and certain principal debt agreements allow partner distributions only as long as it is not in default under those agreements and the amount it pays does not exceed 50% of its consolidated net income, unless its debt-to-equity ratio is at least 3:1, in which case its distributions may not exceed 80% of its consolidated net income. We receive pro rata cash distributions relating to this investment, typically in April, May, August, and November of each year. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, we received $106.4 million and $40.0 million, respectively, of pro rata cash distributions relating to this investment. We currently expect to continue to receive future distributions from PTS quarterly, subject to its financial performance.

Sale/Leaseback Arrangements

We have in the past and may in the future enter into sale-leaseback transactions to finance certain property acquisitions and capital expenditures, pursuant to which we sell property and/or leasehold improvements to third parties and agree to lease those assets back for a certain period of time. Such sales generate proceeds that vary from period to period.

Operating Leases

We estimate the total rent obligations under our operating leases, including any extension periods that we are reasonably certain to exercise at our discretion and assuming constant consumer price indices, to be $5.4 billion. As of September 30, 2021, we were in compliance with all financial covenants under these leases consisting principally of leases for dealership and other properties, and we believe we will remain in compliance with such covenants for the next twelve months. Refer to the disclosures provided in Part I, Item 1, Note 3 and Note 11 of the Notes to our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for a description of our operating leases.

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Supplemental Guarantor Financial Information

The following is a description of the terms and conditions of the guarantees with respect to senior subordinated notes of Penske Automotive Group, Inc. (“PAG”) as the issuer of the 3.50% Notes and the 3.75% Notes (collectively the “Senior Subordinated Notes”).

Each of the Senior Subordinated Notes are unsecured, senior subordinated obligations and are guaranteed on an unsecured senior subordinated basis by our 100% owned U.S. subsidiaries. Each of the Senior Subordinated Notes also contain customary negative covenants and events of default. If we experience certain “change of control” events specified in their respective indentures, holders of these Senior Subordinated Notes will have the option to require us to purchase for cash all or a portion of their Senior Subordinated Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Subordinated Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, if we make certain asset sales and do not reinvest the proceeds thereof or use such proceeds to repay certain debt, we will be required to use the proceeds of such asset sales to make an offer to purchase the Senior Subordinated Notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Subordinated Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Guarantor subsidiaries are directly or indirectly 100% owned by PAG, and the guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several. The guarantees may be released under certain circumstances upon resale or transfer by us of the stock of the related guarantor or all or substantially all of the assets of the guarantor to a non-affiliate. Non-wholly owned and foreign subsidiaries of PAG do not guarantee the Senior Subordinated Notes (“Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”). The following tables present summarized financial information for PAG and the Guarantor Subsidiaries on a combined basis. The financial information of PAG and Guarantor Subsidiaries is presented on a combined basis; intercompany balances and transactions between PAG and Guarantor Subsidiaries have been eliminated; PAG’s or Guarantor Subsidiaries’ amounts due from, amounts due to, and transactions with non-issuer and Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries and related parties are disclosed separately.

Condensed income statement information:

	PAG and Guarantor Subsidiaries
	Nine Months Ended		Twelve Months Ended
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Revenues	$	10,968.3	$	11,576.7
Gross profit		1,994.7		1,908.9
Equity in earnings of affiliates		274.9		164.5
Income from continuing operations		646.6		400.1
Net income		647.0		400.4
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group		647.0		400.4

Condensed balance sheet information:

	PAG and Guarantor Subsidiaries
	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Current assets (1)	$	1,999.8	$	2,627.3
Property and equipment, net		1,210.8		1,128.8
Equity method investments		1,590.8		1,424.7
Other noncurrent assets		3,387.3		3,173.6
Current liabilities		1,631.6		2,156.3
Noncurrent liabilities		3,759.1		3,848.5

(1) Includes $524.3 million and $509.9 million as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively, due from Non-Guarantors.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, PAG received $92.5 million from non-guarantor subsidiaries. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, PAG received $77.1 million from non-guarantor subsidiaries.

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Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the changes in our cash provided by (used in) operating, investing, and financing activities. The major components of these changes are discussed below.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2021		2020
Net cash provided by continuing operating activities	$	1,330.4	$	849.5
Net cash used in continuing investing activities		(376.1)		(88.6)
Net cash used in continuing financing activities		(881.5)		(704.3)
Net cash provided by discontinued operations		0.4		0.2
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(3.5)		7.8
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	$	69.7	$	64.6

Cash Flows from Continuing Operating Activities

Cash flows from continuing operating activities includes net income, as adjusted for non-cash items and the effects of changes in working capital.

We finance substantially all of the commercial vehicles we purchase for distribution, new vehicles for retail sale, and a portion of our used vehicle inventories for retail sale under floor plan and other revolving arrangements with various lenders, including the captive finance companies associated with automotive manufacturers. We retain the right to select which, if any, financing source to utilize in connection with the procurement of vehicle inventories. Many vehicle manufacturers provide vehicle financing for the dealers representing their brands; however, it is not a requirement that we utilize this financing. Historically, our floor plan finance source has been based on aggregate pricing considerations.

In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles relating to the statement of cash flows, we report all cash flows arising in connection with floor plan notes payable with the manufacturer of a particular new vehicle as an operating activity in our statement of cash flows, and we report all cash flows arising in connection with floor plan notes payable to a party other than the manufacturer of a particular new vehicle, all floor plan notes payable relating to pre-owned vehicles, and all floor plan notes payable related to our commercial vehicles in Australia and New Zealand as a financing activity in our statement of cash flows. Currently, the majority of our non-trade vehicle financing is with other manufacturer captive lenders. To date, we have not experienced any material limitation with respect to the amount or availability of financing from any institution providing us vehicle financing.

We believe that changes in aggregate floor plan liabilities are typically linked to changes in vehicle inventory and therefore, are an integral part of understanding changes in our working capital and operating cash flow. As a result, we prepare the following reconciliation to highlight our operating cash flows with all changes in vehicle floor plan being classified as an operating activity for informational purposes:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions)	2021		2020
Net cash from continuing operating activities as reported	$	1,330.4	$	849.5
Floor plan notes payable — non-trade as reported		(288.9)		(547.6)
Net cash from continuing operating activities including all floor plan notes payable	$	1,041.5	$	301.9

Cash Flows from Continuing Investing Activities

Cash flows from continuing investing activities consist primarily of cash used for capital expenditures, proceeds from the sale of dealerships, proceeds from sale of equipment and improvements, and net expenditures for acquisitions and other investments. Capital expenditures were $157.5 million and $114.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Capital expenditures relate primarily to improvements to our existing dealership facilities, the construction of new facilities, the acquisition of the property or buildings associated with existing leased facilities, and the acquisition of land for future development. We currently expect to finance our retail automotive segment and retail commercial truck segment capital expenditures with operating cash flows or borrowings

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under our U.S. or U.K. credit agreements. Proceeds from the sale of dealerships were $4.3 million and $10.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Proceeds from the sale of equipment and improvements were $54.9 million and $19.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Cash used in acquisitions and other investments, net of cash acquired, was $278.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and included cash used to repay sellers’ floor plan liabilities in such business acquisitions of $24.3 million.

Cash Flows from Continuing Financing Activities

Cash flows from continuing financing activities include issuance and net borrowings or repayments of long-term debt, net repayments of floor plan notes payable non-trade, repurchases of common stock, dividends, payments for contingent consideration, and payments for debt issuance costs.

We issued $500.0 million of senior subordinated notes due 2029 in June 2021 and repaid $500.0 million of senior subordinated notes due 2026. We had net repayments of other long-term debt of $260.5 million and $298.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. We had net repayments of floor plan notes payable non-trade of $288.9 million and $547.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. We repurchased common stock for a total of $206.9 million and $29.4 million during nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. We also paid cash dividends to our stockholders of $106.3 million and $34.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. We made no payments to settle contingent consideration to sellers related to previous acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $31.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. We made payments of $6.1 million and $7.8 million for debt issuance costs during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Cash Flows from Discontinued Operations

Cash flows relating to discontinued operations are not currently considered, nor are they expected to be, material to our liquidity or our capital resources. Management does not believe that there are any material past, present, or upcoming cash transactions relating to discontinued operations.

Related Party Transactions

Stockholders Agreement

Several of our directors and officers are affiliated with Penske Corporation or related entities. Roger S. Penske, our Chair of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, is also Chair of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Penske Corporation and through entities affiliated with Penske Corporation is our largest stockholder owning approximately 45% of our outstanding common stock. Mitsui & Co., Ltd. and Mitsui & Co. (USA), Inc. (collectively, “Mitsui”) own approximately 17% of our outstanding common stock. Mitsui, Penske Corporation, and certain other affiliates of Penske Corporation are parties to a stockholders agreement pursuant to which the Penske affiliated companies agreed to vote their shares for up to two directors who are representatives of Mitsui. In turn, Mitsui agreed to vote their shares for up to fourteen directors voted for by the Penske affiliated companies. This agreement terminates in March 2030, upon the mutual consent of the parties, or when either party no longer owns any of our common stock.

Other Related Party Interests and Transactions

Robert Kurnick, Jr., our President and a director, is also the Vice Chair and a director of Penske Corporation. Bud Denker, our Executive Vice President, Human Resources, is also the President of Penske Corporation. Greg Penske, one of our directors, is the son of our chair and is also a director of Penske Corporation. Michael Eisenson, one of our directors, is also a director of Penske Corporation. Masashi Yamanaka, one of our directors, is also an employee of Mitsui & Co.

We sometimes pay to and/or receive fees from Penske Corporation, its subsidiaries, and its affiliates for services rendered in the ordinary course of business or to reimburse payments made to third parties on each other’s behalf. These

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transactions are reviewed periodically by our Audit Committee and reflect the provider’s cost or an amount mutually agreed upon by both parties.

We own a 28.9% interest in PTS. PTS, discussed previously, is owned 41.1% by Penske Corporation, 28.9% by us, and 30.0% by Mitsui. We have also entered into other joint ventures with certain related parties as more fully discussed below.

Joint Venture Relationships

We are party to a number of joint ventures pursuant to which we own and operate automotive dealerships together with other investors. We may provide these dealerships with working capital and other debt financing at costs that are based on our incremental borrowing rate. As of September 30, 2021, our retail automotive joint venture relationships included:

Location	Dealerships	Ownership Interest
Fairfield, Connecticut	Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Sprinter, Porsche	80.00	% (A)
Greenwich, Connecticut	Mercedes-Benz	80.00	% (A)
Northern Italy	BMW, MINI, Maserati, Porsche, Audi, Land Rover, Volvo, Mercedes-Benz, Smart, Lamborghini	84.10	% (A)
Frankfurt, Germany	Lexus, Toyota, Volkswagen	50.00	% (B)
Barcelona, Spain	BMW, MINI	50.00	% (B)
Tokyo, Japan	BMW, MINI, Rolls-Royce, Ferrari, ALPINA	49.00	% (B) (C)

(A) Entity is consolidated in our financial statements.

(B) Entity is accounted for using the equity method of accounting.

(C) In October 2021, we purchased the remaining 51% interest in the Nicole Group, our retail automotive joint venture in the greater Tokyo area of Japan representing eleven locations, which will result in these dealerships being consolidated in our financial statements beginning in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Additionally, we are party to non-automotive joint ventures representing our investments in PTS (28.9%) and Penske Commercial Leasing Australia (28%) that are accounted for under the equity method.

Cyclicality

Unit sales of motor vehicles, particularly new vehicles, have been cyclical historically, fluctuating with general economic cycles. During economic downturns, the automotive and truck retailing industries tend to experience periods of decline and recession similar to those experienced by the general economy. We believe that these industries are influenced by general economic conditions and particularly, by consumer confidence, the level of personal discretionary spending, fuel prices, interest rates, and credit availability.

Our business is dependent on a number of factors, including general economic conditions, fuel prices, interest rate fluctuations, credit availability, labor availability, environmental and other government regulations, and customer business cycles. U.S. light vehicle sales have ranged from a low of 10.4 million units in 2009 to a high of 17.5 million units in 2016. Unit sales of new commercial vehicles have historically been subject to substantial cyclical variation based on these general economic conditions. According to data published by ACT Research, in recent years, total U.S. retail sales of new Class 8 commercial vehicles have ranged from a low of approximately 97,000 in 2009, to high of approximately 334,000 in 2019. Through geographic expansion, concentration on higher margin regular service and parts revenues, and diversification of our customer base, we have attempted to reduce the negative impact of adverse general economic conditions or cyclical trends affecting any one industry or geographic area on our earnings.

Seasonality

Dealership. Our business is modestly seasonal overall. Our U.S. operations generally experience higher volumes of vehicle sales in the second and third quarters of each year due in part to consumer buying trends and the introduction of new vehicle models. Also, vehicle demand, and to a lesser extent demand for service and parts, is generally lower during

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the winter months than in other seasons, particularly in regions of the U.S. where dealerships may be subject to severe winters. Our U.K. operations generally experience higher volumes of new vehicle sales in the first and third quarters of each year, due primarily to new vehicle registration practices in the U.K.

Commercial Vehicle Distribution. Our commercial vehicle distribution business generally experiences higher sales volumes during the second quarter of the year, which is primarily attributable to commercial vehicle customers completing annual capital expenditures before their fiscal year-end, which is typically June 30 in Australia.

Effects of Inflation

We believe that inflation rates over the last few years have not had a significant impact on revenues or profitability. We do not expect inflation to have any near-term material effects on the sale of our products and services; however, we cannot be sure there will be no such effect in the future. We finance substantially all of our inventory through various revolving floor plan arrangements with interest rates that vary based on various benchmarks. Such rates have historically increased during periods of increasing inflation.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements and information set forth herein, as well as other written or oral statements made from time to time by us or by our authorized officers on our behalf, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Federal Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “goal,” “plan,” “seek,” “project,” “continue,” “will,” “would,” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. We intend for our forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and we set forth this statement in order to comply with such safe harbor provisions. You should note that our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report or when made, and we undertake no duty or obligation to update or revise our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements with respect to:

● our expectations regarding the COVID-19 pandemic;

● our future financial and operating performance;

● future dealership openings, acquisitions, and dispositions;

● future potential capital expenditures and securities repurchases;

● our ability to realize cost savings and synergies;

● our ability to respond to economic cycles;

● trends and sales levels in the automotive retail industry, commercial vehicles industries, and in the general economy in the various countries in which we operate;

● our ability to access the remaining availability under our credit agreements;

● our liquidity;

● performance of joint ventures, including PTS;

● future foreign exchange rates and geopolitical events;

● the outcome of various legal proceedings;

54

● results of self-insurance plans;

● trends affecting the automotive or trucking industries generally and our future financial condition or results of operations; and

● our business strategy.

Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties and are not assurances of future performance. Actual results may differ materially from anticipated results due to a variety of factors, including the factors identified in our 2020 annual report on Form 10-K filed February 19, 2021. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations include those mentioned in Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and the following:

● we depend on the success, popularity and availability of the brands we sell, and adverse conditions affecting one or more vehicle manufacturers, including the adverse impact on the vehicle and parts supply chain due to natural disasters or other disruptions that interrupt the supply of vehicles and parts to us (including any disruptions resulting from the shortage of microchips or other components or the COVID-19 pandemic discussed in Part I, Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors”), may negatively impact our revenues and profitability;

● our business and the automotive retail and commercial vehicles industries in general are susceptible to adverse economic conditions, including changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, customer demand, customer confidence, fuel prices, unemployment rates and credit availability (including any adverse impact from the COVID-19 pandemic discussed in Part I, Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors”);

● increased tariffs, import product restrictions, and foreign trade risks that may impair our ability to sell foreign vehicles profitably;

● the number of new and used vehicles sold in our markets, which impacts our ability to generate new and used vehicle gross profit;

● the effect on our businesses of the trend of electrification of vehicle engines, new mobility technologies such as shared vehicle services, such as Uber and Lyft, and the eventual availability of driverless vehicles;

● vehicle manufacturers exercise significant control over our operations, and we depend on them and the continuation of our franchise and distribution agreements in order to operate our business;

● certain manufacturers have announced plans to explore or move to an agency model which would lower our revenues, although the other impacts to our results of operations remain uncertain;

● we are subject to the risk that a substantial number of our new or used inventory may be unavailable due to recall or other reasons;

● the success of our commercial vehicle distribution operations and engine and power systems distribution operations depends upon continued availability of the vehicles, engines, power systems, and other parts we distribute, demand for those vehicles, engines, power systems, and parts and general economic conditions in those markets;

● a restructuring of any significant vehicle manufacturer or supplier;

55

● our operations may be affected by severe weather, such as the recent hurricanes in Texas, or other periodic business interruptions;

● we have substantial risk of loss not covered by insurance;

● we may not be able to satisfy our capital requirements for acquisitions, facility renovation projects, financing the purchase of our inventory, or refinancing of our debt when it becomes due;

● our level of indebtedness may limit our ability to obtain financing generally and may require that a significant portion of our cash flow be used for debt service;

● non-compliance with the financial ratios and other covenants under our credit agreements and operating leases;

● higher interest rates may significantly increase our variable rate interest costs and, because many customers finance their vehicle purchases, decrease vehicle sales;

● our operations outside of the U.S. subject our profitability to fluctuations relating to changes in foreign currency values;

● with respect to PTS, changes in the financial health of its customers, labor strikes or work stoppages by its employees, a reduction in PTS’ asset utilization rates, continued availability from truck manufacturers and suppliers of vehicles and parts for its fleet, changes in values of used trucks which affects PTS’ profitability on truck sales, compliance costs in regard to its trucking fleet and truck drivers, its ability to retain qualified drivers and technicians, risks associated with its participation in multi-employer pension plans, conditions in the capital markets to assure PTS’ continued availability of capital to purchase trucks, the effect of changes in lease accounting rules on PTS customers’ purchase/lease decisions, and industry competition, each of which could impact distributions to us;

● we are dependent on continued security and availability of our information technology systems, which systems are increasingly threatened by ransomware and other cyberattacks, and we may be subject to fines, penalties, and other costs under applicable privacy laws if we do not maintain our confidential customer and employee information properly;

● if we lose key personnel, especially our Chief Executive Officer, or are unable to attract additional qualified personnel;

● new or enhanced regulations relating to automobile dealerships including those recently enacted by the Financial Conduct Authority in the U.K. prohibiting certain compensation we receive relating to automotive financing in the U.K. and those enacted in certain European countries and California, Massachusetts, and New York banning the sale of new vehicles with gasoline engines starting in Europe as early as 2030;

● changes in tax, financial or regulatory rules, or requirements;

● we could be subject to legal and administrative proceedings which, if the outcomes are adverse to us, could have a material adverse effect on our business;

● if state dealer laws in the U.S. are repealed or weakened or new manufacturers such as those selling electric vehicles are able to conduct significant vehicle sales outside of the franchised automotive system, our automotive dealerships may be subject to increased competition and may be more susceptible to termination, non-renewal, or renegotiation of their franchise agreements;

● some of our directors and officers may have conflicts of interest with respect to certain related party transactions and other business interests; and

56

● shares of our common stock eligible for future sale may cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.

We urge you to carefully consider these risk factors and further information under Part II, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in evaluating all forward-looking statements regarding our business. Readers of this report are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this report. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. Except to the extent required by the federal securities laws and the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and regulations, we have no intention or obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rates. We are exposed to market risk from changes in the interest rates on a significant portion of our outstanding debt. Outstanding revolving balances under our credit agreements bear interest at variable rates based on a margin over defined LIBOR, the Bank of England Base Rate, or the Australian Bank Bill Swap Rate. Based on an average of the aggregate amounts outstanding under these facilities during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, a 100-basis-point change in interest rates would result in an approximate $1.0 million change to our annual other interest expense. Similarly, amounts outstanding under floor plan financing arrangements bear interest at a variable rate based on a margin over the prime rate, defined LIBOR, the Finance House Base Rate, the Euro Interbank Offered Rate, the Canadian Prime Rate, the Australian Bank Bill Swap Rate, or the New Zealand Bank Bill Benchmark Rate.

In April 2020, we entered into a new five-year interest rate swap agreement pursuant to which the LIBOR portion of $300.0 million of our U.S. floating rate floor plan debt is fixed at 0.5875%. Based on an average of the aggregate amounts outstanding under our floor plan financing arrangements subject to variable interest payments during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, considering the swap arrangement, a 100-basis-point change in interest rates would result in an approximate $23.9 million change to our annual floor plan interest expense.

We evaluate our exposure to interest rate fluctuations and follow established policies and procedures to implement strategies designed to manage the amount of variable rate indebtedness outstanding at any point in time in an effort to mitigate the effect of interest rate fluctuations on our earnings and cash flows. These policies include:

● the maintenance of our overall debt portfolio with targeted fixed and variable rate components;

● the use of authorized derivative instruments;

● the prohibition of using derivatives for trading or other speculative purposes; and

● the prohibition of highly leveraged derivatives, derivatives which we are unable to reliably value, or derivatives which we are unable to obtain a market quotation.

Interest rate fluctuations affect the fair market value of our fixed rate debt, including our swaps, mortgages, and certain seller financed promissory notes but with respect to such fixed rate debt instruments, do not impact our earnings or cash flows.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates. As of September 30, 2021, we had consolidated operations in the U.K., Germany, Italy, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. In each of these markets, the local currency is the functional currency. In the event we change our intent with respect to the investment in any of our international operations, we would expect to implement strategies designed to manage those risks in an effort to mitigate the effect of foreign currency fluctuations on our earnings and cash flows. A ten percent change in average exchange rates versus the U.S. Dollar would have resulted in an approximate $778.4 million change to our revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

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We purchase certain of our new vehicles, parts, and other products from non-U.S. manufacturers. Although we purchase the majority of our inventories in the local functional currency, our business is subject to certain risks, including, but not limited to, differing economic conditions, changes in political climate, differing tax structures, changes in tax and tariff rates, other regulations and restrictions, and foreign exchange rate volatility, which may influence such manufacturers’ ability to provide their products at competitive prices in the local jurisdictions. Our future results could be materially and adversely impacted by changes in these or other factors.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the principal executive and financial officers, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive and financial officers, to allow timely discussions regarding required disclosure.

Based upon this evaluation, our principal executive and financial officers concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report. In addition, we maintain internal controls designed to provide us with the information required for accounting and financial reporting purposes. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the most recent quarter that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are involved in litigation which may relate to claims brought by governmental authorities, customers, vendors, or employees, including class action claims and purported class action claims. We are not a party to any legal proceedings, including class action lawsuits, that individually or in the aggregate, are reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on us. However, the results of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, and an unfavorable resolution of one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the information set forth in this Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, or future results. The following updates the risk factors included in our 2020 Form 10-K:

Adverse conditions affecting a significant automotive manufacturer or supplier will affect us. Our success depends on the overall success of the automotive industry generally and in particular, on the success of the brands of vehicles that each of our dealerships sell. In 2020, revenue generated at our Audi/Volkswagen/Porsche/Bentley, BMW/MINI, Toyota/Lexus, and Mercedes-Benz/Sprinter/smart dealerships represented 22%, 23%, 14%, and 10%, respectively, of our total automotive dealership revenues. In addition, our retail commercial truck operations rely principally on Freightliner and Western Star trucks (both Daimler brands).

Significant adverse weather-related events, supply chain issues, or other events that interrupt vehicle or parts supply to our dealerships would likely have a significant and adverse impact on the industry as a whole, including us, particularly if the events impact any of the manufacturers whose franchises generate a significant percentage of our revenue. New rules in place after the recent Brexit accord between the European Union and the U.K. could slow parts originating in the U.K or Europe for distribution to our dealerships. COVID-19 has impacted and may continue to impact the supply of vehicles or parts to the U.S. or U.K markets, and our business could be materially adversely

58

affected. The supply chain required to manufacture and supply the parts for the vehicles we sell is highly complex and integrated. Any failure of that supply chain could materially and adversely affect us.

Recently, many of our principal vehicle manufacturers have announced production disruptions caused by a shortage of microchips and other components. The microchip shortage is reported to be due to the overall demand for microchips in the global economy as well as production disruptions caused by staffing and other COVID-19 related issues. IHS Markit has predicted that automotive production globally was reduced by 7.4 million units during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, due to the shortage and that production levels will continue to be negatively impacted into 2022. Our new vehicle days’ supply is 19 as of September 30, 2021, compared to 50 as of December 31, 2020. While we expect to continue to have normal levels of used vehicles for sale (our used vehicle days’ supply is 40 as of September 30, 2021, compared to 48 as of December 31, 2020), prolonged shortages could result in lower new vehicle sales volumes which could adversely affect us. We expect lower inventories of new vehicles and parts disruptions to continue into 2022 until the supply of certain components used to manufacture vehicles improves. When the supply of vehicles improves, we may experience reduced new and used vehicle gross profit. Moreover, due to remote working and lack of mobility associated with the pandemic in some of our markets, we believe our customers may be driving less, which may affect our service revenues should this trend continue.

Vehicle manufacturers exercise significant control over us. Each of our new vehicle dealerships and distributor operations operate under franchise and other agreements with automotive manufacturers, commercial vehicle manufacturers, or related distributors. These agreements govern almost every aspect of the operation of our dealerships and give manufacturers the discretion to terminate or not renew our franchise agreements for a variety of reasons, including certain events outside our control such as accumulation of our stock by third parties. Without franchise or distributor agreements, we would be unable to sell or distribute new vehicles or perform manufacturer authorized warranty service. If a significant number of our franchise agreements are terminated, not renewed, or, with respect to our distributor operations, a competing distributor were introduced, we would be materially affected.

Recently, several of our key automotive manufacturer partners have announced plans to explore or move to an agency model of selling new vehicles in the U.K and Europe. Under an agency model, our franchised dealerships would receive a fee for facilitating the sale by the manufacturer of a new vehicle but would not hold the vehicle in inventory as has been historical practice. This model, if eventually adopted, would negatively impact revenues, although the other impacts to our results of operations remain uncertain. We are uncertain if agency models will be widely adopted in the U.K. and Europe (though we believe any such adoption would not occur until 2023 at the earliest) and if so, the impact to our results of operations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we repurchased 2,027,531 shares of our common stock for $178.7 million, or an average of $88.15 per share, under our securities repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we repurchased 2,375,762 shares of our outstanding common stock for $206.9 million, or an average of $87.07 per share, under this program. In July 2021, our Board of Directors increased the authority delegated to management to repurchase our outstanding securities to $250.0 million, of which $71.3 million remains outstanding as of September 30, 2021. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we acquired 2,100 shares of our common stock for $0.2 million, or an average of $75.49 per share, from employees in connection with a net share settlement feature of employee equity awards. During the nine months ended September 30,

59

2021, we acquired 149,176 shares of our common stock for $12.9 million, or an average of $86.78 per share, from employees in connection with a net share settlement feature of employee equity awards.

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)		Average Price Paid per Share	Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Program (in millions)
July 1 to July 31, 2021	2,100	$	75.49	—	$	250.0
August 1 to August 31, 2021	1,318,225	$	87.66	1,318,225	$	134.4
September 1 to September 30, 2021	709,306	$	89.05	709,306	$	71.3
	2,029,631			2,027,531

(1) Includes 2,100 shares acquired from employees in connection with a net share settlement feature of employee equity awards

Item 6. Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
No.	Description
22	List of Guarantor Subsidiaries under the Company’s Senior Subordinated Notes
31.1	Rule 13(a)-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) Certification
31.2	Rule 13(a)-14(a)/15(d)-14(a) Certification
32	Section 1350 Certification
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File – The cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GROUP, INC.
	By:	/s/ Roger S. Penske
		Roger S. Penske
Date: October 28, 2021		Chief Executive Officer
	By:	/s/ Michelle Hulgrave
		Michelle Hulgrave
Date: October 28, 2021		Chief Financial Officer

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EX-22

Exhibit 22

List of Guarantor Subsidiaries of Penske Automotive Group, Inc.

Penske Automotive Group, Inc. is the issuer of (i) 3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025 and (ii) 3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029 (collectively, the “Notes”). The following subsidiaries are guarantors of these Notes as of the last day of the period covered by this report:

ATC CHATTANOOGA, LLC

ATC KNOXVILLE, LLC

ATC REALTY INVESTMENTS, LLC

ATC WEST TEXAS, LLC

ATLANTIC AUTO FUNDING CORPORATION

ATLANTIC AUTO SECOND FUNDING CORPORATION

ATLANTIC AUTO THIRD FUNDING CORPORATION

AUTO MALL PAYROLL SERVICES, INC.

BOWEN REALTY INVESTMENTS, LLC

CARSHOP HOLDINGS, LLC

CARSHOP SUPERCENTERS, LLC

CJNS, LLC

CLASSIC AUTO GROUP, INC.

CLASSIC ENTERPRISES, LLC

CLASSIC IMPORTS, INC.

CLASSIC MANAGEMENT COMPANY, INC.

CLASSIC MOTOR SALES, LLC

CLASSIC NISSAN OF TURNERSVILLE, LLC

CLASSIC OLDSMOBILE-PONTIAC-GMC TRUCK, LTD.

CLASSIC SPECIAL ADVERTISING, INC.

CLASSIC SPECIAL AUTOMOTIVE GP, LLC

CLASSIC SPECIAL AUTOMOTIVE, LTD.

CLASSIC SPECIAL HYUNDAI, LTD.

CLASSIC SPECIAL, LLC

CLASSIC TURNERSVILLE, INC.

D. YOUNG CHEVROLET, LLC

DAN YOUNG CHEVROLET, INC.

DAN YOUNG MOTORS, LLC

DANBURY AUTO PARTNERSHIP

DEALER ACCESSORIES, LLC

DIFEO NISSAN PARTNERSHIP

DIFEO PARTNERSHIP, LLC

DIFEO TENAFLY PARTNERSHIP

eCARSHOP, LLC

EUROPA AUTO IMPORTS, INC.

FLORIDA CHRYSLER PLYMOUTH, INC.

FRN OF TULSA, LLC

GENE REED CHEVROLET, INC.

GMG MOTORS, INC.

GOODSON NORTH, LLC

GOODSON SPRING BRANCH, LLC

HBL, LLC

HILL COUNTRY IMPORTS, LTD.

HT AUTOMOTIVE, LLC

HUDSON MOTORS PARTNERSHIP

KMT/UAG, INC.

LANDERS AUTO SALES, LLC

LANDERS FORD NORTH, INC.

LATE ACQUISITION I, LLC

LATE ACQUISITION II, LLC

MICHAEL CHEVROLET-OLDSMOBILE, INC.

MOTORCARS ACQUISITION IV, LLC

MOTORCARS ACQUISITION V, LLC

MOTORCARS ACQUISITION VI, LLC

MOTORCARS ACQUISITION, LLC

OCT PARTNERSHIP

PAG ACQUISITION 27, LLC

PAG ACQUISITION 28, LLC

PAG ACQUISITION 64, LLC

PAG ACQUISITION 65, LLC

PAG ACQUISITION 66, LLC

PAG ANNAPOLIS JL1, LLC

PAG ATLANTA MANAGEMENT, LLC

PAG AUSTIN H1, LLC

PAG AUSTIN L1, LLC

PAG AZ PROPERTIES, LLC

PAG BEDFORD A1, LLC

PAG BEDFORD P1, LLC

PAG BEDFORD PROPERTIES, LLC

PAG CHANDLER JLR, LLC

PAG CHANTILLY M1, LLC

PAG CHANTILLY P1, LLC

PAG CHARLOTTE M1, LLC

PAG CLOVIS T1, INC.

PAG CONNECTICUT LR1, LLC

PAG DAVIE P1, LLC

PAG DELAWARE CS, LLC

PAG DISTRIBUTOR S1, LLC

PAG EAST, LLC

PAG GOODYEAR F1, LLC

PAG GREENWICH B1, LLC

PAG GREENWICH HOLDINGS, LLC

PAG INTERNATIONAL SERVICES, LLC

PAG INVESTMENTS, LLC

PAG LEANDER H1, LLC

PAG MADISON L1, LLC

PAG MADISON T1, LLC

PAG MARIN M1, INC.

PAG MARYLAND CS, LLC

PAG MCALLEN H1, LLC

PAG MCALLEN T1, LLC

PAG MENTOR A1, INC.

PAG MICHIGAN HOLDINGS, LLC

PAG NEW JERSEY A1, LLC

PAG NEW JERSEY CS, LLC

PAG NEW JERSEY JL1, LLC

PAG NEW JERSEY JL2, LLC

PAG NEW JERSEY JL3, LLC

PAG NEW JERSEY P1, LLC

PAG NORTH ORANGE A1, INC.

PAG NORTH SCOTTSDALE BE, LLC

PAG NORTH SCOTTSDALE M1, LLC

PAG NORTH SCOTTSDALE PP1, LLC

PAG NORTHERN CALIFORNIA MANAGEMENT, INC.

PAG ONTARIO B1, INC.

PAG ORANGE COUNTY L1, INC.

PAG ORANGE COUNTY MANAGEMENT COMPANY, INC.

PAG ORANGE COUNTY RR1, INC.

PAG ORANGE COUNTY S1, INC.

PAG ORLANDO GENERAL, LLC

PAG ORLANDO LIMITED, LLC

PAG ORLANDO PARTNERSHIP, LTD.

PAG PENNSYLVANIA CS, LLC

PAG ROSWELL B1, LLC

PAG SAN FRANCISCO N1, INC.

PAG SANTA ANA AVW, INC.

PAG SANTA ANA B1, INC.

PAG SURPRISE T1, LLC

PAG TEMPE M1, LLC

PAG TEXAS MANAGEMENT COMPANY, LLC

PAG TURNERSVILLE AU, LLC

PAG VIRGINIA CS, LLC

PAG WASHINGTON A1, LLC

PAG WEST ACQUISITION 9, INC.

PAG WEST, LLC

PALM AUTO PLAZA, LLC

PEACHTREE NISSAN, INC.

PENSKE CAR RENTAL HOLDINGS, LLC

PENSKE COMMERCIAL VEHICLES US, LLC

PETER PAN MOTORS, INC.

PMRC, LLC

PTG OF IDAHO, LLC

PTG OF UTAH, LLC

PTG MISSOURI, LLC

RELENTLESS PURSUIT ENTERPRISES, INC.

SA AUTOMOTIVE, LTD.

SAU AUTOMOTIVE, LTD.

SCOTTSDALE 101 MANAGEMENT, LLC

SCOTTSDALE FERRARI, LLC

SCOTTSDALE MANAGEMENT GROUP, LTD.

SCOTTSDALE PAINT & BODY, LLC

SDG AUTOMOTIVE INVESTMENTS, LLC

SIGMA MOTORS INC.

SINGLE SOURCE TRUCK PARTS, LLC

SK MOTORS, LLC

SL AUTOMOTIVE, LLC

SUN MOTORS, LLC

TAMBURRO ENTERPRISES, INC.

THE AROUND THE CLOCK FREIGHTLINER GROUP, LLC

UAG ARKANSAS FLM, LLC

UAG ATLANTA H1, LLC

UAG ATLANTA IV MOTORS, LLC

UAG CAPITOL, INC.

UAG CAROLINA, INC.

UAG CENTRAL REGION MANAGEMENT, LLC

UAG CHANTILLY AU, LLC

UAG CLASSIC, INC.

UAG CLOVIS, INC.

UAG CONNECTICUT, LLC

UAG DULUTH, INC.

UAG EAST, LLC

UAG ESCONDIDO A1, INC.

UAG ESCONDIDO H1, INC.

UAG ESCONDIDO M1, INC.

UAG FAYETTEVILLE I, LLC

UAG FAYETTEVILLE II, LLC

UAG FAYETTEVILLE III, LLC

UAG FINANCE COMPANY, INC.

UAG HOUSTON ACQUISITION, LTD.

UAG HUDSON CJD, LLC

UAG HUDSON, INC.

UAG INTERNATIONAL HOLDINGS, INC.

UAG KISSIMMEE MOTORS, LLC

UAG LANDERS SPRINGDALE, LLC

UAG LOS GATOS, INC.

UAG MARIN, INC.

UAG MEMPHIS II, INC.

UAG MEMPHIS MANAGEMENT, INC.

UAG MENTOR ACQUISITION, LLC

UAG MICHIGAN H1, LLC

UAG MICHIGAN TMV, LLC

UAG MINNEAPOLIS B1, LLC

UAG NORTHEAST, LLC

UAG REALTY, LLC

UAG ROYAL PALM M1, LLC

UAG SAN DIEGO A1, INC.

UAG SAN DIEGO AU, INC.

UAG SAN DIEGO H1, INC.

UAG SAN DIEGO MANAGEMENT, INC.

UAG STEVENS CREEK II, INC.

UAG TEXAS II, INC.

UAG TEXAS, LLC

UAG TULSA HOLDINGS, LLC

UAG TURNERSVILLE REALTY, LLC

UAG VK, LLC

UAG WEST BAY AM, LLC

UAG WEST BAY IAU, LLC

UAG WEST BAY IB, LLC

UAG WEST BAY II, LLC

UAG WEST BAY IL, LLC

UAG WEST BAY IM, LLC

UAG WEST BAY IP, LLC

UAG WEST BAY IW, LLC

UAG YOUNG II, INC.

UAG-CARIBBEAN, INC.

UNITED AUTO LICENSING, LLC

UNITED AUTO SCOTTSDALE PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC

UNITED AUTOCARE PRODUCTS, LLC

UNITED NISSAN, INC.

UNITED NISSAN, INC.

UNITED RANCH AUTOMOTIVE, LLC

UNITEDAUTO FIFTH FUNDING, INC.

UNITEDAUTO FINANCE, INC.

UNITEDAUTO FOURTH FUNDING INC.

WEST PALM AUTO MALL, INC.

WTA MOTORS, LTD.

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Roger S. Penske, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Penske Automotive Group, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Roger S. Penske

Roger S. Penske

Chief Executive Officer

October 28, 2021

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Michelle Hulgrave, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Penske Automotive Group, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have:

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ Michelle Hulgrave

Michelle Hulgrave

Chief Financial Officer

October 28, 2021

EX-32

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of Penske Automotive Group, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), we, Roger S. Penske and Michelle Hulgrave, Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, respectively, of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

	/s/ Roger S. Penske
	Roger S. Penske
	Chief Executive Officer
October 28, 2021
	/s/ Michelle Hulgrave
	Michelle Hulgrave
	Chief Financial Officer
October 28, 2021

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Penske Automotive Group, Inc. and will be retained by Penske Automotive Group, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

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Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Oct. 25, 2021
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2021
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-12297
Entity Registrant Name	Penske Automotive Group, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	22-3086739
Entity Address, Address Line One	2555 Telegraph Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Bloomfield Hills
Entity Address, State or Province	MI
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	48302-0954
City Area Code	248
Local Phone Number	648-2500
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock
Trading Symbol	PAG
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		78,295,038
Entity Central Index Key	0001019849
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2021
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3

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CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 119.2	$ 49.5
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $5.7 and $5.5	737.7	806.9
Inventories	2,598.4	3,425.6
Other current assets	121.4	126.8
Total current assets	3,576.7	4,408.8
Property and equipment, net	2,378.6	2,404.4
Operating lease right-of-use assets	2,410.9	2,416.5
Goodwill	2,050.9	1,928.4
Other indefinite-lived intangible assets	600.7	563.4
Equity method investments	1,668.2	1,500.3
Other long-term assets	33.3	25.4
Total assets	12,719.3	13,247.2
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Floor plan notes payable	962.2	1,780.5
Floor plan notes payable - non-trade	1,074.9	1,363.8
Accounts payable	808.8	675.4
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	922.4	767.2
Current portion of long-term debt	67.9	87.5
Liabilities held for sale	0.5	0.5
Total current liabilities	3,836.7	4,674.9
Long-term debt	1,356.7	1,602.1
Long-term operating lease liabilities	2,341.1	2,350.3
Deferred tax liabilities	1,003.4	873.1
Other long-term liabilities	315.0	420.7
Total liabilities	8,852.9	9,921.1
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 11)
Penske Automotive Group stockholders' equity:
Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding
Common Stock
Additional paid-in capital	110.8	311.8
Retained earnings	3,921.5	3,151.3
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(190.2)	(160.6)
Total Penske Automotive Group stockholders' equity	3,842.1	3,302.5
Non-controlling interest	24.3	23.6
Total equity	3,866.4	3,326.1
Total liabilities and equity	$ 12,719.3	13,247.2
Non-voting Common Stock
Penske Automotive Group stockholders' equity:
Common Stock
Class C Common Stock
Penske Automotive Group stockholders' equity:
Common Stock

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CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Accounts receivable, allowance for doubtful accounts (in dollars)	$ 5.7	$ 5.5
Preferred Stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred Stock, shares authorized	100,000	100,000
Preferred Stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred Stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common Stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common Stock, shares authorized	240,000,000	240,000,000
Common Stock, shares issued	78,294,013	80,392,662
Common Stock, shares outstanding	78,294,013	80,392,662
Non-voting Common Stock
Common Stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common Stock, shares authorized	7,125,000	7,125,000
Common Stock, shares issued	0	0
Common Stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Class C Common Stock
Common Stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common Stock, shares authorized	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common Stock, shares issued	0	0
Common Stock, shares outstanding	0	0

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CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Revenue:
Total revenues	$ 6,497.3	$ 5,971.6	$ 19,258.6	$ 14,631.8
Cost of sales:
Total cost of sales	5,331.6	5,015.1	15,997.0	12,345.7
Gross profit	1,165.7	956.5	3,261.6	2,286.1
Selling, general and administrative expenses	757.7	643.3	2,171.8	1,738.7
Depreciation	30.2	29.0	89.7	85.4
Operating income	377.8	284.2	1,000.1	462.0
Floor plan interest expense	(6.0)	(8.0)	(23.4)	(37.4)
Other interest expense	(16.2)	(29.1)	(53.8)	(89.2)
Debt redemption costs		(1.7)	(17.0)	(1.7)
Equity in earnings of affiliates	120.5	66.2	281.5	110.6
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	476.1	311.6	1,187.4	444.3
Income taxes	(120.1)	(64.1)	(308.0)	(100.7)
Income from continuing operations	356.0	247.5	879.4	343.6
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.3
Net income	356.3	247.6	879.8	343.9
Less: Income attributable to non-controlling interests	1.2	1.0	3.3	0.5
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders	$ 355.1	$ 246.6	$ 876.5	$ 343.4
Basic earnings per share attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders:
Continuing operations (in dollars per share)	$ 4.46	$ 3.07	$ 10.91	$ 4.27
Discontinued operations (in dollars per share)
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders (in dollars per share)	$ 4.47	$ 3.07	$ 10.92	$ 4.27
Shares used in determining basic earnings per share (in shares)	79,497,482	80,340,076	80,272,613	80,368,589
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders:
Continuing operations (in dollars per share)	$ 4.46	$ 3.07	$ 10.91	$ 4.27
Discontinued operations (in dollars per share)
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders (in dollars per share)	$ 4.47	$ 3.07	$ 10.92	$ 4.27
Shares used in determining diluted earnings per share (in shares)	79,523,327	80,380,076	80,298,458	80,408,589
Amounts attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders:
Income from continuing operations	$ 356.0	$ 247.5	$ 879.4	$ 343.6
Less: Income attributable to non-controlling interests	1.2	1.0	3.3	0.5
Income from continuing operations, net of tax	354.8	246.5	876.1	343.1
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax	0.3	0.1	0.4	0.3
Net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders	$ 355.1	246.6	$ 876.5	$ 343.4
Cash dividends per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.45		$ 1.32	$ 0.42
Retail automotive dealership
Revenue:
Total revenues	$ 5,634.9	5,258.0	$ 17,039.4	$ 12,828.1
Cost of sales:
Total cost of sales	4,624.0	4,408.3	14,188.2	10,834.0
Retail commercial truck dealership
Revenue:
Total revenues	717.3	590.9	1,777.3	1,481.5
Cost of sales:
Total cost of sales	602.0	517.8	1,479.3	1,279.4
Commercial vehicle distribution
Revenue:
Total revenues	145.1	122.7	441.9	322.2
Cost of sales:
Total cost of sales	$ 105.6	$ 89.0	$ 329.5	$ 232.3

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CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Net income	$ 356.3	$ 247.6	$ 879.8	$ 343.9
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(42.6)	49.9	(40.7)	(15.4)
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps:
Unrealized gain (loss) arising during the period, net of tax (provision) benefit of ($0.0), ($0.1), ($1.1), and $1.4, respectively		0.3	3.0	(3.8)
Reclassification adjustment for (gain) loss included in floor plan interest expense, net of tax provision (benefit) of ($0.1), $0.1, ($0.3), and $0.1, respectively	0.3	(0.2)	0.8	(0.2)
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps, net of tax	0.3	0.1	3.8	(4.0)
Other adjustments to comprehensive income (loss), net	(0.5)	3.3	6.6	0.6
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(42.8)	53.3	(30.3)	(18.8)
Comprehensive income (loss)	313.5	300.9	849.5	325.1
Less: Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests	0.8	1.4	2.6	0.8
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders	$ 312.7	$ 299.5	$ 846.9	$ 324.3

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CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate swaps, tax:
Unrealized loss arising during the period, tax (provision) benefit	$ (0.0)	$ (0.1)	$ (1.1)	$ 1.4
Reclassification adjustment for loss included in floor plan interest expense, tax provision (benefit)	$ (0.1)	$ 0.1	$ (0.3)	$ 0.1

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CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Operating Activities:
Net income	$ 879.8	$ 343.9
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from continuing operating activities:
Depreciation	89.7	85.4
Earnings of equity method investments	(203.4)	(88.9)
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax	(0.4)	(0.3)
Deferred income taxes	126.3	177.6
Debt redemption costs	17.0	1.7
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	69.4	112.2
Inventories	863.6	1,043.5
Floor plan notes payable	(818.3)	(925.9)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	290.5	172.1
Other	16.2	(71.8)
Net cash provided by continuing operating activities	1,330.4	849.5
Investing Activities:
Purchase of equipment and improvements	(157.5)	(114.3)
Proceeds from sale of dealerships	4.3	10.3
Proceeds from sale of equipment and improvements	54.9	19.8
Acquisitions net, including repayment of sellers' floor plan notes payable of $24.3 and $0, respectively	(278.0)
Other	0.2	(4.4)
Net cash used in continuing investing activities	(376.1)	(88.6)
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from borrowings under U.S. credit agreement revolving credit line	1,487.0	956.0
Repayments under U.S. credit agreement revolving credit line	(1,595.0)	(1,001.0)
Net repayments of other long-term debt	(152.5)	(253.7)
Net repayments of floor plan notes payable - non-trade	(288.9)	(547.6)
Payments for contingent consideration		(31.6)
Repurchases of common stock	(206.9)	(29.4)
Dividends	(106.3)	(34.2)
Payment of debt issuance costs	(6.1)	(7.8)
Other	(12.8)	(5.0)
Net cash used in continuing financing activities	(881.5)	(704.3)
Discontinued operations:
Net cash provided by discontinued operating activities	0.4	0.2
Net cash provided by discontinued investing activities
Net cash provided by discontinued financing activities
Net cash provided by discontinued operations	0.4	0.2
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(3.5)	7.8
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	69.7	64.6
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	49.5	28.1
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	119.2	92.7
Cash paid for:
Interest	79.8	106.7
Income taxes	44.5	32.1
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025
Financing Activities:
Issuance of senior subordinated notes		550.0
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029
Financing Activities:
Issuance of senior subordinated notes	500.0
3.75% senior subordinated notes redeemed August 15, 2020
Financing Activities:
Repayment of senior subordinated notes		$ (300.0)
5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026
Financing Activities:
Repayment of senior subordinated notes	$ (500.0)

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CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Repayment of Sellers' Floor Plan Notes Payable Dealership Acquisitions	$ 24.3	$ 0.0
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.50%	3.50%
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.75%
3.75% senior subordinated notes redeemed August 15, 2020
Interest rate (as a percent)		3.75%
5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.50%

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CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Penske Automotive Group	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Non-controlling Interest	Total
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 2,793.4		$ 320.4	$ 2,675.8	$ (202.8)	$ 18.2	$ 2,811.6
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019		81,084,751
Increase (decrease) in stockholders' equity
Equity compensation	15.2		15.2				15.2
Equity compensation (in shares)		279,196
Repurchases of common stock	(34.4)		(34.4)				(34.4)
Repurchases of common stock (in shares)		(1,027,736)
Dividends	(34.2)			(34.2)			(34.2)
Interest rate swaps	(4.0)				(4.0)		(4.0)
Foreign currency translation	(15.7)				(15.7)	0.3	(15.4)
Other	0.6				0.6	0.2	0.8
Net income	343.4			343.4		0.5	343.9
Balance at Sep. 30, 2020	3,064.3		301.2	2,985.0	(221.9)	19.2	3,083.5
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2020		80,336,211
Balance at Jun. 30, 2020	2,759.9		296.3	2,738.4	(274.8)	17.7	2,777.6
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020		80,339,909
Increase (decrease) in stockholders' equity
Equity compensation	5.1		5.1				5.1
Equity compensation (in shares)		750
Repurchases of common stock	(0.2)		(0.2)				(0.2)
Repurchases of common stock (in shares)		(4,448)
Interest rate swaps	0.1				0.1		0.1
Foreign currency translation	49.5				49.5	0.4	49.9
Other	3.3				3.3	0.1	3.4
Net income	246.6			246.6		1.0	247.6
Balance at Sep. 30, 2020	3,064.3		301.2	2,985.0	(221.9)	19.2	3,083.5
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2020		80,336,211
Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	3,302.5		311.8	3,151.3	(160.6)	23.6	3,326.1
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		80,392,662
Increase (decrease) in stockholders' equity
Equity compensation	18.8		18.8				18.8
Equity compensation (in shares)		426,289
Repurchases of common stock	(219.8)		(219.8)				(219.8)
Repurchases of common stock (in shares)		(2,524,938)
Dividends	(106.3)			(106.3)			(106.3)
Interest rate swaps	3.8				3.8		3.8
Distributions to non-controlling interest						(1.9)	(1.9)
Foreign currency translation	(40.0)				(40.0)	(0.7)	(40.7)
Other	6.6				6.6		6.6
Net income	876.5			876.5		3.3	879.8
Balance at Sep. 30, 2021	3,842.1		110.8	3,921.5	(190.2)	24.3	3,866.4
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2021		78,294,013
Balance at Jun. 30, 2021	3,738.7		284.0	3,602.5	(147.8)	24.0	3,762.7
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2021		80,330,836
Increase (decrease) in stockholders' equity
Equity compensation	5.7		5.7				5.7
Equity compensation (in shares)		(7,192)
Repurchases of common stock	(178.9)		(178.9)				(178.9)
Repurchases of common stock (in shares)		(2,029,631)
Dividends	(36.1)			(36.1)			(36.1)
Interest rate swaps	0.3				0.3		0.3
Distributions to non-controlling interest						(0.5)	(0.5)
Foreign currency translation	(42.2)				(42.2)	(0.4)	(42.6)
Other	(0.5)				(0.5)		(0.5)
Net income	355.1			355.1		1.2	356.3
Balance at Sep. 30, 2021	$ 3,842.1		$ 110.8	$ 3,921.5	$ (190.2)	$ 24.3	$ 3,866.4
Balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2021		78,294,013

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Interim Financial Statements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Interim Financial Statements.

Interim Financial Statements

1. Interim Financial Statements

Unless the context otherwise requires, the use of the terms “PAG,” “we,” “us,” and “our” in these Notes to the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements refers to Penske Automotive Group, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Business Overview and Concentrations

We are a diversified international transportation services company and one of the world's premier automotive and commercial truck retailers. We operate dealerships principally in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Italy, and Japan, and we are one of the largest retailers of commercial trucks in North America for Freightliner. We also distribute and retail commercial vehicles, diesel and gas engines, power systems, and related parts and services principally in Australia and New Zealand. Additionally, we own 28.9% of Penske Transportation Solutions, a business that manages a fleet of over 350,000 vehicles providing innovative transportation, supply chain, and technology solutions to North American fleets.

Retail Automotive. We are one of the largest automotive retailers headquartered in the U.S. as measured by the $17.9 billion in total retail automotive dealership revenue we generated in 2020. As of September 30, 2021, we operated 305 retail automotive franchised dealerships, of which 144 franchised dealerships are located in the U.S. and 161 franchised dealerships are located outside of the U.S. The franchised dealerships outside the U.S. are located primarily in the U.K. In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we retailed and wholesaled more than 433,000 vehicles. We are diversified geographically, with 58% of our total retail automotive dealership revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, generated in the U.S. and Puerto Rico and 42% generated outside the U.S. We offer over 35 vehicle brands, with 70% of our retail automotive franchised dealership revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2021, generated from premium brands, such as Audi, BMW, Land Rover, Mercedes-Benz, and Porsche. Each of our franchised dealerships offers a wide selection of new and used vehicles for sale. In addition to selling new and used vehicles, we generate higher-margin revenue at each of our dealerships through maintenance and repair services, the sale and placement of third-party finance and insurance products, third-party extended service and maintenance contracts, and replacement and aftermarket automotive products. We operate our franchised dealerships under franchise agreements with a number of automotive manufacturers and distributors that are subject to certain rights and restrictions typical of the industry.

We also operate used vehicle dealerships in the U.S. and the U.K. which retail and wholesale used vehicles under a one price, “no-haggle” methodology under the CarShop brand. As of September 30, 2021, our operations in the U.S. consist of seven retail locations, and our operations in the U.K. consist of thirteen retail locations and a vehicle preparation center. In September 2021, we opened one CarShop location in the U.K., and in October 2021, we opened two additional CarShop locations, one in the U.S. in Scottsdale, Arizona and one in the U.K.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we acquired one retail automotive franchise in the U.S., were awarded one retail automotive franchise in the U.S., and disposed of one retail automotive franchise in the U.K. In October 2021, we also purchased the remaining 51% interest in the Nicole Group, our retail automotive joint venture in the greater Tokyo area of Japan representing BMW, MINI, Rolls-Royce, Ferrari, and ALPINA, which will result in these dealerships being consolidated in our financial statements beginning in the fourth quarter of 2021.

Retail Commercial Truck Dealership. We operate Premier Truck Group (“PTG”), a heavy- and medium-duty truck dealership group offering primarily Freightliner and Western Star trucks (both Daimler brands) with locations in Texas, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Georgia, Utah, Idaho, Kansas, Missouri, and Canada. In April 2021, we acquired Kansas City Freightliner (“KCFL”), a retailer of heavy- and medium-duty commercial trucks in Kansas and Missouri. KCFL added four full-service dealerships, four parts and service centers, and two collision centers to PTG’s operations. As of

September 30, 2021, PTG operated 35 locations which sell new and used trucks, parts and service, and collision repair services.

Penske Australia. Penske Australia is the exclusive importer and distributor of Western Star heavy-duty trucks, MAN heavy- and medium-duty trucks and buses (a VW Group brand), and Dennis Eagle refuse collection vehicles, together with associated parts, across Australia, New Zealand, and portions of the Pacific. In most of these same markets, we are also a leading distributor of diesel and gas engines and power systems, principally representing MTU, Detroit Diesel, Allison Transmission, Rolls Royce Power Systems, and Bergen Engines. Penske Australia offers products across the on- and off-highway markets, including in the construction, mining, marine, defense, and power generation sectors and supports full parts and aftersales service through a network of branches, field locations, and dealers across the region.

Penske Transportation Solutions. We hold a 28.9% ownership interest in Penske Truck Leasing Co., L.P (“PTL”). PTL is owned 41.1% by Penske Corporation, 28.9% by us, and 30.0% by Mitsui & Co., Ltd. (“Mitsui”). We account for our investment in PTL under the equity method, and we therefore record our share of PTL’s earnings on our statements of income under the caption “Equity in earnings of affiliates,” which also includes the results of our other equity method investments. Penske Transportation Solutions (“PTS”) is the universal brand name for PTL’s various business lines through which it is capable of meeting customers’ needs across the supply chain with a broad product offering that includes full-service truck leasing, truck rental, and contract maintenance along with logistic services, such as dedicated contract carriage, distribution center management, transportation management, lead logistics provider services, and dry van truckload carrier services.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements of PAG have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and disclosures normally included in our annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the SEC rules and regulations. The information presented as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 is unaudited but includes all adjustments which our management believes to be necessary for the fair presentation of results for the periods presented. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year. These consolidated condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, which are included as part of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The accounts requiring the use of significant estimates include accounts receivable, inventories, income taxes, intangible assets, and certain reserves.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset, or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Accounting standards establish a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value and also establishes the following three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2	Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted market prices in markets that are not active, or model-derived valuations or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities
Level 3	Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities

Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, debt, floor plan notes payable, forward exchange contracts, and interest rate swaps used to hedge future cash flows. Other than our fixed rate debt, the carrying amount of all significant financial instruments approximates fair value due either to length of maturity, the existence of variable interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates, or as a result of mark to market accounting.

Our fixed rate debt consists of amounts outstanding under our senior subordinated notes and mortgage facilities. We estimate the fair value of our senior unsecured notes using quoted prices for the identical liability (Level 2), and we estimate the fair value of our mortgage facilities using a present value technique based on our current market interest rates for similar types of financial instruments (Level 2). A summary of our fixed rate debt is as follows:

	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025		544.3		561.3		543.2	$	554.6
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029		494.1		497.5		—		—
Mortgage facilities		319.8		326.1		458.1		474.7

During the second quarter of 2021, we issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029, the proceeds of which were used to redeem our $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026 on June 24, 2021. Refer to Note 9 “Long-Term Debt” for further discussion.

Discontinued Operations

We had no entities newly classified as held for sale during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, or 2020 that met the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations. As such, results from discontinued operations represent only those businesses that were classified as discontinued operations prior to the adoption of ASU No. 2014-08 on January 1, 2015.

Disposals

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we disposed of one retail automotive franchise. The results of operations for this business are included within continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 as this franchise did not meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale and treated as discontinued operations.

Income Taxes

Tax regulations may require items to be included in our tax return at different times than when those items are reflected in our financial statements. Some of the differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible on our tax return, and some are temporary differences, such as the timing of depreciation expense. Temporary differences create deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets generally represent items that will be used as a tax deduction or credit in our tax return in future years which we have already recorded in our financial statements. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent deductions taken on our tax return that have not yet been recognized as an expense in our financial statements. We establish valuation allowances for our deferred tax assets if the amount of expected future taxable income is not more likely than not to allow for the use of the deduction or credit.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” This ASU provides optional guidance for a limited time to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. Additionally, entities can elect to continue applying hedge accounting for hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform if certain conditions are met. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope.” This ASU refines the scope of ASC 848 and clarifies some of its guidance as part of the Board’s monitoring of global reference rate reform activities. The ASU permits entities to elect certain optional expedients and exceptions when accounting for derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for discounting cash flows, for computing variation margin settlements, and for calculating price alignment interest in connection with reference rate reform activities. These new standards were effective upon issuance and generally can be applied to applicable contract modifications through December 31, 2022. While our credit facilities in the U.S. and U.K. and many of our floorplan arrangements utilize LIBOR as a benchmark for calculating the applicable interest rate, some of our floorplan arrangements have already transitioned to utilizing an alternative benchmark rate. We are continuing to evaluate the impact of the transition from LIBOR to alternative reference interest rates. We cannot predict the effect of the potential changes to or elimination of LIBOR, the establishment and use of alternative rates or benchmarks, and the corresponding effects on our cost of capital but do not expect a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

Disclosures for Business Acquisitions, Dispositions, and Significant Subsidiaries

On May 20, 2020, the SEC issued a final rule that amends the financial statement requirements for acquisitions and dispositions of businesses, including the determinations of whether a subsidiary or an acquired or disposed business is significant. The significance test rule changes to SEC Regulation S-X, Rule 3-09 impact our disclosure requirements for equity method investments, including our investment in Penske Transportation Solutions (“PTS”) as it relates to providing audited financial statements and summarized financial statement information in our footnotes disclosures. The rule is effective January 1, 2021, but earlier compliance is permitted. The Company early adopted this rule in the fourth quarter of 2020.

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Revenues

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Revenues.

Revenues

2. Revenues

Automotive and commercial truck dealerships generate the majority of our revenues. New and used vehicle revenues typically include sales to retail customers, to fleet customers, and to leasing companies providing consumer leasing. We generate finance and insurance revenues from sales of third-party extended service contracts, sales of third-party insurance policies, commissions relating to the sale of finance and lease contracts to third parties, and the sales of certain other products. Service and parts revenues include fees paid by customers for repair, maintenance and collision services, and the sale of replacement parts and other aftermarket accessories, as well as warranty repairs that are reimbursed directly by various vehicle manufacturers. Revenues are recognized upon satisfaction of our performance obligations under contracts with our customers and are measured at the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for transferring goods or providing services. A discussion of revenue recognition by reportable segment is included below.

Retail Automotive and Retail Commercial Truck Dealership Revenue Recognition

Dealership Vehicle Sales. We record revenue for vehicle sales at a point in time when vehicles are delivered, which is when the transfer of title, risks and rewards of ownership, and control are considered passed to the customer. The amount of consideration we receive for vehicle sales is stated within the executed contract with our customer and is

reduced by any noncash consideration representing the fair value of trade-in vehicles, if applicable. Payment is typically due and collected within 30 days subsequent to transfer of control of the vehicle.

Dealership Parts and Service Sales. We record revenue for vehicle service and collision work over time as work is completed and when parts are delivered to our customers. For service and parts revenues recorded over time, we utilize a method that considers total costs incurred to date and the applicable margin in relation to total expected efforts to complete our performance obligation in order to determine the appropriate amount of revenue to recognize over time. Recognition of this revenue over time reflects the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to for the transfer of goods and services performed to date, representative of the amount for which we have a right to payment. The amount of consideration we receive for parts and service sales, including collision repair work, is based upon labor hours expended and parts utilized to perform and complete the necessary services to our customers. Payment is typically due upon delivery or within a period of time shortly thereafter. We receive payment from our customers upon transfer of control or within a period typically less than 30 days subsequent to the completion of services for the customer. We allow for customer returns of parts sales up to 30 days after the sale; however, parts returns are not material.

Dealership Finance and Insurance Sales. Subsequent to the sale of a vehicle to a customer, we sell installment sale contracts to various financial institutions on a non-recourse basis (with specified exceptions) to mitigate the risk of default. We receive a commission from the lender equal to either the difference between the interest rate charged to the customer and the interest rate set by the financing institution or a flat fee. We also receive commissions for facilitating the sale of various products to customers, including guaranteed vehicle protection insurance, vehicle theft protection, and extended service contracts. These commissions are recorded as revenue at a point in time when the customer enters into the contract. Payment is typically due and collected within 30 days subsequent to the execution of the contract with the customer.

In the case of finance contracts, a customer may prepay or fail to pay their contract, thereby terminating the contract. Customers may also terminate extended service contracts and other insurance products, which are fully paid at purchase, and become eligible for refunds of unused premiums. In these circumstances, a portion of the commissions we received may be charged back based on the terms of the contracts. The revenue we record relating to these transactions is net of an estimate of the amount of chargebacks we will be required to pay. Our estimate is based upon our historical experience with similar contracts, including the impact of refinance and default rates on retail finance contracts and cancellation rates on extended service contracts and other insurance products. Aggregate reserves relating to chargeback activity were $32.2 million and $28.7 million as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Commercial Vehicle Distribution Revenue Recognition

Penske Australia. We record revenue from the distribution of vehicles and other products at a point in time when delivered, which is when the transfer of title, risks and rewards of ownership, and control are considered passed to the customer. We record revenue for service or repair work over time as work is completed and when parts are delivered to our customers. For service and parts revenues recorded over time, we utilize a method that considers total costs incurred to date and the applicable margin in relation to total expected efforts to complete our performance obligation in order to determine the appropriate amount of revenue to recognize over time. Recognition of this revenue over time reflects the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to for the transfer of goods and services performed to date, representative of the amount for which we have a right to payment.

The amount of consideration we receive for vehicle and product sales is stated within the executed contract with our customer. The amount of consideration we receive for parts and service sales is based upon labor hours expended and parts utilized to perform and complete the necessary services to our customers. Payment is typically due upon delivery, upon invoice, or within a period of time shortly thereafter. We receive payment from our customers upon transfer of control or within a period typically less than 30 days subsequent to transfer of control or invoice.

We record revenue from the distribution of engines and other products at a point in time when delivered, which is when the transfer of title, risks and rewards of ownership, and control are considered passed to the customer. We record revenue for service or repair work over time as work is completed and when parts are delivered to our customers. For service and parts revenues recorded over time, we utilize a method that considers total costs incurred to date and the

applicable margin in relation to total expected efforts to complete our performance obligation in order to determine the appropriate amount of revenue to recognize over time. Recognition of revenue over time reflects the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to for the transfer of goods and services performed to date, representative of the amount for which we have a right to payment.

For our long-term power generation contracts, we record revenue over time as services are provided in accordance with contract milestones, which is considered an output method that requires judgment to determine our progress towards contract completion and the corresponding amount of revenue to recognize. Any revisions to estimates related to revenues or costs to complete contracts are recorded in the period in which the revisions to estimates are identified and the amounts can be reasonably estimated.

The amount of consideration we receive for engine, product, and power generation sales is stated within the executed contract with our customer. The amount of consideration we receive for service sales is based upon labor hours expended and parts utilized to perform and complete the necessary services to our customers. Payment is typically due upon delivery, upon invoice, or within a period of time shortly thereafter. We receive payment from our customers upon transfer of control or within a period typically less than 30 days subsequent to transfer of control or invoice.

Service and parts revenue represented $69.5 million and $210.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and $58.4 million and $159.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, for Penske Australia.

Retail Automotive Dealership

The following tables disaggregate our retail automotive reportable segment revenue by product type and geographic location for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Retail Automotive Dealership Revenue	2021		2020		2021		2020
New vehicle	$	2,275.2	$	2,350.6	$	7,507.9	$	5,599.8
Used vehicle		2,302.3		1,954.1		6,437.9		4,739.8
Finance and insurance, net		202.7		174.4		583.8		415.8
Service and parts		555.3		521.8		1,604.7		1,380.3
Fleet and wholesale		299.4		257.1		905.1		692.4
Total retail automotive dealership revenue	$	5,634.9	$	5,258.0	$	17,039.4	$	12,828.1

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Retail Automotive Dealership Revenue	2021		2020		2021		2020
U.S.	$	3,271.2	$	2,780.7	$	9,890.5	$	7,288.4
U.K.		2,055.2		2,105.5		6,099.2		4,608.7
Germany and Italy		308.5		371.8		1,049.7		931.0
Total retail automotive dealership revenue	$	5,634.9	$	5,258.0	$	17,039.4	$	12,828.1

Retail Commercial Truck Dealership

The following table disaggregates our retail commercial truck reportable segment revenue by product type for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Retail Commercial Truck Dealership Revenue	2021		2020		2021		2020
New truck	$	464.1	$	376.6	$	1,110.8	$	930.4
Used truck		81.2		63.9		191.2		135.4
Finance and insurance, net		4.8		4.1		11.7		10.5
Service and parts		160.9		122.1		442.8		358.1
Other		6.3		24.2		20.8		47.1
Total retail commercial truck dealership revenue	$	717.3	$	590.9	$	1,777.3	$	1,481.5

Commercial Vehicle Distribution

Our other reportable segment relates to our commercial vehicle distribution business. Commercial vehicle distribution revenue was $145.1 million and $441.9 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and $122.7 million and $322.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

Contract Balances

The following table summarizes our accounts receivable and unearned revenues as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Accounts receivable
Contracts in transit	$	203.9	$	254.0
Vehicle receivables		203.5		216.2
Manufacturer receivables		144.0		193.6
Trade receivables		169.4		135.3
Accrued expenses
Unearned revenues	$	262.7	$	262.9

Contracts in transit represent receivables from unaffiliated finance companies relating to the sale of customers’ installment sales and lease contracts arising in connection with the sale of a vehicle by us. Vehicle receivables represent receivables for any portion of the vehicle sales price not paid by the finance company. Manufacturer receivables represent amounts due from manufacturers, including incentives, holdbacks, rebates, warranty claims, and other receivables due from the factory. Trade receivables represent receivables due from customers, including amounts due for parts and service sales, as well as receivables due from finance companies and others for the commissions earned on financing and commissions earned on insurance and extended service products provided by third parties. We evaluate collectability of receivables and estimate an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the age of the receivable, contractual life, historical collection experience, current conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions, which is recorded within “Accounts receivable” on our consolidated balance sheets with our receivables presented net of the allowance.

Unearned revenues primarily relate to payments received from customers prior to satisfaction of our performance obligations, such as customer deposits and deferred revenues from operating leases. These amounts are presented within “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” on our consolidated balance sheets. Of the amounts recorded as unearned revenues as of December 31, 2020, $155.7 million was recognized as revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Additional Revenue Recognition Related Policies

We do not have any material significant payment terms associated with contracts with our customers. Payment is due and collected as previously detailed for each reportable segment. We do not offer material rights of return or service-type warranties.

Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are recorded on a net basis (excluded from revenue). Shipping costs incurred subsequent to transfer of control to our customers are recognized as cost of sales. Sales promotions that we offer to customers are accounted for as a reduction of revenues at the time of sale.

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Leases

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Leases

Leases

3. Leases

We lease land and facilities, including certain dealerships and office space. Our property leases are generally for an initial period between 5 and 20 years and are typically structured to include renewal options at our election. We include renewal options that we are reasonably certain to exercise in the measurement of our lease liabilities and right-of-use assets. We also have equipment leases that primarily relate to office and computer equipment, service and shop equipment, company vehicles, and other miscellaneous items. These leases are generally for a period of less than 5 years. We do not have any material leases, individually or in the aggregate, classified as a finance leasing arrangement.

We estimate the total undiscounted rent obligations under these leases, including any extension periods that we are reasonably certain to exercise, to be $5.4 billion as of September 30, 2021. Some of our lease arrangements include rental payments that are adjusted based on an index or rate, such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI). As the rate implicit in the lease is generally not readily determinable for our operating leases, the discount rates used to determine the present value of our lease liability are based on our incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date and commensurate with the remaining lease term. Our incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest we would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet.

Pursuant to the leases for some of our larger facilities, we are required to comply with specified financial ratios, including a “rent coverage” ratio and a debt to EBITDA ratio, each as defined. For these leases, non-compliance with the ratios may require us to post collateral in the form of a letter of credit. A breach of the other lease covenants gives rise to certain remedies by the landlord, the most severe of which include the termination of the applicable lease and acceleration of the total rent payments due under the lease.

In connection with the sale, relocation, and closure of certain of our franchises, we have entered into a number of third-party sublease agreements. The rent paid by our sub-tenants on such properties was $5.8 million and $18.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and $6.5 million and $19.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. We have in the past and may in the future enter into sale-leaseback transactions to finance certain property acquisitions and capital expenditures, pursuant to which we sell property to third parties and agree to lease those assets back for a certain period of time. Such sales generate proceeds that vary from period to period. We had no proceeds from sale-leaseback transactions during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. We do not have any material leases that have not yet commenced as of September 30, 2021.

The following table summarizes our net operating lease cost during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Lease Cost
Operating lease cost (1)	$	62.8	$	64.4	$	187.1	$	184.9
Sublease income		(5.8)		(6.5)		(18.8)		(19.4)
Total lease cost	$	57.0	$	57.9	$	168.3	$	165.5

(1) Includes short-term leases and variable lease costs, which are immaterial.

The following table summarizes supplemental cash flow information related to our operating leases:

	Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2021		September 30, 2020
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases		186.9		174.2
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities		68.0		63.9

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate of our leases is as follows:

	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Lease Term and Discount Rate
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases		24 years	25 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		6.2%	6.4%

The following table summarizes the maturity of our lease liabilities on an undiscounted cash flow basis and a reconciliation to the operating lease liabilities recognized on our consolidated condensed balance sheet as of September 30, 2021:

Maturity of Lease Liabilities	September 30, 2021
2021 (1)	$	66.2
2022		240.1
2023		236.1
2024		250.4
2025		228.2
2026		217.9
2027 and thereafter		4,170.5
Total future minimum lease payments	$	5,409.4
Less: Imputed interest		(2,974.3)
Present value of future minimum lease payments	$	2,435.1
Current operating lease liabilities (2)	$	94.0
Long-term operating lease liabilities		2,341.1
Total operating lease liabilities	$	2,435.1

(1) Excludes the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

(2) Included within “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” on Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2021.

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Inventories

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Inventories

Inventories

4. Inventories

Inventories consisted of the following:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Retail automotive dealership new vehicles	$	763.6	$	1,810.9
Retail automotive dealership used vehicles		1,130.0		1,019.7
Retail automotive parts, accessories, and other		117.5		117.2
Retail commercial truck dealership vehicles and parts		315.2		223.1
Commercial vehicle distribution vehicles, parts, and engines		272.1		254.7
Total inventories	$	2,598.4	$	3,425.6

We receive credits from certain vehicle manufacturers that reduce cost of sales when the vehicles are sold. Such credits amounted to $14.4 million and $13.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively, and $51.5 million and $37.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

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Business Combinations

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Business Combinations

Business Combinations

5. Business Combinations

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we acquired one retail automotive franchise in the U.S. We also acquired Kansas City Freightliner (“KCFL”), adding four full-service dealerships, four parts and service centers, and two collision centers to PTG’s existing operations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we made no acquisitions. Our financial statements include the results of operations of the acquired entity from the date of acquisition. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed have been recorded in our consolidated condensed financial statements and may be subject to adjustment pending completion of final valuation. The following table summarizes the aggregate consideration paid and the aggregate amounts of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:

	September 30,
	2021
Accounts receivable	$	—
Inventories		37.0
Other current assets		0.1
Property and equipment		62.8
Indefinite-lived intangibles		181.3
Other noncurrent assets		—
Current liabilities		(2.8)
Noncurrent liabilities		(0.4)
Total cash used in acquisitions	$	278.0

The following unaudited consolidated pro forma results of operations of PAG for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 give effect to acquisitions consummated during 2021 and 2020 as if they had occurred effective at the beginning of the periods:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenues	$	6,497.3	$	6,093.4	$	19,364.3	$	14,903.4
Income from continuing operations		354.9		250.3		879.0		350.3
Net income		355.1		250.4		879.3		350.5
Income from continuing operations per diluted common share	$	4.46	$	3.11	$	10.95	$	4.36
Net income per diluted common share	$	4.47	$	3.11	$	10.95	$	4.36

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Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

6. Intangible Assets

Following is a summary of the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2021:

			Other Indefinite-
			Lived Intangible
	Goodwill		Assets
Balance, January 1, 2021	$	1,928.4	$	563.4
Additions		137.6		43.7
Disposals		(0.6)		—
Foreign currency translation		(14.5)		(6.4)
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	2,050.9	$	600.7

The additions during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, were within our Retail Automotive and Retail Truck reportable segments. The disposals during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, were within our Retail Automotive reportable segment. We disposed of one retail automotive franchise. As of September 30, 2021, the goodwill balance within our Retail Automotive, Retail Commercial Truck, and Other reportable segments was $1,602.2 million, $369.4 million, and $79.3 million, respectively. There is no goodwill recorded in our Non-Automotive Investments reportable segment.

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Vehicle Financing

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Vehicle Financing

Vehicle Financing

7. Vehicle Financing

We finance substantially all of the commercial vehicles we purchase for distribution, new vehicles for retail sale, and a portion of our used vehicle inventories for retail sale under floor plan and other revolving arrangements with various lenders, including the captive finance companies associated with automotive manufacturers. In the U.S., the floor plan arrangements are due on demand; however, we have not historically been required to repay floor plan advances prior to the sale of the vehicles that have been financed. We typically make monthly interest payments on the amount financed. Outside of the U.S., substantially all of the floor plan arrangements are payable on demand or have an original maturity of 90 days or less, and we are generally required to repay floor plan advances at the earlier of the sale of the vehicles that have been financed or the stated maturity.

The agreements typically grant a security interest in substantially all of the assets of our dealership and distribution subsidiaries and in the U.S., Australia, and New Zealand are guaranteed or partially guaranteed by us. Interest rates under the arrangements are variable and increase or decrease based on changes in the prime rate, defined London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), the Finance House Base Rate, the Euro Interbank Offered Rate, the Canadian Prime Rate, the Australian Bank Bill Swap Rate (“BBSW”), or the New Zealand Bank Bill Benchmark Rate. To date, we have not experienced any material limitation with respect to the amount or availability of financing from any institution providing us vehicle financing. We also receive non-refundable credits from certain of our vehicle manufacturers, which are treated as a reduction of cost of sales as vehicles are sold.

The weighted average interest rate on floor plan borrowings was 1.2% and 1.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. We classify floor plan notes payable to a party other than the manufacturer of a particular new vehicle and all floor plan notes payable relating to pre-owned vehicles as “Floor plan notes payable — non-trade” on our consolidated balance sheets and classify related cash flows as a financing activity on our consolidated statements of cash flows.

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Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share

8. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed using net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders and the number of weighted average shares of voting common stock outstanding, including outstanding unvested equity awards which contain rights to non-forfeitable dividends. Diluted earnings per share is computed using net income attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders and the number of weighted average shares of voting common stock outstanding, adjusted for any dilutive effects. A reconciliation of the number of shares used in

the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 follows:

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021	2020	2021	2020
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding	79,497,482	80,340,076	80,272,613	80,368,589
Effect of non-participatory equity compensation	25,845	40,000	25,845	40,000
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, including effect of dilutive securities	79,523,327	80,380,076	80,298,458	80,408,589

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Long-Term Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Long-Term Debt

Long-Term Debt

9. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following and includes $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029 issued in June 2021, the proceeds of which were used to redeem our $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026 on June 24, 2021:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
U.S. credit agreement — revolving credit line	$	—	$	108.0
U.K. credit agreement — revolving credit line		—		—
U.K. credit agreement — overdraft line of credit		—		—
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025		544.3		543.2
5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026		—		496.4
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029		494.1		—
Australia capital loan agreement		27.4		32.1
Australia working capital loan agreement		—		—
Mortgage facilities		319.8		458.1
Other		39.0		51.8
Total long-term debt		1,424.6		1,689.6
Less: current portion		(67.9)		(87.5)
Net long-term debt	$	1,356.7	$	1,602.1

U.S. Credit Agreement

Our U.S. credit agreement (the “U.S. credit agreement”) with Mercedes-Benz Financial Services USA LLC and Toyota Motor Credit Corporation provides for up to $800.0 million in revolving loans for working capital, acquisitions, capital expenditures, investments, and other general corporate purposes and up to an additional $50 million of letters of credit. The U.S. credit agreement provides for a maximum of $150.0 million of borrowings for foreign acquisitions and expires on September 30, 2024. The interest rate on revolving loans is LIBOR plus 1.75%, subject to an incremental 1.25% for uncollateralized borrowings in excess of a defined borrowing base.

The U.S. credit agreement is fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by substantially all of our U.S. subsidiaries and contains a number of significant operating covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, repay certain other indebtedness, pay dividends, create liens on assets, make investments or acquisitions, and engage in mergers or consolidations. We are also required to comply with specified financial and other tests and ratios each as defined in the U.S. credit agreement, including a ratio of current assets to current liabilities, a fixed charge coverage ratio, a ratio of debt to stockholders’ equity, and a ratio of debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”). A breach of these requirements would give rise to certain remedies under the agreement, the most severe of which is the termination of the agreement and acceleration of the amounts owed.

The U.S. credit agreement also contains typical events of default, including change of control, non-payment of obligations, and cross-defaults to our other material indebtedness. Substantially all of our U.S. assets are subject to

security interests granted to the lenders under the U.S. credit agreement. As of September 30, 2021, we had no outstanding revolver borrowings under the U.S. credit agreement.

U.K. Credit Agreement

Our subsidiaries in the U.K. (the “U.K. subsidiaries”) are party to a £150.0 million revolving credit agreement with the National Westminster Bank plc and BMW Financial Services (GB) Limited plus an additional £52.0 million of demand overdraft lines of credit, £40.0 million of which is only available on demand from March 20th to April 30th and September 20th to October 31st each year (relating to the peak sales periods in the U.K.), (collectively, the “U.K. credit agreement”) to be used for working capital, acquisitions, capital expenditures, investments, and general corporate purposes. The loans mature on the termination date of the facility, which is December 12, 2023. The revolving loans bear interest between defined LIBOR plus 1.10% and defined LIBOR plus 2.10%. The U.K. credit agreement also includes a £100.0 million “accordion” feature which allows the U.K. subsidiaries to request up to an additional £100.0 million of facility capacity. The lenders may agree to provide the additional capacity, and if not, the U.K. subsidiaries may add an additional lender, if available, to the facility to provide such additional capacity. As of September 30, 2021, we had no outstanding revolver borrowings under the U.K. credit agreement.

The U.K. credit agreement is fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a joint and several basis by our U.K. subsidiaries and contains a number of significant covenants that, among other things, restrict the ability of our U.K. subsidiaries to pay dividends, dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, repay other indebtedness, create liens on assets, make investments or acquisitions, and engage in mergers or consolidations. In addition, our U.K. subsidiaries are required to comply with defined ratios and tests, including a ratio of earnings before interest, taxes, amortization, and rental payments (“EBITAR”) to interest plus rental payments, a measurement of maximum capital expenditures, and a debt to EBITDA ratio. A breach of these requirements would give rise to certain remedies under the agreement, the most severe of which is the termination of the agreement and acceleration of any amounts owed.

The U.K. credit agreement also contains typical events of default, including change of control and non-payment of obligations and cross-defaults to other material indebtedness of our U.K. subsidiaries. Substantially all of our U.K. subsidiaries’ assets are subject to security interests granted to the lenders under the U.K. credit agreement.

Senior Subordinated Notes

We have issued the following senior subordinated notes:

Description	Maturity Date	Interest Payment Dates	Principal Amount
3.50% Notes	September 1, 2025	February 15, August 15	$550 million
3.75% Notes	June 15, 2029	June 15, December 15	$500 million

Each of these notes are our unsecured, senior subordinated obligations and are guaranteed on an unsecured senior subordinated basis by our 100% owned U.S. subsidiaries. Each also contain customary negative covenants and events of default. If we experience certain “change of control” events specified in the indentures, holders of these notes will have the option to require us to purchase for cash all or a portion of their notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, if we make certain asset sales and do not reinvest the proceeds thereof or use such proceeds to repay certain debt, we will be required to use the proceeds of such asset sales to make an offer to purchase the notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Optional redemption. Prior to September 1, 2022, we may redeem the 3.50% Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal thereof, plus an applicable make-whole premium and any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, we may redeem up to 40% of the 3.50% Notes before September 1, 2022, with net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 103.50% of the principal thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest. On or after September 1, 2022, we may redeem the 3.50% Notes at the redemption prices noted in the indenture. Prior to June 15, 2024, we may redeem the 3.75% Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal thereof, plus an applicable make-whole premium, and any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, we may redeem up to 40% of the Notes before

June 15, 2024 with net cash proceeds from certain equity offerings at a redemption price equal to 103.750% of the principal thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest. We may redeem the 3.75% Notes on or after June 15, 2024 at the redemption prices specified in the indenture.

Australia Loan Agreements

Penske Australia is party to two facilities with Volkswagen Financial Services Australia Pty Limited representing a five-year AU $50.0 million capital loan and a one-year AU $50.0 million working capital loan. Both facilities are subject to annual extensions. These agreements each provide the lender with a secured interest in all assets of these businesses. The loans bear interest at the Australian BBSW 30-day Bill Rate plus 3.0%. Irrespective of the term of the agreements, both agreements provide the lender with the ability to call the loans on 90 days’ notice. These facilities are also guaranteed by our U.S. parent company up to $50.0 million. As of September 30, 2021, we had AU $37.9 million ($27.4 million) outstanding under the capital loan agreement and no outstanding borrowings under the working capital loan agreement.

Mortgage Facilities

We are party to several mortgages that bear interest at defined rates and require monthly principal and interest payments. These mortgage facilities also contain typical events of default, including non-payment of obligations, cross-defaults to our other material indebtedness, certain change of control events, and the loss or sale of certain franchises operated at the properties. Substantially all of the buildings and improvements on the properties financed pursuant to the mortgage facilities are subject to security interests granted to the lender. As of September 30, 2021, we owed $319.8 million of principal under our mortgage facilities.

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Derivatives and Hedging

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Derivatives and Hedging

Derivatives and Hedging

10. Derivatives and Hedging

Penske Australia sells vehicles, engines, parts and other products purchased from manufacturers in the U.S., Germany, and the U.K. In order to protect against exchange rate movements, Penske Australia enters into foreign exchange forward contracts against anticipated cash flows. The contracts are timed to mature when major shipments are scheduled to arrive in Australia and when receipt of payment from customers is expected. We classify our foreign exchange forward contracts as cash flow hedges and record them at fair value. We use Level 2 inputs to estimate the fair value of the foreign exchange forward contracts. The fair value of the contracts designated as hedging instruments was estimated to be an asset of $1.7 million and a liability of $2.5 million as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively.

The Company periodically uses interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk associated with the Company’s variable rate floor plan debt. In April 2020, we entered into a five-year interest rate swap agreement pursuant to which the LIBOR portion of $300.0 million of our U.S. floating rate floor plan debt is fixed at 0.5875%. This arrangement is in effect through April 2025. We may terminate this arrangement at any time, subject to the settlement at that time of the fair value of the swap arrangement.

The interest rate swap is designated as a cash flow hedge, and the related gain or loss is deferred in stockholders’ equity as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). Monthly contractual settlements of the position are recognized as Floorplan interest expense, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We had no gain or loss related to ineffectiveness recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. We use Level 2 inputs to estimate the fair value of the interest rate swap agreement. The fair value of the swap designated as a hedging instrument was estimated to be a net asset of $0.8 million as of September 30, 2021, and a net liability of $4.3 million as of December 31, 2020.

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

11. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

We are involved in litigation which may relate to claims brought by governmental authorities, issues with customers, and employment related matters, including class action claims and purported class action claims. As of September 30, 2021, we were not party to any legal proceedings, including class action lawsuits that, individually or in the aggregate,

are reasonably expected to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, the results of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, and an unfavorable resolution of one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

We lease land and facilities, including certain dealerships and office space. Pursuant to the leases for some of our larger facilities, we are required to comply with specified financial ratios, including a “rent coverage” ratio and a debt to EBITDA ratio, each as defined. For these leases, non-compliance with the ratios may require us to post collateral in the form of a letter of credit. A breach of the other lease covenants gives rise to certain remedies by the landlord, the most severe of which include the termination of the applicable lease and acceleration of the total rent payments due under the lease. Refer to the disclosures provided in Note 3 for further description of our leases.

We have sold a number of dealerships to third parties and, as a condition to certain of those sales, remain liable for the lease payments relating to the properties on which those businesses operate in the event of non-payment by the buyer. We are also party to lease agreements on properties that we no longer use in our retail operations that we have sublet to third parties. We rely on subtenants to pay the rent and maintain the property at these locations. In the event the subtenant does not perform as expected, we may not be able to recover amounts owed to us and we could be required to fulfill these obligations.

Our floor plan credit agreements with Mercedes Benz Financial Services Australia and Mercedes Benz Financial Services New Zealand (“MBA”) provide us revolving loans for the acquisition of commercial vehicles for distribution to our retail network. These facilities include a commitment to repurchase dealer vehicles in the event the dealer’s floor plan agreement with MBA is terminated.

We have $29.2 million of letters of credit outstanding as of September 30, 2021, and have posted $21.3 million of surety bonds in the ordinary course of business.

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Equity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Equity

Equity

12. Equity

During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we repurchased 2,027,531 shares of our common stock for $178.7 million, or an average of $88.15 per share, under our securities repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we repurchased 2,375,762 shares of our outstanding common stock for $206.9 million, or an average of $87.07 per share, under this program. In July 2021, our Board of Directors increased the authority delegated to management to repurchase our outstanding securities to $250.0 million, of which $71.3 million remains outstanding as of September 30, 2021. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, we acquired 2,100 shares of our common stock for $0.2 million, or an average of $75.49 per share, from employees in connection with a net share settlement feature of employee equity awards. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we acquired 149,176 shares of our common stock for $12.9 million, or an average of $86.78 per share, from employees in connection with a net share settlement feature of employee equity awards.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

13. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component and the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively, attributable to Penske Automotive Group common stockholders follows:

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

	Foreign
	Currency		Interest Rate
	Translation		Swaps		Other		Total
Balance at June 30, 2021	$	(133.3)	$	0.3	$	(14.8)	$	(147.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(42.2)		—		(0.5)		(42.7)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax benefit of $0.1		—		0.3		—		0.3
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(42.2)		0.3		(0.5)		(42.4)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	(175.5)	$	0.6	$	(15.3)	$	(190.2)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

	Foreign
	Currency		Interest Rate
	Translation		Swaps		Other		Total
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	(251.3)	$	(4.1)	$	(19.4)	$	(274.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		49.5		0.3		3.3		53.1
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax provision of $0.1		—		(0.2)		—		(0.2)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		49.5		0.1		3.3		52.9
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	(201.8)	$	(4.0)	$	(16.1)	$	(221.9)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

	Foreign
	Currency		Interest Rate
	Translation		Swaps		Other		Total
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	(135.5)	$	(3.2)	$	(21.9)	$	(160.6)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(40.0)		3.0		6.6		(30.4)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax benefit of $0.3		—		0.8		—		0.8
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(40.0)		3.8		6.6		(29.6)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	(175.5)	$	0.6	$	(15.3)	$	(190.2)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

	Foreign
	Currency		Interest Rate
	Translation		Swaps		Other		Total
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	(186.1)	$	—	$	(16.7)	$	(202.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(15.7)		(3.8)		0.6		(18.9)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax provision of $0.1		—		(0.2)		—		(0.2)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(15.7)		(4.0)		0.6		(19.1)
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	(201.8)	$	(4.0)	$	(16.1)	$	(221.9)

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Segment Information

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Segment Information

Segment Information

14. Segment Information

Our operations are organized by management into operating segments by line of business and geography. We have determined that we have four reportable segments as defined in generally accepted accounting principles for segment reporting: (i) Retail Automotive, consisting of our retail automotive dealership operations; (ii) Retail Commercial Truck, consisting of our retail commercial truck dealership operations in the U.S. and Canada; (iii) Other, consisting of our commercial vehicle and power systems distribution operations; and (iv) Non-Automotive Investments, consisting of our equity method investments in non-automotive operations which includes our investment in PTS. The Retail Automotive reportable segment includes all automotive dealerships and all departments relevant to the operation of the dealerships and our retail automotive joint ventures. The individual dealership operations included in the Retail Automotive reportable segment represent six operating segments: Eastern, Central, and Western United States, Used Vehicle Dealerships United States, International, and Used Vehicle Dealerships International. These operating segments have been aggregated into one reportable segment as their operations (A) have similar economic characteristics (all are automotive dealerships having similar margins), (B) offer similar products and services (all sell new and/or used vehicles, service, parts, and third-party finance and insurance products), (C) have similar target markets and customers (generally individuals), and (D) have similar distribution and marketing practices (all distribute products and services through dealership facilities that market to customers in similar fashions). Revenue and segment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 follows:

Three Months Ended September 30

	Retail		Retail Commercial				Non-Automotive		Intersegment
	Automotive		Truck		Other		Investments		Elimination		Total
Revenues
2021	$	5,634.9	$	717.3	$	145.1	$	—	$	—	$	6,497.3
2020		5,258.0	$	590.9	$	122.7	$	—	$	—	$	5,971.6
Segment income
2021	$	299.6	$	48.3	$	9.8	$	118.4	$	—	$	476.1
2020		215.4	$	23.4	$	8.3	$	64.5	$	—	$	311.6

Nine Months Ended September 30

	Retail		Retail Commercial				Non-Automotive		Intersegment
	Automotive		Truck		Other		Investments		Elimination		Total
Revenues
2021	$	17,039.4	$	1,777.3	$	441.9	$	—	$	—	$	19,258.6
2020		12,828.1	$	1,481.5	$	322.2	$	—	$	—	$	14,631.8
Segment income
2021	$	772.9	$	115.5	$	24.2	$	274.8	$	—	$	1,187.4
2020		268.5	$	51.7	$	16.1	$	108.0	$	—	$	444.3

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Interim Financial Statements (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Interim Financial Statements.

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated condensed financial statements of PAG have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Certain information and disclosures normally included in our annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the SEC rules and regulations. The information presented as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 is unaudited but includes all adjustments which our management believes to be necessary for the fair presentation of results for the periods presented. Results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year. These consolidated condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, which are included as part of our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Estimates

Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The accounts requiring the use of significant estimates include accounts receivable, inventories, income taxes, intangible assets, and certain reserves.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset, or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Accounting standards establish a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value and also establishes the following three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2	Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted market prices in markets that are not active, or model-derived valuations or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities
Level 3	Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities

Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, debt, floor plan notes payable, forward exchange contracts, and interest rate swaps used to hedge future cash flows. Other than our fixed rate debt, the carrying amount of all significant financial instruments approximates fair value due either to length of maturity, the existence of variable interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates, or as a result of mark to market accounting.

Our fixed rate debt consists of amounts outstanding under our senior subordinated notes and mortgage facilities. We estimate the fair value of our senior unsecured notes using quoted prices for the identical liability (Level 2), and we estimate the fair value of our mortgage facilities using a present value technique based on our current market interest rates for similar types of financial instruments (Level 2). A summary of our fixed rate debt is as follows:

	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025		544.3		561.3		543.2	$	554.6
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029		494.1		497.5		—		—
Mortgage facilities		319.8		326.1		458.1		474.7

During the second quarter of 2021, we issued $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029, the proceeds of which were used to redeem our $500 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026 on June 24, 2021. Refer to Note 9 “Long-Term Debt” for further discussion.

Discontinued Operations

Discontinued Operations

We had no entities newly classified as held for sale during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, or 2020 that met the criteria to be classified as discontinued operations. As such, results from discontinued operations represent only those businesses that were classified as discontinued operations prior to the adoption of ASU No. 2014-08 on January 1, 2015.

Disposals

Disposals

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we disposed of one retail automotive franchise. The results of operations for this business are included within continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020 as this franchise did not meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale and treated as discontinued operations.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Tax regulations may require items to be included in our tax return at different times than when those items are reflected in our financial statements. Some of the differences are permanent, such as expenses that are not deductible on our tax return, and some are temporary differences, such as the timing of depreciation expense. Temporary differences create deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets generally represent items that will be used as a tax deduction or credit in our tax return in future years which we have already recorded in our financial statements. Deferred tax liabilities generally represent deductions taken on our tax return that have not yet been recognized as an expense in our financial statements. We establish valuation allowances for our deferred tax assets if the amount of expected future taxable income is not more likely than not to allow for the use of the deduction or credit.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Reference Rate Reform

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” This ASU provides optional guidance for a limited time to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. Additionally, entities can elect to continue applying hedge accounting for hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform if certain conditions are met. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope.” This ASU refines the scope of ASC 848 and clarifies some of its guidance as part of the Board’s monitoring of global reference rate reform activities. The ASU permits entities to elect certain optional expedients and exceptions when accounting for derivative contracts and certain hedging relationships affected by changes in the interest rates used for discounting cash flows, for computing variation margin settlements, and for calculating price alignment interest in connection with reference rate reform activities. These new standards were effective upon issuance and generally can be applied to applicable contract modifications through December 31, 2022. While our credit facilities in the U.S. and U.K. and many of our floorplan arrangements utilize LIBOR as a benchmark for calculating the applicable interest rate, some of our floorplan arrangements have already transitioned to utilizing an alternative benchmark rate. We are continuing to evaluate the impact of the transition from LIBOR to alternative reference interest rates. We cannot predict the effect of the potential changes to or elimination of LIBOR, the establishment and use of alternative rates or benchmarks, and the corresponding effects on our cost of capital but do not expect a significant impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

Disclosures for Business Acquisitions, Dispositions, and Significant Subsidiaries

On May 20, 2020, the SEC issued a final rule that amends the financial statement requirements for acquisitions and dispositions of businesses, including the determinations of whether a subsidiary or an acquired or disposed business is significant. The significance test rule changes to SEC Regulation S-X, Rule 3-09 impact our disclosure requirements for equity method investments, including our investment in Penske Transportation Solutions (“PTS”) as it relates to providing audited financial statements and summarized financial statement information in our footnotes disclosures. The rule is effective January 1, 2021, but earlier compliance is permitted. The Company early adopted this rule in the fourth quarter of 2020.

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Interim Financial Statements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Interim Financial Statements.

Summary of carrying values and fair values of senior subordinated notes and fixed rate mortgage facilities

	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025		544.3		561.3		543.2	$	554.6
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029		494.1		497.5		—		—
Mortgage facilities		319.8		326.1		458.1		474.7

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Revenues (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Revenues

Schedule of accounts receivable and unearned revenues

	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Accounts receivable
Contracts in transit	$	203.9	$	254.0
Vehicle receivables		203.5		216.2
Manufacturer receivables		144.0		193.6
Trade receivables		169.4		135.3
Accrued expenses
Unearned revenues	$	262.7	$	262.9

Retail automotive dealership

Revenues

Schedule of disaggregation of revenues

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Retail Automotive Dealership Revenue	2021		2020		2021		2020
New vehicle	$	2,275.2	$	2,350.6	$	7,507.9	$	5,599.8
Used vehicle		2,302.3		1,954.1		6,437.9		4,739.8
Finance and insurance, net		202.7		174.4		583.8		415.8
Service and parts		555.3		521.8		1,604.7		1,380.3
Fleet and wholesale		299.4		257.1		905.1		692.4
Total retail automotive dealership revenue	$	5,634.9	$	5,258.0	$	17,039.4	$	12,828.1

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Retail Automotive Dealership Revenue	2021		2020		2021		2020
U.S.	$	3,271.2	$	2,780.7	$	9,890.5	$	7,288.4
U.K.		2,055.2		2,105.5		6,099.2		4,608.7
Germany and Italy		308.5		371.8		1,049.7		931.0
Total retail automotive dealership revenue	$	5,634.9	$	5,258.0	$	17,039.4	$	12,828.1

Retail commercial truck dealership

Revenues

Schedule of disaggregation of revenues

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Retail Commercial Truck Dealership Revenue	2021		2020		2021		2020
New truck	$	464.1	$	376.6	$	1,110.8	$	930.4
Used truck		81.2		63.9		191.2		135.4
Finance and insurance, net		4.8		4.1		11.7		10.5
Service and parts		160.9		122.1		442.8		358.1
Other		6.3		24.2		20.8		47.1
Total retail commercial truck dealership revenue	$	717.3	$	590.9	$	1,777.3	$	1,481.5

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Leases (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Leases

Summary of net operating lease cost

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Lease Cost
Operating lease cost (1)	$	62.8	$	64.4	$	187.1	$	184.9
Sublease income		(5.8)		(6.5)		(18.8)		(19.4)
Total lease cost	$	57.0	$	57.9	$	168.3	$	165.5

(1) Includes short-term leases and variable lease costs, which are immaterial.

Summary of supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases and weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate of leases

	Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2021		September 30, 2020
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases		186.9		174.2
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities		68.0		63.9

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate of our leases is as follows:

	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Lease Term and Discount Rate
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases		24 years	25 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		6.2%	6.4%

Schedule of maturity of lease liabilities

Maturity of Lease Liabilities	September 30, 2021
2021 (1)	$	66.2
2022		240.1
2023		236.1
2024		250.4
2025		228.2
2026		217.9
2027 and thereafter		4,170.5
Total future minimum lease payments	$	5,409.4
Less: Imputed interest		(2,974.3)
Present value of future minimum lease payments	$	2,435.1
Current operating lease liabilities (2)	$	94.0
Long-term operating lease liabilities		2,341.1
Total operating lease liabilities	$	2,435.1

(1) Excludes the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

(2) Included within “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” on Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2021.

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Inventories (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Inventories

Inventories

	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Retail automotive dealership new vehicles	$	763.6	$	1,810.9
Retail automotive dealership used vehicles		1,130.0		1,019.7
Retail automotive parts, accessories, and other		117.5		117.2
Retail commercial truck dealership vehicles and parts		315.2		223.1
Commercial vehicle distribution vehicles, parts, and engines		272.1		254.7
Total inventories	$	2,598.4	$	3,425.6

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Business Combinations (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Business Combinations

Summary of the aggregate consideration paid and the aggregate amounts of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed

	September 30,
	2021
Accounts receivable	$	—
Inventories		37.0
Other current assets		0.1
Property and equipment		62.8
Indefinite-lived intangibles		181.3
Other noncurrent assets		—
Current liabilities		(2.8)
Noncurrent liabilities		(0.4)
Total cash used in acquisitions	$	278.0

Summary of unaudited consolidated pro forma results of operations

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Revenues	$	6,497.3	$	6,093.4	$	19,364.3	$	14,903.4
Income from continuing operations		354.9		250.3		879.0		350.3
Net income		355.1		250.4		879.3		350.5
Income from continuing operations per diluted common share	$	4.46	$	3.11	$	10.95	$	4.36
Net income per diluted common share	$	4.47	$	3.11	$	10.95	$	4.36

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Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Intangible Assets

Summary of the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets

			Other Indefinite-
			Lived Intangible
	Goodwill		Assets
Balance, January 1, 2021	$	1,928.4	$	563.4
Additions		137.6		43.7
Disposals		(0.6)		—
Foreign currency translation		(14.5)		(6.4)
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	2,050.9	$	600.7

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Earnings Per Share

Reconciliation of number of shares used in calculation of basic and diluted earning per share

	Three Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
	2021	2020	2021	2020
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding	79,497,482	80,340,076	80,272,613	80,368,589
Effect of non-participatory equity compensation	25,845	40,000	25,845	40,000
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, including effect of dilutive securities	79,523,327	80,380,076	80,298,458	80,408,589

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Long-Term Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Long-Term Debt

Long Term Debt

	September 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
U.S. credit agreement — revolving credit line	$	—	$	108.0
U.K. credit agreement — revolving credit line		—		—
U.K. credit agreement — overdraft line of credit		—		—
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025		544.3		543.2
5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026		—		496.4
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029		494.1		—
Australia capital loan agreement		27.4		32.1
Australia working capital loan agreement		—		—
Mortgage facilities		319.8		458.1
Other		39.0		51.8
Total long-term debt		1,424.6		1,689.6
Less: current portion		(67.9)		(87.5)
Net long-term debt	$	1,356.7	$	1,602.1

Schedule of senior subordinated notes issuances

Description	Maturity Date	Interest Payment Dates	Principal Amount
3.50% Notes	September 1, 2025	February 15, August 15	$550 million
3.75% Notes	June 15, 2029	June 15, December 15	$500 million

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Schedule of the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) by component and the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to the entity's common stockholders

Three Months Ended September 30, 2021

	Foreign
	Currency		Interest Rate
	Translation		Swaps		Other		Total
Balance at June 30, 2021	$	(133.3)	$	0.3	$	(14.8)	$	(147.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(42.2)		—		(0.5)		(42.7)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax benefit of $0.1		—		0.3		—		0.3
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(42.2)		0.3		(0.5)		(42.4)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	(175.5)	$	0.6	$	(15.3)	$	(190.2)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020

	Foreign
	Currency		Interest Rate
	Translation		Swaps		Other		Total
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	(251.3)	$	(4.1)	$	(19.4)	$	(274.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		49.5		0.3		3.3		53.1
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax provision of $0.1		—		(0.2)		—		(0.2)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		49.5		0.1		3.3		52.9
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	(201.8)	$	(4.0)	$	(16.1)	$	(221.9)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021

	Foreign
	Currency		Interest Rate
	Translation		Swaps		Other		Total
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	(135.5)	$	(3.2)	$	(21.9)	$	(160.6)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(40.0)		3.0		6.6		(30.4)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax benefit of $0.3		—		0.8		—		0.8
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(40.0)		3.8		6.6		(29.6)
Balance at September 30, 2021	$	(175.5)	$	0.6	$	(15.3)	$	(190.2)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020

	Foreign
	Currency		Interest Rate
	Translation		Swaps		Other		Total
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	(186.1)	$	—	$	(16.7)	$	(202.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		(15.7)		(3.8)		0.6		(18.9)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) — net of tax provision of $0.1		—		(0.2)		—		(0.2)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		(15.7)		(4.0)		0.6		(19.1)
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	(201.8)	$	(4.0)	$	(16.1)	$	(221.9)

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Segment Information (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2021

Segment Information

Revenues and segment income by reportable segment

Three Months Ended September 30

	Retail		Retail Commercial				Non-Automotive		Intersegment
	Automotive		Truck		Other		Investments		Elimination		Total
Revenues
2021	$	5,634.9	$	717.3	$	145.1	$	—	$	—	$	6,497.3
2020		5,258.0	$	590.9	$	122.7	$	—	$	—	$	5,971.6
Segment income
2021	$	299.6	$	48.3	$	9.8	$	118.4	$	—	$	476.1
2020		215.4	$	23.4	$	8.3	$	64.5	$	—	$	311.6

Nine Months Ended September 30

	Retail		Retail Commercial				Non-Automotive		Intersegment
	Automotive		Truck		Other		Investments		Elimination		Total
Revenues
2021	$	17,039.4	$	1,777.3	$	441.9	$	—	$	—	$	19,258.6
2020		12,828.1	$	1,481.5	$	322.2	$	—	$	—	$	14,631.8
Segment income
2021	$	772.9	$	115.5	$	24.2	$	274.8	$	—	$	1,187.4
2020		268.5	$	51.7	$	16.1	$	108.0	$	—	$	444.3

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Interim Financial Statements - Business Overview (Details)	1 Months Ended			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2021 location	Sep. 30, 2021 item location	Apr. 30, 2021 item	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) item location	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) item location	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Interim Financial Statements
Total revenues | $				$ 6,497,300,000	$ 5,971,600,000	$ 19,258,600,000	$ 14,631,800,000
Number of acquired franchises						1
PTL
Interim Financial Statements
Ownership interest in Penske Truck Leasing Co (as a percent)						28.90%
KCFL
Interim Financial Statements
Number of full service dealerships added						4
Number of parts and service centers added						4
Number of collision centers added						2
Retail Automotive
Interim Financial Statements
Total number of owned and operated franchises		305		305		305
Number of owned and operated franchises in US		144		144		144
Number of owned and operated franchises outside US		161		161		161
Minimum number of vehicles retailed and wholesaled						433,000
Minimum number of vehicle brands offered						35
Retail Automotive | CarShop
Interim Financial Statements
Number of locations acquired | location	2
Retail Automotive | Nicole Group
Interim Financial Statements
Ownership acquired (as a percent)	51.00%
UK | Retail Automotive
Interim Financial Statements
Number of franchises disposed | $						1
UK | Retail Automotive | CarShop
Interim Financial Statements
Number of used vehicle supercenters operated in the U.K. | location		13		13		13
Number of locations acquired | location	1
U.S. | Retail Automotive
Interim Financial Statements
Number of acquired franchises | $						1
Number of franchises awarded to the reporting entity | $						1
U.S. | Retail Automotive | CarShop
Interim Financial Statements
Number of used vehicle supercenters operated in the U.S. | location		7		7		7
Number of locations acquired | location	1	1
Revenues | Geographic | U.S. and Puerto Rico
Interim Financial Statements
Automotive dealership revenue (as a percent)						58.00%
Revenues | Geographic | Outside the U.S.
Interim Financial Statements
Automotive dealership revenue (as a percent)						42.00%
PTL
Interim Financial Statements
Number of vehicles managed in fleet, minimum						350,000
Penske Corporation | PTL
Interim Financial Statements
Ownership interest in Penske Truck Leasing Co (as a percent)						41.10%
Mitsui and Co | PTL
Interim Financial Statements
Ownership interest in Penske Truck Leasing Co (as a percent)						30.00%
PTG | Retail Commercial Truck Dealership
Interim Financial Statements
Number of operating locations | location						35
Retail automotive dealership
Interim Financial Statements
Total revenues | $				$ 5,634,900,000	5,258,000,000.0	$ 17,039,400,000	12,828,100,000	$ 17,900,000,000
Retail automotive dealership | UK
Interim Financial Statements
Total revenues | $				2,055,200,000	2,105,500,000	6,099,200,000	4,608,700,000
Retail automotive dealership | U.S.
Interim Financial Statements
Total revenues | $				3,271,200,000	2,780,700,000	$ 9,890,500,000	7,288,400,000
Retail automotive dealership | Revenues | Premium brands
Interim Financial Statements
Automotive dealership revenue (as a percent)						70.00%
Retail commercial truck dealership
Interim Financial Statements
Total revenues | $				717,300,000	590,900,000	$ 1,777,300,000	1,481,500,000
Retail commercial truck dealership | KCFL
Interim Financial Statements
Number of full service dealerships added			4
Number of parts and service centers added			4
Number of collision centers added			2
Commercial vehicle distribution
Interim Financial Statements
Total revenues | $				$ 145,100,000	$ 122,700,000	$ 441,900,000	$ 322,200,000

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Interim Financial Statements - Fair Value, Assets Held For Sale, Discontinued Operations (Details) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) item entity	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($) entity	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Debt instrument, Carrying Value	$ 1,424.6			$ 1,689.6
Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
Number of entities newly classified as held for sale | entity	0	0
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.50%	3.50%		3.50%
Debt instrument, Carrying Value	$ 544.3			$ 543.2
Debt instrument, Fair Value	561.3			$ 554.6
Senior unsecured notes issued	$ 550.0
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.75%		3.75%	3.75%
Debt instrument, Carrying Value	$ 494.1
Debt instrument, Fair Value	497.5
Senior unsecured notes issued	$ 500.0		$ 500.0
5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.50%		5.50%	5.50%
Debt instrument, Carrying Value				$ 496.4
Senior unsecured notes issued	$ 500.0		$ 500.0
Repayments of senior subordinated notes	500.0
3.75% senior subordinated notes redeemed August 15, 2020
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Interest rate (as a percent)		3.75%
Repayments of senior subordinated notes		$ 300.0
Mortgage facilities
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Debt instrument, Carrying Value	319.8			458.1
Debt instrument, Fair Value	$ 326.1			$ 474.7
Retail Automotive Franchise | Disposal group, not discontinued operations
Disposals
Number of franchises disposed | item	1

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Revenues - Other Disclosures (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenues
Total revenues	$ 6,497.3	$ 5,971.6	$ 19,258.6	$ 14,631.8
Commercial vehicle distribution
Revenues
Total revenues	145.1	122.7	$ 441.9	322.2
Vehicle Sales | Retail Automotive and Retail Commercial Truck Dealership
Revenues
Payment period			30 days
Service and parts | Retail Automotive and Retail Commercial Truck Dealership
Revenues
Payment period			30 days
Finance and insurance, net | Retail Automotive and Retail Commercial Truck Dealership
Revenues
Payment period			30 days
Aggregate reserves relating to chargeback activity	32.2		$ 32.2		$ 28.7
Penske Australia | Commercial vehicle distribution
Revenues
Payment period			30 days
Penske Australia | Service and parts | Commercial vehicle distribution
Revenues
Total revenues	$ 69.5	$ 58.4	$ 210.7	$ 159.2

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Revenues - Retail Automotive Dealership (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020
Revenues
Total revenues	$ 6,497.3	$ 5,971.6	$ 19,258.6	$ 14,631.8
Retail automotive dealership
Revenues
Total revenues	5,634.9	5,258.0	17,039.4	12,828.1	$ 17,900.0
Retail automotive dealership | U.S.
Revenues
Total revenues	3,271.2	2,780.7	9,890.5	7,288.4
Retail automotive dealership | UK
Revenues
Total revenues	2,055.2	2,105.5	6,099.2	4,608.7
Retail automotive dealership | Germany and Italy
Revenues
Total revenues	308.5	371.8	1,049.7	931.0
New vehicle | Retail automotive dealership
Revenues
Total revenues	2,275.2	2,350.6	7,507.9	5,599.8
Used vehicle | Retail automotive dealership
Revenues
Total revenues	2,302.3	1,954.1	6,437.9	4,739.8
Finance and insurance, net | Retail automotive dealership
Revenues
Total revenues	202.7	174.4	583.8	415.8
Service and parts | Retail automotive dealership
Revenues
Total revenues	555.3	521.8	1,604.7	1,380.3
Fleet and wholesale | Retail automotive dealership
Revenues
Total revenues	$ 299.4	$ 257.1	$ 905.1	$ 692.4

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Revenues - Retail Commercial Truck Dealership (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Revenues
Total revenues	$ 6,497.3	$ 5,971.6	$ 19,258.6	$ 14,631.8
Retail commercial truck dealership
Revenues
Total revenues	717.3	590.9	1,777.3	1,481.5
New vehicle | Retail commercial truck dealership
Revenues
Total revenues	464.1	376.6	1,110.8	930.4
Used vehicle | Retail commercial truck dealership
Revenues
Total revenues	81.2	63.9	191.2	135.4
Finance and insurance, net | Retail commercial truck dealership
Revenues
Total revenues	4.8	4.1	11.7	10.5
Service and parts | Retail commercial truck dealership
Revenues
Total revenues	160.9	122.1	442.8	358.1
Other | Retail commercial truck dealership
Revenues
Total revenues	$ 6.3	$ 24.2	$ 20.8	$ 47.1

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Revenues - Commercial Vehicle Distribution (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Revenues
Total revenues	$ 6,497.3	$ 5,971.6	$ 19,258.6	$ 14,631.8
Commercial vehicle distribution
Revenues
Total revenues	$ 145.1	$ 122.7	$ 441.9	$ 322.2

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Revenues - Contract Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Contract Balances
Accounts receivable, net	$ 737.7	$ 806.9
Unearned revenues	262.7	262.9
Unearned revenue recognized as revenue	155.7
Contracts in transit
Contract Balances
Accounts receivable, net	203.9	254.0
Vehicle receivables
Contract Balances
Accounts receivable, net	203.5	216.2
Manufacturer receivables
Contract Balances
Accounts receivable, net	144.0	193.6
Trade receivables
Contract Balances
Accounts receivable, net	$ 169.4	$ 135.3

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Leases - Other (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Leases
Total undiscounted rent obligations	$ 5,409.4		$ 5,409.4
Sublease rent received	$ 5.8	$ 6.5	18.8	$ 19.4
Proceeds from sale-leaseback transactions			$ 0.0	$ 0.0
Property leases | Minimum
Leases
Initial lease period (in years)	5 years		5 years
Property leases | Maximum
Leases
Initial lease period (in years)	20 years		20 years
Equipment leases | Maximum
Leases
Initial lease period (in years)	5 years		5 years

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Leases - Net operating lease cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Lease Cost
Operating lease cost	$ 62.8	$ 64.4	$ 187.1	$ 184.9
Sublease income	(5.8)	(6.5)	(18.8)	(19.4)
Total lease cost	$ 57.0	$ 57.9	$ 168.3	$ 165.5

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Leases - Cash flow information, weighted average remaining term and discount rate (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 186.9	$ 174.2
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	$ 68.0	$ 63.9
Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases	0 years		25 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	6.20%		6.40%

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Leases - Maturity of lease liabilities (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)
Maturity of Lease Liabilities
2021	$ 66.2
2022	240.1
2023	236.1
2024	250.4
2025	228.2
2026	217.9
2027 and thereafter	4,170.5
Total future minimum lease payments	5,409.4
Less: Imputed interest	(2,974.3)
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 2,435.1

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Leases - Operating lease liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases
Current operating lease liabilities	$ 94.0
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Accrued Liabilities, Current
Long-term operating lease liabilities	$ 2,341.1	$ 2,350.3
Total operating lease liabilities	$ 2,435.1

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Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2020
Inventories
Retail automotive dealership new vehicles	$ 763.6		$ 763.6		$ 1,810.9
Retail automotive dealership used vehicles	1,130.0		1,130.0		1,019.7
Retail automotive parts, accessories and other	117.5		117.5		117.2
Retail commercial truck dealership vehicles and parts	315.2		315.2		223.1
Commercial vehicle distribution vehicles, parts and engines	272.1		272.1		254.7
Total inventories	2,598.4		2,598.4		$ 3,425.6
Interest credits and advertising assistance	$ 14.4	$ 13.6	$ 51.5	$ 37.8

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Business Combinations - Activity (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021 item
Business combinations
Number of acquired franchises	1
KCFL
Business combinations
Number of full service dealerships added	4
Number of parts and service centers added	4
Number of collision centers added	2

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Business Combinations - Consideration Paid and Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed (Details) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)
Summary of the aggregate consideration paid and the aggregate amounts of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed
Inventories	$ 37.0
Other current assets	0.1
Property and equipment	62.8
Indefinite-lived intangibles	181.3
Current liabilities	(2.8)
Noncurrent liabilities	(0.4)
Total cash used in acquisitions	$ 278.0

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Business Combinations - Pro Forma Information (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Summary of unaudited consolidated pro forma results of operations
Revenues	$ 6,497.3	$ 6,093.4	$ 19,364.3	$ 14,903.4
Income from continuing operations	354.9	250.3	879.0	350.3
Net income	$ 355.1	$ 250.4	$ 879.3	$ 350.5
Income from continuing operations per diluted common share (in dollars per share)	$ 4.46	$ 3.11	$ 10.95	$ 4.36
Net income per diluted common share (in dollars per share)	$ 4.47	$ 3.11	$ 10.95	$ 4.36

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Intangible Assets - Summary of Changes (Details) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)
Summary of the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets
Goodwill, Beginning balance	$ 1,928.4
Goodwill, Additions	137.6
Goodwill, Disposals	(0.6)
Goodwill, Foreign currency translation	(14.5)
Goodwill, Ending balance	2,050.9
Other indefinite-lived intangible assets, Beginning Balance	563.4
Other indefinite-lived intangible assets, Additions	43.7
Other indefinite-lived intangible assets, Foreign currency translation	(6.4)
Other indefinite-lived intangible assets, Ending Balance	$ 600.7

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Intangible Assets - Activity (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021 item
Retail Automotive | Disposal group, not discontinued operations
Intangible assets
Number of franchises disposed	1

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Intangible Assets - Information by Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Intangible assets
Goodwill	$ 2,050.9	$ 1,928.4
Retail automotive dealership
Intangible assets
Goodwill	1,602.2
Retail commercial truck dealership
Intangible assets
Goodwill	369.4
Other
Intangible assets
Goodwill	79.3
Non-Automotive Investments
Intangible assets
Goodwill	$ 0.0

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Vehicle Financing (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Vehicle Financing
Maturity period of floor plan arrangements outside the U.S. if not payable on demand	90 days
Weighted average interest rate on floor plan borrowings (as a percent)	1.20%	1.50%

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Earnings Per Share - (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Reconciliation of number of shares used in calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding	79,497,482	80,340,076	80,272,613	80,368,589
Effect of non-participatory equity compensation (in shares)	25,845	40,000	25,845	40,000
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, including effect of dilutive securities	79,523,327	80,380,076	80,298,458	80,408,589

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Long-Term Debt - Summary (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020
Long Term Debt
Total long-term debt	$ 1,424.6		$ 1,689.6
Less: current portion	(67.9)		(87.5)
Net long-term debt	1,356.7		1,602.1
US Credit Agreement Revolving Credit Line
Long Term Debt
Total long-term debt			108.0
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025
Long Term Debt
Total long-term debt	$ 544.3		$ 543.2
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.50%		3.50%	3.50%
5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026
Long Term Debt
Total long-term debt			$ 496.4
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.50%	5.50%	5.50%
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029
Long Term Debt
Total long-term debt	$ 494.1
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.75%	3.75%	3.75%
Australia capital loan agreement
Long Term Debt
Total long-term debt	$ 27.4		$ 32.1
Mortgage facilities
Long Term Debt
Total long-term debt	319.8		458.1
Other debt
Long Term Debt
Total long-term debt	$ 39.0		$ 51.8

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Long-Term Debt - Other (Details) £ in Millions, $ in Millions, $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021 AUD ($) item	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 GBP (£)	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 30, 2020
US Credit Agreement Revolving Credit Line
Debt Instrument
Maximum credit available		$ 800.0
Future borrowings available for foreign acquisitions		150.0
Maximum amount available for letters of credit		50.0
Incremental interest rate for uncollateralized borrowings in excess of maximum limit (as a percent)	1.25%
Balance outstanding under credit agreement		0.0
US Credit Agreement Revolving Credit Line | LIBOR
Debt Instrument
Base rate of interest on loans	1.75%
UK Credit Agreement Revolving Credit Line
Debt Instrument
Maximum credit available | £			£ 150.0
Additional facility capacity under accordion feature | £			100.0
Balance outstanding under credit agreement		$ 0.0
UK Credit Agreement Revolving Credit Line | Minimum | LIBOR
Debt Instrument
Line of credit basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	1.10%
UK Credit Agreement Revolving Credit Line | Maximum | LIBOR
Debt Instrument
Line of credit basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	2.10%
UK Credit Agreement Overdraft Line of Credit
Debt Instrument
Maximum credit available | £			52.0
Amount of demand overdraft lines of credit available during specified time periods each year | £			£ 40.0
Senior Subordinated Notes
Debt Instrument
Domestic Subsidiaries ownership guaranteeing obligations (as a percent)	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Change of control, redemption price as a percentage of principal	101.00%
Sale of assets, redemption price as percentage of principal	100.00%
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.50%	3.50%	3.50%		3.50%	3.50%
Principal amount		$ 550.0
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025 | Debt Instrument Redemption Period Prior To September 2022
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.50%	3.50%	3.50%
Redemption price as a percentage of principal	100.00%
Specified equity offerings, percentage of debt which may be redeemed	103.50%
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025 | Debt Instrument Redemption Period On or After September 2022
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.50%	3.50%	3.50%
3.50% senior subordinated notes due 2025 | Minimum | Debt Instrument Redemption Period Prior To September 2022
Debt Instrument
Specified equity offerings, percentage of debt which may be redeemed	40.00%
5.50% senior subordinated notes due 2026
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	5.50%	5.50%	5.50%	5.50%	5.50%
Principal amount		$ 500.0		$ 500.0
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.75%	3.75%	3.75%	3.75%	3.75%
Principal amount		$ 500.0		$ 500.0
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029 | Debt Instrument Redemption Period Prior to June 15, 2024
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.75%	3.75%	3.75%
Redemption price as a percentage of principal	100.00%
Specified equity offerings, percentage of debt which may be redeemed	40.00%
Certain equity offerings, redemption price as a percentage of principal	103.75%
3.75% senior subordinated notes due 2029 | Debt Instrument Redemption Period On or After June 15, 2024
Debt Instrument
Interest rate (as a percent)	3.75%	3.75%	3.75%
Australia capital loan agreement
Debt Instrument
Maximum credit available	$ 50.0
Debt term	5 years
Call period	90 days
Maximum amount of debt guaranteed by the Company's U.S. parent company	$ 50.0
Balance outstanding under credit agreement	$ 37.9	$ 27.4
Number of facilities | item	2
Australia capital loan agreement | Australian BBSW 30-Day Bill Rate
Debt Instrument
Base rate of interest on loans	30-day Bill Rate
Line of credit basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	3.00%
Australia working capital loan agreement
Debt Instrument
Maximum credit available	$ 50.0
Debt term	1 year
Call period	90 days
Maximum amount of debt guaranteed by the Company's U.S. parent company		50.0
Balance outstanding under credit agreement		0.0
Australia working capital loan agreement | Australian BBSW 30-Day Bill Rate
Debt Instrument
Base rate of interest on loans	30-day Bill Rate
Line of credit basis spread on variable rate (as a percent)	3.00%
Mortgage facilities
Debt Instrument
Balance outstanding under credit agreement		$ 319.8

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Derivatives and Hedging (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Forward foreign exchange contracts | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Derivative
Estimated liability of contracts designated as hedging instruments, fair value		$ 1.7	$ 1.7	$ 2.5
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
Derivative
Gain (loss) on derivatives		0.0	0.0
Interest Rate Swap Agreements | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2
Derivative
Estimated liability of contracts designated as hedging instruments, fair value				$ 4.3
Estimated asset of contracts designated as hedging instruments, fair value		$ 0.8	$ 0.8
Interest Rate Swap Agreements | Floating Rate Floor Plan Debt
Derivative
Derivative, term	5 years
Portion of floating rate floor plan debt fixed by swap agreements	$ 300.0
Interest rate swap, fixed (as a percent)	0.5875%

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Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)
Loss Contingencies
Letters of credit outstanding	$ 29.2
Surety bonds posted	$ 21.3

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Equity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Jul. 31, 2021
Securities Repurchase Program
Repurchase of common stock	$ 178.9	$ 0.2	$ 219.8	$ 34.4
Securities Repurchase Program
Securities Repurchase Program
Repurchased shares	2,027,531		2,375,762
Repurchase of common stock	$ 178.7		$ 206.9
Repurchased shares, average price (in dollars per share)	$ 88.15		$ 87.07
Amount authorized to be repurchased					$ 250.0
Remaining amount authorized to be repurchased	$ 71.3		$ 71.3
Acquired Employee Equity Awards
Securities Repurchase Program
Repurchased shares	2,100		149,176
Repurchase of common stock	$ 0.2		$ 12.9
Repurchased shares, average price (in dollars per share)	$ 75.49		$ 86.78

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020	Sep. 30, 2021	Sep. 30, 2020
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component
Balance at the beginning of the period			$ 3,302.5
Balance at the end of the period	$ 3,842.1		3,842.1
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income, tax benefit	0.1	$ 0.1	0.3	$ 0.1
Foreign Currency Translation
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component
Balance at the beginning of the period	(133.3)	(251.3)	(135.5)	(186.1)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(42.2)	49.5	(40.0)	(15.7)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	(42.2)	49.5	(40.0)	(15.7)
Balance at the end of the period	(175.5)	(201.8)	(175.5)	(201.8)
Interest Rate Swaps
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component
Balance at the beginning of the period	0.3	(4.1)	(3.2)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications		0.3	3.0	(3.8)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) - net of tax provision	0.3	(0.2)	0.8	(0.2)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	0.3	0.1	3.8	(4.0)
Balance at the end of the period	0.6	(4.0)	0.6	(4.0)
Other
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component
Balance at the beginning of the period	(14.8)	(19.4)	(21.9)	(16.7)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(0.5)	3.3	6.6	0.6
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	(0.5)	3.3	6.6	0.6
Balance at the end of the period	(15.3)	(16.1)	(15.3)	(16.1)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component
Balance at the beginning of the period	(147.8)	(274.8)	(160.6)	(202.8)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(42.7)	53.1	(30.4)	(18.9)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) - net of tax provision	0.3	(0.2)	0.8	(0.2)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)	(42.4)	52.9	(29.6)	(19.1)
Balance at the end of the period	$ (190.2)	$ (221.9)	$ (190.2)	$ (221.9)

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Segment Information (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) item	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information
Number of reportable segments | item			4
Number of operating segments | item			6
Revenues and segment income by reportable segment
Revenues	$ 6,497.3	$ 5,971.6	$ 19,258.6	$ 14,631.8
Segment income	476.1	311.6	$ 1,187.4	444.3
Operating segments
Segment Reporting Information
Number of reportable segments | item			1
Retail automotive dealership
Revenues and segment income by reportable segment
Revenues	5,634.9	5,258.0	$ 17,039.4	12,828.1	$ 17,900.0
Retail automotive dealership | Operating segments
Revenues and segment income by reportable segment
Revenues	5,634.9	5,258.0	17,039.4	12,828.1
Segment income	299.6	215.4	772.9	268.5
Retail commercial truck dealership
Revenues and segment income by reportable segment
Revenues	717.3	590.9	1,777.3	1,481.5
Retail commercial truck dealership | Operating segments
Revenues and segment income by reportable segment
Revenues	717.3	590.9	1,777.3	1,481.5
Segment income	48.3	23.4	115.5	51.7
Other | Operating segments
Revenues and segment income by reportable segment
Revenues	145.1	122.7	441.9	322.2
Segment income	9.8	8.3	24.2	16.1
Non-Automotive Investments | Operating segments
Revenues and segment income by reportable segment
Segment income	$ 118.4	$ 64.5	$ 274.8	$ 108.0