Acquisitions, Dispositions, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Business Acquisitions and Dispositions. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, our investment in business acquisitions was $125 million, and primarily consisted of an acquisition at Pratt & Whitney.

On September 4, 2017, we announced that we had entered into a merger agreement with Rockwell Collins, Inc. (Rockwell Collins), under which we agreed to acquire Rockwell Collins. Under the terms of the merger agreement, each Rockwell Collins shareowner will receive $93.33 per share in cash and a fraction of a share of UTC common stock equal to the quotient obtained by dividing $46.67 by the average of the volume-weighted average prices per share of UTC common stock on the NYSE on each of the 20 consecutive trading days ending with the trading day immediately prior to the closing date, (the “UTC Stock Price”), subject to adjustment based on a two-way collar mechanism as described below (the “Stock Consideration”). The cash and UTC stock payable in exchange for each such share of Rockwell Collins common stock are collectively the “Merger Consideration.” The fraction of a share of UTC common stock into which each such share of Rockwell Collins common stock will be converted is the “Exchange Ratio.” The Exchange Ratio will be determined based upon the UTC Stock Price. If the UTC Stock Price is greater than $107.01 but less than $124.37, the Exchange Ratio will be equal to the quotient of (i) $46.67 divided by (ii) the UTC Stock Price, which, in each case, will result in the Stock Consideration having a value equal to $46.67. If the UTC Stock Price is less than or equal to $107.01 or greater than or equal to $124.37, then a two-way collar mechanism will apply, pursuant to which, (x) if the UTC Stock Price is greater than or equal to $124.37, the Exchange Ratio will be fixed at 0.37525 and the value of the Stock Consideration will be greater than $46.67, and (y) if the UTC Stock Price is less than or equal to $107.01, the Exchange Ratio will be fixed at 0.43613 and the value of the Stock Consideration will be less than $46.67. On January 11, 2018, the merger was approved by Rockwell Collins' shareowners. We currently expect that the merger will be completed mid-year 2018, subject to customary closing conditions, including the receipt of required regulatory approvals.

We anticipate that approximately $15 billion will be required to pay the aggregate cash portion of the Merger Consideration. We expect to fund the cash portion of the Merger Consideration through debt issuances and cash on hand. Additionally, we have entered into a $6.5 billion 364-day unsecured bridge loan credit agreement that would be funded only to the extent certain anticipated debt issuances are not completed prior to the completion of the merger. We expect to assume approximately $7 billion of Rockwell Collins' outstanding debt upon completion of the merger.

Goodwill. Changes in our goodwill balances for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 were as follows:



(dollars in millions)	Balance as of January 1, 2018		Goodwill Resulting from Business Combinations		Foreign Currency Translation and Other			Balance as of March 31, 2018
Otis	$	1,737	$	—	$	39		$	1,776
UTC Climate, Controls & Security	10,009		1		229			10,239
Pratt & Whitney	1,511		56		(2		)	1,565
UTC Aerospace Systems	14,650		—		106			14,756
Total Segments	27,907		57		372			28,336
Eliminations and other	3		—		—			3
Total	$	27,910	$	57	$	372		$	28,339

Intangible Assets. Identifiable intangible assets are comprised of the following:



	March 31, 2018					December 31, 2017
(dollars in millions)	Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Amortized:
Service portfolios	$	2,285	$	(1,636	)	$	2,178	$	(1,534	)
Patents and trademarks	408		(243		)	399		(233		)
Collaboration intangible assets	4,198		(444		)	4,109		(384		)
Customer relationships and other	13,536		(4,233		)	13,352		(4,100		)
	20,427		(6,556		)	20,038		(6,251		)
Unamortized:
Trademarks and other	2,124		—			2,096		—
Total	$	22,551	$	(6,556	)	$	22,134	$	(6,251	)

Customer relationship intangible assets include payments made to our customers to secure certain contractual rights. Such payments are capitalized when distinct rights are obtained and sufficient incremental cash flows to support the recoverability of the assets have been established. Otherwise, the applicable portion of the payments are expensed. We amortize these intangible assets based on the underlying pattern of economic benefit, which may result in an amortization method other than straight-line. In the aerospace industry, amortization based on the pattern of economic benefit generally results in lower amortization expense during the development period with amortization expense increasing as programs enter full production and aftermarket cycles. If a pattern of economic benefit cannot be reliably determined, a straight-line amortization method is used. We classify amortization of such payments as a reduction of sales. The collaboration intangible assets are amortized based upon the pattern of economic benefits as represented by the underlying cash flows.

Amortization of intangible assets was $223 million and $205 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The following is the expected amortization of intangible assets for the years 2018 through 2023, which reflects the pattern of expected economic benefit on certain aerospace intangible assets.



(dollars in millions)	Remaining 2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		2023
Amortization expense	$	684	$	875	$	894	$	902	$	889	$	906