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Segment Information (Tables)
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]  
Information on reportable segments, reconciliation to consolidated net income
Information on reportable segments and reconciliation to consolidated net income is as follows (in millions):
  
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2016
 
2017
North America
 
 
 
Net sales
$
16,996

 
$
20,992

Operating expenses
16,408

 
20,396

Operating income
$
588

 
$
596

 
 
 
 
International
 
 
 
Net sales
$
9,566

 
$
11,061

Operating expenses
9,687

 
11,542

Operating income (loss)
$
(121
)
 
$
(481
)
 
 
 
 
AWS
 
 
 
Net sales
$
2,566

 
$
3,661

Operating expenses
1,962

 
2,771

Operating income
$
604

 
$
890

 
 
 
 
Consolidated
 
 
 
Net sales
$
29,128

 
$
35,714

Operating expenses
28,057

 
34,709

Operating income
1,071

 
1,005

Total non-operating income (expense)
(15
)
 
(52
)
Provision for income taxes
(475
)
 
(229
)
Equity-method investment activity, net of tax
(68
)
 
—

Net income
$
513

 
$
724
Net sales by groups of similar products and services
Net sales by groups of similar products and services is as follows (in millions):
  
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2016
 
2017
Net Sales:
 
Retail products (1)
$
19,916

 
$
22,826

Retail third-party seller services (2)
4,801

 
6,438

Retail subscription services (3)
1,300

 
1,939

AWS
2,566

 
3,661

Other (4)
545

 
850

Consolidated
$
29,128

 
$
35,714

____________________________
(1)
Includes product sales and digital media content where we record revenue gross. We leverage our retail infrastructure to offer a wide selection of consumable and durable goods that includes electronics and general merchandise as well as media products available in both a physical and digital format, such as books, music, video, games, and software. These product sales include digital products sold on a transactional basis; digital product subscriptions that provide unlimited viewing or usage rights are included in Retail subscription services.
(2)
Includes commissions, related fulfillment and shipping fees, and other third-party seller services.
(3)
Includes annual and monthly fees associated with Amazon Prime membership, as well as audiobook, e-book, digital video, digital music, and other subscription services.
(4)
Includes sales not otherwise included above, such as certain advertising services and our co-branded credit card agreements.