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Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]  
Schedule of Pension and PRB Contributions
We made the following contributions to our pension and PRB plans’ trusts during the years ended December 31:
(dollars in millions)202220212020
U.S. qualified defined benefit plans$— $— $885 
International defined benefit plans69 42 125 
PRB plans25 17 15 
Schedule of Defined Benefit Plans Disclosures
PensionPRB
(dollars in millions)2022202120222021
Change in Benefit Obligation:
Beginning balance$67,214 $71,257 $1,370 $1,535 
Service cost attributable to continuing operations470 523 6 7 
Interest cost1,520 1,249 29 24 
Actuarial gain(15,466)(1,643)(294)(73)
Total benefits paid(1)
(4,328)(4,098)(166)(165)
Net settlement, curtailment and special termination benefits3 (89)(8)(11)
Plan amendments131 59 — — 
Business combinations and divestitures— 48 — — 
Other (2)
(516)(92)47 53 
Ending balance$49,028 $67,214 $984 $1,370 
Change in Plan Assets:
Beginning balance$63,323 $62,318 $389 $381 
Actual return on plan assets(10,841)4,983 (63)36 
Employer contributions(1)
306 289 98 95 
Total benefits paid(1)
(4,328)(4,098)(166)(165)
Settlements(4)(85)(8)(11)
Other (2)
(496)(84)52 53 
Ending balance$47,960 $63,323 $302 $389 
Funded Status:
Fair value of plan assets$47,960 $63,323 $302 $389 
Benefit obligations(49,028)(67,214)(984)(1,370)
Funded status of plan$(1,068)$(3,891)$(682)$(981)
Amounts Recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet Consist of:
Noncurrent assets$3,301 $3,214 $— $— 
Current liability(236)(232)(71)(78)
Noncurrent liability(4,133)(6,873)(611)(903)
Net amount recognized$(1,068)$(3,891)$(682)$(981)
Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss Consist of:
Net actuarial (gain) loss$2,950 $4,402 $(394)$(199)
Prior service credit(1,424)(1,715)(4)(6)
Net amount recognized$1,526 $2,687 $(398)$(205)
(1)    Includes benefit payments paid directly by the company.
(2)    The amount included in Other primarily reflects the impact of foreign exchange translation, primarily for plans in the United Kingdom (U.K.) and Canada, and participant contributions.
Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments
The table below reflects the total benefit payments expected to be paid from the plans or from corporate assets.
(dollars in millions)PensionPRB
2023$4,418 $107 
20243,796 100 
20253,780 94 
20263,734 89 
20273,671 84 
2028-203217,654 357 
Marketable Securities The fair value of marketable securities held in trusts as of December 31 was as follows:
(dollars in millions)20222021
Marketable securities held in trusts$774 $965 
Pension Plan [Member]  
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]  
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan with Accumulated Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets
Information for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets: 
(dollars in millions)20222021
Projected benefit obligation$22,116 $28,960 
Accumulated benefit obligation22,080 28,494 
Fair value of plan assets17,747 22,002 
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan with Projected Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets
Information for pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets: 
(dollars in millions)20222021
Projected benefit obligation$22,116 $31,471 
Accumulated benefit obligation22,080 30,745 
Fair value of plan assets17,747 24,366 
Schedule of Net Benefit Costs
The components of the net periodic pension (income) expense are as follows: 
(dollars in millions)202220212020
Operating expense
Service cost$470 $523 $483 
Non-operating expense
Interest cost1,520 1,249 1,650 
Expected return on plan assets(3,544)(3,476)(2,995)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)(163)(168)51 
Recognized actuarial net loss305 435 337 
Net settlement, curtailment and special termination benefits loss2 22 45 
Non-service pension income(1,880)(1,938)(912)
Total net periodic pension benefit (income) expense$(1,410)$(1,415)$(429)
Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Other changes in pension plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive loss in 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
(dollars in millions)20222021
Net actuarial gain arising during the period$(1,082)$(3,158)
Amortization of actuarial loss(305)(435)
Current year prior service cost131 59 
Amortization of prior service credit163 168 
Net settlement and curtailment 1 (17)
Other (1)
(69)(6)
Total recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss(1,161)(3,389)
Net recognized in net periodic benefit (income) cost and other comprehensive (income) loss$(2,571)$(4,804)
(1)    The amount included in Other primarily reflects the impact of foreign exchange translation, primarily for plans in the U.K. and Canada.
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions
Major assumptions used in determining the pension benefit obligation and net periodic pension benefit (income) expense are presented in the following table as weighted-averages: 
Benefit ObligationNet Periodic Benefit (Income) Expense
20222021202220212020
Discount rate
PBO5.5 %2.8 %2.8 %2.5 %3.2 %
Interest cost (1)
N/AN/A2.3 %1.8 %2.8 %
Service cost (1)
N/AN/A3.1 %2.8 %3.5 %
Salary scale4.4 %4.4 %4.4 %4.4 %4.3 %
Expected return on plan assetsN/AN/A6.5 %6.5 %6.5 %
Interest crediting rate4.5 %4.0 %4.0 %3.8 %3.8 %
(1)    The discount rates used to measure the service cost and interest cost applies to our significant plans. The PBO discount rate is used for the service cost and interest cost measurements for non-significant plans.
Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets
The fair values of pension plan assets at December 31, 2022 and 2021 by asset category are as follows:
(dollars in millions)Quoted Prices in Active Markets For Identical Assets
(Level 1)		Significant Observable Inputs
(Level 2) 		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Not Subject to Leveling(8)
Total
Asset Category:
Public Equities
Global Equities$6,194 $5 $— $— $6,199 
Global Equity Commingled Funds (1)
20 568 — — 588 
Enhanced Global Equities (2)
(53)75 — — 22 
Other Public Equities— — — 5,771 5,771 
Private Equities (3)
— — — 4,068 4,068 
Fixed Income Securities
Governments2,526 1,426 — — 3,952 
Corporate Bonds1 12,638 — — 12,639 
Structured Products
— 57 — — 57 
Other Fixed Income— — — 6,975 6,975 
Real Estate (4)
— — 1,650 1,761 3,411 
Other (5)
— 84 — 3,071 3,155 
Cash & Cash Equivalents (6)
— 150 — 164 314 
Subtotal$8,688 $15,003 $1,650 $21,810 $47,151 
Other Assets & Liabilities (7)
   809 
Total at December 31, 2022
$47,960 
Public Equities
Global Equities$9,411 $6 $— $— $9,417 
Global Equity Commingled Funds (1)
3 929 — — 932 
Enhanced Global Equities (2)
46 163 — — 209 
Other Public Equities— — — 8,495 8,495 
Private Equities (3)
— — — 4,490 4,490 
Fixed Income Securities
Governments1,933 1,172 — — 3,105 
Corporate Bonds1 18,681 — — 18,682 
Structured Products
— 25 — — 25 
Other Fixed Income— — — 7,367 7,367 
Real Estate (4)
— — 1,885 1,743 3,628 
Other (5)
— 91 — 5,351 5,442 
Cash & Cash Equivalents (6)
— 111 — 220 331 
Subtotal$11,394 $21,178 $1,885 $27,666 $62,123 
Other Assets & Liabilities (7)
   1,200 
Total at December 31, 2021
$63,323 
(1)    Represents commingled funds that invest primarily in common stocks.
(2)    Represents enhanced equity separate account and commingled fund portfolios. A portion of the portfolio may include long-short market neutral and relative value strategies that invest in publicly traded, equity and fixed income securities, as well as derivatives of equity and fixed income securities and foreign currency.
(3)    Represents limited partnership investments with general partners that primarily invest in equity and debt.
(4)    Represents investments in real estate including commingled funds and directly held properties.
(5)    Represents global balanced risk commingled funds that invest in multiple asset classes including equity, fixed income and some commodities. “Other” also includes insurance contracts.
(6)    Represents short-term commercial paper, bonds and other cash or cash-like instruments.
(7)    Represents receivables, payables and certain individually immaterial international plan assets that are not leveled.
(8)    In accordance with ASU 2015-07, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table are intended to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts presented for the total pension benefits plan assets.
Schedule of Effect of Significant Unobservable Inputs, Changes in Plan Assets
The fair value measurement of plan assets using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) changed due to the following:
(dollars in millions)Corporate BondsReal EstateTotal
Balance, December 31, 2020
$2 $1,647 $1,649 
Realized gains— 212 212 
Unrealized gains relating to instruments still held in the reporting period— 50 50 
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net— (24)(24)
Transfers in/out, net(2)— (2)
Balance, December 31, 2021
— 1,885 1,885 
Realized gains — 76 76 
Unrealized gains relating to instruments still held in the reporting period— 64 64 
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net— (211)(211)
Transfers in/out, net— (164)(164)
Balance, December 31, 2022
$— $1,650 $1,650 
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]  
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Table Text Block [Line Items]  
Schedule of Net Benefit Costs
The components of the net periodic PRB (income) expense are as follows:
(dollars in millions)202220212020
Operating expense
Service cost$6 $7 $6 
Non-operating expense
Interest cost29 24 37 
Expected return on plan assets(22)(21)(13)
Amortization of prior service credit(2)(3)(3)
Recognized actuarial net gain(11)(6)(12)
Net settlement, curtailment and special termination benefits (gain) loss(3)— 1 
Non-service pension (income) expense(9)(6)10 
Total net periodic PRB benefit (income) expense$(3)$1 $16 
Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Other changes in PRB assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive loss in 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
(dollars in millions)20222021
Net actuarial gain arising during the period$(209)$(88)
Amortization of actuarial gain11 6 
Amortization of prior service credit2 3 
Net settlement and curtailment 3 — 
Total recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss(193)(79)
Net recognized in net periodic benefit (income) cost and other comprehensive loss$(196)$(78)
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions
Major assumptions used in determining the PRB benefit obligation and net periodic PRB (income) expense are presented in the following table as weighted-averages: 
 Benefit ObligationNet Periodic Benefit (Income) Expense
20222021202220212020
Discount rate5.5 %2.8 %2.8 %2.4 %3.1 %
Expected return on assetsN/AN/A5.7 %5.7 %5.7 %
Assumed health care cost trend rates used in determining the PRB benefit obligation and net periodic PRB (income) expense are as follows:
20222021
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year5.0 %4.7 %
Ultimate health care cost trend rate4.2 %4.2 %
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate health care cost trend rate20292026