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Income taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Income taxes [Abstract]  
Income taxes
8. Income taxes

We recorded an income tax benefit for the second quarter of 2022 of $870 thousand at an effective tax rate of (26.8%), compared to an income tax benefit for the second quarter of 2021 of $664 thousand at an effective tax rate of (24.6%).  For the six months ended June 30, 2022,  we recorded an income tax benefit of $2.2 million at an effective tax rate of (24.9%), compared to an income tax benefit for the six months ended June 30, 2021 of $1.2 million at an effective tax rate of (22.4%).

We are subject to U.S. federal income tax, as well as income tax in certain U.S. states and foreign jurisdictions.  We have substantially concluded all U.S. federal, state and local income tax, and foreign tax regulatory examination matters through 2017.  However, our federal tax returns for the years 2018 through 2021 remain open to examination. Various state and foreign tax jurisdiction tax years remain open to examination as well, though we believe that any additional assessment would be immaterial to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

As of June 30, 2022, we had $144 thousand of total gross unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in future periods.

We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in the income tax provision reported as “Deferred Tax Assets” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of June 30, 2022, we had $29 thousand of accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions.  The Company maintains a valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets where realization is not likely.