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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
Effective Tax Rate
The effective income tax rate is influenced by a variety of factors including the geographic and functional sources of income and the relative magnitude of these sources of income. The difference between the total provision and the sum of the amounts allocated to segments is reported in the “Not Allocated to Segments” column of the tables in Note 7.
Our effective income tax rates for the first six months of 2016 and 2015 were 37% and 18%.  In Libya, considerable uncertainty remains around the timing of future production and sales levels. Reliable estimates of 2016 and 2015 Libyan annual ordinary income from our operations could not be made, and the range of possible scenarios in the worldwide annual effective tax rate calculation demonstrates significant variability. Thus, the tax benefit applicable to Libyan ordinary loss was recorded as a discrete item in the first six months of 2016 and 2015.  For the first six months of 2016 and 2015, estimated annual effective tax rates were calculated excluding Libya and applied to consolidated ordinary income (loss). Excluding Libya, the effective tax rates would be 36% and 15% for the first six months of 2016 and 2015. The change was driven by a shift in jurisdictional income and tax legislation enacted by the Alberta government on June 29, 2015 to increase the provincial corporate tax rate from 10% to 12%.  As a result of this legislation, we recorded additional non-cash deferred tax expense of $135 million in the second quarter of 2015.  
Deferred Tax Assets
In connection with our assessment of the realizability of our deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of our deferred tax assets will not be realized.  In the event it is more likely than not that some portion or all of our deferred taxes will not be realized, such assets are reduced by a valuation allowance. Future increases to our valuation allowance are possible if our estimates and assumptions (particularly as they relate to our long-term commodity price forecast) are revised such that they reduce estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period.