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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
We utilize our estimated annual effective tax rate to determine our provision for income taxes for interim periods. The income tax provision is computed by taking the estimated annual effective tax rate and multiplying it by the year-to-date pre-tax book income.
We recorded income tax expense of $1.4 million and $1.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 23.2% and 21.3% during the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to the non-deductibility of certain transactions in China as a result of the pending sale of our Guangzhou factory (Note 10).
We recorded income tax expense of $1.1 million and $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 18.9% and 21.3% during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The decrease in our effective tax rate was primarily due to the recognition of $0.4 million of excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation during the six months ended June 30, 2017 as a result of implementing ASU 2016-09.
At June 30, 2017, we had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $3.8 million, including interest and penalties, of which $3.5 million would affect the annual effective tax rate if these tax benefits are realized. Further, we are unaware of any positions for which it is reasonably possible that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change within the next twelve months. However, based on federal, state and foreign statute expirations in various jurisdictions, we anticipate a decrease in unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $0.1 million within the next twelve months. We have classified uncertain tax positions as non-current income tax liabilities unless expected to be paid within one year.
We have elected to classify interest and penalties as a component of tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties of $0.3 million and $0.3 million at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, are included in our unrecognized tax benefits.