Income Taxes
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Dec. 31, 2013
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Income Taxes | (7) Income Taxes
The components of income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes are as follows
The components of income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income were as follows:
The following is a reconciliation of the federal income tax expense at the statutory rate of 34% to the effective income tax expense:
In 2011, we determined that a number of assets and their associated leases qualify for exclusion from federal taxable income under the Extraterritorial Income Exclusion rules, resulting in a reduction in the federal effective tax rate in those years. In 2012, these assets and their associated leases no longer qualify for exclusion from federal taxable income under the Extraterritorial Income Exclusion rules.
In 2011, the Company’s effective tax rate was reduced by $1.1 million related to a change in California state tax law enacted during 2009 regarding state apportionment of income which became effective in 2011.
In 2013, we recorded an income tax benefit of $8.7 million related to an extraterritorial income (“ETI”) adjustment for certain of our engines. We recognized this income tax benefit in the current period resulting from adjustments made to the tax basis of certain of our engines due to a decision in a recent court case on behalf of another company in which our circumstances are similar. The Company records tax expense or benefit for unusual or infrequent items discretely in the period in which they occur.
The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits:
As of December 31, 2013, we reserved $0.2 million for the benefit resulting from the Extraterritorial Income Exclusion noted above. As of December 31, 2012 and 2011, we reserved $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, for tax exposure in Europe, no reserve was established as of December 31, 2013 for the exposure in Europe. If the Company is able to eventually recognize these uncertain tax positions, all of the unrecognized benefit would reduce the Company’s effective tax rate.
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented below:
As of December 31, 2013, we had net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $103.6 million for federal tax purposes and $19.2 million for state tax purposes. The federal net operating loss carry forwards will expire at various times from 2022 to 2033 and the state net operating loss carry forwards will expire at various times from 2016 to 2023. The Company’s ability to utilize the net operating loss and tax credit carry forwards in the future may be subject to restriction in the event of past or future ownership changes as defined in Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code and similar state tax law. As of December 31, 2013, we also had alternative minimum tax credit of approximately $0.3 million for federal income tax purposes which has no expiration date and which should be available to offset future regular tax liabilities. Management believes that no valuation allowance is required on deferred tax assets, as it is more likely than not that all amounts are recoverable through future taxable income.
Deferred tax assets relating to tax benefits of employee stock option grants have been reduced to reflect exercises in 2013. Some exercises resulted in tax deductions in excess of previously recorded benefits based on the option value at the time of grant (“windfall”). Although these additional tax benefits are reflected in net operating tax loss carryforwards, pursuant to ASC 718, in the amount of $0.5 million as of December 31, 2013, the additional tax benefit associated with the windfall is not recognized until the deduction reduces taxes payable. The tax effect of windfalls included in net operating loss carryforwards but not reflected in deferred tax assets for 2013 are $0.2 million and will be recorded to paid in capital when recognized. |