2.	Fair Value

Fair value is the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements are generally based upon observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs are based on market data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s view of market assumptions in the absence of observable market information. All assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value are classified and disclosed in one of the following categories:

Level 1 -

Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 -

Quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices by independent pricing services for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and valuations, using models or other valuation techniques, that use observable market data. All significant inputs are observable, or derived from observable information in the marketplace, or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace.

Level 3 -

Instruments that use non-binding broker quotes or model driven valuations that do not have observable market data.

NAV - Calculated net asset value (“NAV”) based on an ownership interest to which a proportionate share of net assets is attributed.

The Company categorizes valuation methods used in both its identifiable intangible assets initial measurement and impairment tests as Level 3. To determine the fair value of acquired trademarks and trade names, the Company uses the relief-from-royalty method, which requires the Company to estimate the future revenue for the related brands, the appropriate royalty rate and the weighted average cost of capital. To determine the fair value of the acquired policy renewal rights and customer relationships, the Company uses an “excess earnings” method that relied on projected future net cash flows and included key assumptions for the customer retention and renewal rates. The data used in these methods is not observable in the market.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying values and fair values of certain of the Company’s financial instruments were as follows (in thousands).

	December 31, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
	Value		Value		Value		Value
Assets:
Investments, available-for-sale	$	129,945	$	129,945	$	117,212	$	117,212
Other investments		9,750		9,750		9,994		9,994
Liabilities:
Debentures payable		40,348		21,248		40,302		11,488
Term loan from principal stockholder		29,805		26,691		29,779		15,000

The fair values as presented represent the Company’s best estimates and may not be substantiated by comparisons to independent markets. The fair value of the debentures payable and the term loan from principal shareholder are categorized as Level 3, since they were based on current market rates offered for debt with similar risks and maturities, an unobservable input categorized as Level 3. Carrying values of certain financial instruments, such as cash and cash equivalents and premiums, fees, and commissions receivable, approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of the instruments and are not required to be disclosed. Therefore, the aggregate of the fair values presented in the preceding table does not purport to represent the Company’s underlying value.

The following tables present the fair-value measurements for each major category of assets that are measured on a recurring basis (in thousands). Certain other investments are carried at net asset value which approximates fair value.

			Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices		Significant
			in Active		Other		Significant		Proportionate
			Markets for		Observable		Unobservable		Share of
			Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs		Net Assets
December 31, 2017	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		(NAV)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. government and agencies	$	19,347	$	19,347	$	—	$	—	$	—
Political subdivisions		4,083		—		4,083		—		—
Revenue and assessment		5,318		—		5,318		—		—
Corporate bonds		42,975		—		42,975		—		—
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Agency backed		39,104		—		39,104		—		—
Non-agency backed – residential		2,670		—		2,670		—		—
Non-agency backed – commercial		405		—		405		—		—
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale		113,902		19,347		94,555		—		—
Preferred stock, available-for-sale		3,104		3,104		—		—		—
Mutual funds, available-for-sale		12,939		12,939		—		—		—
Total investments, available-for-sale		129,945		35,390		94,555		—		—
Other investments		9,750		—		—		4,750		5,000
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		115,477		115,477		—		—		—
Total	$	255,172	$	150,867	$	94,555	$	4,750	$	5,000

			Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices		Significant
			in Active		Other		Significant		Proportionate
			Markets for		Observable		Unobservable		Share of
			Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs		Net Assets
December 31, 2016	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)		(NAV)
Fixed maturities, available-for-sale:
U.S. government and agencies	$	18,951	$	18,951	$	—	$	—	$	—
Political subdivisions		4,165		—		4,165		—		—
Revenue and assessment		5,683		—		5,683		—		—
Corporate bonds		45,540		—		45,540		—		—
Collateralized mortgage obligations:
Agency backed		22,422		—		22,422		—		—
Non-agency backed – residential		2,933		—		2,933		—		—
Non-agency backed – commercial		1,895		—		1,895		—		—
Total fixed maturities, available-for-sale		101,589		18,951		82,638		—		—
Preferred stock, available-for-sale		3,112		3,112		—		—		—
Mutual funds, available-for-sale		12,511		12,511		—		—		—
Total investments, available-for-sale		117,212		34,574		82,638		—		—
Other investments		9,994		—		—		4,858		5,136
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		118,681		118,681		—		—		—
Total	$	245,887	$	153,255	$	82,638	$	4,858	$	5,136

The fair values of the Company’s investments are determined by management after taking into consideration available sources of data. All of the portfolio valuations classified as Level 1 or Level 2 in the above tables are priced exclusively by utilizing the services of independent pricing sources using observable market data. The Level 2 classified security valuations are obtained from a single independent pricing service. The Level 3 classified security in the table above consists of an investment in the common stock of a REIT for which fair value at December 31, 2017 has been determined using a recent observable market transaction and at December 31, 2016 using a model-driven valuation that did not have observable market data. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 for years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between levels at the end of the reporting period based on specific identification. The Company has not made any adjustments to the prices obtained from the independent pricing source.

The Company has reviewed the pricing techniques and methodologies of the independent pricing service for Level 2 investments and believes that its policies adequately consider market activity, either based on specific transactions for the security valued or based on modeling of securities with similar credit quality, duration, yield and structure that were recently traded. The Company monitored security-specific valuation trends and has made inquiries with the pricing service about material changes or the absence of expected changes to understand the underlying factors and inputs and to validate the reasonableness of the pricing. Likewise, the Company reviews the Level 3 valuation model to understand the underlying factors and inputs and to validate the reasonableness of the pricing.

The following table represents the quantitative disclosure for those assets classified as Level 3 during the year ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands).

	Fair Value
	Measurements Using
	Significant Unobservable
	Inputs (Level 3)

	Common Stock
	at Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	4,858
Gains included in net loss		—
Losses included in comprehensive loss		(186	)
Investments and capital calls		78
Distributions received		—
Transfers into and out of Level 3		—
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	4,750