Income taxes	9 Months Ended
Income taxes	Sep. 30, 2020
Income taxes [Abstract]
Income taxes	10. Income taxes We recorded an income tax benefit for the third quarter of 2020 of $515 thousand at an effective tax rate of 37.3%, compared to an income tax benefit for the third quarter of 2019 of $143 thousand at an effective tax rate of (59.3%). For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded an income tax benefit of $1.9 million at an effective tax rate of 33.9%, compared to an income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 of $54 thousand at an effective tax rate of (4.3%). The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 were higher than usual as it included the impact of the net operating loss (“NOL”) that we expect to carry back to prior years. The CARES Act permits NOLs incurred in 2018, 2019 and 2020 to be carried back to each of the five preceding taxable years to generate a refund of previously paid income taxes. We expect to generate a NOL for 2020 which we will carry back to tax years that had a federal statutory tax rate of 34% compared to 21% in 2020. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 were lower than usual as it included the foreign-derived intangible income (“FDII”) deduction under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 as well as near breakeven pre-tax income in the third quarter of 2019. We are subject to U.S. federal income tax, as well as income tax in certain U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions. We have substantially concluded all U.S. federal, state and local income tax, and foreign tax regulatory examination matters through 2016. However, our federal tax returns for the years 2017 through 2019 remain open to examination. Various state and foreign tax jurisdiction tax years remain open to examination as well, though we believe that any additional assessment would be immaterial to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. As of September 30, 2020, we had $80 thousand of total gross unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in any future periods. For the third quarter of 2020, we recognized $27 thousand of previously unrecognized tax benefits as the statute of limitations on the use of our 2016 resarch and development credit expired during the third quarter of 2020. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as income tax (benefit) provision. As of September 30, 2020, we had $15 thousand of accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The Company maintains a valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets to reduce the future income tax benefits to expected realizable amounts.

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.