Income taxes	3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Income taxes [Abstract]
Income taxes	10. Income taxes We recorded an income tax benefit for the first quarter of 2020 of $465 thousand at an effective tax rate of 31.9%, compared to an income tax provision during the first quarter of 2019 of $115 thousand at an effective tax rate of 13.4%. The effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2020 was higher as it included the impact of our anticipated net operating loss (“NOL”) that we expect to incur during 2020 and to carry back to prior years, which was recorded discretely. The CARES Act was enacted on March 27, 2020 and permits NOLs incurred in 2018, 2019 and 2020 to be carried back to each of the five preceding taxable years to generate a refund of previously paid income taxes. We expect to generate a NOL in 2020 which we will carry back to tax years that had a federal statutory tax rate of 34% compared to 21% in 2020. We are subject to U.S. federal income tax, as well as income tax in certain U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions. We have substantially concluded all U.S. federal, state and local income tax, and foreign tax regulatory examination matters through 2015. However, our federal tax returns for the years 2016 through 2018 remain open to examination. Various U.S. state and foreign tax jurisdiction tax years remain open to examination as well, but we believe that any additional assessment would be immaterial to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. As of March 31, 2020, we had $107 thousand of total gross unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in any future periods. We expect that $27 thousand of the $107 thousand of unrecognized tax benefits will reverse in 2020 upon the expiration of the statute of limitations. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in the income tax provision reported as "Deferred tax assets" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of March 31, 2020, we had $21 thousand of accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The Company maintains a valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets where realization is not certain.

10. Income taxes

We recorded an income tax benefit for the first quarter of 2020 of $465 thousand at an effective tax rate of 31.9%, compared to an income tax provision during the first quarter of 2019 of $115 thousand at an effective tax rate of 13.4%. The effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2020 was higher as it included the impact of our anticipated net operating loss (“NOL”) that we expect to incur during 2020 and to carry back to prior years, which was recorded discretely. The CARES Act was enacted on March 27, 2020 and permits NOLs incurred in 2018, 2019 and 2020 to be carried back to each of the five preceding taxable years to generate a refund of previously paid income taxes. We expect to generate a NOL in 2020 which we will carry back to tax years that had a federal statutory tax rate of 34% compared to 21% in 2020.

We are subject to U.S. federal income tax, as well as income tax in certain U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions. We have substantially concluded all U.S. federal, state and local income tax, and foreign tax regulatory examination matters through 2015. However, our federal tax returns for the years 2016 through 2018 remain open to examination. Various U.S. state and foreign tax jurisdiction tax years remain open to examination as well, but we believe that any additional assessment would be immaterial to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

As of March 31, 2020, we had $107 thousand of total gross unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in any future periods. We expect that $27 thousand of the $107 thousand of unrecognized tax benefits will reverse in 2020 upon the expiration of the statute of limitations.

We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in the income tax provision reported as "Deferred tax assets" in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of March 31, 2020, we had $21 thousand of accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The Company maintains a valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets where realization is not certain.