10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

⌧ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019

or

□ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                     to                    .

Commission file number: 0-21121

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	06-1456680
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
One Hamden Center, 2319 Whitney Avenue, Suite 3B, Hamden, CT	06518
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(203) 859-6800

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share	TACT	NASDAQ Global Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes   □   No   ⌧

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes   □   No   ⌧

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes   ⌧   No   □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes    ⌧   No   □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  (Check one):

Large accelerated filer  □	Accelerated filer  ⌧
Non-accelerated filer  □	Smaller reporting company  ⌧
	Emerging growth company □

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  □

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes   □   No   ⌧

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $81,900,000 based on the last sale price on June 28, 2019.

As of February 28, 2020, the number of shares outstanding of the Registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value, was 7,534,133.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement related to its 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission  within 120 days after the Registrant’s fiscal year end of December 31, 2019 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

TRANSACT TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

INDEX

	PART I.
Item 1.	Business	1
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	5
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	11
Item 2.	Properties	11
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	11
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	11
	PART II.
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	12
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	14
Item 7.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	14
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	26
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	26
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	26
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	26
Item 9B.	Other Information	27
	PART III.
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	28
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	28
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	28
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	28
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	28
	PART IV.
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	29
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	31
SIGNATURES
Signatures		32
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements		F-1

PART I

Forward Looking Statements

Certain statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Form 10-K”) may include “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the U.S. federal securities laws, including the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are any statements other than statements of historical fact. Forward-looking statements represent current views about possible future events and are often identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as “may”, “will”, “expect”, “intend”, “estimate”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “project” or “continue” or the negative thereof or other similar words.  Forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions.  In the event that one or more of such risks or uncertainties materialize, or one or more underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

Important factors and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following: our ability to successfully develop new products that garner customer acceptance and generate sales, both domestically and internationally, in the face of substantial competition from competitors that have broader lines of products and greater financial resources; our ability to successfully transition our business towards the food service technology and casino and gaming markets;  our ability to remediate the material weaknesses over internal control over financial reporting; risks associated with potential future acquisitions; our dependence on a significant customer; general economic conditions in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Latin America and Asia; our dependence on contract manufacturers for the manufacturing and assembly of a large portion of our products in Asia; our dependence on significant suppliers; our ability to recruit and retain quality employees as the Company grows; our dependence on third parties for sales outside the United States, including Australia, New Zealand, Latin America and Asia; marketplace acceptance of new products; risks associated with foreign operations; the availability of third-party components at reasonable prices; price wars or other significant pricing pressures affecting the Company's products in the United States or abroad; increased product costs or reduced customer demand for our products due to changes in U.S. policy that may result in trade wars or tariffs; our ability to protect intellectual property; the effect on global economic conditions, financial markets and our business from the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union; and other risk factors detailed from time to time in the Company’s reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

We caution readers not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Form 10-K.  We undertake no obligation to public publicly or otherwise revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or other factors, except where we are expressly required to do so by law.

Item 1. Business.

The Company

TransAct Technologies Incorporated (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, “TransAct”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”) was incorporated in June 1996 and began operating as a stand-alone business in August 1996 as a spin-off of the printer business that was formerly conducted by certain subsidiaries of Tridex Corporation.  We completed an initial public offering on August 22, 1996.

TransAct is a global leader in developing and selling software-driven technology and printing solutions for high growth markets including food service technology, point of sale (“POS”) automation and banking, casino and gaming, lottery, and oil and gas.  Our world-class products are designed from the ground up based on market and customer requirements and are sold under the BOHA!™, AccuDate™, Epic®, EPICENTRAL™, Ithaca®, and Printrex® brand names.  In March 2019, we launched a new line of products for the food service technology market, the BOHA! branded suite of cloud-based applications and companion hardware solutions.  The new BOHA! software and hardware products help restaurants and food service operators of all sizes automate the food production operations in the back-of-house operations.  Known and respected worldwide for innovative designs and real-world service reliability, our thermal and inkjet printers and terminals generate top-quality labels, coupons and transaction records such as receipts, tickets and other documents, as well as printed logging and plotting of data.  We sell our technology to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”), value-added resellers, select distributors, as well as directly to end-users.  Our product distribution spans across the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, Latin America, the Caribbean Islands and the South Pacific. We also offer world-class service, support, labels, spare parts, accessories and printing supplies to our growing worldwide base of products currently in use by our customers. Through our TransAct Services Group (“TSG”), we provide a complete range of supplies and consumables used in the printing and scanning activities of customers in the restaurant and hospitality, banking, retail, casino and gaming, government and oil and gas exploration markets.  Through our webstore, www.transactsupplies.com, and our direct selling team, we address the demand for these products. Our primary operating, hardware research and development, and eastern region service center is located in Ithaca, New York.  In addition, we have a casino and gaming sales headquarters, software research and development and western region service center in Las Vegas, Nevada; a European sales and service center at our subsidiary in the United Kingdom (“UK”); and a sales office located in Macau, China.  Our executive offices are located at One Hamden Center, 2319 Whitney Avenue, Suite 3B, Hamden, Connecticut, 06518, with a telephone number of (203) 859-6800.

Products, Services and Distribution Methods

Printers, terminals and other hardware: TransAct designs, develops and markets a broad array of transaction-based and specialty printers and terminals utilizing thermal and inkjet printing technology for applications, primarily in the food service technology, POS automation and banking, casino and gaming, lottery, and oil and gas printing markets.  Our printers and terminals are configurable and offer customers the ability to choose from a variety of features and functions.  Options typically include interface configuration, mounting configuration, paper cutting devices, paper handling capacities and cabinetry color.  Our food service technology terminals also offer software configurable menu options.  Our food service technology market also includes sales of hardware products including handheld devices, tablets, temperature probes and temperature sensors and gateways.  

1

Food Service Technology: The primary offering in the food service technology market is our BOHA! ecosystem, which combines our latest generation terminal, cloud-based software applications and related hardware into a unique solution to automate operations with food production in the back-of-house operations in restaurants and food service operations.  The software component of BOHA! consists of a suite of software-as-a-service (“SaaS”)-based applications, including applications for inventory management, temperature monitoring of food and equipment, timers, food safety labeling, food recalls, checklists and procedures, equipment service management, and delivery management.  Any and all these applications can be chosen by our customer and packaged into a single platform with the associated hardware, which includes the BOHA! terminal, handheld devices, tablets, temperature probes and temperature sensors and gateways. The BOHA! terminal combines the software and hardware components in a device that includes an operating system, touchscreen and one or two thermal print mechanisms that print easy-to-read food rotation labels, grab and go labels for prepared foods, nutritional labels and “enjoy by” date labels.  The BOHA! terminal is equipped with the TransAct Enterprise Management System to ensure that only approved applications and functions are available on the device and allows over-the-air updates to the applications and operating system.  BOHA! helps food service establishments and restaurants (including fine dining, casual dining, fast casual and quick-serve restaurants, convenience stores, hospitality establishments and contract food service providers) effectively manage food safety and grab-and-go initiatives, as well as automate and manage back-of-house operations.  Recurring revenue from BOHA! is generated by software sales, including software subscriptions that are charged to customers upfront on a per-application basis, as well as sales of labels, extended warranty and service contracts, and technical support services.  In the food service technology market, we use an internal sales force to solicit sales directly from end users.

POS automation and banking:In the POS market, we sell several models of printers utilizing thermal printing technology.  Our POS printers are used primarily by quick-serve restaurants located either at the checkout counter or within self-service kiosks to print receipts for consumers or print on linerless labels.  In the POS market, we primarily sell our products through a network of domestic and international distributors and resellers.  We use an internal sales force to manage sales through our distributors and resellers, as well as to solicit sales directly from end-users.  In the banking market, we sold inkjet printers that are used by banks, credit unions and other financial institutions to print deposit and withdrawal receipts and to validate checks at bank teller stations.   In the banking market, we primarily sold our products directly to end-user banks and financial institutions through our internal sales force and, to a lesser extent, resellers.  We exited the banking market as of December 31, 2018 and therefore do not expect any future sales.

Casino and gaming:  We sell several models of printers used in slot machines and video lottery terminals (“VLTs”) and other gaming machines that print tickets or receipts instead of issuing coins (“ticket-in, ticket-out” or “TITO”) at casinos, racetracks and other gaming venues worldwide.  These printers utilize thermal printing technology to print tickets and receipts in monochrome and offer various other features such as jam resistant bezels and a dual port interface that enables casinos to print coupons and promotions.  In addition, we sell printers using thermal roll-fed printing technology for use in non-casino establishments, including game types such as Amusements with Prizes, Skills with Prizes, Fixed Odds Betting Terminals and other off-premise gaming type machines around the world.  We sell our casino and gaming products primarily (1) to slot machine manufacturers, who incorporate our printers into slot machines and, in turn, sell completed slot machines directly to casinos and other gaming establishments and (2) through distributors.  Prior to December 31, 2017, the Suzo-Happ Group was our primary worldwide distributor.  However, effective January 1, 2018, we replaced the Suzo-Happ Group with new distributors in Asia and Australia and adopted a direct selling model in Europe utilizing our UK sales office.  We also maintain a dedicated internal sales force to solicit sales from slot machine manufacturers and casinos, and to manage sales through our distributors.

We also offer a software solution, the EPICENTRAL™ Print System (“EPICENTRAL™” and “EPICENTRAL® SE”), including annual software maintenance, that enables casino operators to create promotional coupons and marketing messages and to print them in real-time at the slot machine. With EPICENTRAL™, casinos can utilize the system to create multiple promotions and incentives to either increase customer time spent on the casino floor or encourage additional visits to generate more revenue to the casinos.  In 2017, we introduced EPICENTRAL® SE, a system edition version of our software solution, that is specifically designed to work with the existing bonusing modules of casino slot machine management systems.  In addition, EPICENTRAL® SE provides an upgrade path to a full EPICENTRAL^TM implementation in the event an operator seeks to expand its promotion and bonusing options beyond the slot machine management systems currently offered.  In 2019 we introduced Epicentral 4.0, a cloud based version that also uses the new Acres 4.0 technology that provides Epicentral with true real time slot machine play data.

Lottery:  Our lottery printers are designed for high-volume, high-speed printing of lottery tickets for various lottery applications.  We primarily supply lottery printers to International Gaming Technology and its subsidiaries (“IGT”), our largest customer and the world’s largest provider of lottery terminals.  During 2019, we decided to exit this business and we expect our last sales to occur in 2020 and no future sales beyond 2020.  Sales of our lottery products are made directly to IGT and other lottery system customers and are managed by an internal sales representative.

Printrex:  Printrex printers include wide format, desktop and rack mounted and vehicle mounted black and white thermal printers used by customers in the oil and gas exploration industry to log and plot oil field and down hole well drilling data.  The Printrex® brand of printers also includes high-speed color inkjet desktop printers used by oil and gas field service companies to print logs at their data centers.  Prior to 2019, revenue in this market also included sales of vehicle mounted printers used to print schematics and certain other critical information in emergency services vehicles and other mobile printing applications. We exited this market as of December 31, 2018 and do not expect any future sales.  We primarily sell our Printrex® products directly to oil field service and drilling companies and OEM’s, as well as through regional distributors in the United States, Europe, Canada and Asia.

TSG:  Through TSG, we proactively market the sale of consumable products (including inkjet cartridges, ribbons, receipt paper, color thermal paper, and other printing supplies), replacement parts, maintenance and repair services and testing services for all of our products and certain competitor’s products.  Our maintenance services include the sale of extended warranties, multi-year maintenance contracts, 24-hour guaranteed replacement product service called TransAct Xpress™ and other repair services for our printers and terminals.  Within the United States, we provide repair services through our eastern region service center in Ithaca, New York and our western region service center in Las Vegas, Nevada.  Internationally, we provide repair services through our European service center located in Doncaster, UK, and through partners strategically located around the world.

We also provide customers with telephone sales and technical support, and a personal account representative to handle orders, shipping and general information.  Technical and sales support personnel receive training on all our manufactured products and services.

In addition to personalized telephone and technical support, we also market and sell consumable products 24 hours a day, seven days a week, via our online webstore, www.transactsupplies.com.

2

Sources and Availability of Raw Materials

We design our products to optimize product performance, quality, reliability and durability.  These designs combine cost efficient materials, sourcing and assembly methods with high standards of workmanship.  Approximately 99% of our printer and terminal production is primarily through two third-party contract manufacturers in Asia.  The remaining 1% of our products are assembled in our Ithaca, New York facility largely on a configure-to-order basis using components and subassemblies that have been sourced from vendors and contract manufacturers around the world.

We procure component parts and subassemblies for use in the assembly of our hardware products in Ithaca, New York.  Critical component parts and subassemblies include thermal and inkjet print heads, printing/cutting mechanisms, power supplies, motors, injection molded plastic parts, LCD screens, circuit boards and electronic components, which are obtained from domestic and foreign suppliers at competitive prices.  As a result of the majority of our production being performed by our contract manufacturers, the majority of our purchases consist of fully-assembled printers and terminals produced by our contract manufacturers and, to a much lesser extent, component parts.  We typically strive to maintain more than one source for our component parts, subassemblies and fully assembled printers and terminals to reduce the risk of parts shortages or unavailability.  However, we could experience temporary disruption if certain suppliers ceased doing business with us, as described below.

We currently buy a majority of our thermal print mechanisms, an important component of our thermal printers, and fully assembled printers for several of our printer and food service technology terminal models, from one foreign contract manufacturer in China and to a lesser extent, one other foreign contract manufacturer in Thailand.  Although we believe that other contract manufacturers could provide similar thermal print mechanisms or fully assembled printers and terminals, on comparable terms, a change in contract manufacturers could cause a delay in manufacturing and possible loss of sales, which may have a material adverse effect on our operating results.  Although we do not have supply agreements with our foreign contract manufacturers, our relationship with both remain strong and we have no reason to believe that either will discontinue their supply of thermal print mechanisms or fully assembled printers to us during 2020 or that their terms to us will be substantially less favorable than they have been historically.  Due to the impact from the Chinese tariff, we are seeking to increasingly transfer production from our largest contract manufacturer in China to our contract manufacturer in Thailand during 2020.

HP Inc. (“HP”) is the sole supplier of inkjet cartridges that are used in all our banking inkjet printers.  Though we have exited the banking market as of December 31, 2018, we still sell a substantial number of HP inkjet cartridges as a consumable product through TSG.  Although other inkjet cartridges are compatible with our banking inkjet printers, the loss of the supply of HP inkjet cartridges could have a material adverse effect on the sale of our TSG consumable products.  Our relationship with HP remains stable and we have no reason to believe that HP will discontinue its supply of inkjet cartridges to us or that their terms to us will be materially different than they have been historically.  The inkjet cartridges we purchase from HP are used not only in our inkjet printers for the POS automation and banking market, but also in other manufacturer’s printing devices across several other markets.

Canon, Inc. (“Canon”) is the sole supplier of inkjet cartridges and other consumable items (“Canon Consumables”) that are used in our Printrex® 980 oil and gas printer.  The loss of supply of Canon Consumables would have a material adverse effect on the sale of Printrex 980® printers and the Canon Consumables.  We have a supply agreement with Canon to supply us with Canon Consumables until May 2020.  Prices under this agreement were fixed through May 2013 but may be changed during the remainder of the agreement if the exchange rate fluctuates significantly between the Japanese yen and the U.S. dollar.

Patents and Proprietary Information

TransAct relies on a combination of trade secrets, patents, employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements, copyright laws and contractual rights to establish and protect its proprietary rights in its products.  We hold 36 United States and 37 foreign patents and have 8 United States and 3 foreign patent applications pending pertaining to our products.  The duration of these patents range from 1 to 15 years.  The expiration of any individual patent would not have a significant negative impact on our business.  We regard certain manufacturing processes and designs to be proprietary and attempt to protect them through employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements and similar means.  It may be possible for unauthorized third parties to copy certain portions of our products or to reverse engineer or otherwise obtain and use, to our detriment, information that we regard as proprietary.  Moreover, the laws of some foreign countries do not afford the same protection to our proprietary rights as do the laws of the United States. There can be no assurance that legal protections we rely upon to protect our proprietary position will be adequate or that our competitors will not independently develop technologies that are substantially equivalent or superior to our technologies.

Trademarks, Service Marks and Copyrights

We own or have rights to trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights that we use in connection with the operation of our business, including our corporate names, logos and website names. Other trademarks, service marks and trade names appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the property of their respective owners.  The trademarks we own include TransAct®, BOHA!^TM, AccuDate™, Epic, EPICENTRAL™, Ithaca® and Printrex®. Solely for convenience, some of the trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights referred to in this annual report on Form 10-K are listed without the ©, ® and ™ symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to our trademarks, service marks, trade names and copyrights.

Seasonality

Restaurants typically reduce purchases of equipment in the fourth quarter due to the increased volume of transactions during the holiday period, which may negatively impact sales of our food service technology terminals or POS printers.

Working Capital

Inventory, accounts receivable, and accounts payable levels, payment terms, and where applicable, return policies are in accordance with the general practices of the industry and standard business procedures.  See also Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

3

Certain Significant Customers

IGT is our most significant customer and has been since 1995.  We sell both on-line lottery printers and casino and gaming printers to IGT.  On May 29, 2015, we signed an agreement with IGT to sell on-line lottery and casino printers to IGT on a non-exclusive basis through December 31, 2019.   We decided not to renew the agreement upon its expiration and to exit the on-line lottery market.  Although we no longer have an agreement with IGT, we expect to continue selling casino and gaming printers to IGT in the future but will no longer sell on-line lottery printers other than expected last time purchases by IGT in 2020.

Sales to IGT represented 14%, 18% and 35% of our total net sales for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Backlog

Our backlog of firm orders was approximately $5.7 million as of February 29, 2020, compared to $6.9 million as of February 28, 2019.  Based on customers’ current delivery requirements, we expect to fill and recognize as revenue $5.4 million of our current backlog during 2020, $0.2 million during 2021 and the remaining balance of the amount during 2022.

Competition

The market for transaction-based and specialty printers and food service technology terminals is extremely competitive, and we expect such competition to continue in the future.  However, we experience less competition for EPICENTRAL^TM software due to the highly customized nature of the product.  We compete with a number of companies, many of which have greater financial, technical and marketing resources than TransAct.  We believe our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors both within and outside our control, including durability, reliability, quality, design capability, product customization, price, customer support, success in developing new products, manufacturing expertise and capacity, supply of component parts and materials, strategic relationships with suppliers, the timing of new product introductions by us and our competitors, general market, economic and political conditions and, in some cases, the uniqueness of our products.

In the food service technology market, we primarily compete with Avery Dennison Corporation, Ecolab Inc., ITD Food Safety, CMC Daymark, Integrated Control Corp, Digi International, Squadle Inc., Jolt Software and Zenput.  We compete in this market based largely on our ability to provide highly specialized software and purpose-built products and ongoing technical support.

In the POS automation and banking market, we primarily compete with Epson America, Inc., which holds a dominant market position.  We also compete, to a much lesser extent, with CognitiveTPG, Star Micronics America, Inc., Citizen -- CBM America Corporation, Pertech Industries, Inc., Addmaster, and Samsung/Bixolon.  Certain competitors of ours have greater financial resources and lower costs attributable to higher volume production which enables them to occasionally offer lower prices than us.  However, we have exited the banking market and will continue to deemphasize efforts in the POS automation market going forward as we have shifted our focus toward our higher-value, technology enabled food service technology and casino and gaming products.

In the casino and gaming market (consisting principally of slot machine printing, VLT transaction printing and promotional coupon printing), we compete with several companies including JCM Global, Nanoptix, Inc., Custom Engineering SPA, Eurocoin and others.  Certain of our products sold for casino and gaming applications compete based upon our ability to provide highly specialized products, custom engineering and ongoing technical support.

In the lottery market (consisting principally of on-line lottery transaction printing), we compete with other lottery printer providers such as Custom Engineering SPA, Star Micronics and Wincor Nixdorf.  However, we have exited the lottery market going forward as we have shifted our focus toward our higher-value, technology enabled food service technology and casino and gaming products.

In the oil and gas market, our Printrex® products compete primarily with the products of Imaging Systems Group, Inc. and Neuralog Inc.  We compete in this market based largely on our ability to provide specialized, custom-engineered products.

The market in which TSG competes is highly fragmented, and we compete with numerous competitors of various sizes, including POS and internet resellers and paper converters depending on the geographic area.

Our strategy for competing in our markets is to continually develop new products (hardware and software), such as BOHA!^TM in 2019, and product line extensions that are technologically advanced and provide differentiated features and functions, to increase our geographic market penetration, to take advantage of strategic relationships, and to lower the cost of our products by sourcing certain products overseas.  Although we believe that our products, operations and relationships provide a competitive foundation, there can be no assurance that we will compete successfully in the future.  In addition, our products utilize certain thermal and inkjet printing technologies.  If new technologies are introduced, or existing technologies evolve, we may be required to incorporate these technologies into our products.  Alternatively, if such technologies were to become available to our competitors, our products could become obsolete, which could have a significant negative impact on our business.

Environment Compliance

Our compliance with federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and discharge of hazardous materials has not had a material impact on our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position, and we do not anticipate any material impact from such compliance in the future.

Available Information

We make available free of charge through the “Investor Relations” tab on our Internet website, www.transact-tech.com, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and all amendments to those reports and statements as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.  The SEC maintains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http;//www.sec.gov.  The content on any website referred to in this Form 10-K is not incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K unless expressly noted.

4

Employees

As of December 31, 2019, TransAct and our subsidiaries employed 134 persons, all of whom were full-time employees.  None of our employees are unionized, and we consider our relationships with our employees to be good.

Information about our Executive Officers

The following is a list of the names and ages of all executive officers of the registrant, indicating all positions and offices with the registrant held by each such person and each person’s principal occupations and employment during at least the past five years.

Name	Age		Position
Bart C. Shuldman		62	Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Steven A. DeMartino		50	President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary
Donald E. Brooks		67	Senior Vice President-Engineering
Tracey S. Chernay		60	Senior Vice President, Casino, Gaming and Lottery Sales
Andrew J. Hoffman		62	Senior Vice President, Operations
David B. Peters		41	Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
Raymond T. Walsh, Jr.		34	Senior Vice President, Global Sales

Bart C. Shuldman has been Chief Executive Officer, President and a Director of the Company since its formation in June 1996.  In February 2001, Mr. Shuldman was elected Chairman of the Board.  Mr. Shuldman relinquished the President title, effective June 1, 2010, to focus on new products and markets, international expansion and potential acquisitions.

Steven A. DeMartino was named as TransAct’s President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary on June 1, 2010.  Previously, Mr. DeMartino served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary from June 2004 to May 2010, Senior Vice President, Finance and Information Technology from October 2001 to May 2004, Vice President and Corporate Controller from January 1998 to October 2001, and Corporate Controller from August 1996 to December 1997.  Mr. DeMartino is a certified public accountant.

Donald E. Brooks was appointed Senior Vice President of Engineering in April 2012.  Previously, Mr. Brooks served as Vice President, Engineering from September 2004 to April 2012, Senior Project Engineer from February 1998 to September 2004, Project Engineer from June 1997 to February 1998, Director of Electrical Engineering from March 1986 to June 1997 and Manager of Electronic Development from December 1983 to March 1986.  

Tracey S. Chernay was appointed Senior Vice President, Casino and Gaming Sales and Marketing in June 2010, with responsibility for the sales and marketing of all casino and gaming products.  Previously, Ms. Chernay served as Senior Vice President, Sales and Marketing from June 2007 to May 2010, Senior Vice President, Marketing and Sales, POS and Banking with the Company from July 2006 to June 2007, and joined TransAct in May of 2005 as Senior Vice President, Marketing.  Prior to joining TransAct, Ms. Chernay was employed with Xerox Corporation where she held the role of Manager, Worldwide Marketing since 2003, and Manager, Sales Operations from 2000 to 2002.  She joined Xerox Corporation in 1983.

Andrew J. Hoffman was appointed Senior Vice President, Operations for TransAct worldwide in November 2004.  He served as Vice President, Operations from September 1994 to November 2004.

David B. Peters was appointed Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer on March 1, 2018.  Previously, Mr. Peters served as Director, SEC and Financial Reporting since joining TransAct in March 2014.  Prior to joining TransAct, Mr. Peters was employed with United Technologies Corporation from November 2006 to March 2014 where he served in various financial management positions.  Mr. Peters is a certified public accountant.

Raymond T. Walsh, Jr. was appointed Senior Vice President, Global Sales on February 27, 2019.  Previously, Mr. Walsh served as Vice President, Global Sales since 2018.  Mr. Walsh joined TransAct in 2006 and has held several sales positions of increasing responsibility with the Company.  Prior to joining TransAct, Mr. Walsh served as the Senior Manager of Business Development at Nerac.

There are no family relationships between any of our executive officers and there is no arrangement or understanding between any of such officers and any other person pursuant to which he or she was selected as an officer.  Each of our executive officers was elected by the Board of Directors to hold office until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her earlier resignation or removal.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Investors should carefully consider the risks, uncertainties and other factors described below, as well as other disclosures in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, because they could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, and growth prospects.  The risks described below are not the only ones facing our Company.  Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us, or that we currently believe to be immaterial, may also impair our business operations.   In the event that such risks or uncertainties materialize, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

We assume no obligation (and specifically disclaim any such obligation) to update these Risk Factors or any other forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-K to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or other factors affecting such forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

5

Risks Related to our Business

Our operating results and financial condition may fluctuate.

Our operating results and financial condition may fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year and are likely to continue to vary due to a number of factors, many of which are not within our control.  If our operating results do not meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors, who may derive their expectations by extrapolating data from recent historical operating results, the market price of our common stock will likely decline.  Fluctuations in our operating results and financial condition may be due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, those identified throughout this “Risk Factors” section:

● delays between our expenditures to develop and market new or enhanced products and consumables and the generation of sales from those products;

● the geographic distribution of our sales and our supply chain;

● market acceptance of our products, both domestically and internationally;

● development of new competitive products by others;

● our responses to price competition;

● our level of research and development activities;

● changes in the amount that we spend to develop, acquire or license new products, consumables, technologies or businesses;

● changes in the amount we spend to promote our products and services;

● changes in the cost of satisfying our warranty obligations and servicing our installed base of products;

● availability of third-party components at reasonable prices;

● general economic and industry conditions, including changes in interest rates affecting returns on cash balances and investments, that affect customer demand;

● fluctuations of world-wide oil and gas prices;

● the dependence of our supply chain on a few, foreign third-party manufacturers and suppliers;

● severe weather events, public health crises, and other external events out of our control that can disrupt our operations or the operations of our customers’ or suppliers’ facilities; and

● changes in accounting rules.

Due to all of the foregoing factors, and the other risks discussed in this Form 10-K, quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results may not be an indicator of future performance.

Our revenue and profitability depend on our ability to continue to develop, on a timely basis, new products and technologies which are free from hardware or software anomalies and cannot be fraudulently manipulated, and customer acceptance of such products.

Our success depends upon our ability to timely adapt our capabilities and processes to meet the demands of producing new and innovative products.  Because our newer products contain software and generally are more technologically sophisticated than those we have produced in the past, we must continually refine our capabilities to meet the needs of our product innovation.  If we cannot efficiently adapt our infrastructure to meet the needs of our product innovations in a timely manner, our business could be negatively impacted.

In addition, even if we successfully develop such products, there is no assurance that our innovations will be accepted by our customers.  Developing and marketing new products, such as our BOHA! ecosystem, is costly, and our business could be materially adversely affected if we are unable to generate sales of such products or if our existing or new customers do not quickly accept such products.  Customer acceptance is crucial because new products typically have very little competition and market penetration due to their novelty.  Although we develop new products with the input of our customers, which has contributed to the early success of BOHA!, customer acceptance is never assured may take time to materialize.

We compete in highly competitive markets, which are likely to become more competitive. Competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or emerging technology and changes in customer requirements.

We face significant competition in developing and selling our printers, terminals, software, consumables and services.  Our principal competitors have substantial marketing, financial, development and personnel resources.  To remain competitive, we believe we must continue to provide:

● technologically advanced products that satisfy the user demands;

● superior customer service;

● high levels of quality and reliability; and

● dependable and efficient distribution networks.

We cannot ensure we will be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors.  Increased competition may result in price reductions, lower gross profit margins and loss of market share, and could require increased spending on research and development, sales and marketing and customer support.  Some competitors may make strategic acquisitions or establish cooperative relationships with suppliers or companies that produce complementary products.  Any of these factors could reduce our earnings.

Our success will depend on our ability to sustain and manage growth.

As part of our business strategy, we intend to pursue a growth strategy.  Assuming this growth occurs, it will require the expansion of customer relationships in international markets, the successful development and marketing of new products for our existing and new markets, expanded internal sales and marketing, customer service and support, and the continued implementation and improvement of our operational, financial and management information systems.

6

To the extent that we seek growth through acquisitions, our ability to manage our growth will also depend on our ability to integrate businesses that have previously operated independently.  We may not be able to achieve this integration without encountering difficulties or experiencing the loss of key employees, customers or suppliers.  It may be difficult to design and implement effective financial controls for combined operations and differences in existing controls for each business may result in weaknesses that require remediation when the financial controls and reporting functions are combined.  As we pursue acquisitions, we may incur legal, accounting and other transaction related expenses for unsuccessful acquisition attempts that could adversely affect our results of operations in the period in which they are incurred.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully implement our growth strategy, or that we can successfully manage expanded operations, if they occur.  As we expand, we may from time to time experience constraints that will adversely affect our ability to satisfy customer demand in a timely fashion.  Failure to manage growth effectively could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting have been identified, and if we are unable to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, or our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to provide an unqualified report thereon, we could be materially adversely affected.

Material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting existed as of December 31, 2018 and 2019 regarding our internal controls over user access to ensure appropriate segregation of duties and to adequately restrict user access to appropriate personnel.  Specifically, the provisioning and user recertification controls are not designed to ensure users maintain proper segregation of duties and therefore could have inappropriate access rights.  Additionally, we identified a material weakness in controls over key spreadsheets supporting our accounting records.  Specifically, we did not design adequate controls to address the completeness and accuracy of information included in key spreadsheets.  As a result of these material weaknesses, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2019.

Unless and until these material weaknesses have been remediated or should new material weaknesses arise or be discovered in the future, a material misstatement could occur and go undetected in our interim or annual consolidated financial statements. As a result, we may experience delays in fulfilling our reporting obligations or complying with federal securities laws, which could result in investigations and sanctions by regulatory authorities, including, but not limited to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), and may result in defaults or accelerations under our credit facility in the event that we are unable to timely file reports with the SEC, to the extent that in such an event, we are unable to obtain waivers from our lender. Any of these results could adversely affect our business and the value of our common stock.

In the casino and gaming market and the lottery market, we are dependent on sales to one large customer; the loss of this customer or reduction in orders from this customer could materially affect our sales.

Lottery and, to a lesser extent, casino and gaming sales to IGT have represented a material percentage of our net sales since 1995.  A reduction, delay or cancellation in orders from this customer, including reductions or delays due to market, economic, or competitive conditions in the industries in which we serve, could have a material adverse effect upon our results of operations.

General economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our business is subject to general economic conditions.  Uncertainty or negative trends in U.S. or international economic and investment climates, including the impact of Brexit and recent developments in U.S.-China trade relations (discussed separately below), could adversely affect our business.  For example, customers or potential customers could reduce or delay orders, key suppliers and customers could become insolvent, which could result in production delays, and our customers may not be able to obtain credit.  Any of these possible effects could impact our ability to effectively manage inventory levels and collect receivables, create unabsorbed costs due to lower net sales, and ultimately decrease our net sales and profitability including write-downs of assets.

Fluctuations in oil and gas prices could adversely affect drilling and exploration activities by oil and gas companies and our revenue in our Printrex market.  If oil and gas prices remain volatile, or if oil or gas prices remain low or decline further, the demand for our Printrex products could be adversely affected.

The demand for our Printrex products depends on the level of spending by oil and gas companies for drilling and exploratory activities, which are affected by short-term and long-term trends in oil and gas prices, including current and anticipated oil and gas prices.  Oil and gas prices, as well as the level of drilling and exploration, historically have been extremely volatile and are expected to continue to be highly volatile.  If oil and gas prices continue to remain low or decline further, or if there is a further reduction in drilling and exploration activities, the demand for our Printrex products could be materially and adversely affected.

If market conditions deteriorate or future results of operations are less than expected, a valuation allowance may be required for all or a portion of our deferred tax assets.

We currently have deferred tax assets, which may be used to reduce taxable income in the future.  We assess the realization of these deferred tax assets on a quarterly basis, and if we determine that it is more likely than not that some portion of these assets will not be realized, an income tax valuation allowance is recorded.  If market conditions deteriorate or future results of operations are less than expected, or there is a change to applicable tax rules, future assessments may result in a determination that it is more likely than not that some or all of our net deferred tax assets are not realizable.  As a result, we may need to establish a valuation allowance for all or a portion of our net deferred tax assets, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We rely on distributors and resellers to sell our products and services.

We use a variety of distribution channels, including OEMs and distributors, to market and sell our products and services.  We may be adversely impacted by any conflicts that could arise between and among our various sales channels.

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Our dependence upon distributors and resellers exposes us to numerous risks, including:

● loss of channel and the ability to bring new products to market;

● concentration of credit risk, including disruption in distribution should the distributors and / or resellers’ financial condition deteriorate;

● reduced visibility to end user demand and pricing issues which makes forecasting more difficult;

● distributors or resellers leveraging their buying power to change the terms of pricing, payment and product delivery schedules; and

● direct competition should a distributor or reseller decide to manufacture printers internally or source printers from a competitor.

We cannot guarantee that resellers will not reduce, delay or eliminate purchases from us, which could have a material adverse effect upon the business, consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

We are dependent upon two manufacturers located in China and Thailand for the manufacturing and assembly of our printers and terminals, and their operations have been disrupted by the outbreak of the Coronavirus. The impact of this disruption on the Company is uncertain at this time, but this disruption, and any further or future disruption in their businesses or operations, such as those caused by political, social or economic instability, trade restrictions or tariffs, severe weather, additional public health crises and other events out of our control, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In an effort to achieve additional cost savings and operation benefits, we have outsourced substantially all of the manufacturing and assembly of our printers and terminals to two contract manufacturers located in Asia.  Approximately 80% of our printer and terminal manufacturing is conducted by one third-party manufacturer located in China, and an additional 19% is conducted by one other third-party manufacturers located in Thailand.  As a result, we are dependent on them for the manufacturing of our products, and any disruption in such manufacturing or the export of products from these manufacturers to the U.S. may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks affecting the businesses and operations of our two manufacturers in Asia include: political and regional strife; war; labor shortages; severe weather and natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, fires, and floods; lengthy power outages; increased pricing, financial instability and capacity constraints of shippers; and concerns with or threats of public health crises, contagious diseases or health epidemics.  The risk to our business posed by any disruption in manufacturing is exacerbated by the concentration of our manufacturing operations in two manufacturers both located in Asia.

In December 2019, a novel strain of the coronavirus was reported in China that has subsequently spread outside of China. In response to the coronavirus outbreak, the Chinese government has placed restrictions on travel and mandated business closures. Such restrictions and closures have started to disrupt our supply chain by delaying product shipments from our contract manufacturers during 2020. Although the impact of such disruptions and delays has not had a material impact on our results of operations, there is significant uncertainty relating to the outbreak of coronavirus as well as the potential effects of such outbreak on our business.

The extent to which the coronavirus impacts our operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the duration of the outbreak, new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the coronavirus and the actions to contain the coronavirus or treat its impact, among others.  Without the contract manufacturers continuing to manufacture our products and the continuing operation of the contract manufacturers’ facilities, we will have limited means for the final assembly of a majority of our products until we are able to secure the manufacturing capability at another facility or develop an alternative manufacturing facility, which could be costly and time consuming and have a material adverse effect on our operating and financial results.  However, any such risk is partially offset by the current inventory of printing solutions maintained at our Ithaca, New York and, to a lesser extent, Las Vegas, Nevada facilities.

We may also incur increased business continuity and reputational risks to the extent that we continue to outsource the manufacturing and assembly of our products to foreign third-party service providers.  For example, outsourcing of manufacturing prevents us from exercising control over the assembly of certain of our products and related operations or processes, including the internal controls associated with operations and processes conducted and the quality of our products assembled by contract manufacturers.  If we are unable to effectively manage and oversee our outsourcing strategy, we may not realize cost structure efficiencies and our operating and financial results could be materially adversely affected.  Outsourcing also exposes us to increased risk of infringement or misappropriation of our intellectual property, to which our manufacturers have access.  Because our manufacturers are located in Asia, there is no guarantee that our intellectual property rights will be protected or enforced to the same extent as under U.S. federal and state laws. Consequently, we may not be able to prevent third-parties from developing or selling products made using our technologies.

We face risks associated with manufacturing forecasts.

If we fail to predict our manufacturing requirements accurately, we could incur additional costs or experience manufacturing delays, which could cause us to lose orders or customers and result in lower net sales. We currently use a rolling 12-month forecast based primarily on our anticipated product orders and our product order history to help determine our requirements for components and materials. It is very important that we accurately predict both the demand for our products and the lead-time required to obtain the necessary components and raw materials.

Lead times for materials and components that we order vary significantly and depend on factors such as the specific supplier, the size of the order, contract terms, and demand for each component at a given time. If we underestimate our requirements, we may have inadequate manufacturing capacity or inventory, which could interrupt manufacturing of our products and result in delays in shipments and net sales. If we overestimate our requirements, we could have excess inventory of parts and finished products. In addition, delays in the manufacturing of our products could cause us to lose orders or customers.

We purchase component parts and consumable products from third-party and sole source suppliers, and any interference with this supply chain may impact our ability to manufacture and sell our products.

We rely on third-party or sole source suppliers to provide certain key components for our products.  We do not have guaranteed supply contracts with any of our component suppliers, and our suppliers could delay shipments, increase prices or cease manufacturing or selling such components to us at any time.  A disruption in the supply of such component parts and consumable products could delay our production and/or the release of our new products and hinder our ability to meet our commitments to customers.  If we are unable to obtain a sufficient quantity of these components on commercially reasonable terms or in a timely manner, or if we are unable to obtain alternative sources for the components, sales of our products could be delayed or halted entirely or we may be required to redesign our products.  Any of these events could result in lost sales, reduced gross margins or damage to our end-customer relationships, which would have a material adverse effect on our operations and financial results.

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In addition to maintaining offices in the UK and Macau, we sell and ship a significant portion of our products internationally and rely on third parties that make up our global salesforce.  The international nature of our operations may expose us to certain risks associated with doing business outside of the U.S., including risks posed by the UK’s withdrawal from the European Union, tariffs, and changes in trade relations.

We sell a significant amount of our products to customers outside the United States. Shipments to international customers are expected to continue to account for a material portion of net sales. In addition, our manufacturers and suppliers are largely located in Asia.  As a result, our products are largely exported to one of our facilities in the United States, which makes our operations vulnerable to disruptions in trade that could adversely affect our business results.

Our international operations, including our reliance on manufacturers and suppliers located in Asia, our worldwide sales team, and our sales to customers located outside the United States, expose us to disruptions in trade and other associated risks such as:

● the imposition of additional duties, tariffs, quotas, taxes, trade barriers, capital flow restrictions and other charges on imports and exports by the United States or the governments of the countries in which we or our manufacturers and suppliers operate;

● delays in the delivery of cargo due to port security considerations, labor disputes such as dock strikes, and our reliance on a limited number of shipping and air carriers, which may experience capacity issues that adversely affect our ability to ship inventory in a timely manner or for an acceptable cost;

● fluctuations in the value of the U.S. Dollar against foreign currencies, which could restrict sales, or increase costs of purchasing, in foreign countries;

● economic or political instability in any of the countries in which we or our manufacturers or suppliers operate, which could result in a reduction in demand for our products due to political and economic instability or impair our foreign assets;

● a reduced ability or inability to sell in or purchase from certain markets as a result of export or import restrictions;

● potentially limited intellectual property protection in certain countries, such as China, may limit recourse against infringing products or cause us to refrain from selling in certain geographic territories; and

● reliance on a limited number of shipping and air carriers who may experience capacity issues that adversely affect our ability to ship inventory in a timely manner or for an acceptable cost; and

● economic uncertainties and adverse economic conditions (including inflation and recession).

Although we carry business interruption insurance to cover lost revenue and profits in an amount we consider adequate, this insurance does not cover all possible situations.  In addition, the business interruption insurance would not compensate us for the loss of opportunity and potential adverse impact, both short-term and long-term, on relations with our existing customers resulting from our inability to produce products for them.

Outside of the United States we maintain offices in the UK and Macau.  Effective January 31, 2020, the UK formally withdrew from the European Union.  Following the UK’s withdrawal, often referred to as “Brexit,” the UK entered a transition period, which is currently set to end on December 31, 2020.  It is expected that the UK will negotiate a new free trade agreement with the European Union during this transition period.  In the event that no such agreement is reached prior to the end of the transition period, the UK will have no international agreement governing its ongoing relationship with the EU.

We are still evaluating the impact of Brexit on our business, particularly as it relates to our UK subsidiary, during and after this transition period.  Adverse consequences such as deterioration in economic conditions and volatility in currency exchange rates could have a negative impact on the Company's operations, financial condition and results of operations.  In addition, the future trade relationship between the UK and the European Union remains uncertain, and any incremental regulatory controls and regulations governing trade between the UK and the European Union could have adverse consequences on the steel industry in the UK and/or the European Union and could negatively impact the Company's operations and financial condition.

Our business could be adversely affected by actual or threatened terrorist attacks or the related heightened security measures, military actions and other efforts to combat terrorism.

Our business could be adversely affected by actual or threatened terrorist attacks or the related heightened security measures, military actions and other efforts to combat terrorism.  It is possible that terrorist attacks could be directed at important locations for the gaming industry.  Heightened security measures and other efforts to combat terrorism may also have an adverse effect on the gaming industry by reducing tourism.  Any of these developments could also negatively affect the general economy and consumer confidence.  Any downturn in the economy in general, or in the gaming industry in particular could result in a reduced demand for our products and could adversely affect our business and results of operations.  In addition, heightened security measures may cause certain governments to restrict the import or export of goods, which may have an adverse effect on our ability to buy and sell goods.

We depend on key personnel, the loss of which could materially impact our business.

Our future success will depend in significant part upon the continued service of certain key management and other personnel and our continuing ability to attract and retain highly qualified managerial, technical and sales and marketing personnel.  There can be no assurance that we will be able to recruit and retain such personnel.  The loss of either Bart C. Shuldman, the Company's Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, or Steven A. DeMartino, the Company’s President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary, or the loss of certain groups of key employees, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

9

The inability to protect our intellectual property rights could harm our reputation, damage our business or interfere with our competitive position, and infringement on the intellectual property rights of others, or claims thereof, could put us at a competitive disadvantage, and any related litigation could be time consuming and costly.

Our intellectual property is valuable and provides us with certain competitive advantages.  Copyrights, patents, trademarks, service marks, trade secrets, nondisclosure agreements and contracts are used to protect these proprietary rights. Despite these precautions, it may be possible for third parties to copy aspects of our products or, without authorization, to obtain and use information which we regard as trade secrets.

In addition, prosecuting and defending infringement lawsuits is very expensive.  We are committed to aggressively asserting and defending our technology and related intellectual property rights, which we have spent a significant amount of money to develop.  Similarly, third-parties may claim, from time to time, that we have violated their intellectual property rights. To the extent of a violation of a third-party’s patent or other intellectual property right, we may be prevented from operating our business as planned and may be required to pay damages, to obtain a license, if available, or to use a non-infringing method, if possible, to accomplish our objectives. Any such claims could result in costly litigation and, if successful, could result in costly judgments or settlements.

The expense of prosecuting or defending any future infringement lawsuits could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.  Intellectual property litigation is generally complex, costly, protracted, and highly disruptive to business operations by diverting the attention and energies of management and key technical personnel.

Cyber-security and privacy breaches, cyber-attacks, or other disruptions could expose us to liability, affect our business, and damage our reputation.

We are increasingly dependent on our information technology systems and infrastructure for our business. We collect, store, and transmit sensitive information including intellectual property, proprietary business information and personal information in connection with business operations. The secure maintenance of this information is critical to our operations and business strategy. Some of this information could be an attractive target of criminal attack by third parties with a wide range of motives and expertise, including organized criminal groups, disgruntled current or former employees, and others. Cyber-attacks are of ever-increasing levels of sophistication, and despite our extensive security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to such attacks or may be breached, including due to employee error or malfeasance.  Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. If our systems become compromised, we may not promptly discover the intrusion. Like other companies in our industry, we have experienced attacks to our data and systems, including malware and computer viruses that we have been able to detect and eliminate. If our systems fail or are breached or disrupted, we could lose product sales, and suffer reputational damage and loss of customer confidence. Such incidents would require notification to affected individuals and may result in legal claims or proceedings and liability under federal and state laws that protect the privacy and security of personal information. Any one of these events could cause our business to be materially harmed and our results of operations to be adversely impacted.

We cannot provide any assurance that current laws, or any laws enacted in the future, will not have a material adverse effect on our business.

Our operations are subject to laws, rules, regulations, including environmental regulations, government policies and other requirements in each of the jurisdictions in which we conduct business.  Changes in such laws, rules, regulations, policies or requirements could result in the need to modify our products and could affect the demand for our products, which may have an adverse impact on our future operating results.  If we do not comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations we could be subject to costs and liabilities and our business may be adversely impacted.

Risks Related to our Common Stock

Our stock price may fluctuate significantly.

The market price of our common stock could fluctuate significantly in response to variations in quarterly operating results and other factors, such as:

● changes in our business, operations or prospects;

● developments in our relationships with our customers;

● announcements of new products or services by us or by our competitors;

● announcement or completion of acquisitions by us or by our competitors;

● changes in existing or adoption of additional government regulations;

● unfavorable or reduced analyst coverage; and

● prevailing domestic and international market and economic conditions.

In addition, the stock market may experience significant price fluctuations year-to-year.  Broad market fluctuations, general economic conditions and specific conditions in the industries in which we operate may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

Limited trading volume and a reduction in analyst coverage of our common stock may contribute to its price volatility.

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market.  During the year ended December 31, 2019 the average daily trading volume for our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market was approximately 19,000 shares.  We are uncertain whether a more active trading market in our common stock will develop.  In addition, many investment banks no longer find it profitable to provide securities research on micro-cap and small-cap companies.  As a result, relatively small trades may have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock, which could increase the volatility and depress the price of our common stock.

Future sales of our common stock may cause our stock price to decline.

In the future, we may sell additional shares of our common stock in public or private offerings, and we may also issue additional shares of our common stock to finance future acquisitions.  Shares of our common stock are also available for future sale pursuant to stock options and other equity awards that we have granted to our employees, and in the future, we may grant additional stock options and other forms of equity compensation to our employees.  Sales of our common stock or the perception that such sales could occur may adversely affect prevailing market prices for shares of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through future offerings.

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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

Not applicable.

Item 2. Properties.

Our principal facilities as of December 31, 2019 are listed below.  We believe that all facilities generally are in good condition, adequately maintained and suitable for their present and currently contemplated uses.

Location	Operations Conducted	Size (Approx. Sq. Ft.)		Owned or Leased	Lease Expiration Date
Hamden, Connecticut	Executive offices and sales office		11,100	Leased	April 30, 2027
Ithaca, New York*	Hardware design and development, assembly and service facility		73,900	Leased	May 31, 2021
Las Vegas, Nevada	Software design and development, service center and casino and gaming sales office		19,600	Leased	October 31, 2022
Doncaster, UK	Sales office and service center		6,000	Leased	August 26, 2026
Macau, China	Sales office		180	Leased	June 30, 2020
			110,780

*On February 28, 2020, we signed an amendment to extend our lease in Ithaca, New York to May 31, 2025.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

The Company may, in the ordinary course of business, become a party to litigation involving collection matters, contract claims and other legal proceedings relating to the conduct of its business.  As of December 31, 2019, we are unaware of any legal proceedings pending or threatened against us that management believes are likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol TACT.  As of February 28, 2020, there were 261 holders of record of the common stock.  

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Prior to its expiration on December 31, 2019, we maintained a stock repurchase program (the "2018 Stock Repurchase Program") whereby we were authorized to repurchase up to $5 million of our outstanding shares of common stock from time to time in the open market at prevailing market prices based on market conditions, share price and other factors.  During 2019 we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock.  From the start of the 2018 Stock Repurchase Program on March 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018, we repurchased 156,410 shares of our common stock for approximately $2 million at an average price per share of $12.79. 

Dividend Policy

In 2012, our Board of Directors initiated a quarterly cash dividend program which is subject to the Board’s approval each quarter.  Our Board of Directors declared an increase to the quarterly cash dividend from $0.06 to $0.07 per share in May 2013, from $0.07 to $0.08 per share in May 2014, and from $0.08 to $0.09 per share in May 2017.  Dividends declared and paid on our common stock totaled $2.7 million or $0.36 per in both 2019 and 2018.  On January 23, 2020, our Board of Directors announced the cessation of our quarterly cash dividend on the Company’s common stock to accelerate the investment in sales and marketing, continued product development and infrastructure of the BOHA! ecosystem.  The final dividend payment was made in December 2019.

Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

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CORPORATE PERFORMANCE GRAPH

The following graph compares the cumulative total return on the Company’s Common Stock from December 31, 2014 through December 31, 2019, with the CRSP Total Return Index for the Nasdaq Stock Market (U.S.) and the Nasdaq Computer Hardware Stocks Index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2014 in each of TransAct’s common stock, the CRSP Total Return Index for the Nasdaq Stock Market (U.S.) and the Nasdaq Computer Manufacturer Stocks Index, and that all dividends were reinvested.

The performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or incorporated by reference into any filings of the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN AMONG

TRANSACT TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED COMMON STOCK,

THE CRSP TOTAL RETURN INDEX FOR THE NASDAQ STOCK MARKET (U.S.),

AND THE NASDAQ COMPUTER MANUFACTURER STOCKS INDEX

	12/31/14		12/31/15		12/31/16		12/31/17		12/31/18		12/31/19
TransAct Technologies Incorporated Common Stock	$	100.00	$	157.04	$	120.66	$	242.23	$	164.17	$	200.55
CRSP Total Return Index for the Nasdaq Stock Market (U.S.)	$	100.00	$	100.48	$	113.55	$	137.83	$	130.33	$	170.96
Nasdaq Computer Hardware Stocks Index	$	100.00	$	91.05	$	104.94	$	150.94	$	141.35	$	259.32

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data (in thousands, except per share amounts)

The following is summarized from our audited financial statements of the past five years:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017		2016		2015
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
Net sales	$	45,748	$	54,587	$	56,311	$	57,235	$	59,676
Gross profit		21,935		26,743		26,662		23,799		24,978
Operating expenses		21,592		19,984		19,848		18,599		20,510
Operating income		343		6,759		6,814		5,200		4,468
Net income		516		5,426		3,211		3,617		3,092
Net income per share:
Basic		0.07		0.73		0.43		0.48		0.40
Diluted		0.07		0.70		0.42		0.47		0.39
Dividends declared and paid per share		0.36		0.36		0.35		0.32		0.32

	December 31,
	2019		2018		2017		2016		2015
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Total assets	$	36,061	$	34,956	$	33,950	$	32,042	$	32,569
Shareholders’ equity		25,926		27,567		26,014		24,109		25,728

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto.

Overview

During the year ended December 31, 2019, we launched our BOHA! software-as-a-service (“SaaS”)-based software and hardware ecosystem. BOHA! is a comprehensive ecosystem of cloud-based SaaS software applications and hardware designed to help restaurant and food service companies automate their back-of-house operations.  BOHA! represents the first single-vendor solution to allow customers to choose from any combination of applications for inventory management, temperature monitoring of food and equipment, food safety labeling, food recalls, checklists & procedures, equipment service management, timers and delivery management.  In order to accelerate the investment in sales and marketing and continued product development of the BOHA! ecosystem, the Board of Directors announced the Company will cease our quarterly dividend on the Company’s common stock.  The final dividend payment was made in December 2019.

During 2019, our sales decreased due to declines in all markets other than food service technology.  POS automation and banking sales declined due to lower sales of our Ithaca 9000 printer to McDonald’s in 2019 compared to higher than normal levels in 2018.  Casino and gaming sales were lower in 2019 due to a large order from a domestic casino operator during 2018 that did not reoccur in 2019 and lower casino and gaming sales to Europe in 2019 compared to 2018 due to a large order from a slot machine manufacturer to replace a competitor’s printer.  Sales for our lottery market and TransAct Services Group (“TSG”) market decreased in 2019 compared to 2018 due to lower sales to International Gaming Technology and its subsidiaries (“IGT”).  TSG sales to IGT decreased due to lower sales of spare parts in the lottery market during 2019 compared to 2018.  These sales declines were as expected as we are no longer focusing on the lottery markets and therefore we expect lottery and TSG sales to continue to decrease in 2020 compared to 2019.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, our total net sales decreased 16% to approximately $45.7 million.  We have reclassified sales of labels and other recurring revenue items, which includes extended warranty and service contracts, and technical support services related to our food service technology market, previously included in TSG to Food Service Technology for all periods presented in this Form 10-K.  See the table below for a breakdown of our sales by market:

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018				$			%
Food service technology	$	6,104	13.3	%	$	5,086	9.3	%	$	1,018		20.0	%
POS automation and banking		5,758	12.6	%		7,273	13.3	%		(1,515	)	(20.8	%)
Casino and gaming		21,529	47.1	%		26,593	48.7	%		(5,064	)	(19.0	%)
Lottery		1,291	2.8	%		3,093	5.7	%		(1,802	)	(58.3	%)
Printrex		1,166	2.6	%		1,297	2.4	%		(131	)	(10.1	%)
TSG		9,900	21.6	%		11,245	20.6	%		(1,345	)	(12.0	%)
	$	45,748	100.0	%	$	54,587	100.0	%	$	(8,839	)	(16.2	%)

Sales of our food service technology products increased 20% in the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018.  In the food service technology market, we focus on providing hardware products, which include terminals, handheld devices, tablets, temperature probes and temperature sensors; in addition to cloud-based software applications, labels and other recurring revenue items.  In 2019, we launched our BOHA! solution, which combines our latest generation terminal, cloud-based software applications and hardware into a unique solution to automate the back-of-house operations in restaurants and food service operations. Food service technology sales increased in 2019 primarily due to a 264% increase in recurring revenue attributable to sales of BOHA!, which sales reflect subscriptions for the related software applications, as well as sales of labels, extended warranty and service contracts, and technical support services.  We expect food service technology to increase in 2020 as we plan to accelerate investments in selling and marketing and product development to exploit the significant market opportunities.

Sales of our POS automation and banking products decreased 21% in the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018.  In the POS market, we focus primarily on supplying printers that print receipts or linerless labels for customers in the restaurant and quick serve markets.  During the year ended December 31, 2019, sales of our Ithaca 9000 printer to McDonald’s slowed from the record pace of the prior two years, which we expect to continue in 2020.  In the banking market, we had focused mainly on supplying printers for use in bank teller stations at banks and financial institutions primarily in the U.S. As we continue to shift our focus to our new food service technology market, we do not expect any future sales of these legacy products, as we exited the banking market at the end of 2018.

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Sales of our casino and gaming products decreased 19% in 2019 compared to 2018.  In our casino and gaming market, our focus lies primarily in supplying printers worldwide for use in slot machines at casinos and racetracks, as well as in other electronic gaming devices that print tickets or receipts. Additionally, we supplement these printer sales with revenue from EPICENTRAL™, our promotional printing system that enables casino operators to create promotional coupons and marketing messages and print them real time at the slot machine. The decrease of casino and gaming printer sales is primarily due to decreased domestic and international sales of our thermal casino printers of 18% and 17%, respectively.  The decrease in domestic thermal casino printers was driven primarily by lower sales to our OEMs and a large order of replacement printers from a domestic casino operator in 2018 that did not reoccur in 2019.  Total casino and gaming sales also decreased, although to a lesser extent, due to a 23% decrease in sales of our international off-premise gaming printers.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, total lottery printer sales decreased approximately 58% due to lower sales to IGT.  Our sales to IGT each year are directly dependent on the timing and number of new and upgraded lottery terminal installations IGT performs and are not indicative of IGT’s overall business or revenue.  On December 31, 2019, we decided to end our non-exclusive agreement with IGT and exit the lottery market as we have shifted our focus to our higher-value, technology-enabled market for food service technology and casino and gaming products.  We do expect IGT to make a last time buy of lottery printers in 2020, with no future sales expected beyond 2020.

Sales of our Printrex branded printers include wide format, rack mounted and vehicle mounted thermal printers used by customers to log and plot oil field and down hole well drilling data in the oil and gas exploration industry.  During the year ended December 31, 2019, we experienced a 10% decline in Printrex oil and gas printer sales.  Although we will continue to fulfill orders from existing customers during 2020, we have shifted our focus away from this market and towards our higher value, technology enabled restaurant solution terminals and casino and gaming products.  

TSG, which sells service, replacement parts and consumable products, including receipt paper, ribbons and inkjet cartridges, continues to offer a recurring revenue stream for the Company.  TSG sales decreased 12% in 2019 from 2018 primarily due to lower sales of lottery printer spare parts to IGT for a legacy lottery printer.  Although the installed base of our thermal lottery printers remains large, we expect sales of spare parts to IGT to decline and overall TSG sales to decrease in 2020 compared to 2019.

Operationally, our gross margin was 47.9% in 2019, a decrease of 110 basis points from 2018 when we reached our highest reported full year gross margin of 49%.

During 2019 our operating margin declined to 0.7% compared to 12.4% in 2018 primarily due to the 16% decline in sales and 8% increase in operating expenses.  Operating expenses increased primarily due to increased investments in the launch of BOHA!.  During 2020, we expect operating expenses to increase more significantly compared to 2019, as we accelerate investment in engineering and selling and marketing to take advantage of the opportunities we see in the food service technology market.

We reported net income of $0.5 million and net income per diluted share of $0.07 for 2019, compared to $5.4 million and net income per diluted share of $0.70 for 2018.  In terms of cash flow for 2019 we generated $4.8 million of cash from operating activities. We also returned $2.7 million to our shareholders during 2019 in the form of cash dividends.  We ended the year with cash and cash equivalents of $4.2 million and no debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2019.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect both Balance Sheet items and Statement of Income categories.  Such estimates and judgments are based upon historical experience and certain assumptions that are believed to be reasonable in the particular circumstances.  We evaluate our assumptions on an ongoing basis by comparing actual results with our estimates.  Actual results may differ from the original estimates.  

The following accounting policies are those that we believe to be most critical in the preparation of our financial statements.  These items utilize assumptions and estimates about the effect of future events that are inherently uncertain and are therefore based on our judgment.  Please refer to Note 2 – Summary of significant accounting policies in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements for a complete listing of our accounting policies.

Revenue Recognition – We account for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We adopted ASC 606 effective January 1, 2018 and elected the modified retrospective approach.  The results for periods before 2018 were not adjusted for the new standard and there was no cumulative effect for the change in accounting at the date of adoption.  In accordance with ASC 606, a performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. Some of our contracts with customers contain a single performance obligation, while other contracts contain multiple performance obligations (most commonly when contracts include a hardware product, software and extended warranties).  A contract's transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied.

The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring services to the customer.  To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, such as price protection, reserves for returns and other allowances, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the “expected value” method or the “most likely amount” method depending on the nature of the variable consideration.  Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur.

For a majority of our revenue, which consists of printers, terminals, consumables, and replacement parts, the Company recognizes revenue as of a point of time.  The transaction price is recognized upon shipment of the order when control of the goods is transferred to the customer and at the time the performance obligation is fulfilled.  We also sell a software solution in our casino and gaming market, EPICENTRAL™, that enables casino operators to create promotional coupons and marketing messages and to print them in real-time at the slot machine.  EPICENTRAL^TM is primarily comprised of both a software component, which is licensed to the customer, and a hardware component.  EPICENTRAL™ software and hardware are integrated to deliver the system's full functionality.  The transaction prices from EPICENTRAL™ software license and hardware are recognized upon installation and formal acceptance by the customer when control of the license is transferred to the customer.  For out-of-warranty repairs, the transaction price is recognized after the repair work is completed and the printer or terminal is returned to the customer, as control of the product is transferred to the customer and our performance obligation is completed.

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Performance obligations are satisfied over time if the customer receives the benefits as we perform work, if the customer controls the asset as it is being produced, or if the product being produced for the customer has no alternative use and we have a contractual right to payment.  For our separately priced extended warranty, BOHA! cloud-based software applications, technical support for our food service technology terminals and maintenance agreements (including free one-year maintenance received by the customers upon completion of EPICENTRAL™ installation) revenue is recognized over time as the customer receives the benefit.  The transaction price from the maintenance services is recognized ratably over time, using output methods, as control of the services is transferred to the customer.  The cloud-based software component of BOHA! allows customers to use hosted software over the contract period without taking possession of the software and are provided on a subscription basis and is recognized ratably over the contract period.  For extended warranties, the transaction price is recognized ratably over the warranty period, using output methods, as control of the services is transferred to the customer.

When there is more than one performance obligation in a customer arrangement, the Company typically uses the “standalone selling price” method to determine the transaction price to allocate to each performance obligation. The Company sells the performance obligations separately and has established standalone selling prices for its products and services.  In the case of an overall price discount, the discount is applied to each performance obligation proportionately based on standalone selling price. To determine the standalone selling price for initial EPICENTRAL™ installations, the Company uses the adjusted market assessment approach.

Accounts Receivable – We have standardized credit granting and review policies and procedures for all customer accounts, including: credit reviews of all new customer accounts; ongoing credit evaluations of current customers; credit limits and payment terms based on available credit information; and adjustments to credit limits based upon payment history and the customer’s current creditworthiness.  We also provide an estimate of doubtful accounts based on historical experience and specific customer collection issues.  Our allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2019 was $221 thousand, or 3.3% of outstanding accounts receivable, which we believe is appropriate considering the overall quality of our accounts receivable.  Although credit losses have historically been within expectations and the reserves established, there is no assurance that our credit loss experience will continue to be consistent with historical experience.

Inventories – Our inventories are stated at the lower of cost (principally standard cost, which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis) or net realizable value. We review net realizable value based on estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completion, disposal and transportation, historical usage and estimates of future demand. Assumptions are reviewed at least quarterly and adjustments are made, as necessary, to reflect changing market conditions. Based on these reviews, inventory write-downs are recorded, as necessary, to reflect estimated obsolescence, excess quantities and net realizable value. Should circumstances change and we determine that additional inventory is subject to obsolescence, additional write-downs of inventory could result in a charge to income.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets – We acquire businesses in purchase transactions that result in the recognition of goodwill and intangible assets. The determination of the value of intangible assets requires management to make estimates and assumptions.  In accordance with ASC 350-20 “Goodwill”, acquired goodwill is not amortized, but is subject to impairment testing at least annually and when an event occurs or circumstances change, which indicate it is more likely than not an impairment exists. Factors considered that may trigger an impairment review are: significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results; significant changes in the manner of use of acquired assets or the strategy for the overall business; significant negative industry or economic trends; and significant decline in market capitalization relative to net book value.  Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized and are tested for impairment when appropriate. We reported $2.6 million of goodwill and $0.8 million of unamortized definite-lived intangible assets at December 31, 2019. We have determined that no goodwill or intangible asset impairment has occurred and the fair value of goodwill was substantially higher than our carrying value based on our assessment as of December 31, 2019 when the impairment review was performed.

Income Taxes – In preparing our Consolidated Financial Statements, we are required to estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate.  This involves estimating the actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences between the tax basis of certain assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements, as well as net operating losses, tax credits and other carryforwards.  These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are reflected in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.  We then assess the likelihood that the deferred tax assets will be realized from future taxable income, and to the extent that we believe that realization is not likely, we establish a valuation allowance.

Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes and, in particular, any valuation allowance or tax reserves with respect to our deferred tax assets and uncertain tax positions.  On a quarterly basis, we evaluate the recoverability of our deferred tax assets based upon historical results and forecasted taxable income over future years, and match this forecast against the basis differences, deductions available in future years and the limitations allowed for net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards to ensure that there is adequate support for the realization of the deferred tax assets. Although we have considered future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance, in the event we were to determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our deferred tax assets in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance or tax reserves would be charged as a reduction to income in the period such determination was made.  Likewise, should we determine that we would be able to realize future deferred tax assets in excess of its net recorded amount, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would increase net income in the period such determination was made.

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes.”  Among other things this provision prescribes a minimum recognition threshold that an income tax position must meet before it is recorded in the reporting entity’s financial statements. It also requires that the effects of such income tax positions be recognized only if, as of the balance sheet reporting date, it is “more likely than not” (i.e., more than a 50% likelihood) that the income tax position will be sustained based solely on its technical merits.  When making this assessment, management must assume that the responsible taxing authority will examine the income tax position and have full knowledge of all relevant facts and other pertinent information.  The accounting guidance also clarifies the method of accruing for interest and penalties when there is a difference between the amount claimed, or expected to be claimed, on a company’s income tax returns and the benefits recognized in the financial statements. See Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements for further details of the impact of the Tax Reform Act.

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Warranty – We generally warrant our products for up to 24 months and record the estimated cost of such product warranties at the time the sale is recorded.  Estimated warranty costs are based upon actual past experience of product repairs and the related estimated cost of labor and material to make the necessary repairs.  If actual future product repair rates or the actual costs of material and labor differ from the estimates, adjustments to the accrued warranty liability and related warranty expense would be made.

Share-Based Compensation – We calculate share-based compensation expense in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation” using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the fair value of share-based awards.  The key assumptions for this valuation method include the expected term of an option grant, stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, and dividend yield.  We account for forfeitures as they occur.

Results of Operations: Year ended December 31, 2019 compared to Year ended December 31, 2018

Net Sales.  Net sales, which include printer, terminal and software sales as well as sales of replacement parts, consumables and maintenance and repair services, by market for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are detailed in the below table.  We have reclassified sales of labels and other recurring revenue items, which includes extended warranty and service contracts, and technical support services related to our food service technology market, previously included in TSG to Food Service Technology for all periods presented in this Form 10-K. 

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018				$			%
Food service technology	$	6,104	13.3	%	$	5,086	9.3	%	$	1,018		20.0	%
POS automation and banking		5,758	12.6	%		7,273	13.3	%		(1,515	)	(20.8	%)
Casino and gaming		21,529	47.1	%		26,593	48.7	%		(5,064	)	(19.0	%)
Lottery		1,291	2.8	%		3,093	5.7	%		(1,802	)	(58.3	%)
Printrex		1,166	2.6	%		1,297	2.4	%		(131	)	(10.1	%)
TSG		9,900	21.6	%		11,245	20.6	%		(1,345	)	(12.0	%)
	$	45,748	100.0	%	$	54,587	100.0	%	$	(8,839	)	(16.2	%)
International*	$	10,416	22.8	%	$	11,069	20.3	%	$	(653	)	(5.9	%)

* International sales do not include sales of products made to domestic distributors or other customers who in turn ship those products to international destinations.

Net sales for 2019 decreased $8.8 million, or 16%, from 2018.  Printer, terminal and other hardware sales volume decreased by 22% to approximately 111,000 units, driven primarily by a 17% decrease in unit volume from the casino and gaming market and, to a lesser extent, a 66% and 22% decrease in the lottery market and POS automation and banking market, respectively. The average selling price of our printers, terminals and other hardware increased 2% during 2019 compared to 2018.

International sales decreased $0.7 million, or 6%, primarily driven by a 7% decrease of international casino and gaming sales.  This increase was partially offset by a 31% increase from our international food service technology market during 2019 compared to 2018.

Food service technology:  The primary offering in the food service technology market is our BOHA! ecosystem, which combines our latest generation terminal, cloud-based software applications and related hardware into a unique solution to automate back-of-house operations in restaurants and food service operations.  The software component of BOHA! consists of a suite of SaaS-based applications, including applications for inventory management, temperature monitoring of food and equipment, timers, food safety labeling, food recalls, checklists and procedures, equipment service management, and delivery management.  These applications are combined into a single platform with the associated hardware, which includes the BOHA! terminal, handheld devices, tablets, temperature probes and temperature sensors. The BOHA! terminal combines the software and hardware components in a device that includes an operating system, touchscreen and one or two thermal print mechanisms that print easy-to-read food rotation labels, grab and go labels for prepared foods, and “enjoy by” date labels.  The BOHA! terminal is equipped with the TransAct Enterprise Management System to ensure that only approved applications and functions are available on the device, and allows over-the-air updates to the applications and operating system.  BOHA! helps food service establishments and restaurants (including fine dining, casual dining, fast casual and quick-serve restaurants, convenience stores, hospitality establishments and contract food service providers) effectively manage food safety and grab-and-go initiatives, as well as automate and manage back-of-house operations.  Recurring revenue from BOHA! is generated by software sales, including software subscriptions that are charged to customers upfront on a per-application basis, as well as sales of labels, extended warranty and service contracts, and technical support services.  In the food service technology market, we use an internal sales force and, to a lesser extent, distributors, to solicit sales directly from end users.  Sales of our worldwide food service technology products for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018				$		%
Domestic	$	5,522	90.5	%	$	4,640	91.2	%	$	882	19.0	%
International		582	9.5	%		446	8.8	%		136	30.5	%
	$	6,104	100.0	%	$	5,086	100.0	%	$	1,018	20.0	%

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018				$			%
Hardware	$	4,169	68.3	%	$	4,555	89.6	%	$	(386	)	(8.5	%)
Software, labels and other recurring revenue		1,935	31.7	%		531	10.4	%		1,404		264.4	%
	$	6,104	100.0	%	$	5,086	100.0	%	$	1,018		20.0	%

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The increase in food service technology sales in 2019 compared to 2018 was driven by sales of our BOHA! software, labels and other recurring revenue.  Sales of BOHA! software, recognized on a SaaS subscription basis, labels and other recurring revenue increased by 264%, including a 241% increase in label sales and an eight-fold increase in software sales (though off a low base for 2018).   Hardware sales declined approximately 9% primarily due to lower sales of our AccuDate 9700 terminal to our former U.S. distributor.  Sales of our new BOHA! terminal and other hardware products partially offset the decline of the AccuDate 9700 terminal, increasing 4% in 2019 compared to 2018.  We expect food service technology sales to increase in 2020 compared to 2019 as we convert the investments we have made, and will continue to make in our BOHA! products, into sales, including recurring software subscription, service and label sales.

International food service technology sales increased during 2019 compared to 2018 primarily due to increased sales of the BOHA! ecosystem to a casino operator in Asia and a quick serve chain in Canada.

POS automation and banking:  Revenue from the POS automation and banking market includes sales of thermal printers used primarily by quick serve restaurants located either at the checkout counter or within self-service kiosks to print receipts for consumers or to print on linerless labels.  In addition, revenue includes sales of inkjet printers used by banks, credit unions and other financial institutions to print deposit or withdrawal receipts and/or validate checks at bank teller stations.  As of December 31, 2018, we exited the banking market, but will continue to fulfill orders from legacy customers until our inventory is exhausted and to sell consumable products through TSG that are compatible with the previously sold inkjet printers.  A summary of sales of our worldwide POS automation and banking products for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018				$			%
Domestic	$	5,714	99.2	%	$	7,122	97.9	%	$	(1,408	)	(19.8	%)
International		44	0.8	%		151	2.1	%		(107	)	(70.9	%)
	$	5,758	100.0	%	$	7,273	100.0	%	$	(1,515	)	(20.8	%)

The decrease in domestic POS automation and banking sales in 2019 compared to 2018 was primarily driven by a 20% decrease in domestic sales of our Ithaca® 9000 printer, as sales to McDonald’s decreased during 2019 compared to 2018, and the decrease in international POS automation and banking sales was primarily due to lower sales of our Ithaca® 9000 printer to our Canadian distributor for McDonald’s during 2019 compared to 2018.  We expect POS automation and banking sales to decrease due to lower expected sales of our Ithaca® 9000 printer to McDonald's in 2020 compared to 2019.

Casino and Gaming: Revenue from the casino and gaming market includes sales of thermal ticket printers used in slot machines, video lottery terminals, and other gaming machines that print tickets or receipts instead of issuing coins at casinos and racetracks and other gaming venues worldwide.  Revenue from this market also includes sales of thermal roll-fed printers used in the international off-premise gaming market in gaming machines such as Amusement with Prizes, Skills with Prizes and Fixed Odds Betting Terminals at non-casino gaming establishments. Revenue from this market also includes royalties related to our patented casino and gaming technology.  In addition, casino and gaming market revenue includes sales of the EPICENTRAL™ print system, our software solution (including annual software maintenance), that enables casino operators to create promotional coupons and marketing messages and to print them real-time at the slot machine.A summary of sales of our worldwide casino and gaming products for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018				$			%
Domestic	$	13,076	60.7	%	$	17,518	65.9	%	$	(4,442	)	(25.4	%)
International		8,453	39.3	%		9,075	34.1	%		(622	)	(6.9	%)
	$	21,529	100.0	%	$	26,593	100.0	%	$	(5,064	)	(19.0	%)

The decrease in domestic sales of our casino and gaming products during 2019 compared to 2018 was due primarily to a 18% decrease in domestic sales of our thermal casino printer, driven primarily by a large order from a domestic casino operator for replacement printers during 2018 that did not reoccur in 2019, as well as lower sales to our domestic OEMs.  Additionally, domestic sales of our off-premise gaming printers decreased 95% during 2019 compared to 2018 due to sales to an OEM in the 2018 period that did not reoccur in 2019.  Domestic EPICENTRAL™ software sales decreased 60%, as we had no new installations during 2019 compared to two new installations during 2018.  Sales of EPICENTRAL™ are project based, and as a result, may fluctuate significantly quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year.

The decrease in international sales in 2019 compared to 2018 was primarily due to a 17% decline in international sales of our thermal casino printer due primarily to lower sales to a large OEM in Europe to replace a competitor’s printer.  The decrease was partially offset by a 26% increase in international sales of our off-premise gaming printers to Europe for sports betting.  Sales of our off-premise gaming printers are largely project-oriented and therefore may fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year.

Lottery:  Revenue from the lottery market includes sales of thermal on-line and other lottery printers primarily to IGT and, to a lesser extent, other lottery system companies for various lottery applications.  A summary of sales of our worldwide lottery printers for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018				$			%
Domestic	$	1,290	99.9	%	$	3,046	98.5	%	$	(1,756	)	(57.6	%)
International		1	0.1	%		47	1.5	%		(46	)	(97.9	%)
	$	1,291	100.0	%	$	3,093	100.0	%	$	(1,802	)	(58.3	%)

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Our sales to IGT are directly dependent on the timing and number of new and upgraded lottery terminal installations that IGT performs, and as a result, may fluctuate significantly quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year.  Our sales to IGT are not indicative of IGT’s overall business or revenue.  We allowed our non-exclusive agreement to provide lottery terminal printers to IGT to expire on December 31, 2019 as we have decided to exit this market and to shift our focus towards our higher-value, technology enabled food service technology and casino and gaming products.  As a result, we expect IGT to make a last time buy in 2020 and expect no future sales beyond 2020.

Printrex:  Printrex branded printers are sold into markets that include wide format, desktop and rack mounted and vehicle mounted black/white thermal printers used by customers to log and plot oil field, seismic and down hole well drilling data in the oil and gas exploration industry.  It also includes high-speed color inkjet desktop printers used to print logs at the data centers of the oil and gas field service companies.  Prior to 2019, revenue in this market also included sales of vehicle mounted printers used to print schematics and certain other critical information in emergency services vehicles and other mobile printing applications. We exited this market at the end of 2018 and do not expect any future sales.  A summary of sales of our worldwide Printrex printers for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018				$			%
Domestic	$	961	82.4	%	$	1,028	79.3	%	$	(67	)	(6.5	%)
International		205	17.6	%		269	20.7	%		(64	)	(23.8	%)
	$	1,166	100.0	%	$	1,297	100.0	%	$	(131	)	(10.1	%)

The decrease in sales of Printrex printers during 2019 compared to 2018 resulted from a 12% decrease in domestic and international sales in the oil and gas market.  This decrease was partially offset by higher sales from the international medical and mobile market which we exited at the end of 2018 but continued to fulfill orders from legacy customers during 2019.

TSG: Revenue generated by our TSG includes sales of consumable products (inkjet cartridges, ribbons, receipt paper, and other printing supplies), replacement parts, maintenance and repair services, testing services, refurbished printers, and shipping and handling charges.  TSG sales for all periods presented in this Form 10-K exclude the sales of labels, extended warranty and service contracts, and technical support services related to our food service technology market, which have been reclassified to food service technology.  A summary of sales in our worldwide TSG market for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018				$			%
Domestic	$	8,769	88.6	%	$	10,164	90.4	%	$	(1,395	)	(13.7	%)
International		1,131	11.4	%		1,081	9.6	%		50		4.6	%
	$	9,900	100.0	%	$	11,245	100.0	%	$	(1,345	)	(12.0	%)

The decrease in domestic revenue from TSG for 2019 as compared to 2018 was due primarily to lower sales of replacement parts and lower sales of consumable products.  Replacement part sales decreased 29% due to lower lottery printer spare parts to IGT.  Consumable sales declined 13% due largely to lower sales of HP inkjet cartridges used in our banking printers, as we exited the banking market at the end of 2018.  These decreases were partially offset by a 24% increase in  service revenue during 2019 compared 2018.  We expect TSG sales to decrease in 2020 compared to 2019 due to lower expected sales of lottery printer spare printer parts to IGT and lower service sales related to a service contract with a banking customer that is expected to end in 2020.

Internationally, TSG revenue increased during 2019 compared to 2018 primarily due to a 18% increase in sales of replacement parts and accessories to international casino and gaming customers.  This increase was partially offset by a 60% decrease of international consumable sales in 2019 compared to 2018.

Gross Profit.  Gross profit information for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is summarized below (in thousands, except percentages):

	December 31,				Percent			Percent of			Percent of
	2019		2018		Change			Total Sales - 2019			Total Sales - 2018
Year ended	$	21,935	$	26,743		(18.0	%)		47.9	%		49.0	%

Gross profit is measured as revenue less cost of sales, which includes primarily the cost of all raw materials and component parts, direct labor, manufacturing overhead expenses, cost of finished products purchased directly from our contract manufacturers and expenses associated with installations and support of our EPICENTRAL^TM print system and BOHA! ecosystem. Gross profit decreased $4.8 million, or 18%, and gross margin decreased 110 basis points due primarily to the 16% sales decrease in 2019 compared to 2018.  The decline in gross margin reflects higher manufacturing overhead expenses including approximately $0.2 million incurred for the new Chinese tariffs and $0.4 million for the write-off of tooling related to a product design change incurred during the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the year ended December 31, 2018.

Operating Expenses - Engineering, Design and Product Development.  Engineering, design and product development information for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is summarized below (in thousands, except percentages):

	December 31,				Percent			Percent of			Percent of
	2019		2018		Change			Total Sales - 2019			Total Sales - 2018
Year ended	$	4,393	$	4,576		(4.0	%)		9.6	%		8.4	%

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Engineering, design and product development expenses primarily includes salary and payroll related expenses for our hardware and software engineering staff, depreciation and design expenses (including prototype printer expenses, outside design, development and testing services, supplies and contract software development expenses).  Engineering, design and product development expenses decreased $183 thousand, or 4%, in 2019 compared to 2018 due primarily to lower expenses related to hardware product development for the food service technology market and casino and gaming market.  We expect engineering, design and product development expenses to increase in 2020 related to accelerated investments planned for our food service technology products.

Operating Expenses - Selling and Marketing.  Selling and marketing information for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is summarized below (in thousands, except percentages):

	December 31,				Percent			Percent of			Percent of
	2019		2018		Change			Total Sales - 2019			Total Sales - 2018
Year ended	$	8,033	$	7,203		11.5	%		17.6	%		13.2	%

Selling and marketing expenses primarily include salaries and payroll related expenses for our sales and marketing staff, sales commissions, travel expenses, expenses associated with the lease of sales offices, advertising, trade show expenses, public relations, e-commerce and other promotional marketing expenses.  Selling and marketing expenses increased $830 thousand, or 12%, in 2019 compared to 2018 due primarily to higher compensation expenses related to the hiring of additional outside sales, technical sales and marketing staff and higher promotional marketing expenses for our food service technology market.  We expect selling and marketing expenses to continue to increase in 2020 as we make substantial strategic investments in our food service technology sales and marketing groups.

Operating Expenses - General and Administrative.  General and administrative information for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is summarized below (in thousands, except percentages):

	December 31,				Percent			Percent of			Percent of
	2019		2018		Change			Total Sales - 2019			Total Sales - 2018
Year ended	$	9,166	$	8,205		11.7	%		20.0	%		15.0	%

General and administrative expenses primarily include salaries, incentive compensation, and other payroll related expenses for our executive, accounting, human resources and information technology staff, expenses for our corporate headquarters, professional and legal expenses, telecommunication expenses, and other expenses related to being a publicly-traded company.  General and administrative expenses increased $961 thousand, or 12%, in 2019 compared to 2018 due primarily to higher professional and legal expenses.  We expect general and administrative expenses to increase in 2020 compared to 2019 due to the hiring of additional administrative staff to support the anticipated growth in the food service technology market.

Operating Income.  Operating income information for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 is summarized below (in thousands, except percentages):

	December 31,				Percent			Percent of			Percent of
	2019		2018		Change			Total Sales – 2019			Total Sales – 2018
Year ended	$	343	$	6,759		(94.9	%)		0.7	%		12.4	%

Our operating income decreased by $6.4 million, or 95%, in 2019 due to a decrease in sales of 16% and an 8% increase in operating expenses related to the investments made in our food service technology market during 2019 compared to 2018.

Interest.  We recorded net interest expense of $11 thousand in 2019 compared to $27 thousand in 2018 primarily due to interest income earned on the note receivable during 2019 partially offsetting interest expense.

Other, net.  We recorded other income of $35 thousand in 2019 compared to other expense of $266 thousand in 2018 primarily due to foreign exchange gains recorded by our UK entity during 2019 compared to foreign exchange losses recorded during 2018.  Going forward, we may continue to experience more foreign exchange gains or losses depending on the level of sales to Europe through our UK subsidiary and the change in exchange rates of the Euro and Pound Sterling against the U.S. dollar.

Income Taxes.  We recorded an income tax benefit during the year ended December 31, 2019 of $149 thousand at an effective tax rate of -40.6%, compared to an income tax provision during the year ended December 31, 2018 of $1.0 million at an effective tax rate of 16.1%.  An income tax benefit was recorded in 2019 primarily due to the impact of  research and development (R&D) credits on a relatively low level of taxable income.

Net Income.  We reported net income of $0.5 million, or $0.07 per diluted share, in 2019 compared to net income of $5.4 million, or $0.70 per diluted share, in 2018.

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Results of Operations: Year ended December 31, 2018 compared to year ended December 31, 2017

Net Sales.  Net sales, which include printer, terminal and software sales as well as sales of replacement parts, consumables and maintenance and repair services, by market for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 are detailed in the below table.  We have reclassified sales of labels and other recurring revenue items, which includes extended warranty and service contracts, and technical support services related to our food service technology market, previously included in TSG to Food Service Technology for all periods presented in this Form 10-K.

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017				$			%
Food service technology	$	5,086	9.3	%	$	4,862	8.6	%	$	224		4.6	%
POS automation and banking		7,273	13.3	%		7,905	14.0	%		(632	)	(8.0	%)
Casino and gaming		26,593	48.7	%		18,615	33.1	%		7,978		42.9	%
Lottery		3,093	5.7	%		9,805	17.4	%		(6,712	)	(68.5	%)
Printrex		1,297	2.4	%		1,052	1.9	%		245		23.3	%
TSG		11,245	20.6	%		14,072	25.0	%		(2,827	)	(20.1	%)
	$	54,587	100.0	%	$	56,311	100.0	%	$	(1,724	)	(3.1	%)
International*	$	11,069	20.3	%	$	7,591	13.5	%	$	3,478		45.8	%

* International sales do not include sales of products made to domestic distributors or other customers who in turn ship those products to international destinations.

Net sales for 2018 decreased $1.7 million, or approximately 3%, from 2017.  Printer and terminal sales volume decreased by 5% to approximately 142,000 units, driven primarily by a 71% decrease in unit volume from the lottery market and, to a lesser extent, a 6% and 18% decrease in the POS automation and banking market and food service technology market, respectively. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in sales volume of 44% in the casino and gaming market.   Although unit volume decreased during 2018 compared to 2017, the average selling price of our printers and terminals increased 7% during 2018 compared to 2017, due primarily to the decreased volume of lottery printers, which carry lower prices than our other products.

International sales increased $3.5 million, or 46%, primarily driven by 81% higher international sales in the casino and gaming market.  This increase was partially offset by a $1.1 million sales decrease in our international lottery market during 2018 compared to 2017.

Food service technology:  A summary of sales of our worldwide food service technology products for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017				$		%
Domestic	$	4,640	91.2	%	$	4,488	92.3	%	$	152	3.4	%
International		446	8.8	%		374	7.7	%		72	19.3	%
	$	5,086	100.0	%	$	4,862	100.0	%	$	224	4.6	%

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017				$			%
Hardware	$	4,555	89.6	%	$	4,758	97.9	%	$	(203	)	(4.3	%)
Software, labels and other recurring revenue		531	10.4	%		104	2.1	%		427		410.6	%
	$	5,086	100.0	%	$	4,862	100.0	%	$	224		4.6	%

The increase in food service technology sales in 2018 compared to 2017 was due to increased sales of our labels and other recurring revenue, primarily increased label sales which more than quadrupled in 2018 compared 2017.  Hardware sales declined 4% in 2018 compared to 2017 due to lower sales of our AccuDate 9700 terminal for McDonald’s.  This decrease was partially offset by increased sales of our newer AccuDate XL2e terminal, which was renamed to our BOHA! terminal in 2019, to three large corporate customers.

International food service technology sales increased during 2018 compared to 2017 due to increased sales of the AccuDate 9700 for McDonald’s through our Canadian distributor.

POS automation and banking:  A summary of sales of our worldwide POS automation and banking products for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017				$			%
Domestic	$	7,122	97.9	%	$	7,596	96.1	%	$	(474	)	(6.2	%)
International		151	2.1	%		309	3.9	%		(158	)	(51.1	%)
	$	7,273	100.0	%	$	7,905	100.0	%	$	(632	)	(8.0	%)

The decrease in domestic POS automation and banking sales in 2018 compared to 2017 was primarily driven by a 75% decrease in sales of our legacy banking and other POS printers.  These decreases were partially offset by a slight increase in domestic sales of our Ithaca® 9000 printers of 1% during 2018 compared to 2017, as sales rebounded to 2017, near-record levels during the second and third quarters of 2018.

International POS automation and banking sales decreased due to lower sales of our Ithaca® 9000 printer to our Canadian distributor for McDonald’s during 2018 compared to 2017.

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Casino and gaming:  A summary of sales of our worldwide casino and gaming products for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017				$		%
Domestic	$	17,518	65.9	%	$	13,608	73.1	%	$	3,910	28.7	%
International		9,075	34.1	%		5,007	26.9	%		4,068	81.2	%
	$	26,593	100.0	%	$	18,615	100.0	%	$	7,978	42.9	%

The increase in domestic sales of our casino and gaming products was due primarily to a 20% increase in domestic sales of our thermal casino printer in 2018 compared to 2017, driven primarily by increased sales to our OEMs and a large order from a domestic casino operator for replacement printers.  Domestic sales also increased during 2018 due to a significant sale of our off-premise gaming printers to an OEM.  Sales of EPICENTRAL™ software during 2018 were comparable with our 2017 EPICENTRAL™ sales as we completed two new installations during both 2018 and 2017. 

The increase in international sales in 2018 compared to 2017 was due to a 143% increase of thermal casino printer sales.  These increases were due to the successful transition away from using our previous exclusive worldwide distributor whose contract ended at the end of 2017 and using our new direct sales team to sell to end user casino and gaming customers in Europe.  These increases were partially offset by a 5% decrease in international sales of off-premise gaming printers.

Lottery:  A summary of sales of our worldwide lottery printers for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017				$			%
Domestic	$	3,046	98.5	%	$	8,626	88.0	%	$	(5,580	)	(64.7	%)
International		47	1.5	%		1,179	12.0	%		(1,132	)	(96.0	%)
	$	3,093	100.0	%	$	9,805	100.0	%	$	(6,712	)	(68.5	%)

Our sales to IGT are directly dependent on the timing and number of new and upgraded lottery terminal installations that IGT performs, and as a result, may fluctuate significantly quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year.  However, our lottery market sales are not indicative of IGT’s overall business or revenue. 

The decrease in international lottery sales in 2018 compared to 2017 was primarily due to a sale of lottery printers to IGT for the Canadian lottery in 2017 and no comparable sale occurring in 2018.

Printrex: A summary of sales of our worldwide Printrex printers for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017				$		%
Domestic	$	1,028	79.3	%	$	849	80.7	%	$	179	21.1	%
International		269	20.7	%		203	19.3	%		66	32.5	%
	$	1,297	100.0	%	$	1,052	100.0	%	$	245	23.3	%

The increase in Printrex sales in 2018 compared to 2017 resulted from a 57% increase in domestic and international sales of our oil and gas printers due to a continued recovery in the oil and gas market.  This increase was partially offset by 87% lower sales of domestic and international medical and mobile printers in 2018 compared to 2017.

TSG:  A summary of sales in our worldwide TSG market for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

	Year Ended				Year Ended				Change
(In thousands)	December 31, 2018				December 31, 2017				$			%
Domestic	$	10,164	90.4	%	$	13,553	96.3	%	$	(3,389	)	(25.0	%)
International		1,081	9.6	%		519	3.7	%		562		108.3	%
	$	11,245	100.0	%	$	14,072	100.0	%	$	(2,827	)	(20.1	%)

The decrease in domestic revenue from TSG in 2018 compared to 2017 was due primarily to lower sales of replacement parts, non-Printrex consumable products and service revenue.  Replacement part sales decreased 36% due to lower sales of lottery printer spare parts to IGT.  Non-Printrex consumables sales declined 10% due to lower sales of our legacy HP inkjet cartridges used in our banking printers, as we exited the banking market at the end of 2018.  Service revenue declined 14% in 2018 compared to 2017 due to paper testing sales that occurred in 2017 but did not repeat in 2018. 

Internationally, TSG revenue increased primarily due to a 134% increase in sales of replacement parts and accessories in 2018 compared to 2017, as sales of replacement parts and accessories to international casino and gaming customers increased upon the transition away from using our previous exclusive worldwide distributor and using our new direct sales team to sell to end user casino and gaming customers.

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Gross Profit.  Gross profit information for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is summarized below (in thousands, except percentages):

	December 31,				Percent			Percent of			Percent of
	2018		2017		Change			Total Sales - 2018			Total Sales - 2017
Year ended	$	26,743	$	26,662		0.3	%		49.0	%		47.3	%

Gross profit increased $81 thousand, or less than 1%, and gross margin increased 170 basis points due primarily to a more favorable sales mix in 2018 compared to 2017.  The increased gross margin reflected a favorable shift in sales mix towards higher-value, technology driven solutions, as well as lower sales volume of lottery and POS printers, which carry lower margins than our other products.

Operating Expenses - Engineering, Design and Product Development.  Engineering, design and product development information for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is summarized below (in thousands, except percentages):

	December 31,				Percent			Percent of			Percent of
	2018		2017		Change			Total Sales - 2018			Total Sales - 2017
Year ended	$	4,576	$	4,303		6.3	%		8.4	%		7.6	%

Engineering, design and product development expenses increased $273 thousand, or 6%, in 2018 compared to 2017 due primarily to the hiring of additional engineering staff and increased expenses related to product development for the food service technology and casino and gaming markets.

Operating Expenses - Selling and Marketing.  Selling and marketing information for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is summarized below (in thousands, except percentages):

	December 31,				Percent			Percent of			Percent of
	2018		2017		Change			Total Sales - 2018			Total Sales - 2017
Year ended	$	7,203	$	7,561		(4.7	%)		13.2	%		13.4	%

Selling and marketing expenses decreased $358 thousand, or 5%, in 2018 compared to 2017 primarily due to the retirement of our EVP, Sales and Marketing in December 2017, whose position was replaced by an existing employee of TransAct, as well as the elimination of sales commission expense to our former international casino and gaming distributor, Suzo-Happ.  These decreases were partially offset by the hiring of additional sales staff to replace our former exclusive worldwide distributor with a direct selling team for our casino and gaming sales in Europe.

Operating Expenses - General and Administrative.  General and administrative information for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is summarized below (in thousands, except percentages):

	December 31,				Percent			Percent of			Percent of
	2018		2017		Change			Total Sales - 2018			Total Sales - 2017
Year ended	$	8,205	$	7,984		2.8	%		15.0	%		14.2	%

General and administrative expenses increased $221 thousand, or 3%, in 2018 compared to 2017 due primarily to increased legal expenses and increased administrative expenses related to the expansion of our food service technology sales staff and transitioning to a direct selling model for the casino and gaming market in Europe.  These increases were partially offset by lower incentive compensation expense in 2018 compared to 2017.

Operating Income (Loss).  Operating income information for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is summarized below (in thousands, except percentages):

	December 31,				Percent			Percent of			Percent of
	2018		2017		Change			Total Sales – 2018			Total Sales – 2017
Year ended	$	6,759	$	6,814		(0.8	%)		12.4	%		12.1	%

Our operating income decreased by $55 thousand, or 1%.  Despite a sales decline of 3% our operating margin improved, increasing 30 basis points to 12.4% in 2018 compared to 12.1% in 2017, largely due to a 170 basis point increase in gross margin somewhat offset by a 1% increase in operating expenses.

Interest.  We recorded net interest expense of $27 thousand in 2018 compared to $33 thousand in 2017.

Other, net.  We recorded other expense of $266 thousand in 2018 compared to $9 thousand in 2017.  The additional expense was due to higher foreign currency exchange losses recorded by our U.K. subsidiary in 2018 compared to 2017.

Income Taxes.  We recorded an income tax provision during the year ended December 31, 2018 of $1.0 million at an effective tax rate of 16.1%, compared to an income tax provision during the year ended December 31, 2017 of $3.6 million at an effective tax rate of 52.6%.  The effective tax rate in 2018 was lower than the effective tax rate in 2017 due to the enactment of the Tax Reform Act that was signed on December 22, 2017.  Additionally, the effective tax rate in 2017 was unusually high due to the initial impact of the Tax Reform Act as we recognized a provisional $1.3 million charge to income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 as a result of revaluing our net deferred tax assets using the new U.S. corporate tax rate of 21%.

Net Income.  We reported net income during 2018 of $5.4 million, or $0.70 per diluted share, compared to $3.2 million, or $0.42 per diluted share, for 2017.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund our operating, investing and financing activities.  Significant factors affecting the management of liquidity are cash flows from operating activities, capital expenditures, access to bank lines of credit and our ability to attract long-term capital with satisfactory terms.

Internal cash generation together with currently available cash and cash equivalents, available borrowing facilities and an ability to access credit lines, if needed, are expected to be sufficient to fund operations, capital expenditures, and any increase in working capital that would be required to accommodate a higher level of business activity.  We may actively seek to expand by acquisition as well as through the growth of our current business.  While a significant acquisition may require additional debt and/or equity financing, although no assurances can be given, we believe that we would be able to obtain additional financing based on our available collateral and historical earnings performance.

Cash Flow

During 2019 our cash balance decreased $0.5 million, or 10%, from December 31, 2018 and we returned cash to shareholders of $2.7 million in the form of cash dividends paid to common shareholders.  Additionally, we issued a note receivable of $1 million to a third party in 2019.  Even after funding these items and our capital expenditures, we had $4.2 million in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2019, of which $0.9 million was held by our UK subsidiary, and no debt outstanding.

Operating activities:  The following significant factors primarily affected our cash provided by operating activities of $4.8 million in 2019 as compared to $5.1 million in 2018. During 2019:

● We reported a net income of $0.5 million.

● We recorded depreciation and amortization of $1.4 million and share-based compensation expense of $0.7 million.

● Accounts receivable decreased $1.6 million, or 20%, primarily due to strong collections on receivables during the fourth quarter of 2019.

● Inventories decreased $0.8 million, or 6%, primarily due to the utilization of inventory on hand to fulfill sales.

● Prepaid income taxes decreased $0.6 million, or 71%, primarily due to an income tax refund received in the fourth quarter of 2019.

● Other current and long-term assets increased $0.3 million, or 47%, due primarily to an advanced payment of royalty fees to a technology partner for food service technology.

● Accounts payable decreased $0.5 million, or 15%, primarily due to the utilization of inventory on hand to fulfill sales requiring a lower level of inventory purchases during the second half of 2019.

● Accrued liabilities and other liabilities increased $0.4 million, or 11%, due primarily to an increase in deferred revenue related to our food service technology service contracts and software subscriptions.

 During 2018:

● We reported a net income of $5.4 million.

● We recorded depreciation and amortization of $1.0 million and share-based compensation expense of $0.6 million.

● Accounts receivable decreased $2.7 million, or 25%, primarily due to the collection of past due receivables from 2017 sales made to our former international casino and gaming distributor.

● Inventories increased $4.0 million, or 46%, primarily due to the buildup of inventory on hand to support future anticipated sales in the casino and gaming market and food service technology market.

● Accounts payable decreased $0.3 million, or 9%, primarily due to the timing of inventory purchases in 2017 compared to 2018.

● Accrued liabilities and other liabilities decreased $0.2 million, or 5%, due primarily to a decrease in our accrued incentive compensation.

Investing activities:  Our capital expenditures, including capitalized software costs, were $1.4 million and $1.5 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively.  Expenditures in 2019 were primarily for new product tooling equipment, and, to a lesser extent, computer and networking equipment.  Expenditures in 2018 were primarily for computer and networking equipment and furniture and fixtures purchases related to investments made in our UK facility to support the build-out of our internal sales infrastructure to sell directly to slot machine manufacturers and end-user casino and gaming customers.  To a lesser extent, expenditures in 2018 included computer and networking equipment for our U.S. operations and leasehold improvements made at our Las Vegas facility. 

Capital expenditures and additions to capitalized software for 2020 are expected to be approximately $1.1 million, primarily for new product tooling, new computer software and equipment purchases and leasehold improvements to support our food service technology market.

Financing activities:  We used $2.9 million of cash from financing activities during 2019 to pay dividends of $2.7 million and $0.2 million related to the relinquishment of shares to pay for withholding taxes on stock issued from our stock compensation plan.  During 2018, we used $4.5 million of cash to pay dividends of $2.7 million to common shareholders, purchase $2 million of common stock for treasury and $0.3 million related to the relinquishment of shares to pay for withholding taxes on stock issued from our stock compensation plan, partially offset by proceeds from stock option exercises of $0.4 million.  

Resource Sufficiency

We believe that our cash and cash equivalents on hand, cash flows generated from operating activities and access to our credit facility will provide sufficient resources to meet our working capital needs, finance our capital expenditures, support planned investments for our food service technology market and meet our liquidity requirements through at least the next twelve months.

Credit Facility and Borrowings

During 2019 we maintained a credit facility (the “TD Bank Credit Facility”) with TD Bank N.A. (“TD Bank) which provided for a $20 million revolving credit line.  On November 21, 2017, we signed an amendment to the TD Bank Credit Facility through November 28, 2022.  Borrowings under the revolving credit line bear a floating rate of interest at the prime rate minus one percent and are secured by a lien on all our assets.  We also pay a fee of 0.125% on unused borrowings under the revolving credit line.  The amendment increased the amount of revolving credit loans we may use to fund future cash dividend payments or treasury share buybacks to $12.5 million from $10 million.

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The TD Bank Credit Facility imposes certain quarterly financial covenants on us and restricts, among other things, our ability to incur additional indebtedness and the creation of other liens. On November 6, 2019, we amended our TD Credit Facility to change the definition of interest expense to exclude fees paid on unused borrowings under the revolving credit line which is used to calculate total debt service in the operating cash flow to total debt service.  Additionally, the amendment limited our maximum loan amount to $1 million.  We were in compliance with all financial covenants of the TD Bank Credit Facility at December 31, 2019.

Financial Covenant	Requirement/Restriction	Calculation at December 31, 2019
Operating cash flow / Total debt service	Minimum of 1.25 times	0
Funded debt / EBITDA	Maximum of 3.0 times	0 times

As of December 31, 2019, we had no outstanding borrowings under the TD Bank Credit facility. 

On March 13, 2020 we terminated our TD Bank Credit Facility and signed a $10 million credit facility (the “Siena Credit Facility”) with Siena Lending Group LLC.    The Siena Credit Facility replaced our TD Bank Credit Facility.  The Siena Credit Facility provides for a $10 million revolving credit line expiring on March 13, 2023.  Borrowings under the Siena Credit Facility bear a floating rate of interest equal to the greatest of (i) the prime rate plus 1.75%, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 2.25%, and (iii) 6.50%. We incurred a closing fee of $63 thousand payable 50% on the closing date and 50% on the first anniversary of the closing date.  We will also pay a fee of 0.50% on unused borrowings under the facility.  Borrowings under the facility are secured by a lien on substantially all the assets of the Company.  The Siena Credit Facility imposes certain financial covenants on the Company and borrowings are subject to a borrowing base based on (i) 85% of eligible accounts receivable plus the lesser of (a) $5,000,000 and (b) 50% of eligible raw material and 60% of finished good inventory.

Shareholder Dividend Payments

In 2012, our Board of Directors initiated a quarterly cash dividend program which is subject to the Board’s approval each quarter.  Our Board of Directors declared an increase to the quarterly cash dividend from $0.06 to $0.07 per share in May 2013, from $0.07 to $0.08 per share in May 2014, and from $0.08 to $0.09 per share in May 2017.  Dividends declared and paid on our common stock totaled $2.7 million or $0.36 per in both 2019 and 2018.  On January 23, 2020, our Board of Directors announced the cessation of our quarterly cash dividend on the Company’s common stock to accelerate the investment in sales and marketing, continued product development and infrastructure of the BOHA! ecosystem.  The final dividend payment was made in December 2019.

Stock Repurchase Program

Prior to its expiration on December 31, 2019, we maintained a stock repurchase program (the "2018 Stock Repurchase Program") whereby we were authorized to repurchase up to $5 million of our outstanding shares of common stock from time to time in the open market at prevailing market prices based on market conditions, share price and other factors.  We use the cost method to account for treasury stock purchases, under which the price paid for the stock is charged to the treasury stock account.  Repurchases of our common stock are accounted for as of the settlement date.  During 2019 we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock.  From the start of the 2018 Stock Repurchase Program on March 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018, we repurchased  156,410 shares of our common stock for approximately $2.0 million at an average price per share of $12.79. 

In 2017, under a prior repurchase program that was in place from February 25, 2016 through December 31, 2017, we purchased 36,465 shares of our common stock for $0.4 million at an average price of $9.84 per share.  From January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2019, we repurchased a total of 4,044,842 shares of common stock for $32.1 million, at an average price of $7.94 per share.

Shareholders’ Equity

Shareholders’ equity decreased $1.6 million, or 6%, to $25.9 million at December 31, 2019 from $27.6 million at December 31, 2018.  The decrease was due to the payment of $2.7 million in dividends during 2019 and $0.2 million related to the relinquishment of stock awards to pay for withholding taxes on stock awards.  These decreases were partially offset by net income of $0.5 million, as well as share-based compensation expense related to stock awards of $0.7 million.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of December 31, 2019, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have had or that we expect would be reasonably likely to have a future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2019 were as follows:

	Payments due by period
(In thousands)	Total		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years
Operating lease obligations	$	3,344	$	1,042	$	1,145	$	541	$	616
Purchase obligations		9,056	$	9,056	$	-		–		–
Total	$	12,400	$	10,098	$	1,145	$	541	$	616

Purchase obligations are for purchases made in the normal course of business to meet operational requirements, primarily of fully assembled printers, terminals and component part inventory.

Impact of Inflation

We believe that our business has not been affected to a significant degree by inflationary trends during the past three years.  However, inflation is still a factor in the worldwide economy and may increase the cost of purchasing products from our contract manufacturers in Asia, as well as the cost of certain raw materials, component parts and labor used in the production of our products.  It also may increase our operating expenses, manufacturing overhead expenses and the cost to acquire or replace fixed assets.  We have generally been able to maintain or improve our profit margins through productivity and efficiency improvements, cost reduction programs and to a lesser extent, price increases, and we expect to be able to do the same during 2020.  As such, we do not believe that inflation will have a significant impact on our business during 2020.

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Interest Rate Risk

Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to the investment of our available cash and cash equivalents.  In accordance with our investment policy, we strive to achieve above market rates of return in exchange for accepting a prudent amount of incremental risk, which includes the risk of interest rate movements.  Risk tolerance is constrained by an overriding objective to preserve capital.  An increase or decrease of 10% in effective interest rates would not have a material effect on our results of operations or cash flows.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

Transaction Exposure – We transact business in foreign currencies and have international revenue, as well as costs denominated in foreign currencies which are the Euro and Pound Sterling.  As a result, we are exposed to the risk of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.  Accordingly, changes in exchange rates, and in particular a strengthening of the U.S. dollar, would negatively affect our revenue and other operating results as expressed in U.S. dollars.

Beginning in 2018, we have experienced increased fluctuations in our net loss as a result of transaction gains or losses related to revaluation and ultimately settling certain asset and liability balances that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of our UK subsidiary, which is Pound Sterling.  Net realized and unrealized foreign currency gains were $35 thousand in 2019 and net realized and unrealized losses were $267 thousand and $11 thousand in 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The change in foreign currency gains and losses is primarily a result of increased sales recognized by our U.K. subsidiary upon the adoption of a direct selling model in Europe in 2018.  We do not use derivative financial instruments to manage foreign currency exchange risk exposure.  As a result, both positive and negative currency fluctuations against the U.S. dollar may affect our results of operations.  Based on our foreign currency exposures from monetary assets and liabilities, we estimate that a 10% change in exchange rates against the U.S. dollar would have resulted in a gain or loss of approximately $280 thousand as of December 31, 2019.

Translation Exposure – We are also exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations as we translate the financial statements of our UK subsidiary into U.S. dollars in consolidation.  If there is a change in foreign currency exchange rates, the translating adjustments resulting from the conversion of our U.K. subsidiary into U.S. dollars would result in a gain or loss recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss which is part of stockholders’ equity.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

The financial statements of the Company are annexed to this Annual Report as pages F-3 through F-21.  The “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” is annexed to this Annual Report as of page F-2.  An index to such materials appears on page F-1.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of December 31, 2019.  In the Amendment to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on November 21, 2019, we disclosed that management, including our CEO and CFO, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2018, due to material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as described below. As of December 31, 2019, these material weaknesses were not fully remediated and our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2019.  Management has begun remediation efforts, which are described below.

Notwithstanding these material weaknesses, our management, including our CEO and CFO, has concluded that our consolidated financial statements, included in this Form 10-K, fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, and that they can still be relied upon.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

26

Our management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. Our management based its assessment on criteria established in Internal Control–Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“2013 COSO”).  In the opinion of management, TransAct did not maintain effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 solely because of the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting described below that existed as of December 31, 2018 and were not remediated as of December 31, 2019.

A material weakness is defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act as a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

We identified the following control deficiencies that constituted material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

We did not design and maintain effective controls over user access within the Company’s ERP system, Oracle, to ensure appropriate segregation of duties and to adequately restrict user access to appropriate personnel.  Specifically, the provisioning and user recertification controls are not designed to ensure users maintain proper segregation of duties and therefore could have inappropriate access rights. (the “Access Control Weakness”).

We did not design and maintain effective controls over the completeness and accuracy of information included in key spreadsheets supporting our accounting records (the “Spreadsheet Control Weakness”).

The control deficiencies constituted material weaknesses but did not result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidated financial statements. However, if these material weaknesses are not remediated, a material misstatement of account balances or disclosures may not be prevented, and may go undetected, which could result in a material misstatement of future annual or interim consolidated financial statements.

The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears on pages F-2 through F-3 of this Form 10-K.

Remediation Plan

During 2019, we commenced developing and implementing a plan to enhance the design and operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, which includes taking the following steps to remediate the identified control deficiencies and material weaknesses:

To address the Access Control Weakness, we are utilizing the services of an Oracle consulting firm to assist us in analyzing and reviewing Oracle access for all users.  During the first quarter of 2020, we completed the analysis and have developed an action plan to modify the designated Oracle responsibilities for each employee with respect to whom a conflict was identified to remove any Oracle transactional responsibilities that we believe are conflicting and, in some instances, we will reassign those responsibilities to a different employee to ensure proper segregation of duties.  We have begun the design and testing of the new Oracle responsibilities created.  In addition, we plan to enhance and implement provisioning and user certification controls to ensure we maintain the appropriate segregation of duties within Oracle following the analysis.

To address the Spreadsheet Control Weakness, for each key spreadsheet using Oracle data, we plan to evaluate and determine (1) if a standard Oracle report exists containing the same information as the spreadsheet, and if so, we would utilize the standard Oracle report (without modification) instead of the spreadsheet to support our accounting records and (2) if a standard Oracle report cannot be used, we will implement a new key control whereby an employee performs a formal validation that the information from Oracle is completely and accurately transferred (automatically or manually) to a spreadsheet by verifying totals and other information on a test basis.  For all other key spreadsheets, we plan to design and implement a new key control to validate completeness and accuracy of information supporting our accounting records.  During the first quarter of 2020, we began the process of evaluating each key spreadsheet based on the above criteria, and for several key spreadsheets, we implemented a new key control to validate the completeness and accuracy of the information contained within and supporting each such spreadsheet.

We believe these steps will address the material weaknesses described above.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information.

Not applicable.

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PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

Set forth in Item 1 of this Form 10-K is certain information regarding our executive officers.  The remaining information in response to this item will be contained in our Proxy Statement  for our 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “Proxy Statement”) under the headings, “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reportings,” “Corporate Governance,” “Proposal 1: Election of Directors,” “Audit Committee Report,” “Executive Compensation – Compensation Committee Report,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Stockholder Proposals for 2020 Annual Meeting,” “Procedures for Submitted Director Nominations and Recommendations” and “Stockholder Communications with the Board of Directors Policy,” which will be filed within 120 days after the end of the year covered by this Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by reference.

Code of Ethics

We maintain a Code of Business Conduct that includes our code of ethics that is applicable to all employees, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Controller.  Our Code of Business Conduct, which requires continued observance of high ethical standards, such as honesty, integrity and compliance with the law in the conduct of our business, is available for public access on our Internet website at https://transacttech.gcs-web.com/corporate-governance.  Any person may request a copy of our Code of Business Conduct free of charge by calling (203) 859-6800.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The information in response to this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the heading “Executive Compensation,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

Set forth below is certain information regarding our equity compensation plans.  The remaining information in response to this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the heading, “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

Information regarding our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2019 is as follows:

Plan category	(a) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights		(b) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights		(c) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders:
2005 Equity Incentive Plan		363,500	$	9.18		–
2014 Equity Incentive Plan		869,543		8.29		332,541
Total		1,233,043	$	8.56		332,541

In May 2014, our stockholders approved the adoption of the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.  In May 2017, our stockholders approved an amendment to the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the number of shares of common stock which may be subject to awards granted under the plan from 600,000 to its current level of 1,400,000.  The Company also maintains the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan; however no new awards will be available for future issuance under this plan.  Both plans generally provide for award in the form of: (i) incentive stock options, (ii) non-qualified stock options, (iii) restricted stock, (iv) restricted stock units (which may include performance-based vesting), (v) stock appreciation rights or (vi) limited stock appreciation rights.  The Company does not have any equity plans that have not been approved by its stockholders.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

The information in response to this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the headings “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

The information in response to this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement under the headings, “Policy Regarding Pre-Approval of Services Provided by the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” and “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s Services and Fee’s” and is incorporated herein by reference.

28

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K:

1. Financial Statements.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018

Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

2. Schedules.

All schedules are omitted because they are either inapplicable or not required, or because the information required therein is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto.

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3. Exhibits.

Exhibits Index

3.1(a)	Certificate of Incorporation of TransAct Technologies Incorporated (conformed copy) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i) of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on August 9, 2019).
3.1(b)	Certificate of Designation, Series A Preferred Stock, filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on December 2, 1997 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit C of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on February 18, 1999).
3.1(c)	Certificate of Designation, Series B Preferred Stock, filed with the Secretary of State of Delaware on April 6, 2000 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1(c) of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on May 8, 2000).
3.2	Amended and Restated By-laws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on August 2, 2019).
4.1	Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (No. 333-06895) filed with the SEC on August 1, 1996).
4.2*	Description of Securities.
10.1(x)	2005 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on June 1, 2005).
10.2(x)	2014 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on May 19, 2014).
10.3(x)	Amendment to 2014 Equity Incentive Plan approved by Shareholders on May 22, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on August 9, 2017).
10.4(x)	2014 Equity Incentive Plan Time-based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on May 6, 2016).
10.5(x)	2014 Equity Incentive Plan Performance-based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 000-211121) filed with the SEC on August 8, 2016).
10.6(x)	Employment Agreement, dated July 31, 1996, by and between TransAct and Bart C. Shuldman (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1/A (No. 333-06895) filed with the SEC on August 1, 1996).
10.7(x)	Severance Agreement by and between TransAct and Steven A. DeMartino, dated June 1, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on March 16, 2005).
10.8(x)	Severance Agreement by and between TransAct and Tracey S. Chernay, dated July 29, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on March 14, 2008).
10.9(x)	Amendment to Employment Agreement, effective January 1, 2008, by and between TransAct and Bart C. Shuldman (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on March 16, 2009).
10.10(x)	Amendment to Severance Agreement by and between TransAct and Steven A. DeMartino, effective January 1, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on March 16, 2009).
10.11(x)	Amendment to Severance Agreement by and between TransAct and Tracey S. Chernay, effective January 1, 2008 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on March 16, 2009).
10.12	Lease Agreement by and between Bomax Properties and Ithaca, dated as of March 23, 1992 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-06895) filed with the SEC on June 26, 1996).
10.13	Second Amendment to Lease Agreement by and between Bomax Properties and Ithaca, dated December 2, 1996 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on March 31, 1998).
10.14	Agreement regarding the Continuation and Renewal of Lease by and between Bomax Properties, LLC and TransAct, dated July 18, 2001(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on March 29, 2002).
10.15	Amendment No. 1 to Lease Agreement between Bomax Properties, LLC and TransAct (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on May 10, 2012).
10.16	Amendment No. 2 to Lease Agreement between Bomax Properties, LLC and TransAct, dated January 14, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on March 11, 2016).
10.17	Amendment No. 3 to Lease Agreement between Bomax Properties, LLC and TransAct, dated February 28, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on March 4, 2020).
10.18	Lease Agreement by and between Las Vegas Airport Properties LLC and TransAct dated December 2, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on March 16, 2005).
10.19	First Amendment to Lease Agreement by and between Las Vegas Airport Properties LLC and TransAct dated August 31, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on March 16, 2010).
10.20	Second Amendment to Lease Agreement by and between The Realty Associates Fund IX LP and TransAct dated June 30, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on August 7, 2015).
10.21	Lease Agreement by and between 2319 Hamden Center I, L.L.C. and TransAct dated November 27, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on March 15, 2007).
10.22	First Amendment to Lease by and between 2319 Hamden Center I, L.L.C. and TransAct dated January 3, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on March 16, 2017).
10.23	Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Security Agreement between TransAct and TD Banknorth, N.A. dated November 28, 2006 (incorporated by reference filed with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-21121)for the year ended December 31, 2006).
10.24	First Amendment to Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Security Agreement between TransAct and TD Banknorth, N.A. effective September 30, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on November 9, 2007).
10.25	Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Security Agreement between TransAct and TD Bank, N.A. effective November 22, 2011 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on March 12, 2012).
10.26	Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Security Agreement effective September 7, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on September 11, 2012).
10.27	Fourth Amendment to Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Security Agreement effective November 26, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on December 1, 2014).
10.28	Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Revolving Credit and Security Agreement effective November 21, 2017 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (SEC File No. 000-21121) filed with the SEC on November 22, 2017)..
21	Subsidiaries of the Company
23	Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
31.1	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer in accordance with Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

30

*          These exhibits are filed herewith.

(x) Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

(a) Exhibits.

The Exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act are included in the Exhibit Index above under a(3) of this Item 15.

(b) Financial Statement Schedules.

See the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-K.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

Not applicable.

31

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

TRANSACT TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED
By:	/s/ Bart C. Shuldman
Name:	Bart C. Shuldman
Title:	Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Date: March 16, 2020

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature	Title	Date
/s/ Bart C. Shuldman	Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer	March 16, 2020
Bart C. Shuldman	(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Steven A. DeMartino	President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary	March 16, 2020
Steven A. DeMartino	(Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ David B. Peters	Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer	March 16, 2020
David B. Peters	(Principal Accounting Officer)
/s/ John M. Dillon	Director	March 16, 2020
John M. Dillon
/s/ Emanuel P. N. Hilario	Director	March 16, 2020
Emanuel P. N. Hilario
/s/ Haydee Olinger	Director	March 16, 2020
Haydee Olinger
/s/ Thomas R. Schwarz	Director	March 16, 2020
Thomas R. Schwarz

32

TRANSACT TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	F-3
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018	F-4
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017	F-5
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017	F-6
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017	F-7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017	F-8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-9

F-1

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of TransAct Technologies Incorporated

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of TransAct Technologies Incorporated and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company did not maintain, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO because material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting existed as of that date related to the Company not designing and maintaining effective controls over (i) user access within the Company’s ERP system, Oracle, to ensure appropriate segregation of duties and to adequately restrict user access to appropriate personnel, and (ii) the completeness and accuracy of information included in key spreadsheets supporting the Company’s accounting records.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weaknesses referred to above are described in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. We considered these material weaknesses in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2019 consolidated financial statements, and our opinion regarding the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting does not affect our opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases in 2019.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in management's report referred to above. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

F-2

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Hartford, Connecticut

March 16, 2020

We have served as the Company's auditor since 1996.

F-3

TRANSACT TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share data)

	December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Assets:
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	4,203		$	4,691
Accounts receivable, net		6,418			8,025
Note receivable		1,017,000			–
Inventories, net		12,099			12,835
Prepaid income taxes		180			809
Other current assets		998			677
Total current assets		24,915			27,037
Fixed assets, net		2,244			2,272
Right-of-use asset		2,855,000			–
Goodwill		2,621			2,621
Deferred tax assets		2,565			2,198
Intangible assets, net		817			797
Other assets		44			31
		11,146			7,919
Total assets		36,061			34,956
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity:
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,960		$	3,483
Accrued liabilities		3,041			2,765
Lease liability		945,000			–
Deferred revenue		700			384
Total current liabilities		7,646			6,632
Deferred revenue, net of current portion		219			265
Lease liability, net of current portion		2,104			–
Deferred rent, net of current portion		–			250,000
Other liabilities		166			242
		2,489			757
Total liabilities		10,135			7,389
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 value, 4,800,000 authorized, none issued and outstanding		–			–
Preferred stock, Series A, $0.01 par value, 200,000 authorized, none issued and outstanding		–			–
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 20,000,000 authorized at December 31, 2019 and 2018; 11,515,090 and 11,463,141 shares issued; 7,470,248 and 7,418,299 shares outstanding, at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively		115			115
Additional paid-in capital		32,604			32,129
Retained earnings		25,348			27,515
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(31	)		(82	)
Treasury stock, 4,044,842 shares, at cost		(32,110	)		(32,110	)
Total shareholders’ equity		25,926			27,567
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	36,061		$	34,956

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-4

TRANSACT TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In thousands, except per share data)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Net sales	$	45,748		$	54,587		$	56,311
Cost of sales		23,813			27,844			29,649
Gross profit		21,935			26,743			26,662
Operating expenses:
Engineering, design and product development		4,393			4,576			4,303
Selling and marketing		8,033			7,203			7,561
General and administrative		9,166			8,205			7,984
		21,592			19,984			19,848
Operating income		343			6,759			6,814
Interest and other income (expense):
Interest expense		(28	)		(27	)		(33	)
Interest income		17			–			–
Other, net		35			(266	)		(9	)
		24			(293	)		(42	)
Income before income taxes		367			6,466			6,772
Income tax (benefit) provision		(149	)		1,040			3,561
Net income	$	516		$	5,426		$	3,211
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	0.07		$	0.73		$	0.43
Diluted	$	0.07		$	0.70		$	0.42
Shares used in per-share calculation:
Basic		7,466			7,444			7,423
Diluted		7,677			7,759			7,592
Dividends declared and paid per common share:	$	0.36		$	0.36		$	0.35

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-5

TRANSACT TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands, except share data)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Net income	$	516	$	5,426	$	3,211
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax		51		17		10
Comprehensive income	$	567	$	5,443	$	3,221

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-6

TRANSACT TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share data)

	Common Stock					Additional Paid-in			Retained			Treasury			Accumulated Other Comprehensive			Total
	Shares			Amount		Capital			Earnings			Stock			Income (Loss)			Equity
Balance, December 31, 2016		7,333,364		$	112	$	29,701		$	24,157		$	(29,752	)	$	(109	)	$	24,109
Issuance of shares from exercise of stock options		166,600			2		1,041			–			–			–			1,043
Issuance of common stock on restricted stock units		8,300			–		–			–			–			–			–
Issuance of common stock on deferred stock units		8,663			–		–			–			–			–			–
Relinquishment of stock awards and deferred stock units to pay withholding taxes		(2,368	)		–		(29	)		–			–			–			(29	)
Purchase of treasury stock		(36,465	)		–		–			–			(358	)		–			(358	)
Dividends declared and paid on common stock		–			–		–			(2,581	)		–			–			(2,581	)
Share-based compensation expense		–			–		609			–			–			–			609
Adjustment upon adoptions of ASU 2016-09		–			–		31			(31	)		–			–			–
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax		–			–		–			–			–			10			10
Net income		–			–		–			3,211			–			–			3,211
Balance, December 31, 2017		7,478,094		$	114	$	31,353		$	24,756		$	(30,110	)	$	(99	)	$	26,014
Issuance of shares from exercise of stock options		58,146			1		415			–			–			–			416
Issuance of common  stock on restricted stock units		33,935			–		–			–			–			–			–
Issuance of common stock on deferred stock units		23,578			–		–			–			–			–			–
Relinquishment of stock awards and deferred stock units to pay withholding taxes		(19,044	)		–		(268	)		–			–			–			(268	)
Purchase of treasury stock		(156,410	)		–		–			–			(2,000	)		–			(2,000	)
Dividends declared and paid on common stock		–			–		–			(2,667	)		–			–			(2,667	)
Share-based compensation expense		–			–		629			–			–			–			629
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax		–			–		–			–			–			17			17
Net income		–			–		–			5,426			–			–			5,426
Balance, December 31, 2018		7,418,299		$	115	$	32,129		$	27,515		$	(32,110	)	$	(82	)	$	27,567
Issuance of common  stock on restricted stock units		45,167			–		–			–			–			–			–
Issuance of common stock on deferred stock units		28,231			–		–			–			–			–			–
Relinquishment of stock awards and deferred stock units to pay withholding taxes		(21,449	)		–		(217	)		–			–			–			(217	)
Dividends declared and paid on common stock		–			–		–			(2,683	)		–			–			(2,683	)
Share-based compensation expense		–			–		692			–			–			–			692
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax		–			–		–			–			–			51			51
Net income		–			–		–			516			–			–			516
Balance, December 31, 2019		7,470,248		$	115	$	32,604		$	25,348		$	(32,110	)	$	(31	)	$	25,926

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-7

TRANSACT TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	516		$	5,426		$	3,211
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Share-based compensation expense		692			629			609
Depreciation and amortization		1,371			997			1,081
Deferred income tax (benefit) provision		(294	)		(107	)		1,117
Provision for doubtful accounts		16			105			50
Foreign currency transaction losses		18			199			11
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		1,589			2,688			(405	)
Inventories		796			(4,049	)		834
Prepaid income taxes		577			(100	)		(518	)
Other current and long term assets		(333	)		(161	)		(137	)
Accounts payable		(517	)		(332	)		(988	)
Accrued liabilities and other liabilities		415			(186	)		1,053
Net cash provided by operating activities		4,846			5,109			5,918
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures		(1,062	)		(1,007	)		(835	)
Additions to capitalized software		(304	)		(466	)		(150	)
Issuance of note receivable		(1,000,000	)		–			–
Net cash used in investing activities		(2,366	)		(1,473	)		(985	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from stock option exercises		–			416			1,043
Purchases of common stock for treasury		–			(2,000	)		(358	)
Payment of dividends on common stock		(2,683	)		(2,667	)		(2,581	)
Withholding taxes paid on stock issuances		(214	)		(265	)		(23	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(2,897	)		(4,516	)		(1,919	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(71	)		64			(10	)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(488	)		(816	)		3,004
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		4,691			5,507			2,503
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	4,203		$	4,691		$	5,507
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	30		$	25		$	30
Income taxes paid		65			1,249			2,991
Non-cash capital expenditure items		17			21			44

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F-8

TRANSACT TECHNOLOGIES INCORPORATED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Description of business

 TransAct Technologies Incorporated (together with its subsidiaries, “TransAct,” the “Company,” "we,", "us,", "our"), which has its headquarters in Hamden, Connecticut and its primary operating facility in Ithaca, New York, operates in one operating segment: software-driven technology and printing solutions for high growth markets including food service technology, casino and gaming, lottery, POS automation and banking, and oil and gas markets.  Our solutions are designed from the ground up based on market and customer requirements and are sold under the BOHA!^TM, AccuDate™ Ithaca®, Epic, EPICENTRAL^TM and Printrex® product brands.  We sell our products to original equipment manufacturers, value-added resellers, select distributors, and directly to end-users.  Our product distribution spans across the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, the Caribbean Islands and the South Pacific. TransAct also provides world-class service, spare parts, accessories and printing supplies to its growing worldwide installed base of products.  We also generate revenue from the after-market side of the business, providing printer and terminal service, supplies and spare parts in addition to revenue from our two software solutions; (i)the EPICENTRAL^TM Print System (“EPICENTRAL^TM”), that enables casino operators to create promotional coupons and marketing messages and print them in real-time at the slot machine and (ii) our newly-launched line of BOHA! software applications used to automate the back-of-house operations of restaurants and other food service establishments.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

Principles of consolidation:  The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of TransAct and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, which require consolidation, after the elimination of intercompany accounts, transactions and unrealized profit.

Use of estimates:  The preparations of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of sales and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment reporting: We apply the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 280, “Segment Reporting.”  We view our operations and manage our business as one segment: the design, development and marketing of software-driven technology and printing solutions and providing printer and terminal related software, services, supplies and spare parts.  Factors used to identify TransAct’s single operating segment include the organizational structure of the Company and the financial information available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions about how to allocate resources and assess performance.

Cash and cash equivalents:  We consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity date of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Allowance for doubtful accounts:  We establish an allowance for doubtful accounts to ensure trade receivables are valued appropriately. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts based on a variety of factors, including the length of time receivables are past due, significant one-time events and historical experience.  We record a specific allowance for individual accounts when we become aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, such as in the case of bankruptcy filings or deterioration in the customer’s operating results or financial position.  If circumstances related to customers change, we would further adjust estimates of the recoverability of receivables.  

The following table summarizes the activity recorded in the valuation account for accounts receivable:

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018		2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	205		$	100	$	50
Additions charged to costs and expenses		39			105		50
Deductions		(23	)		-		-
Balance, end of period	$	221		$	205	$	100

Inventories:  Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (principally standard cost, which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis) or net realizable value.  We review net realizable value based on estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completions, disposal and transportation, historical usage and estimates of future demand.  Based on these reviews, inventory write-downs are recorded, as necessary, to reflect estimated obsolescence, excess quantities and net realizable value.  

Fixed assets:  Fixed assets are stated at cost.  Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives.  The estimated useful life of tooling is five years; machinery and equipment is ten years; furniture and office equipment is five years to ten years; and computer software and equipment is three years to seven years.  Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the term of the lease or the useful life of the asset.  Costs related to repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.  The costs of sold or retired assets are removed from the related asset and accumulated depreciation accounts and any gain or loss is recognized.  Depreciation expense was $1.1 million, $0.9 million and $0.8 million in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Leases:ASU 2016-02, “Leases”, which was codified in, and is referred to in this Annual Report as, ASC 842, became effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption required a modified retrospective transition approach, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. An entity may choose to use either (1) its effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as its date of initial application. The Company has elected to adopt the standard using the effective date, January 1, 2019, as its date of initial application. Consequently, financial information for prior periods will not be updated, and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before January 1, 2019.

F-9

The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for based on existing guidance for operating leases. If risks and rewards are conveyed without the transfer of control, the lease is treated as financing. If the lessor does not convey risks and rewards or control, the lease is treated as operating.

We have elected certain practical expedients available under ASC 842 upon adoption. We have applied the practical expedient which allows prospective transition to ASC 842 on January 1, 2019. Under this transition practical expedient, we did not reassess lease classification, embedded leases or initial direct costs. We have applied the practical expedient for short-term leases. We have lease agreements that include lease and non-lease components, and we have not elected the practical expedients to combine these components for any of our leases.  The adoption of ASC 842 had no effect on our Consolidated Statement of Income or Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Upon adoption of ASC 842, we recorded a $3.7 million right-of-use asset and a $3.9 million lease liability. The adoption of the new standard had no impact on retained earnings.

We enter into lease agreements for the use of real estate space and certain otherequipment under operating leases and we have no financing leases. We determine if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. Our leases are included in Right of use assets and Lease liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Right of use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease right of use assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company determines its incremental borrowing rate by using the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term, an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.  Our lease right of use assets exclude lease incentives. Our leases have remaining lease terms of one year to eight years, some of which include options to extend. The majority of our leases with options to extend provide for extensions of up to five years with the ability to terminate the lease within one year. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion and our lease right of use assets and liabilities reflect only the options we are reasonably certain that we will exercise. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Goodwill and Intangible assets: We acquire businesses in purchase transactions that result in the recognition of goodwill and intangible assets. The determination of the value of intangible assets requires management to make estimates and assumptions. In accordance with ASC 350-20 “Goodwill”, acquired goodwill is not amortized but is subject to impairment testing at least annually and when an event occurs or circumstances change, that indicate it is more likely than not an impairment exists. Factors considered that may trigger an impairment review of either acquired goodwill or intangible assets are: significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results; significant changes in the manner of use of acquired assets or the strategy for the overall business; significant negative industry or economic trends; and significant decline in market capitalization relative to net book value. Finite lived intangible assets are amortized and are tested for impairment when appropriate. We have determined that no goodwill or intangible asset impairment has occurred and the fair value of goodwill was substantially higher than our carrying value based on our assessment as of December 31, 2019 when the impairment review is performed.

Revenue recognition: We account for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We adopted ASC 606 effective January 1, 2018 and elected the modified retrospective approach.  The results for periods before 2018 were not adjusted for the new standard and there was no cumulative effect for the change in accounting at the date of adoption.  In accordance with ASC 606, a performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. Some of our contracts with customers contain a single performance obligation, while other contracts contain multiple performance obligations (most commonly when contracts include a hardware product, software and extended warranties).  A contract's transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied.

The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring services to the customer.  To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, such as price protection, reserves for returns and other allowances, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the “expected value” method or the “most likely amount” method depending on the nature of the variable consideration.  Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur.

For a majority of our revenue, which consists of printers, terminals, consumables, and replacement parts, the Company recognizes revenue as of a point of time.  The transaction price is recognized upon shipment of the order when control of the goods is transferred to the customer and at the time the performance obligation is fulfilled.  We also sell a software solution in our casino and gaming market, EPICENTRAL™, that enables casino operators to create promotional coupons and marketing messages and to print them in real-time at the slot machine.  EPICENTRAL^TM is primarily comprised of both a software component, which is licensed to the customer, and a hardware component.  EPICENTRAL™ software and hardware are integrated to deliver the system's full functionality.  The transaction prices from EPICENTRAL™ software license and hardware are recognized upon installation and formal acceptance by the customer when control of the license is transferred to the customer.  For out-of-warranty repairs, the transaction price is recognized after the repair work is completed and the printer or terminal is returned to the customer, as control of the product is transferred to the customer and our performance obligation is completed.

F-10

Performance obligations are satisfied over time if the customer receives the benefits as we perform work, if the customer controls the asset as it is being produced, or if the product being produced for the customer has no alternative use and we have a contractual right to payment.  For our separately priced extended warranty, BOHA! cloud-based software applications, technical support for our food service technology terminals and maintenance agreements (including free one-year maintenance received by customers upon completion of EPICENTRAL™ installation) revenue is recognized over time as the customer receives the benefit.  The transaction price from the maintenance services is recognized ratably over time, using output methods, as control of the services is transferred to the customer.  Our cloud-based BOHA! software allows customers to use hosted software over the contract period without taking possession of the software and are provided on a subscription basis and is recognized ratably over the contract period.  For extended warranties, the transaction price is recognized ratably over the warranty period, using output methods, as control of the services is transferred to the customer.

When there is more than one performance obligation in a customer arrangement, the Company typically uses the “standalone selling price” method to determine the transaction price to allocate to each performance obligation. The Company sells the performance obligations separately and has established standalone selling prices for its products and services. In the case of an overall price discount, the discount is applied to each performance obligation proportionately based on standalone selling price. To determine the standalone selling price for initial EPICENTRAL™ installations, the Company uses the adjusted market assessment approach.

For contracts with terms of less than 12 months, the Company expenses sales commissions as they are incurred, since the expected amortization period of the cost to obtain a contract is less than 12 months.  Prior to the adoption of ASC 606 in 2018, cost to obtain a contract were expensed as incurred regardless of the length of contract.

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table disaggregates our revenue by market-type, as we believe it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.  Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenues.

	Year Ended December 31, 2019
	United States		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Food Service Technology	$	5,522	$	582	$	6,104
POS Automation and Banking		5,714		44		5,758
Casino and Gaming		13,076		8,453		21,529
Lottery		1,290		1		1,291
Printrex		961		205		1,166
TransAct Services Group		8,769		1,131		9,900
Total net sales	$	35,332	$	10,416	$	45,748

	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	United States		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Food Service Technology	$	4,640	$	446	$	5,086
POS Automation and Banking		7,122		151		7,273
Casino and Gaming		17,518		9,075		26,593
Lottery		3,046		47		3,093
Printrex		1,028		269		1,297
TransAct Services Group		10,164		1,081		11,245
Total net sales	$	43,518	$	11,069	$	54,587

	Year Ended December 31, 2017
	United States		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Food Service Technology	$	4,488	$	374	$	4,862
POS Automation and Banking		7,596		309		7,905
Casino and Gaming		13,608		5,007		18,615
Lottery		8,626		1,179		9,805
Printrex		849		203		1,052
TransAct Services Group		13,553		519		14,072
Total net sales	$	48,720	$	7,591	$	56,311

F-11

Contract balances

Our contract liabilities consist of customer pre-payments and deferred revenue.  Customer prepayments are reported as “Accrued Liabilities” in current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and represent customer payments made in advance of performance obligations in instances where credit has not been extended and is recognized as revenue when the performance obligation is complete.  Deferred revenue is reported separately in current liabilities and non-current liabilities and consists of our extended warranty contracts, technical support for our food service technology terminals, EPICENTRAL™ maintenance contracts and testing service contracts and prepaid software subscriptions for our BOHA! software applications, and is recognized as revenue as (or when) we perform under the contract.  The increase in current and non-current deferred revenue is primarily due to the sale of BOHA! software subscriptions, extended warranties and technical support for our food service technology terminals.  We do not have any contract asset balances as of December 31, 2019 or 2018.  During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized revenue of $0.4 million related to our contract liabilities as of December 31, 2018.  Total contract liabilities consist of the following:

	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
Customer pre-payments	$	232	$	50
Deferred revenue, current		700		384
Deferred revenue, non-current		219		265
Total contract liabilities	$	1,151	$	699

Remaining performance obligations

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm orders for which a good or service has not been delivered to our customer.  As of December 31, 2019, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $5.8 million.  The Company expects to recognize revenue on $5.5 million of our remaining performance obligations within the next 12 months, $0.2 million within the next 24 months and the balance of these remaining performance obligations recognized within the next 36 months.

Concentration of credit risk:  Financial instruments that potentially expose us to concentrations of credit risk are limited to cash and cash equivalents held by our banks in excess of insured limits and accounts receivable.

Accounts receivable from customers representing 10% or more of total accounts receivable were as follows:

	December 31,
	2019			2018
International Gaming Technology ("IGT")		15	%		21	%
Bally Technologies		10	%		6	%

Sales to customers representing 10% or more of total net sales were as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
IGT		14	%		18	%		35	%

Warranty:  We generally warrant our products for up to 24 months and record the estimated cost of such product warranties at the time the sale is recorded.  Estimated warranty costs are based upon actual past experience of product repairs and the related estimated cost of labor and material to make the necessary repairs.

The following table summarizes the activity recorded in the accrued product warranty liability:

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	273		$	267		$	267
Warranties issued		181			269			259
Warranty settlements		(239	)		(263	)		(259	)
Balance, end of period	$	215		$	273		$	267

$174 thousand and $192 thousand of the accrued product warranty liability were classified as current in Accrued liabilities at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  The remaining $41 thousand and $81 thousand of the accrued product warranty liability as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, is classified as long-term in Other liabilities.

Engineering, design and product development:  Engineering, design and product development expenses include expenses incurred in connection with specialized engineering and design to introduce new products and to customize existing products, and are expensed as a component of operating expenses as incurred.  We recorded $4.4 million, $4.6 million and $4.3 million of research and development expenses in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Costs incurred in the engineering, design and product development of a computer software product are charged to expense until technological feasibility has been established, at which point all material software costs are capitalized within Intangible assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheet until the product is available for general release to customers.  While judgment is required in determining when technological feasibility of a product is established, we have determined that it is reached after all high-risk development issues have been documented in a formal detailed plan design.  The amortization of these costs have been included in cost of sales over the estimated life of the product.  During 2019 and 2018, we contracted several third-parties to develop software for our food service technology products.  Unamortized development costs for such software were $704 thousand as of December 31, 2019.  The total amount charged to cost of sales for capitalized software development costs was $186 thousand, $30 thousand and $2 thousand in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Advertising:  Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.  Advertising expenses, which are included in selling and marketing expense on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income, for 2019, 2018, and 2017 totaled $1.4 million, $1.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively. These expenses include items such as consulting and professional services, tradeshows, and print advertising.

F-12

Income taxes:  The income tax amounts reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are accounted for under the liability method in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”).  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.  We assess the likelihood that net deferred tax assets will be realized from future taxable income, and to the extent that we believe that realization is not likely, we establish a valuation allowance.  In accordance with ASC 740, we identified, evaluated and measured the amount of benefits to be recognized for our tax return positions.  See Note 10 for information regarding our accounting for income taxes and additional provision items recorded in regard to the Tax Cuts and Job Act.

Foreign currency translation:  The financial position and results of operations of our foreign subsidiary in the UK are measured using local currency as the functional currency.  Assets and liabilities of such subsidiary have been translated into U.S. dollars at the year-end exchange rate, related sales and expenses have been translated at the exchange rate as of the date the transaction was recognized, and shareholders’ equity has been translated at historical exchange rates.  The resulting translation gains or losses, net of tax, are recorded in shareholders’ equity as a cumulative translation adjustment, which is a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.  Foreign currency transaction gains and losses, including those related to intercompany balances, are recognized in Other, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Share-based payments:At December 31, 2019, we have share-based employee compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 9 - Stock incentive plans.  We account for those plans under the recognition and measurement principles of ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”).  Share-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period. 

We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the fair value of share based awards.  The key assumptions for this valuation method include the expected term of the option, stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, market price of our underlying stock and exercise price.  Many of these assumptions are judgmental and highly sensitive in the determination of compensation expense.  Beginning in the first quarter of 2017, we recognize forfeitures as they occur.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, "Compensation-Stock Compensation: Scope of modification accounting".  ASU 2017-09 provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in ASC 718.  ASU No. 2017-09 was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017.  The amendments are applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date.  We adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2018 and the adoption did not result in a change to our financial statements.

Net income and loss per share:  We report net income or loss per share in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share (EPS).” Under this guidance, basic EPS, which excludes dilution, is computed by dividing income or loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period.  Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.  Diluted EPS includes in-the-money stock options using the treasury stock method.  During a loss period, the assumed exercise of in-the-money stock options has an anti-dilutive effect, and therefore, these instruments are excluded from the computation of dilutive EPS.  See Note 11 - Earnings per share.

3. Note receivable

The note receivable balance relates to a loan given to a third party and repayment is expected to occur in 12 months or less of original issuance.  The note receivable has an interest rate of 4.5% and is due in April 2020.  Notes receivable are stated at unpaid balances and interest income is recognized on the accrual method.  As of December 31, 2019, we have no allowances for loan losses, unamortized deferred loan fees or unearned discounts.

4. Inventories, net

The components of inventories, net are:

	December 31,
(In thousands)	2019		2018
Raw materials and purchased component parts	$	7,724	$	6,593
Work-in-process		–		29
Finished goods		4,375		6,213
	$	12,099	$	12,835

5. Fixed assets

The components of fixed assets, net are:

	December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018
Tooling, machinery and equipment	$	9,175		$	11,177
Furniture and office equipment		1,694			1,690
Computer software and equipment		7,062			6,930
Leasehold improvements		2,696			2,666
		20,627			22,463
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(19,010	)		(20,518	)
		1,617			1,945
Construction in-process		627			327
	$	2,244		$	2,272

F-13

6. Intangible assets

Identifiable intangible assets are recorded in Intangible assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and are comprised of the following:

	December 31,
	2019					2018
(In thousands)	Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Purchased technology	$	2,526	$	(1,792	)	$	2,221	$	(1,558	)
Customer relationships		1,300		(1,300	)		1,300		(1,300	)
Trademark		480		(402	)		480		(354	)
Covenant not to compete		146		(146	)		146		(146	)
Patents		56		(51	)		57		(49	)
Other		80		(80	)		80		(80	)
Total	$	4,588	$	(3,771	)	$	4,284	$	(3,487	)

Amortization expense was $284 thousand, $128 thousand and $237 thousand in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Amortization expense for each of the next five years ending December 31 is expected to be as follows: $237 thousand in 2020; $185 thousand in 2021; $154 thousand in 2022; $154 thousand in 2023; $87 thousand in 2024; and none thereafter.

7. Accrued liabilities

The components of accrued liabilities are:

	December 31,
(In thousands)	2019		2018
Salaries and compensation related	$	1,541	$	1,817
Warranty		174		192
Professional and consulting		465		231
Other		861		525
	$	3,041	$	2,765

8. Retirement savings plan

We maintain a 401(k) plan under which all full-time employees are eligible to participate at the beginning of each month immediately following their date of hire.  We match employees’ contributions at a rate of 50% of employees’ contributions up to the first 6% of the employees’ compensation contributed to the 401(k) plan.  Our matching contributions were $305 thousand, $237 thousand and $264 thousand in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

9. Borrowings

During 2019, we maintained a credit facility (the “TD Bank Credit Facility”) with TD Bank N.A. (“TD Bank) which provided for a $20 million revolving credit line.  On November 21, 2017, we signed an amendment to the TD Bank Credit Facility extending the term through November 28, 2022.  Borrowings under the revolving credit line bear a floating rate of interest at the prime rate minus one percent and are secured by a lien on all our assets.  We also pay a fee of 0.125% on unused borrowings under the revolving credit line.  The amendment increased the amount of revolving credit loans we may use to fund future cash dividend payments or treasury share buybacks to $12.5 million from $10 million.

The TD Bank Credit Facility imposes certain quarterly financial covenants on us and restricts, among other things, our ability to incur additional indebtedness and the creation of other liens. On November 6, 2019, we amended our TD Credit Facility to change the definition of interest expense to exclude fees paid on unused borrowings under the revolving credit line which is used to calculate total debt service in the operating cash flow to total debt service financial covenant.  We were in compliance with all financial covenants of the TD Bank Credit Facility at December 31, 2019.

As of December 31, 2019, we had no outstanding borrowings under the TD Bank Credit facility. 

On March 13, 2020, we terminated our TD Bank Credit Facility and signed a new credit facility with Siena Lending Group LLC.  See Note 16 – Subsequent Event.

F-14

10. Stock incentive plans

Stock incentive plans.  We currently have two primary stock incentive plans: the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, which provide for awards to executives, key employees, directors and consultants.  The plans generally provide for awards in the form of: (i) incentive stock options, (ii) non-qualified stock options, (iii) restricted stock, (iv) restricted stock units (which may include performance-based vesting), (v) stock appreciation rights or (vi) limited stock appreciation rights.  Awards granted under these plans have exercise prices equal to 100% of the fair market value of the common stock at the date of grant.  Awards granted have a ten years-year term and generally vest over a two year- to five year period, unless automatically accelerated for certain defined events.  As of May 2014, no new awards were made under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan.  Under our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, we are authorized to grant awards of up to 1,400,000 shares of TransAct common stock.  At December 31, 2019, 332,541 shares of common stock remained available for issuance under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.

Under the assumptions indicated below, the weighted-average per share fair value of stock option grants for 2019, 2018, and 2017 was $3.01, $4.38 and $1.95, respectively.  We also issued restricted stock units for certain executives and directors that vest over a specified period of time, and in some instances require achieving certain performance metrics.  The weighted-average per share fair value of these restricted stock units was $10.46, $12.91 and $7.53 in 2019, 2018 and 2017 respectively.

The table below indicates the key assumptions used in the option valuation calculations for options granted in 2019, 2018, and 2017 and a discussion of our methodology for developing each of the assumptions used in the valuation model:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Expected option term (in years)		6.8			6.8			6.8
Expected volatility		38.8	%		38.0	%		36.2	%
Risk-free interest rate		2.6	%		2.7	%		2.1	%
Dividend yield		3.5	%		2.6	%		4.3	%

Expected Option Term - This is the weighted average period of time over which the options granted are expected to remain outstanding giving consideration to our historical exercise patterns.  Options granted have a maximum term of ten years and an increase in the expected term will increase compensation expense.

Expected Volatility – The stock volatility for each grant is measured using the weighted average of historical daily price changes of our common stock over the most recent period approximately equal to the expected option term of the grant.  An increase in the expected volatility factor will increase compensation expense.

Risk-Free Interest Rate - This is the U.S. Treasury rate in effect at the time of grant having a term approximately equal to the expected term of the option.  An increase in the risk-free interest rate will increase compensation expense.

Dividend Yield –The dividend yield is calculated by dividing the annual dividend declared per common share by the weighted average market value of our common stock on the date of grant. An increase in the dividend yield will decrease compensation expense.

For 2019, 2018, and 2017, we recorded $692 thousand, $629 thousand, and $609 thousand of share-based compensation expense, respectively, included primarily in general and administrative expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income.  We also recorded income tax benefits of $152 thousand, $138 thousand, and $134 thousand in 2019, 2018, and 2017 respectively, related to such share-based compensation.  At December 31, 2019, these benefits are recorded as a deferred tax asset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Equity award activity in the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and 2014 Equity Incentive Plan is summarized below:

	Stock Options					Restricted Stock Units
	Number of Shares			Average Price*		Number of Units			Average Price**
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		1,004,293		$	9.00		98,600		$	9.82
Granted		180,675			10.31		58,050			10.44
Exercised		–			–		(45,167	)		9.16
Forfeited		(36,625	)		8.72		(20,908	)		12.12
Expired		(5,875	)		6.05		–			–
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		1,142,468		$	9.23		90,575		$	10.46

* weighted average exercise price per share

** weighted-average grant stock price per share

The following summarizes information about equity awards outstanding that are vested and expect to vest and equity awards that are exercisable at December 31, 2019:

	Equity Awards Vested and Expected to Vest								Equity Awards That Are Exercisable
	Awards		Average Price*		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Remaining Term**		Awards		Average Price*		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Remaining Term**
Stock Options		1,142,468	$	9.23	$	2,441		5.7		730,500	$	8.62	$	1,888		4.1
Restricted stock units		90,575		–		994		2.5		–		–		–		–

* weighted average exercise price per share

** weighted-average contractual remaining term in years

Shares that are issued upon exercise of employee stock awards are newly issued shares and not issued from treasury stock.  As of December 31, 2019, unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested equity awards granted under our stock incentive plans is approximately $1.5 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years.

F-15

The total fair value of awards vested during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was $1.6 million, $1.1 million, and $1.1 million, respectively.  The total intrinsic value (which is the amount by which the stock price exceeded the exercise price on the date of exercise) of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2018, and 2017 was $280 thousand and $958 thousand, respectively.  No stock options were exercised during the year ended December 31, 2019.  Cash received from option exercises was $0.4 million and $1 million for 2018 and 2017, respectively.  We recorded a realized tax benefit in 2018 and 2017 from equity-based awards of $17 thousand and $150 thousand, respectively, related to options exercised.  Upon adoption of ASU 2016-09 in 2017 tax benefits realized on stock options exercises are included in income tax expense and are no longer included as a component of cash flows.

11. Income taxes

The components of the income tax provision are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Current:
Federal	$	58		$	1,049		$	2,379
State		51			85			114
Foreign		(58)			13			(49	)
		51			1,147			2,444
Deferred:
Federal		(205	)		(117)			1,097
State		5			10			20
		(200	)		(107	)		1,117
Income tax provision (benefit)	$	(149	)	$	1,040		$	3,561

On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted significant changes to U.S. tax law following the passage and signing of the Tax Reform Act. The legislation significantly changes U.S. tax law by, among other things, lowering corporate income tax rates, implementing a territorial tax system and imposing a one-time repatriation tax on undistributed foreign earnings. The Tax Reform Act permanently reduces the U.S. corporate income tax rate from a maximum of 35% to a flat 21% rate, effective January 1, 2018. Income tax effects resulting from changes in tax laws are accounted for by the Company in accordance with authoritative guidance, which requires that these tax effects be recognized in the period in which the law is enacted.

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse. As a result of the reduction of TransAct's U.S. corporate income tax rate from 34% to 21% under the Tax Reform Act, the Company revalued its ending net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017 and recognized a provisional $1.3 million charge to income tax expense in the Company's consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2017.

The Tax Reform Act also provided for a one-time deemed mandatory repatriation of post-1986 undistributed foreign subsidiary earnings and profits ("E&P") through the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company had no undistributed foreign E&P subject to the one-time mandatory repatriation and, therefore, did not recognize any income tax expense related to undistributed foreign subsidiary E&P for the year ended December 31, 2017.

While the Tax Reform Act provides for a territorial tax system, beginning in 2018, it includes two new U.S. tax base erosion provisions, the global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") provisions and the base-erosion and anti-abuse tax ("BEAT") provisions. The GILTI provisions require the Company to include in its U.S. income tax return foreign subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return on the foreign subsidiary's tangible assets. The BEAT provisions in the Tax Reform Act eliminate the deduction of certain base-erosion payments made to related foreign corporations, and impose a minimum tax if greater than regular tax. The Company is not currently subject to these taxes and therefore has not included any tax impacts of GILTI or BEAT in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 or 2018.

At December 31, 2019, we have no federal or state net operating loss carryforwards, $111 thousand in R&D credit carryforwards, and no state tax credit carryforwards.  Foreign loss before taxes was $515 thousand, $286 thousand, and $563 thousand in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

F-16

Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements.  Our deferred tax assets and liabilities were comprised of the following:

	December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018
Deferred tax assets:
Foreign net operating losses	$	538		$	390
Depreciation		165			71
Inventory reserves		916			879
Deferred revenue		58			16
Warranty reserve		47			60
Stock compensation expense		701			682
Other accrued compensation		226			233
R&D credit carryforward		111			–
Other liabilities and reserves		276			278
Gross deferred tax assets		3,038			2,609
Valuation allowance		(444	)		(390	)
Net deferred tax assets		2,594			2,219
Deferred tax liabilities:
Other		29			21
Net deferred tax liabilities		29			21
Total net deferred tax assets	$	2,565		$	2,198

As of December 31, 2019 a valuation allowance of $444 thousand has been established for foreign net operating loss carryforwards that are not expected to be used. The following table summarizes the activity recorded in the valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets:

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019		2018		2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	390	$	328	$	423
Additions charged to income tax provision		54		62		67
Reductions credited to income tax provision		–		–		(162	)
Balance, end of period	$	444	$	390	$	328

Differences between the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate and our effective income tax rate are analyzed below:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Federal statutory tax rate		21.0	%		21.0	%		34.0	%
Valuation allowance and tax accruals		14.8			1.0			1.6
State income taxes, net of federal income taxes		12.0			1.2			1.3
Business meals and entertainment		5.4			0.4			0.4
Miscellaneous permanent items		1.4			0.3			(0.9	)
Uncertain tax positions		1.0			–			(0.1	)
Stock option cancellations		0.8			–			1.7
U.S. corporate tax rate change		–			–			19.4
Foreign-derived intangible income deduction		(5.4	)		(1.5	)		–
Stock award excess tax benefit		(8.4	)		(1.5	)		(1.4	)
R&D credit		(83.2	)		(4.9	)		(3.3	)
Other		–			0.1			(0.1	)
Effective tax rate		(40.6	%)		16.1	%		52.6	%

F-17

Our effective tax rates were -40.6%, 16.1%, and 52.6% for 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. We recorded a tax benefit in 2019 due to the impact of R&D credits on a near break-even level of income before income tax.

We had $107 thousand and $104 thousand of total gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in any future periods.  We are not aware of any events that could occur within the next twelve months that could cause a significant change in the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits.  A tabular reconciliation of the gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits at the beginning and end of the year is as follows:

	December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018
Unrecognized tax benefits as of January 1	$	104		$	104
Tax positions taken during the current period		28			28
Lapse of statute of limitations		(25	)		(28	)
Unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31	$	107		$	104

We expect $27 thousand of the $107 thousand of unrecognized tax benefits will reverse in 2020 upon the expiration of the statute of limitations.

We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in the income tax provision.  We have accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions of $18 thousand and $17 thousand as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

We are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax of certain state and foreign jurisdictions.  We have substantially concluded all U.S. federal income tax, state and local, and foreign tax matters through 2015.  However, our federal tax returns for the years 2016 through 2018 remain open to examination. Various state and foreign tax jurisdiction tax years remain open to examination as well, though we believe that any additional assessment would be immaterial to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

12. Earnings per share

For 2019, 2018, and 2017, earnings per share was computed as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Net income	$	516	$	5,426	$	3,211
Shares:
Basic:  Weighted average common shares outstanding		7,466		7,444		7,423
Add:  Dilutive effect of outstanding equity awards as determined by the treasury stock method		211		315		169
Diluted:  Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding		7,677		7,759		7,592
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	0.07	$	0.73	$	0.43
Diluted		0.07		0.70		0.42

F-18

The computation of diluted earnings per share excludes the effect of the potential exercise of stock awards, including stock options, restricted stock units and performance stock awards, when the average market price of the common stock is lower than the exercise price of the related stock award during the period.  These outstanding stock awards are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would be anti-dilutive.  Anti-dilutive stock awards excluded from the computation of earnings per dilutive share were 447,000, 149,000 and 341,000, at December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 respectively.  

13. Stock repurchase program

Prior to its expiration on December 31, 2019, we maintained a stock repurchase program (the "2018 Stock Repurchase Program") whereby we were authorized to repurchase up to $5 million of our outstanding shares of common stock from time to time in the open market at prevailing market prices based on market conditions, share price and other factors.  We use the cost method to account for treasury stock purchases, under which the price paid for the stock is charged to the treasury stock account.  Repurchases of our common stock are accounted for as of the settlement date.  During 2019 we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock.  From the start of the 2018 Stock Repurchase Program on March 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018, we repurchased  156,410 shares of our common stock for approximately $2.0 million at an average price per share of $12.79. 

In 2017, under a prior repurchase program that was in place from February 25, 2016 through December 31, 2017, we purchased 36,465 shares of our common stock for $0.4 million at an average price of $9.84 per share.  From January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2019, we repurchased a total of 4,044,842 shares of common stock for $32.1 million, at an average price of $7.94 per share.

14. Geographic area information

Information regarding our operations by geographic area is contained in the following table.  These amounts in the geographic area table are based on the location of the customer and asset.

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019		2018		2017
Net sales:
United States	$	35,332	$	43,518	$	48,720
International		10,416		11,069		7,591
Total	$	45,748	$	54,587	$	56,311
Fixed assets, net:
United States	$	1,326	$	1,767	$	1,548
International		918		505		621
Total	$	2,244	$	2,272	$	2,169

Sales to international customers were 23%, 20%, and 14% of total sales in 2019, 2018, and 2017 respectively.  Sales to Europe represented 44%, 56%, and 44%, sales to the Pacific Rim (which includes Australia and Asia) represented 46%, 36%, and 32%, and sales to Canada represented 8%, 6%, and 18% of total international sales in 2019, 2018, and 2017 respectively.  International long-lived assets consist of net fixed assets located at our foreign subsidiary in the UK as well as our contract manufacturers in China, Thailand, Malaysia and Mexico.

F-19

15. Leases

Operating lease expense for the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $1.0 million, $1.1 million and $1.1 million, respectively, and was included within Cost of sales, Engineering, design and product development expense, Selling and marketing expense, and General and administrative expense.  Operating costs include short-term lease costs which were immaterial during the period.

The following information represents supplemental disclosure for the statement of cash flows related to operating leases (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31, 2019
Operating cash outflows from leases	$	1,031

The following summarizes additional information related to our leases as of December 31, 2019:

	December 31, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)		5.0
Weighted average discount rate		3.7	%

The maturity of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

	December 31, 2019
2020	$	1,042
2021		711
2022		434
2023		268
2024		273
Thereafter		616
Total undiscounted lease payments		3,344
Less imputed interest		295
Total lease liabilities	$	3,049

Prior to the adoption of ASC 842, rental commitments on an undiscounted basis were approximately $4.3 million at December 31, 2018 under non-cancelable operating leases and were payable as follows: $1.0 million in 2019; $1.0 million in 2020; $0.7 million in 2021; $0.4 million in 2022, $0.3 million in 2023 and $0.9 million thereafter.

16. Quarterly results of operations (unaudited)

Our quarterly results of operations for 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

	Quarter Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	March 31		June 30		September 30		December 31
2019:
Net sales	$	11,550	$	11,350	$	11,686	$	11,162
Gross profit		6,086		5,704		5,546		4,599
Net income (loss)		746		186		384		(800	)
Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic		0.10		0.02		0.05		(0.11	)
Diluted		0.10		0.02		0.05		(0.11	)

2018:
Net sales	$	12,243	$	14,751	$	15,838	$	11,755
Gross profit		5,862		6,991		8,004		5,886
Net income		680		1,210		2,574		962
Net income per common share:
Basic		0.09		0.16		0.35		0.13
Diluted		0.09		0.16		0.33		0.12

F-20

17. Subsequent events

On February 28, 2020, we entered into an amendment to extend the lease on our facility in Ithaca, New York.  The lease, which was last amended on January 14, 2016, was scheduled to expire on May 31, 2021.  The lease amendment provides for an extension of the lease for four additional years from June 1, 2021 to May 31, 2025. 

On March 13, 2020, we entered into a new $10 million credit facility (the “Siena Credit Facility”) with Siena Lending Group LLC.  The Siena Credit Facility replaced our TD Bank Credit Facility.  The Siena Credit Facility provides for a $10 million revolving credit line expiring on March 13, 2023.  Borrowings under the Siena Credit Facility bear a floating rate of interest equal to the greatest of (i) the prime rate plus 1.75%, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 2.25%, and (iii) 6.50%. We incurred a closing fee of $63 thousand payable 50% on the closing date and 50% on the first anniversary of the closing date.   We also pay a fee of 0.50% on unused borrowings under the facility.  Borrowings under the facility are secured by a lien on substantially all the assets of the Company.  The Siena Credit Facility imposes certain financial covenants on the Company and borrowings are subject to a borrowing base based on (i) 85% of eligible accounts receivable plus the lesser of (a) $5,000,000 and (b) 50% of eligible raw material and 60% of finished good inventory.

On March 13, 2020 we loaned an additional $0.6 million to a third party increasing the total note receivable principal balance to $1.6 million.  Repayment is expected to occur in 12 months or less of original issuance and the terms of the loan are the same as the original loan disclosed in Note 3-Note receivable above.

F-21

EX-4.2

Exhibit 4.2

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

The following description of the capital stock of TransAct Technologies Incorporated (“we,” “our” or “us”) includes a summary of some of the detailed provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended (the “Certificate of Incorporation”) and Amended and Restated By-Laws (the “By-Laws”). These statements do not purport to be complete or to give full effect to the provisions of statutory or common law, and are subject to, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, the terms of our Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws. We encourage you to read our Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws for a more complete description.

General

Our authorized capital stock consists of 20,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 per share.

Common Stock

Voting Rights

Stockholders are entitled to one vote for each share of our common stock held of record on all matters on which stockholders are entitled or permitted to vote. Our common stock does not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors. As a result, holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock voting for the election of directors can elect all the directors standing for election.

Dividend Rights

Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding shares of our preferred stock designated by our Board of Directors (the “Board”) from time to time, holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of legally available funds when and if declared from time to time by our Board.

Right to Receive Liquidation Distributions

In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of our common stock will be entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of liabilities, subject to preferences applicable to shares of our preferred stock, if any, then outstanding.

No Preemptive or Similar Rights

Our common stock has no preemptive, subscription or conversion rights, and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation.

Fully Paid

The outstanding shares of our common stock are fully paid and nonassessable.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Co.

Listing

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the trading symbol, “TACT.”

Preferred Stock

Our Certificate of Incorporation authorizes our Board to issue additional shares of preferred stock. Our Board may fix and determine the designation, relative rights, preferences and limitations of such shares of preferred stock.

Classified Board of Directors

Our Certificate of Incorporation provides for our Board to be divided into three classes, with each class serving a staggered three year term. We believe that a classified board structure helps to ensure the continuity and stability of the Board and our business strategies and policies. The classified board structure could have the effect of making the removal of incumbent directors more time consuming and difficult, and, therefore of discouraging a third party from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us, even though such an attempt might be beneficial to us and our stockholders.

Corporate Governance Provisions of Our By-Laws

Our By-Laws provide that special meetings of stockholders may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board and shall be called upon the written request of the Board or of the holders of record shares having a majority of the voting power of our capital stock. Our By-Laws also require stockholders requesting a special meeting of stockholders to deliver, along with the written request, background information on themselves and the proposals requested to be acted on at any such special meeting. Our By-Laws provide that the size of the Board shall be determined by resolution adopted by the Board.

Limits on Stockholder Action by Written Consent

Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that holders of our common stock may take action only by a vote taken at a meeting held pursuant to prior notice and may not act by written consent in lieu of a meeting.

Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law

We are a Delaware corporation that is subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Section 203 generally prevents Delaware corporations, under certain circumstances, from engaging in a “Business Combination” with an “Interested Stockholder,” or an affiliate or associate of an Interested Stockholder, for three years following the date that the stockholder became an Interested Stockholder.  An Interested Stockholder is a stockholder who owns 15% or more of a corporation’s outstanding voting stock.

A Business Combination includes a merger or sale of more than 10% of a corporation’s assets. However, the above provisions of Section 203 do not apply if:

• the board of directors approves the transaction that made the stockholder an Interested Stockholder prior to the date of the transaction;

• after the completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an Interested Stockholder, that stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, other than statutorily excluded shares of common stock; or

• on or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at a meeting of the stockholders, and not by written consent, by an affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock not owned by the Interested Stockholder.

A Delaware corporation may “opt out” of Section 203 with an express provision in its original certificate of incorporation or an express provision in its certificate of incorporation or by-laws resulting from amendments approved by holders of at least a majority of a corporation’s outstanding voting stock. We have not “opted out” of the provisions of Section 203.

Limitations on Liability and Indemnification of Officers and Directors

Our Certificate of Incorporation provides that no director will be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, liability of a director may not be limited:

• for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders,

• for acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or knowing violation of law,

• in respect of certain unlawful dividend payments or stock redemptions or repurchases, and

• for any transaction from which the director derives an improper personal benefit.

The effect of this provision of our Certificate of Incorporation is to eliminate our rights and the rights of our stockholders to recover monetary damages against a director for breach of the fiduciary duty of care as a director, including breaches resulting from negligent or grossly negligent behavior, except in the situations described above. This provision does not limit or eliminate our rights or the rights of any stockholder to seek non-monetary relief such as an injunction or rescission in the event of a breach of a director’s duty of care.

In addition, our Certificate of Incorporation provides that we will indemnify our directors, officers, employees and agents to the fullest extent permitted by law. We may purchase and maintain insurance or furnish similar protection on behalf of any officer or director against any liability asserted against the officer or director and incurred by the officer or director in such capacity, or arising out of the status, as an officer or director.

EX-21

EXHIBIT 21

TransAct Technologies

Subsidiaries of the Company

as of December 31, 2019

Name	Jurisdiction of Incorporation
TransAct.com Inc.	United States - Delaware
TransAct Technologies (Macau) Limited	Macau
TransAct Technologies (United Kingdom) Limited	United Kingdom

EX-23

Exhibit 23

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-203184, 333-132624, 333-170515 and 333-221514) of TransAct Technologies Incorporated of our report dated March 16, 2020 relating to the financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K.

.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Hartford, Connecticut

March 16, 2020

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

RULE 13a-14(a) CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Bart C. Shuldman, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of TransAct Technologies Incorporated;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:  March 16, 2020

/s/ Bart C. Shuldman

Bart C. Shuldman

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

RULE 13a-14(a) CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

IN ACCORANCE WITH SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Steven A. DeMartino, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of TransAct Technologies Incorporated;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date:  March 16, 2020

/s/ Steven A. DeMartino

Steven A. DeMartino

President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of TransAct Technologies Incorporated (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of his knowledge:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date:  March 16, 2020

/s/ Bart C. Shuldman

Bart C. Shuldman

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Date: March 16, 2020

/s/ Steven A. DeMartino

Steven A. DeMartino

President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary

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Income taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income taxes [Abstract]

Income tax provision

The components of the income tax provision are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Current:
Federal	$	58		$	1,049		$	2,379
State		51			85			114
Foreign		36			13			(49	)
		145			1,147			2,444
Deferred:
Federal		(205	)		10			1,097
State		5			–			20
Foreign		(94	)		(107	)		–
		(294	)		(107	)		1,117
Income tax provision (benefit)	$	(149	)	$	1,040		$	3,561

Deferred tax assets and liabilities

Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements.  Our deferred tax assets and liabilities were comprised of the following:

	December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018
Deferred tax assets:
Foreign net operating losses	$	538		$	390
Depreciation		165			71
Inventory reserves		916			879
Deferred revenue		58			16
Warranty reserve		47			60
Stock compensation expense		701			682
Other accrued compensation		226			233
R&D credit carryforward		111			–
Other liabilities and reserves		276			278
Gross deferred tax assets		3,038			2,609
Valuation allowance		(444	)		(390	)
Net deferred tax assets		2,594			2,219
Deferred tax liabilities:
Other		29			21
Net deferred tax liabilities		29			21
Total net deferred tax assets	$	2,565		$	2,198

Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets

As of December 31, 2019 a valuation allowance of $444 thousand has been established for foreign net operating loss carryforwards that are not expected to be used. The following table summarizes the activity recorded in the valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets:

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019		2018		2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	390	$	328	$	423
Additions charged to income tax provision		54		62		67
Reductions credited to income tax provision		–		–		(162	)
Balance, end of period	$	444	$	390	$	328

Statutory to effective tax rate reconciliation

Differences between the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate and our effective income tax rate are analyzed below:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Federal statutory tax rate		21.0	%		21.0	%		34.0	%
Valuation allowance and tax accruals		14.8			1.0			1.6
State income taxes, net of federal income taxes		12.0			1.2			1.3
Business meals and entertainment		5.4			0.4			0.4
Miscellaneous permanent items		1.4			0.3			(0.9	)
Uncertain tax positions		1.0			–			(0.1	)
Stock option cancellations		0.8			–			1.7
U.S. corporate tax rate change		–			–			19.4
Foreign-derived intangible income deduction		(5.4	)		(1.5	)		–
Stock award excess tax benefit		(8.4	)		(1.5	)		(1.4	)
R&D credit		(83.2	)		(4.9	)		(3.3	)
Other		–			0.1			(0.1	)
Effective tax rate		(40.6	%)		16.1	%		52.6	%

Our effective tax rates were -40.6%, 16.1%, and 52.6% for 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. We recorded a tax benefit in 2019 due to the impact of R&D credits on a near break-even level of income before income tax.

Unrecognized tax benefits

We had $107 thousand and $104 thousand of total gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in any future periods.  We are not aware of any events that could occur within the next twelve months that could cause a significant change in the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits.  A tabular reconciliation of the gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits at the beginning and end of the year is as follows:

	December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018
Unrecognized tax benefits as of January 1	$	104		$	104
Tax positions taken during the current period		28			28
Lapse of statute of limitations		(25	)		(28	)
Unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31	$	107		$	104

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Quarterly results of operations (unaudited) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Quarterly results of operations (unaudited) [Abstract]

Quarterly results of operations

Our quarterly results of operations for 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

	Quarter Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	March 31		June 30		September 30		December 31
2019:
Net sales	$	11,550	$	11,350	$	11,686	$	11,162
Gross profit		6,086		5,704		5,546		4,599
Net income (loss)		746		186		384		(800	)
Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic		0.10		0.02		0.05		(0.11	)
Diluted		0.10		0.02		0.05		(0.11	)

2018:
Net sales	$	12,243	$	14,751	$	15,838	$	11,755
Gross profit		5,862		6,991		8,004		5,886
Net income		680		1,210		2,574		962
Net income per common share:
Basic		0.09		0.16		0.35		0.13
Diluted		0.09		0.16		0.33		0.12

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Retirement savings plan

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Retirement savings plan [Abstract]

Retirement savings plan

8. Retirement savings plan

We maintain a 401(k) plan under which all full-time employees are eligible to participate at the beginning of each month immediately following their date of hire.  We match employees’ contributions at a rate of 50% of employees’ contributions up to the first 6% of the employees’ compensation contributed to the 401(k) plan.  Our matching contributions were $305 thousand, $237 thousand and $264 thousand in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

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Inventories, net

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Inventories, net [Abstract]

Inventories, net

4. Inventories, net

The components of inventories, net are:

	December 31,
(In thousands)	2019		2018
Raw materials and purchased component parts	$	7,724	$	6,593
Work-in-process		–		29
Finished goods		4,375		6,213
	$	12,099	$	12,835

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Earnings per share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Earnings per share [Abstract]

Earnings per share

12. Earnings per share

For 2019, 2018, and 2017, earnings per share was computed as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Net income	$	516	$	5,426	$	3,211
Shares:
Basic:  Weighted average common shares outstanding		7,466		7,444		7,423
Add:  Dilutive effect of outstanding equity awards as determined by the treasury stock method		211		315		169
Diluted:  Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding		7,677		7,759		7,592
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	0.07	$	0.73	$	0.43
Diluted		0.07		0.70		0.42

The computation of diluted earnings per share excludes the effect of the potential exercise of stock awards, including stock options, restricted stock units and performance stock awards, when the average market price of the common stock is lower than the exercise price of the related stock award during the period.  These outstanding stock awards are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would be anti-dilutive.  Anti-dilutive stock awards excluded from the computation of earnings per dilutive share were 447,000, 149,000 and 341,000, at December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 respectively.  

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Quarterly results of operations (unaudited) (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Quarterly results of operations (unaudited) [Abstract]
Net sales	$ 11,162	$ 11,686	$ 11,350	$ 11,550	$ 11,755	$ 15,838	$ 14,751	$ 12,243	$ 45,748	$ 54,587	$ 56,311
Gross profit	4,599	5,546	5,704	6,086	5,886	8,004	6,991	5,862	21,935	26,743	26,662
Net income (loss)	$ (800)	$ 384	$ 186	$ 746	$ 962	$ 2,574	$ 1,210	$ 680	$ 516	$ 5,426	$ 3,211
Net income per common share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.11)	$ 0.05	$ 0.02	$ 0.10	$ 0.13	$ 0.35	$ 0.16	$ 0.09	$ 0.07	$ 0.73	$ 0.43
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.11)	$ 0.05	$ 0.02	$ 0.10	$ 0.12	$ 0.33	$ 0.16	$ 0.09	$ 0.07	$ 0.70	$ 0.42

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Stock incentive plans, Stock incentive plans (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 Plan shares
Stock incentive plans [Abstract]
Number of primary stock incentive plans | Plan	2
Stock Options [Member]
Stock incentive plans [Abstract]
Exercise prices of options granted equals percentage of fair market value of common stock	100.00%
Term of award	10 years
Stock Options [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Stock incentive plans [Abstract]
Vesting period	2 years
Stock Options [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Stock incentive plans [Abstract]
Vesting period	5 years
2014 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Stock incentive plans [Abstract]
Number of shares authorized (in shares)	1,400,000
Number of shares available for grant (in shares)	332,541
2014 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Stock Options [Member]
Stock incentive plans [Abstract]
Term of award	10 years

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Intangible assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Identifiable intangible assets [Abstract]
Gross amount	$ 4,588	$ 4,284
Accumulated amortization	(3,771)	(3,487)
Amortization expense	284	128	$ 237
Future amortization expense [Abstract]
2020	237
2021	185
2022	154
2023	154
2024	87
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Amortization Expense, after Year Five	0
Purchased Technology [Member]
Identifiable intangible assets [Abstract]
Gross amount	2,526	2,221
Accumulated amortization	(1,792)	(1,558)
Customer Relationships [Member]
Identifiable intangible assets [Abstract]
Gross amount	1,300	1,300
Accumulated amortization	(1,300)	(1,300)
Trademark [Member]
Identifiable intangible assets [Abstract]
Gross amount	480	480
Accumulated amortization	(402)	(354)
Covenant Not to Compete [Member]
Identifiable intangible assets [Abstract]
Gross amount	146	146
Accumulated amortization	(146)	(146)
Patents [Member]
Identifiable intangible assets [Abstract]
Gross amount	56	57
Accumulated amortization	(51)	(49)
Other [Member]
Identifiable intangible assets [Abstract]
Gross amount	80	80
Accumulated amortization	$ (80)	$ (80)

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Income taxes, Unrecognized tax benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Income taxes [Abstract]
Unrecognized tax benefits that would favorably affect effective income tax rate if recognized	$ 107	$ 104
Unrecognized tax benefits [Roll Forward]
Unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of period	104	104
Tax positions taken during the current period	28	28
Lapse of statute of limitations	(25)	(28)
Unrecognized tax benefits, end of period	107	104
Expected decrease in unrecognized tax benefits in next year	27
Accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions	$ 18	$ 17

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Income taxes, Components of income tax provision (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current [Abstract]
Federal	$ 58	$ 1,049	$ 2,379
State	51	85	114
Foreign	36	13	(49)
Income taxes current	145	1,147	2,444
Deferred [Abstract]
Federal	(205)	(117)	1,097
State	5	10	20
Foreign	(94)	0	0
Income taxes deferred	(294)	(107)	1,117
Income tax provision (benefit)	$ (149)	$ 1,040	$ 3,561
Income taxes [Abstract]
U.S. corporate income tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	34.00%
Undistributed foreign E&P			$ 0
Income tax expense related to undistributed foreign subsidiary E&P			0
Provisional income tax expense			1,300
Income taxes [Abstract]
Foreign loss before taxes	$ 515	$ 286	$ 563
Federal [Member]
Income taxes [Abstract]
Net operating loss carryforward	0
State [Member]
Income taxes [Abstract]
Net operating loss carryforward	0
Tax credit carryforward	0
R&D Credit [Member]
Income taxes [Abstract]
Tax credit carryforward	$ 111
Maximum [Member]
Income taxes [Abstract]
U.S. corporate income tax rate			35.00%

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Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease expense	$ 1,000	$ 1,100	$ 1,100
Cash Flows Related to Operating Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash flows from leases	$ 1,031
Operating Lease Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term and Discount Rate [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining lease term	5 years
Weighted average discount rate	3.70%
Maturity of Operating Lease Liabilities [Abstract]
2020	$ 1,042
2021	711
2022	434
2023	268
2024	273
Thereafter	616
Total undiscounted lease payments	3,344
Less imputed interest	295
Total lease liabilities	$ 3,049
Future Minimum Rental Commitments Under Non-Cancelable Operating Leases [Abstract]
Total undiscounted rental commitments		4,300
2019		1,000
2020		1,000
2021		700
2022		400
2023		300
Thereafter		$ 900

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Summary of significant accounting policies, Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Summary of significant accounting policies [Abstract]
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets	$ 0

XML

Summary of significant accounting policies, Concentration of credit risk (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | International Gaming Technology ("IGT") [Member]
Concentration of credit risk [Abstract]
Concentration risk percentage	15.00%	21.00%
Accounts Receivable [Member] | Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Bally Technologies [Member]
Concentration of credit risk [Abstract]
Concentration risk percentage	10.00%	6.00%
Sales [Member] | International Gaming Technology ("IGT") [Member]
Concentration of credit risk [Abstract]
Concentration risk percentage	14.00%	18.00%	35.00%

XML

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Feb. 28, 2020	Jun. 28, 2019
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	TRANSACT TECHNOLOGIES INC
Entity Central Index Key	0001017303
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 81,900,000
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		7,534,133
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2019
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2019
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Address, State or Province	CT

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME [Abstract]
Net income	$ 516	$ 5,426	$ 3,211
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	51	17	10
Comprehensive income	$ 567	$ 5,443	$ 3,221

XML

Inventories, net (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Inventories, net [Abstract]

Inventories, net

The components of inventories, net are:

	December 31,
(In thousands)	2019		2018
Raw materials and purchased component parts	$	7,724	$	6,593
Work-in-process		–		29
Finished goods		4,375		6,213
	$	12,099	$	12,835

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Quarterly results of operations (unaudited)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Quarterly results of operations (unaudited) [Abstract]

Quarterly results of operations (unaudited)

16. Quarterly results of operations (unaudited)

Our quarterly results of operations for 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

	Quarter Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts)	March 31		June 30		September 30		December 31
2019:
Net sales	$	11,550	$	11,350	$	11,686	$	11,162
Gross profit		6,086		5,704		5,546		4,599
Net income (loss)		746		186		384		(800	)
Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic		0.10		0.02		0.05		(0.11	)
Diluted		0.10		0.02		0.05		(0.11	)

2018:
Net sales	$	12,243	$	14,751	$	15,838	$	11,755
Gross profit		5,862		6,991		8,004		5,886
Net income		680		1,210		2,574		962
Net income per common share:
Basic		0.09		0.16		0.35		0.13
Diluted		0.09		0.16		0.33		0.12

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Summary of significant accounting policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Summary of significant accounting policies [Abstract]

Summary of significant accounting policies

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

Principles of consolidation:  The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of TransAct and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, which require consolidation, after the elimination of intercompany accounts, transactions and unrealized profit.

Use of estimates:  The preparations of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of sales and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment reporting: We apply the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 280, “Segment Reporting.”  We view our operations and manage our business as one segment: the design, development and marketing of software-driven technology and printing solutions and providing printer and terminal related software, services, supplies and spare parts.  Factors used to identify TransAct’s single operating segment include the organizational structure of the Company and the financial information available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions about how to allocate resources and assess performance.

Cash and cash equivalents:  We consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity date of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Allowance for doubtful accounts:  We establish an allowance for doubtful accounts to ensure trade receivables are valued appropriately. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts based on a variety of factors, including the length of time receivables are past due, significant one-time events and historical experience.  We record a specific allowance for individual accounts when we become aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, such as in the case of bankruptcy filings or deterioration in the customer’s operating results or financial position.  If circumstances related to customers change, we would further adjust estimates of the recoverability of receivables.  

The following table summarizes the activity recorded in the valuation account for accounts receivable:

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018		2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	205		$	100	$	50
Additions charged to costs and expenses		39			105		50
Deductions		(23	)		-		-
Balance, end of period	$	221		$	205	$	100

Inventories:  Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (principally standard cost, which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis) or net realizable value.  We review net realizable value based on estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completions, disposal and transportation, historical usage and estimates of future demand.  Based on these reviews, inventory write-downs are recorded, as necessary, to reflect estimated obsolescence, excess quantities and net realizable value.  

Fixed assets:  Fixed assets are stated at cost.  Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives.  The estimated useful life of tooling is five years; machinery and equipment is ten years; furniture and office equipment is five years to ten years; and computer software and equipment is three years to seven years.  Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the term of the lease or the useful life of the asset.  Costs related to repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.  The costs of sold or retired assets are removed from the related asset and accumulated depreciation accounts and any gain or loss is recognized.  Depreciation expense was $1.1 million, $0.9 million and $0.8 million in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Leases:ASU 2016-02, “Leases”, which was codified in, and is referred to in this Annual Report as, ASC 842, became effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption required a modified retrospective transition approach, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. An entity may choose to use either (1) its effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as its date of initial application. The Company has elected to adopt the standard using the effective date, January 1, 2019, as its date of initial application. Consequently, financial information for prior periods will not be updated, and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before January 1, 2019.

The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for based on existing guidance for operating leases. If risks and rewards are conveyed without the transfer of control, the lease is treated as financing. If the lessor does not convey risks and rewards or control, the lease is treated as operating.

We have elected certain practical expedients available under ASC 842 upon adoption. We have applied the practical expedient which allows prospective transition to ASC 842 on January 1, 2019. Under this transition practical expedient, we did not reassess lease classification, embedded leases or initial direct costs. We have applied the practical expedient for short-term leases. We have lease agreements that include lease and non-lease components, and we have not elected the practical expedients to combine these components for any of our leases.  The adoption of ASC 842 had no effect on our Consolidated Statement of Income or Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Upon adoption of ASC 842, we recorded a $3.7 million right-of-use asset and a $3.9 million lease liability. The adoption of the new standard had no impact on retained earnings.

We enter into lease agreements for the use of real estate space and certain otherequipment under operating leases and we have no financing leases. We determine if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. Our leases are included in Right of use assets and Lease liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Right of use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease right of use assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company determines its incremental borrowing rate by using the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term, an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.  Our lease right of use assets exclude lease incentives. Our leases have remaining lease terms of one year to eight years, some of which include options to extend. The majority of our leases with options to extend provide for extensions of up to five years with the ability to terminate the lease within one year. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion and our lease right of use assets and liabilities reflect only the options we are reasonably certain that we will exercise. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Goodwill and Intangible assets: We acquire businesses in purchase transactions that result in the recognition of goodwill and intangible assets. The determination of the value of intangible assets requires management to make estimates and assumptions. In accordance with ASC 350-20 “Goodwill”, acquired goodwill is not amortized but is subject to impairment testing at least annually and when an event occurs or circumstances change, that indicate it is more likely than not an impairment exists. Factors considered that may trigger an impairment review of either acquired goodwill or intangible assets are: significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results; significant changes in the manner of use of acquired assets or the strategy for the overall business; significant negative industry or economic trends; and significant decline in market capitalization relative to net book value. Finite lived intangible assets are amortized and are tested for impairment when appropriate. We have determined that no goodwill or intangible asset impairment has occurred and the fair value of goodwill was substantially higher than our carrying value based on our assessment as of December 31, 2019 when the impairment review is performed.

Revenue recognition: We account for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We adopted ASC 606 effective January 1, 2018 and elected the modified retrospective approach.  The results for periods before 2018 were not adjusted for the new standard and there was no cumulative effect for the change in accounting at the date of adoption.  In accordance with ASC 606, a performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. Some of our contracts with customers contain a single performance obligation, while other contracts contain multiple performance obligations (most commonly when contracts include a hardware product, software and extended warranties).  A contract's transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied.

The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring services to the customer.  To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, such as price protection, reserves for returns and other allowances, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the “expected value” method or the “most likely amount” method depending on the nature of the variable consideration.  Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur.

For a majority of our revenue, which consists of printers, terminals, consumables, and replacement parts, the Company recognizes revenue as of a point of time.  The transaction price is recognized upon shipment of the order when control of the goods is transferred to the customer and at the time the performance obligation is fulfilled.  We also sell a software solution in our casino and gaming market, EPICENTRAL™, that enables casino operators to create promotional coupons and marketing messages and to print them in real-time at the slot machine.  EPICENTRAL^TM is primarily comprised of both a software component, which is licensed to the customer, and a hardware component.  EPICENTRAL™ software and hardware are integrated to deliver the system's full functionality.  The transaction prices from EPICENTRAL™ software license and hardware are recognized upon installation and formal acceptance by the customer when control of the license is transferred to the customer.  For out-of-warranty repairs, the transaction price is recognized after the repair work is completed and the printer or terminal is returned to the customer, as control of the product is transferred to the customer and our performance obligation is completed.

Performance obligations are satisfied over time if the customer receives the benefits as we perform work, if the customer controls the asset as it is being produced, or if the product being produced for the customer has no alternative use and we have a contractual right to payment.  For our separately priced extended warranty, BOHA! cloud-based software applications, technical support for our food service technology terminals and maintenance agreements (including free one-year maintenance received by customers upon completion of EPICENTRAL™ installation) revenue is recognized over time as the customer receives the benefit.  The transaction price from the maintenance services is recognized ratably over time, using output methods, as control of the services is transferred to the customer.  Our cloud-based BOHA! software allows customers to use hosted software over the contract period without taking possession of the software and are provided on a subscription basis and is recognized ratably over the contract period.  For extended warranties, the transaction price is recognized ratably over the warranty period, using output methods, as control of the services is transferred to the customer.

When there is more than one performance obligation in a customer arrangement, the Company typically uses the “standalone selling price” method to determine the transaction price to allocate to each performance obligation. The Company sells the performance obligations separately and has established standalone selling prices for its products and services. In the case of an overall price discount, the discount is applied to each performance obligation proportionately based on standalone selling price. To determine the standalone selling price for initial EPICENTRAL™ installations, the Company uses the adjusted market assessment approach.

For contracts with terms of less than 12 months, the Company expenses sales commissions as they are incurred, since the expected amortization period of the cost to obtain a contract is less than 12 months.  Prior to the adoption of ASC 606 in 2018, cost to obtain a contract were expensed as incurred regardless of the length of contract.

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table disaggregates our revenue by market-type, as we believe it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.  Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenues.

	Year Ended December 31, 2019
	United States		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Food Service Technology	$	5,522	$	582	$	6,104
POS Automation and Banking		5,714		44		5,758
Casino and Gaming		13,076		8,453		21,529
Lottery		1,290		1		1,291
Printrex		961		205		1,166
TransAct Services Group		8,769		1,131		9,900
Total net sales	$	35,332	$	10,416	$	45,748

	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	United States		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Food Service Technology	$	4,640	$	446	$	5,086
POS Automation and Banking		7,122		151		7,273
Casino and Gaming		17,518		9,075		26,593
Lottery		3,046		47		3,093
Printrex		1,028		269		1,297
TransAct Services Group		10,164		1,081		11,245
Total net sales	$	43,518	$	11,069	$	54,587

	Year Ended December 31, 2017
	United States		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Food Service Technology	$	4,488	$	374	$	4,862
POS Automation and Banking		7,596		309		7,905
Casino and Gaming		13,608		5,007		18,615
Lottery		8,626		1,179		9,805
Printrex		849		203		1,052
TransAct Services Group		13,553		519		14,072
Total net sales	$	48,720	$	7,591	$	56,311

Contract balances

Our contract liabilities consist of customer pre-payments and deferred revenue.  Customer prepayments are reported as “Accrued Liabilities” in current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and represent customer payments made in advance of performance obligations in instances where credit has not been extended and is recognized as revenue when the performance obligation is complete.  Deferred revenue is reported separately in current liabilities and non-current liabilities and consists of our extended warranty contracts, technical support for our food service technology terminals, EPICENTRAL™ maintenance contracts and testing service contracts and prepaid software subscriptions for our BOHA! software applications, and is recognized as revenue as (or when) we perform under the contract.  The increase in current and non-current deferred revenue is primarily due to the sale of BOHA! software subscriptions, extended warranties and technical support for our food service technology terminals.  We do not have any contract asset balances as of December 31, 2019 or 2018.  During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized revenue of $0.4 million related to our contract liabilities as of December 31, 2018.  Total contract liabilities consist of the following:

	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
Customer pre-payments	$	232	$	50
Deferred revenue, current		700		384
Deferred revenue, non-current		219		265
Total contract liabilities	$	1,151	$	699

Remaining performance obligations

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm orders for which a good or service has not been delivered to our customer.  As of December 31, 2019, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $5.8 million.  The Company expects to recognize revenue on $5.5 million of our remaining performance obligations within the next 12 months, $0.2 million within the next 24 months and the balance of these remaining performance obligations recognized within the next 36 months.

Concentration of credit risk:  Financial instruments that potentially expose us to concentrations of credit risk are limited to cash and cash equivalents held by our banks in excess of insured limits and accounts receivable.

Accounts receivable from customers representing 10% or more of total accounts receivable were as follows:

	December 31,
	2019			2018
International Gaming Technology ("IGT")		15	%		21	%
Bally Technologies		10	%		6	%

Sales to customers representing 10% or more of total net sales were as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
IGT		14	%		18	%		35	%

Warranty:  We generally warrant our products for up to 24 months and record the estimated cost of such product warranties at the time the sale is recorded.  Estimated warranty costs are based upon actual past experience of product repairs and the related estimated cost of labor and material to make the necessary repairs.

The following table summarizes the activity recorded in the accrued product warranty liability:

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	273		$	267		$	267
Warranties issued		181			269			259
Warranty settlements		(239	)		(263	)		(259	)
Balance, end of period	$	215		$	273		$	267

$174 thousand and $192 thousand of the accrued product warranty liability were classified as current in Accrued liabilities at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  The remaining $41 thousand and $81 thousand of the accrued product warranty liability as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, is classified as long-term in Other liabilities.

Engineering, design and product development:  Engineering, design and product development expenses include expenses incurred in connection with specialized engineering and design to introduce new products and to customize existing products, and are expensed as a component of operating expenses as incurred.  We recorded $4.4 million, $4.6 million and $4.3 million of research and development expenses in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Costs incurred in the engineering, design and product development of a computer software product are charged to expense until technological feasibility has been established, at which point all material software costs are capitalized within Intangible assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheet until the product is available for general release to customers.  While judgment is required in determining when technological feasibility of a product is established, we have determined that it is reached after all high-risk development issues have been documented in a formal detailed plan design.  The amortization of these costs have been included in cost of sales over the estimated life of the product.  During 2019 and 2018, we contracted several third-parties to develop software for our food service technology products.  Unamortized development costs for such software were $704 thousand as of December 31, 2019.  The total amount charged to cost of sales for capitalized software development costs was $186 thousand, $30 thousand and $2 thousand in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Advertising:  Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.  Advertising expenses, which are included in selling and marketing expense on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income, for 2019, 2018, and 2017 totaled $1.4 million, $1.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively. These expenses include items such as consulting and professional services, tradeshows, and print advertising.

Income taxes:  The income tax amounts reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are accounted for under the liability method in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”).  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.  We assess the likelihood that net deferred tax assets will be realized from future taxable income, and to the extent that we believe that realization is not likely, we establish a valuation allowance.  In accordance with ASC 740, we identified, evaluated and measured the amount of benefits to be recognized for our tax return positions.  See Note 10 for information regarding our accounting for income taxes and additional provision items recorded in regard to the Tax Cuts and Job Act.

Foreign currency translation:  The financial position and results of operations of our foreign subsidiary in the UK are measured using local currency as the functional currency.  Assets and liabilities of such subsidiary have been translated into U.S. dollars at the year-end exchange rate, related sales and expenses have been translated at the exchange rate as of the date the transaction was recognized, and shareholders’ equity has been translated at historical exchange rates.  The resulting translation gains or losses, net of tax, are recorded in shareholders’ equity as a cumulative translation adjustment, which is a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.  Foreign currency transaction gains and losses, including those related to intercompany balances, are recognized in Other, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Share-based payments:At December 31, 2019, we have share-based employee compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 9 - Stock incentive plans.  We account for those plans under the recognition and measurement principles of ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”).  Share-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period. 

We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the fair value of share based awards.  The key assumptions for this valuation method include the expected term of the option, stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, market price of our underlying stock and exercise price.  Many of these assumptions are judgmental and highly sensitive in the determination of compensation expense.  Beginning in the first quarter of 2017, we recognize forfeitures as they occur.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, "Compensation-Stock Compensation: Scope of modification accounting".  ASU 2017-09 provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in ASC 718.  ASU No. 2017-09 was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017.  The amendments are applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date.  We adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2018 and the adoption did not result in a change to our financial statements.

Net income and loss per share:  We report net income or loss per share in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share (EPS).” Under this guidance, basic EPS, which excludes dilution, is computed by dividing income or loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period.  Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.  Diluted EPS includes in-the-money stock options using the treasury stock method.  During a loss period, the assumed exercise of in-the-money stock options has an anti-dilutive effect, and therefore, these instruments are excluded from the computation of dilutive EPS.  See Note 11 - Earnings per share.

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Geographic area information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Geographical area information [Abstract]
Net sales	$ 11,162	$ 11,686	$ 11,350	$ 11,550	$ 11,755	$ 15,838	$ 14,751	$ 12,243	$ 45,748	$ 54,587	$ 56,311
Fixed assets, net	2,244				2,272				2,244	2,272	2,169
United States [Member]
Geographical area information [Abstract]
Net sales									35,332	43,518	48,720
International [Member]
Geographical area information [Abstract]
Net sales									$ 10,416	$ 11,069	$ 7,591
Sales [Member] | Geographic Concentration Risk [Member] | International [Member]
Geographical area information [Abstract]
Concentration risk percentage									23.00%	20.00%	14.00%
Sales [Member] | Geographic Concentration Risk [Member] | Europe [Member]
Geographical area information [Abstract]
Concentration risk percentage									44.00%	56.00%	44.00%
Sales [Member] | Geographic Concentration Risk [Member] | Pacific Rim [Member]
Geographical area information [Abstract]
Concentration risk percentage									46.00%	36.00%	32.00%
Sales [Member] | Geographic Concentration Risk [Member] | Canada [Member]
Geographical area information [Abstract]
Concentration risk percentage									8.00%	6.00%	18.00%
Reportable Geographical Components [Member] | United States [Member]
Geographical area information [Abstract]
Net sales									$ 35,332	$ 43,518	$ 48,720
Fixed assets, net	1,326				1,767				1,326	1,767	1,548
Reportable Geographical Components [Member] | International [Member]
Geographical area information [Abstract]
Net sales									10,416	11,069	7,591
Fixed assets, net	$ 918				$ 505				$ 918	$ 505	$ 621

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Income taxes, Effective tax rate reconciliation (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation [Abstract]
Federal statutory tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	34.00%
Valuation allowance and tax accruals	14.80%	1.00%	1.60%
State income taxes, net of federal income taxes	12.00%	1.20%	1.30%
Business meals and entertainment	5.40%	0.40%	0.40%
Miscellaneous permanent items	1.40%	0.30%	(0.90%)
Uncertain tax positions	1.00%	(0.00%)	(0.10%)
Stock option cancellations	0.80%	0.00%	1.70%
U.S. corporate tax rate change	0.00%	0.00%	19.40%
Foreign-derived intangible income deduction	(5.40%)	(1.50%)	(0.00%)
Stock award excess tax benefit	(8.40%)	(1.50%)	(1.40%)
R&D credit	(83.20%)	(4.90%)	(3.30%)
Other	0.00%	0.10%	(0.10%)
Effective tax rate	(40.60%)	16.10%	52.60%

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Stock incentive plans, Stock options (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Remaining Term [Abstract]
Unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options	$ 1,481,000
Weighted average period to recognize compensation cost not yet recognized	2 years 1 month 6 days
Intrinsic value of stock options exercised		$ 280,000	$ 958,000
Fair value of all awards vested	$ 1,600,000	1,100,000	1,100,000
Cash received from exercise of stock options	$ 0	416,000	1,043,000
Excess tax benefit in provision for income taxes		$ 17,000	$ 150,000
2005 Equity Incentive Plan and 2014 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Stock Options [Member]
Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Outstanding, beginning of period (in shares)	1,004,293
Granted (in shares)	180,675
Exercised (in shares)	0
Forfeited (in shares)	(36,625)
Expired (in shares)	(5,875)
Outstanding, end of period (in shares)	1,142,468	1,004,293
Options vested or expected to vest (in shares)	1,142,468
Options exercisable, end of period (in shares)	730,500
Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Outstanding, beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 9.00
Granted (in dollars per share)	10.31
Exercised (in dollars per share)	0
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	8.72
Expired (in dollars per share)	6.05
Outstanding, end of period (in dollars per share)	9.23	$ 9.00
Options vested or expected to vest (in dollars per share)	9.23
Options exercisable, end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 8.62
Aggregate Intrinsic Value [Abstract]
Options vested and expected to vest	$ 2,441,000
Options exercisable, end of period	$ 1,888,000
Remaining Term [Abstract]
Options vested and expected to vest	5 years 8 months 12 days
Options exercisable, end of period	4 years 1 month 6 days
2005 Equity Incentive Plan and 2014 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Share Units [Member]
Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Options vested or expected to vest (in shares)	90,575
Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Options vested or expected to vest (in dollars per share)	$ 0
Number of Units [Roll Forward]
Outstanding, beginning of period (in shares)	98,600
Granted (in shares)	58,050
Exercised (in shares)	(45,167)
Forfeited (in shares)	(20,908)
Expired (in shares)	0
Outstanding, end of period (in shares)	90,575	98,600
Weighted Average Grant Stock Price [Abstract]
Outstanding, beginning of period (in dollars per share)	$ 9.82
Granted (in dollars per share)	10.44
Exercised (in dollars per share)	9.16
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	12.12
Expired (in dollars per share)	0
Outstanding, end of period (in dollars per share)	$ 10.46	$ 9.82
Aggregate Intrinsic Value [Abstract]
Restricted stock units vested and expected to vest	$ 994,000
Remaining Term [Abstract]
Restricted stock units vested and expected to vest	2 years 6 months

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Summary of significant accounting policies, Revenue recognition - Disaggregation of revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Summary of significant accounting policies [Abstract]
Term of free maintenance upon completion of software installation									1 year
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales	$ 11,162	$ 11,686	$ 11,350	$ 11,550	$ 11,755	$ 15,838	$ 14,751	$ 12,243	$ 45,748	$ 54,587	$ 56,311
United States [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									35,332	43,518	48,720
International [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									10,416	11,069	7,591
Food Service Technology [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									6,104	5,086	4,862
Food Service Technology [Member] | United States [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									5,522	4,640	4,488
Food Service Technology [Member] | International [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									582	446	374
POS Automation and Banking [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									5,758	7,273	7,905
POS Automation and Banking [Member] | United States [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									5,714	7,122	7,596
POS Automation and Banking [Member] | International [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									44	151	309
Casino and Gaming [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									21,529	26,593	18,615
Casino and Gaming [Member] | United States [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									13,076	17,518	13,608
Casino and Gaming [Member] | International [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									8,453	9,075	5,007
Lottery [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									1,291	3,093	9,805
Lottery [Member] | United States [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									1,290	3,046	8,626
Lottery [Member] | International [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									1	47	1,179
Printrex [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									1,166	1,297	1,052
Printrex [Member] | United States [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									961	1,028	849
Printrex [Member] | International [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									205	269	203
TransAct Services Group [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									9,900	11,245	14,072
TransAct Services Group [Member] | United States [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									8,769	10,164	13,553
TransAct Services Group [Member] | International [Member]
Disaggregation of revenue [Abstract]
Net sales									$ 1,131	$ 1,081	$ 519

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Summary of significant accounting policies, Warranty (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accrued product warranty liability [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 273	$ 267	$ 267
Warranties issued	181	269	259
Warranty settlements	(239)	(263)	(259)
Balance, end of period	215	273	$ 267
Accrued product warranty liability, current	174	192
Accrued product warranty liability, long-term	$ 41	$ 81
Maximum [Member]
Warranty [Abstract]
Product warranty period	24 months

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Summary of significant accounting policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Summary of significant accounting policies [Abstract]

Allowance for doubtful accounts

The following table summarizes the activity recorded in the valuation account for accounts receivable:

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018		2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	205		$	100	$	50
Additions charged to costs and expenses		39			105		50
Deductions		(23	)		-		-
Balance, end of period	$	221		$	205	$	100

Disaggregation of revenue

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table disaggregates our revenue by market-type, as we believe it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.  Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenues.

	Year Ended December 31, 2019
	United States		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Food Service Technology	$	5,522	$	582	$	6,104
POS Automation and Banking		5,714		44		5,758
Casino and Gaming		13,076		8,453		21,529
Lottery		1,290		1		1,291
Printrex		961		205		1,166
TransAct Services Group		8,769		1,131		9,900
Total net sales	$	35,332	$	10,416	$	45,748

	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	United States		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Food Service Technology	$	4,640	$	446	$	5,086
POS Automation and Banking		7,122		151		7,273
Casino and Gaming		17,518		9,075		26,593
Lottery		3,046		47		3,093
Printrex		1,028		269		1,297
TransAct Services Group		10,164		1,081		11,245
Total net sales	$	43,518	$	11,069	$	54,587

	Year Ended December 31, 2017
	United States		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Food Service Technology	$	4,488	$	374	$	4,862
POS Automation and Banking		7,596		309		7,905
Casino and Gaming		13,608		5,007		18,615
Lottery		8,626		1,179		9,805
Printrex		849		203		1,052
TransAct Services Group		13,553		519		14,072
Total net sales	$	48,720	$	7,591	$	56,311

Contract liabilities

Contract balances

Our contract liabilities consist of customer pre-payments and deferred revenue.  Customer prepayments are reported as “Accrued Liabilities” in current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and represent customer payments made in advance of performance obligations in instances where credit has not been extended and is recognized as revenue when the performance obligation is complete.  Deferred revenue is reported separately in current liabilities and non-current liabilities and consists of our extended warranty contracts, technical support for our food service technology terminals, EPICENTRAL™ maintenance contracts and testing service contracts and prepaid software subscriptions for our BOHA! software applications, and is recognized as revenue as (or when) we perform under the contract.  The increase in current and non-current deferred revenue is primarily due to the sale of BOHA! software subscriptions, extended warranties and technical support for our food service technology terminals.  We do not have any contract asset balances as of December 31, 2019 or 2018.  During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized revenue of $0.4 million related to our contract liabilities as of December 31, 2018.  Total contract liabilities consist of the following:

	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
Customer pre-payments	$	232	$	50
Deferred revenue, current		700		384
Deferred revenue, non-current		219		265
Total contract liabilities	$	1,151	$	699

Concentration of risk

Accounts receivable from customers representing 10% or more of total accounts receivable were as follows:

	December 31,
	2019			2018
International Gaming Technology ("IGT")		15	%		21	%
Bally Technologies		10	%		6	%

Sales to customers representing 10% or more of total net sales were as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
IGT		14	%		18	%		35	%

Product warranty liability

The following table summarizes the activity recorded in the accrued product warranty liability:

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	273		$	267		$	267
Warranties issued		181			269			259
Warranty settlements		(239	)		(263	)		(259	)
Balance, end of period	$	215		$	273		$	267

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Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

15. Leases

Operating lease expense for the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $1.0 million, $1.1 million and $1.1 million, respectively, and was included within Cost of sales, Engineering, design and product development expense, Selling and marketing expense, and General and administrative expense.  Operating costs include short-term lease costs which were immaterial during the period.

The following information represents supplemental disclosure for the statement of cash flows related to operating leases (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31, 2019
Operating cash outflows from leases	$	1,031

The following summarizes additional information related to our leases as of December 31, 2019:

	December 31, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)		5.0
Weighted average discount rate		3.7	%

The maturity of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

	December 31, 2019
2020	$	1,042
2021		711
2022		434
2023		268
2024		273
Thereafter		616
Total undiscounted lease payments		3,344
Less imputed interest		295
Total lease liabilities	$	3,049

Prior to the adoption of ASC 842, rental commitments on an undiscounted basis were approximately $4.3 million at December 31, 2018 under non-cancelable operating leases and were payable as follows: $1.0 million in 2019; $1.0 million in 2020; $0.7 million in 2021; $0.4 million in 2022, $0.3 million in 2023 and $0.9 million thereafter.

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Description of business

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Description of business [Abstract]

Description of business

1. Description of business

 TransAct Technologies Incorporated (together with its subsidiaries, “TransAct,” the “Company,” "we,", "us,", "our"), which has its headquarters in Hamden, Connecticut and its primary operating facility in Ithaca, New York, operates in one operating segment: software-driven technology and printing solutions for high growth markets including food service technology, casino and gaming, lottery, POS automation and banking, and oil and gas markets.  Our solutions are designed from the ground up based on market and customer requirements and are sold under the BOHA!^TM, AccuDate™ Ithaca®, Epic, EPICENTRAL^TM and Printrex® product brands.  We sell our products to original equipment manufacturers, value-added resellers, select distributors, and directly to end-users.  Our product distribution spans across the Americas, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Australia, the Caribbean Islands and the South Pacific. TransAct also provides world-class service, spare parts, accessories and printing supplies to its growing worldwide installed base of products.  We also generate revenue from the after-market side of the business, providing printer and terminal service, supplies and spare parts in addition to revenue from our two software solutions; (i)the EPICENTRAL^TM Print System (“EPICENTRAL^TM”), that enables casino operators to create promotional coupons and marketing messages and print them in real-time at the slot machine and (ii) our newly-launched line of BOHA! software applications used to automate the back-of-house operations of restaurants and other food service establishments.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME [Abstract]
Net sales	$ 45,748	$ 54,587	$ 56,311
Cost of sales	23,813	27,844	29,649
Gross profit	21,935	26,743	26,662
Operating expenses:
Engineering, design and product development	4,393	4,576	4,303
Selling and marketing	8,033	7,203	7,561
General and administrative	9,166	8,205	7,984
Operating expenses	21,592	19,984	19,848
Operating income	343	6,759	6,814
Interest and other income (expense):
Interest expense	(28)	(27)	(33)
Interest income	17	0	0
Other, net	35	(266)	(9)
Interest and other income (expense)	24	(293)	(42)
Income before income taxes	367	6,466	6,772
Income tax (benefit) provision	(149)	1,040	3,561
Net income	$ 516	$ 5,426	$ 3,211
Net income per common share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.07	$ 0.73	$ 0.43
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.07	$ 0.70	$ 0.42
Shares used in per-share calculation:
Basic (in shares)	7,466	7,444	7,423
Diluted (in shares)	7,677	7,759	7,592
Dividends declared and paid per common share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.36	$ 0.36	$ 0.35

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Earnings per share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Earnings per share [Abstract]

Earnings per share

For 2019, 2018, and 2017, earnings per share was computed as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Net income	$	516	$	5,426	$	3,211
Shares:
Basic:  Weighted average common shares outstanding		7,466		7,444		7,423
Add:  Dilutive effect of outstanding equity awards as determined by the treasury stock method		211		315		169
Diluted:  Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding		7,677		7,759		7,592
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	0.07	$	0.73	$	0.43
Diluted		0.07		0.70		0.42

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Description of business (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 Segment Solution
Description of business [Abstract]
Number of operating segments | Segment	1
Number of software solutions from the after-market side of the business | Solution	2

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Income taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Income taxes [Abstract]

Income taxes

11. Income taxes

The components of the income tax provision are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Current:
Federal	$	58		$	1,049		$	2,379
State		51			85			114
Foreign		36			13			(49	)
		145			1,147			2,444
Deferred:
Federal		(205	)		10			1,097
State		5			–			20
Foreign		(94	)		(107	)		–
		(294	)		(107	)		1,117
Income tax provision (benefit)	$	(149	)	$	1,040		$	3,561

On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted significant changes to U.S. tax law following the passage and signing of the Tax Reform Act. The legislation significantly changes U.S. tax law by, among other things, lowering corporate income tax rates, implementing a territorial tax system and imposing a one-time repatriation tax on undistributed foreign earnings. The Tax Reform Act permanently reduces the U.S. corporate income tax rate from a maximum of 35% to a flat 21% rate, effective January 1, 2018. Income tax effects resulting from changes in tax laws are accounted for by the Company in accordance with authoritative guidance, which requires that these tax effects be recognized in the period in which the law is enacted.

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to reverse. As a result of the reduction of TransAct's U.S. corporate income tax rate from 34% to 21% under the Tax Reform Act, the Company revalued its ending net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017 and recognized a provisional $1.3 million charge to income tax expense in the Company's consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2017.

The Tax Reform Act also provided for a one-time deemed mandatory repatriation of post-1986 undistributed foreign subsidiary earnings and profits ("E&P") through the year ended December 31, 2017. The Company had no undistributed foreign E&P subject to the one-time mandatory repatriation and, therefore, did not recognize any income tax expense related to undistributed foreign subsidiary E&P for the year ended December 31, 2017.

While the Tax Reform Act provides for a territorial tax system, beginning in 2018, it includes two new U.S. tax base erosion provisions, the global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") provisions and the base-erosion and anti-abuse tax ("BEAT") provisions. The GILTI provisions require the Company to include in its U.S. income tax return foreign subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return on the foreign subsidiary's tangible assets. The BEAT provisions in the Tax Reform Act eliminate the deduction of certain base-erosion payments made to related foreign corporations, and impose a minimum tax if greater than regular tax. The Company is not currently subject to these taxes and therefore has not included any tax impacts of GILTI or BEAT in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 or 2018.

At December 31, 2019, we have no federal or state net operating loss carryforwards, $111 thousand in R&D credit carryforwards, and no state tax credit carryforwards.  Foreign loss before taxes was $515 thousand, $286 thousand, and $563 thousand in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Deferred income taxes arise from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements.  Our deferred tax assets and liabilities were comprised of the following:

	December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018
Deferred tax assets:
Foreign net operating losses	$	538		$	390
Depreciation		165			71
Inventory reserves		916			879
Deferred revenue		58			16
Warranty reserve		47			60
Stock compensation expense		701			682
Other accrued compensation		226			233
R&D credit carryforward		111			–
Other liabilities and reserves		276			278
Gross deferred tax assets		3,038			2,609
Valuation allowance		(444	)		(390	)
Net deferred tax assets		2,594			2,219
Deferred tax liabilities:
Other		29			21
Net deferred tax liabilities		29			21
Total net deferred tax assets	$	2,565		$	2,198

As of December 31, 2019 a valuation allowance of $444 thousand has been established for foreign net operating loss carryforwards that are not expected to be used. The following table summarizes the activity recorded in the valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets:

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019		2018		2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	390	$	328	$	423
Additions charged to income tax provision		54		62		67
Reductions credited to income tax provision		–		–		(162	)
Balance, end of period	$	444	$	390	$	328

Differences between the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate and our effective income tax rate are analyzed below:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Federal statutory tax rate		21.0	%		21.0	%		34.0	%
Valuation allowance and tax accruals		14.8			1.0			1.6
State income taxes, net of federal income taxes		12.0			1.2			1.3
Business meals and entertainment		5.4			0.4			0.4
Miscellaneous permanent items		1.4			0.3			(0.9	)
Uncertain tax positions		1.0			–			(0.1	)
Stock option cancellations		0.8			–			1.7
U.S. corporate tax rate change		–			–			19.4
Foreign-derived intangible income deduction		(5.4	)		(1.5	)		–
Stock award excess tax benefit		(8.4	)		(1.5	)		(1.4	)
R&D credit		(83.2	)		(4.9	)		(3.3	)
Other		–			0.1			(0.1	)
Effective tax rate		(40.6	%)		16.1	%		52.6	%

Our effective tax rates were -40.6%, 16.1%, and 52.6% for 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. We recorded a tax benefit in 2019 due to the impact of R&D credits on a near break-even level of income before income tax.

We had $107 thousand and $104 thousand of total gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in any future periods.  We are not aware of any events that could occur within the next twelve months that could cause a significant change in the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits.  A tabular reconciliation of the gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits at the beginning and end of the year is as follows:

	December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018
Unrecognized tax benefits as of January 1	$	104		$	104
Tax positions taken during the current period		28			28
Lapse of statute of limitations		(25	)		(28	)
Unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31	$	107		$	104

We expect $27 thousand of the $107 thousand of unrecognized tax benefits will reverse in 2020 upon the expiration of the statute of limitations.

We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in the income tax provision.  We have accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions of $18 thousand and $17 thousand as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

We are subject to U.S. federal income tax as well as income tax of certain state and foreign jurisdictions.  We have substantially concluded all U.S. federal income tax, state and local, and foreign tax matters through 2015.  However, our federal tax returns for the years 2016 through 2018 remain open to examination. Various state and foreign tax jurisdiction tax years remain open to examination as well, though we believe that any additional assessment would be immaterial to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Accrued liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accrued liabilities [Abstract]

Accrued liabilities

7. Accrued liabilities

The components of accrued liabilities are:

	December 31,
(In thousands)	2019		2018
Salaries and compensation related	$	1,541	$	1,817
Warranty		174		192
Professional and consulting		465		231
Other		861		525
	$	3,041	$	2,765

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Note receivable

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Note receivable [Abstract]

Note receivable

3. Note receivable

The note receivable balance relates to a loan given to a third party and repayment is expected to occur in 12 months or less of original issuance.  The note receivable has an interest rate of 4.5% and is due in April 2020.  Notes receivable are stated at unpaid balances and interest income is recognized on the accrual method.  As of December 31, 2019, we have no allowances for loan losses, unamortized deferred loan fees or unearned discounts.

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Subsequent events (Details) - USD ($)			12 Months Ended
	Mar. 13, 2020	Feb. 28, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Note Receivable [Abstract]
Issuance of note receivable			$ 1,000,000	$ 0	$ 0
Outstanding principal balance of note receivable			$ 1,017,000	$ 0
Subsequent Event [Member]
Lease [Abstract]
Extension period for leases		4 years
Note Receivable [Abstract]
Issuance of note receivable	$ 600,000
Outstanding principal balance of note receivable	1,600,000
Subsequent Event [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Siena Lending Group LLC [Member]
Credit Facility [Abstract]
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 10,000,000
Interest rate	6.50%
Closing fee payable	$ 63,000
Percentage of closing fee payable on closing date	50.00%
Percentage of closing fee payable on first anniversary of closing date	50.00%
Percentage fee on unused borrowings	0.50%
Percentage of eligible accounts receivable	85.00%
Eligible inventory	$ 5,000,000
Percentage of eligible raw material and finished good inventory	50.00%
Subsequent Event [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Siena Lending Group LLC [Member] | Prime Rate [Member]
Credit Facility [Abstract]
Basis spread on variable rate	1.75%
Subsequent Event [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility [Member] | Siena Lending Group LLC [Member] | Federal Funds Rate [Member]
Credit Facility [Abstract]
Basis spread on variable rate	2.25%

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Borrowings (Details) - TD Bank [Member] - Revolving Credit Facility [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Nov. 21, 2017	Nov. 20, 2017
Credit Facility [Abstract]
Maximum borrowing capacity	$ 20,000
Percentage fee on unused borrowings	0.125%
Loans used to fund future cash dividend payments or treasury share buybacks		$ 12,500	$ 10,000
Balance outstanding	$ 0
Prime Rate [Member]
Credit Facility [Abstract]
Basis spread on variable rate	(1.00%)

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Fixed assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fixed assets [Abstract]
Fixed assets	$ 20,627	$ 22,463
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(19,010)	(20,518)
Fixed assets, net	2,244	2,272	$ 2,169
Tooling, Machinery and Equipment [Member]
Fixed assets [Abstract]
Fixed assets	9,175	11,177
Furniture and Office Equipment [Member]
Fixed assets [Abstract]
Fixed assets	1,694	1,690
Computer Software and Equipment [Member]
Fixed assets [Abstract]
Fixed assets	7,062	6,930
Leasehold Improvements [Member]
Fixed assets [Abstract]
Fixed assets	2,696	2,666
Fixed Assets, Excluding Construction in-Process [Member]
Fixed assets [Abstract]
Fixed assets, net	1,617	1,945
Construction in-Process [Member]
Fixed assets [Abstract]
Fixed assets	$ 627	$ 327

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Summary of significant accounting policies, Advertising (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Advertising [Abstract]
Advertising expense	$ 1.4	$ 1.0	$ 1.0

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Summary of significant accounting policies, Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Leases [Abstract]
Right-of-use asset	$ 2,855	$ 0
Lease liability	$ 2,104	0
Minimum [Member]
Leases [Abstract]
Remaining lease terms	1 year
Maximum [Member]
Leases [Abstract]
Remaining lease terms	8 years
Extension period for leases	5 years
Termination period for leases	1 year
ASC 842 [Member]
Leases [Abstract]
Right-of-use asset		3,700
Lease liability		$ 3,900

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Summary of significant accounting policies, Revenue recognition - Remaining performance obligations (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Remaining performance obligations [Abstract]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 5.8
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-01-01
Remaining performance obligations [Abstract]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 5.5
Expected timing of satisfaction, period	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2021-01-01
Remaining performance obligations [Abstract]
Remaining performance obligations	$ 0.2
Expected timing of satisfaction, period	12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2022-01-01
Remaining performance obligations [Abstract]
Remaining performance obligations
Expected timing of satisfaction, period	12 months

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Earnings per share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended								12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Jun. 30, 2018	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings per share [Abstract]
Net income	$ (800)	$ 384	$ 186	$ 746	$ 962	$ 2,574	$ 1,210	$ 680	$ 516	$ 5,426	$ 3,211
Shares [Abstract]
Basic: Weighted average common shares outstanding (in shares)									7,466	7,444	7,423
Add: Dilutive effect of outstanding equity awards as determined by the treasury stock method (in shares)									211	315	169
Diluted: Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding (in shares)									7,677	7,759	7,592
Net income per common share [Abstract]
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.11)	$ 0.05	$ 0.02	$ 0.10	$ 0.13	$ 0.35	$ 0.16	$ 0.09	$ 0.07	$ 0.73	$ 0.43
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.11)	$ 0.05	$ 0.02	$ 0.10	$ 0.12	$ 0.33	$ 0.16	$ 0.09	$ 0.07	$ 0.70	$ 0.42
Stock Awards [Member]
Earnings per share [Abstract]
Anti-dilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per dilutive share (in shares)									447	149	341

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Income taxes, Deferred tax assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Deferred tax assets [Abstract]
Foreign net operating losses	$ 538	$ 390
Depreciation	165	71
Inventory reserves	916	879
Deferred revenue	58	16
Warranty reserve	47	60
Stock compensation expense	701	682
Other accrued compensation	226	233
R&D credit carryforward	111	0
Other liabilities and reserves	276	278
Gross deferred tax assets	3,038	2,609
Valuation allowance	(444)	(390)
Net deferred tax assets	2,594	2,219
Deferred tax liabilities [Abstract]
Other	29	21
Net deferred tax liabilities	29	21
Total net deferred tax assets	$ 2,565	$ 2,198

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Subsequent events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Subsequent events [Abstract]

Subsequent events

17. Subsequent events

On February 28, 2020, we entered into an amendment to extend the lease on our facility in Ithaca, New York.  The lease, which was last amended on January 14, 2016, was scheduled to expire on May 31, 2021.  The lease amendment provides for an extension of the lease for four additional years from June 1, 2021 to May 31, 2025. 

On March 13, 2020, we entered into a new $10 million credit facility (the “Siena Credit Facility”) with Siena Lending Group LLC.  The Siena Credit Facility replaced our TD Bank Credit Facility.  The Siena Credit Facility provides for a $10 million revolving credit line expiring on March 13, 2023.  Borrowings under the Siena Credit Facility bear a floating rate of interest equal to the greatest of (i) the prime rate plus 1.75%, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 2.25%, and (iii) 6.50%. We incurred a closing fee of $63 thousand payable 50% on the closing date and 50% on the first anniversary of the closing date.   We also pay a fee of 0.50% on unused borrowings under the facility.  Borrowings under the facility are secured by a lien on substantially all the assets of the Company.  The Siena Credit Facility imposes certain financial covenants on the Company and borrowings are subject to a borrowing base based on (i) 85% of eligible accounts receivable plus the lesser of (a) $5,000,000 and (b) 50% of eligible raw material and finished good inventory.

On March 13, 2020 we loaned an additional $0.6 million to a third party increasing the total note receivable principal balance to $1.6 million.  Repayment is expected to occur in 12 months or less of original issuance and the terms of the loan are the same as the original loan disclosed in Note 3-Note receivable above.

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Stock repurchase program

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Stock repurchase program [Abstract]

Stock repurchase program

13. Stock repurchase program

Prior to its expiration on December 31, 2019, we maintained a stock repurchase program (the "2018 Stock Repurchase Program") whereby we were authorized to repurchase up to $5 million of our outstanding shares of common stock from time to time in the open market at prevailing market prices based on market conditions, share price and other factors.  We use the cost method to account for treasury stock purchases, under which the price paid for the stock is charged to the treasury stock account.  Repurchases of our common stock are accounted for as of the settlement date.  During 2019 we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock.  From the start of the 2018 Stock Repurchase Program on March 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018, we repurchased  156,410 shares of our common stock for approximately $2.0 million at an average price per share of $12.79. 

In 2017, under a prior repurchase program that was in place from February 25, 2016 through December 31, 2017, we purchased 36,465 shares of our common stock for $0.4 million at an average price of $9.84 per share.  From January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2019, we repurchased a total of 4,044,842 shares of common stock for $32.1 million, at an average price of $7.94 per share.

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Fixed assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Fixed assets [Abstract]

Fixed assets

The components of fixed assets, net are:

	December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018
Tooling, machinery and equipment	$	9,175		$	11,177
Furniture and office equipment		1,694			1,690
Computer software and equipment		7,062			6,930
Leasehold improvements		2,696			2,666
		20,627			22,463
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(19,010	)		(20,518	)
		1,617			1,945
Construction in-process		627			327
	$	2,244		$	2,272

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 4,203	$ 4,691
Accounts receivable, net	6,418	8,025
Note receivable	1,017	0
Inventories, net	12,099	12,835
Prepaid income taxes	180	809
Other current assets	998	677
Total current assets	24,915	27,037
Fixed assets, net	2,244	2,272
Right-of-use-asset	2,855	0
Goodwill	2,621	2,621
Deferred tax assets	2,565	2,198
Intangible assets, net	817	797
Other assets	44	31
Total noncurrent assets	11,146	7,919
Total assets	36,061	34,956
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	2,960	3,483
Accrued liabilities	3,041	2,765
Lease liability	945	0
Deferred revenue	700	384
Total current liabilities	7,646	6,632
Deferred revenue, net of current portion	219	265
Lease liability, net of current portion	2,104	0
Deferred rent, net of current portion	0	250
Other liabilities	166	242
Total noncurrent liabilities	2,489	757
Total liabilities	10,135	7,389
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock	0	0
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized; 11,500,502 and 11,463,141 shares issued, respectively; 7,455,660 and 7,418,299 shares outstanding, respectively	115	115
Additional paid-in capital	32,604	32,129
Retained earnings	25,348	27,515
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(31)	(82)
Treasury stock, 4,044,842 shares, at cost	(32,110)	(32,110)
Total shareholders' equity	25,926	27,567
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	36,061	34,956
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock	$ 0	$ 0

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Member]	Total
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 112	$ 29,701	$ 24,157	$ (29,752)	$ (109)	$ 24,109
Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016	7,333,364
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of shares from exercise of stock options	$ 2	1,041	0	0	0	1,043
Issuance of shares from exercise of stock options (in shares)	166,600
Issuance of common stock on restricted stock units	$ 0	0	0	0	0	0
Issuance of common stock on restricted stock units (in shares)	8,300
Issuance of common stock on deferred stock units	$ 0	0	0	0	0	0
Issuance of common stock on deferred stock units (in shares)	8,663
Relinquishment of stock options and deferred stock units to pay withholding taxes	$ 0	(29)	0	0	0	(29)
Relinquishment of stock awards and deferred stock units to pay withholding taxes (in shares)	(2,368)
Purchase of treasury stock	$ 0	0	0	(358)	0	(358)
Purchase of treasury stock (in shares)	(36,465)
Dividends declared and paid on common stock	$ 0	0	(2,581)	0	0	(2,581)
Share-based compensation expense	0	609	0	0	0	609
Adjustments upon adoptions of ASU 2016-09	0	31	(31)	0	0	0
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	0	0	0	0	10	10
Net income	0	0	3,211	0	0	3,211
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 114	31,353	24,756	(30,110)	(99)	26,014
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017	7,478,094
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of shares from exercise of stock options	$ 1	415	0	0	0	416
Issuance of shares from exercise of stock options (in shares)	58,146
Issuance of common stock on restricted stock units	$ 0	0	0	0	0	0
Issuance of common stock on restricted stock units (in shares)	33,935
Issuance of common stock on deferred stock units	$ 0	0	0	0	0	0
Issuance of common stock on deferred stock units (in shares)	23,578
Relinquishment of stock options and deferred stock units to pay withholding taxes	$ 0	(268)	0	0	0	(268)
Relinquishment of stock awards and deferred stock units to pay withholding taxes (in shares)	(19,044)
Purchase of treasury stock	$ 0	0	0	(2,000)	0	(2,000)
Purchase of treasury stock (in shares)	(156,410)
Dividends declared and paid on common stock	$ 0	0	(2,667)	0	0	(2,667)
Share-based compensation expense	0	629	0	0	0	629
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	0	0	0	0	17	17
Net income	0	0	5,426	0	0	5,426
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2018	$ 115	32,129	27,515	(32,110)	(82)	$ 27,567
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018	7,418,299					11,463,141
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock on restricted stock units	$ 0	0	0	0	0	$ 0
Issuance of common stock on restricted stock units (in shares)	45,167
Issuance of common stock on deferred stock units	$ 0	0	0	0	0	0
Issuance of common stock on deferred stock units (in shares)	28,231
Relinquishment of stock options and deferred stock units to pay withholding taxes	$ 0	(217)	0	0	0	(217)
Relinquishment of stock awards and deferred stock units to pay withholding taxes (in shares)	(21,449)
Dividends declared and paid on common stock	$ 0	0	(2,683)	0	0	(2,683)
Share-based compensation expense	0	692	0	0	0	692
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	0	0	0	0	51	51
Net income	0	0	516	0	0	516
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 115	$ 32,604	$ 25,348	$ (32,110)	$ (31)	$ 25,926
Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019	7,470,248					11,515,090

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Borrowings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Borrowings [Abstract]

Borrowings

9. Borrowings

During 2019, we maintained a credit facility (the “TD Bank Credit Facility”) with TD Bank N.A. (“TD Bank) which provided for a $20 million revolving credit line.  On November 21, 2017, we signed an amendment to the TD Bank Credit Facility extending the term through November 28, 2022.  Borrowings under the revolving credit line bear a floating rate of interest at the prime rate minus one percent and are secured by a lien on all our assets.  We also pay a fee of 0.125% on unused borrowings under the revolving credit line.  The amendment increased the amount of revolving credit loans we may use to fund future cash dividend payments or treasury share buybacks to $12.5 million from $10 million.

The TD Bank Credit Facility imposes certain quarterly financial covenants on us and restricts, among other things, our ability to incur additional indebtedness and the creation of other liens. On November 6, 2019, we amended our TD Credit Facility to change the definition of interest expense to exclude fees paid on unused borrowings under the revolving credit line which is used to calculate total debt service in the operating cash flow to total debt service financial covenant.  We were in compliance with all financial covenants of the TD Bank Credit Facility at December 31, 2019.

As of December 31, 2019, we had no outstanding borrowings under the TD Bank Credit facility. 

On March 13, 2020, we terminated our TD Bank Credit Facility and signed a new credit facility with Siena Lending Group LLC.  See Note 16 – Subsequent Event.

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Fixed assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Fixed assets [Abstract]

Fixed assets

5. Fixed assets

The components of fixed assets, net are:

	December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018
Tooling, machinery and equipment	$	9,175		$	11,177
Furniture and office equipment		1,694			1,690
Computer software and equipment		7,062			6,930
Leasehold improvements		2,696			2,666
		20,627			22,463
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(19,010	)		(20,518	)
		1,617			1,945
Construction in-process		627			327
	$	2,244		$	2,272

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Summary of significant accounting policies, Allowance for doubtful accounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Allowance for doubtful accounts [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 205	$ 100	$ 50
Additions charged to costs and expenses	39	105	50
Deductions	(23)	0	0
Balance, end of period	$ 221	$ 205	$ 100

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Stock incentive plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Stock incentive plans [Abstract]

Assumptions used in option valuation calculations

The table below indicates the key assumptions used in the option valuation calculations for options granted in 2019, 2018, and 2017 and a discussion of our methodology for developing each of the assumptions used in the valuation model:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Expected option term (in years)		6.8			6.8			6.8
Expected volatility		38.8	%		38.0	%		36.2	%
Risk-free interest rate		2.6	%		2.7	%		2.1	%
Dividend yield		3.5	%		2.6	%		4.3	%

Stock option activity

Equity award activity in the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and 2014 Equity Incentive Plan is summarized below:

	Stock Options					Restricted Stock Units
	Number of Shares			Average Price*		Number of Units			Average Price**
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		1,004,293		$	9.00		98,600		$	9.82
Granted		180,675			10.31		58,050			10.44
Exercised		–			–		(45,167	)		9.16
Forfeited		(36,625	)		8.72		(20,908	)		12.12
Expired		(5,875	)		6.05		–			–
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		1,142,468		$	9.23		90,575		$	10.46

* weighted average exercise price per share

** weighted-average grant stock price per share

Equity awards vested and expected to vest

The following summarizes information about equity awards outstanding that are vested and expect to vest and equity awards that are exercisable at December 31, 2019:

	Equity Awards Vested and Expected to Vest								Equity Awards That Are Exercisable
	Awards		Average Price*		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Remaining Term**		Awards		Average Price*		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Remaining Term**
Stock Options		1,142,468	$	9.23	$	2,441		5.7		730,500	$	8.62	$	1,888		4.1
Restricted stock units		90,575		–		994		2.5		–		–		–		–

* weighted average exercise price per share

** weighted-average contractual remaining term in years

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Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Leases [Abstract]

Cash flows for operating leases

The following information represents supplemental disclosure for the statement of cash flows related to operating leases (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31, 2019
Operating cash outflows from leases	$	1,031

Operating lease weighted average remaining lease term and discount rate

The following summarizes additional information related to our leases as of December 31, 2019:

	December 31, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)		5.0
Weighted average discount rate		3.7	%

Maturity of operating lease liabilities

The maturity of the Company’s operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):

	December 31, 2019
2020	$	1,042
2021		711
2022		434
2023		268
2024		273
Thereafter		616
Total undiscounted lease payments		3,344
Less imputed interest		295
Total lease liabilities	$	3,049

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Accrued liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Accrued liabilities [Abstract]
Salaries and compensation related	$ 1,541	$ 1,817
Warranty	174	192
Professional and consulting	465	231
Other	861	525
Accrued liabilities	$ 3,041	$ 2,765

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Note receivable (Details)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Note receivable [Abstract]
Interest rate	4.50%
Allowance for loan losses	$ 0
Unamortized deferred loan fees and unearned discounts	$ 0

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Stock incentive plans, Assumptions used in option valuation calculations (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Stock Options [Member]
Assumptions used in valuation model [Abstract]
Term of award	10 years
2014 Equity Incentive Plan [Member]
Assumptions used in valuation model [Abstract]
Expected option term	6 years 9 months 18 days	6 years 9 months 18 days	6 years 9 months 18 days
Expected volatility	38.80%	38.00%	36.20%
Risk-free interest rate	2.60%	2.70%	2.10%
Dividend yield	3.50%	2.60%	4.30%
2014 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Stock Options [Member]
Assumptions used in valuation model [Abstract]
Weighted average fair value of grants (in dollars per share)	$ 3.01	$ 4.38	$ 1.95
Term of award	10 years
2014 Equity Incentive Plan [Member] | Restricted Share Units [Member]
Assumptions used in valuation model [Abstract]
Weighted average fair value of grants (in dollars per share)	$ 10.46	$ 12.91	$ 7.53

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Stock incentive plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Stock incentive plans [Abstract]

Stock incentive plans

10. Stock incentive plans

Stock incentive plans.  We currently have two primary stock incentive plans: the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, which provide for awards to executives, key employees, directors and consultants.  The plans generally provide for awards in the form of: (i) incentive stock options, (ii) non-qualified stock options, (iii) restricted stock, (iv) restricted stock units (which may include performance-based vesting), (v) stock appreciation rights or (vi) limited stock appreciation rights.  Awards granted under these plans have exercise prices equal to 100% of the fair market value of the common stock at the date of grant.  Awards granted have a ten years-year term and generally vest over a two year- to five year period, unless automatically accelerated for certain defined events.  As of May 2014, no new awards were made under the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan.  Under our 2014 Equity Incentive Plan, we are authorized to grant awards of up to 1,400,000 shares of TransAct common stock.  At December 31, 2019, 332,541 shares of common stock remained available for issuance under the 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.

Under the assumptions indicated below, the weighted-average per share fair value of stock option grants for 2019, 2018, and 2017 was $3.01, $4.38 and $1.95, respectively.  We also issued restricted stock units for certain executives and directors that vest over a specified period of time, and in some instances require achieving certain performance metrics.  The weighted-average per share fair value of these restricted stock units was $10.46, $12.91 and $7.53 in 2019, 2018 and 2017 respectively.

The table below indicates the key assumptions used in the option valuation calculations for options granted in 2019, 2018, and 2017 and a discussion of our methodology for developing each of the assumptions used in the valuation model:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Expected option term (in years)		6.8			6.8			6.8
Expected volatility		38.8	%		38.0	%		36.2	%
Risk-free interest rate		2.6	%		2.7	%		2.1	%
Dividend yield		3.5	%		2.6	%		4.3	%

Expected Option Term - This is the weighted average period of time over which the options granted are expected to remain outstanding giving consideration to our historical exercise patterns.  Options granted have a maximum term of ten years and an increase in the expected term will increase compensation expense.

Expected Volatility – The stock volatility for each grant is measured using the weighted average of historical daily price changes of our common stock over the most recent period approximately equal to the expected option term of the grant.  An increase in the expected volatility factor will increase compensation expense.

Risk-Free Interest Rate - This is the U.S. Treasury rate in effect at the time of grant having a term approximately equal to the expected term of the option.  An increase in the risk-free interest rate will increase compensation expense.

Dividend Yield –The dividend yield is calculated by dividing the annual dividend declared per common share by the weighted average market value of our common stock on the date of grant. An increase in the dividend yield will decrease compensation expense.

For 2019, 2018, and 2017, we recorded $692 thousand, $629 thousand, and $609 thousand of share-based compensation expense, respectively, included primarily in general and administrative expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income.  We also recorded income tax benefits of $152 thousand, $138 thousand, and $134 thousand in 2019, 2018, and 2017 respectively, related to such share-based compensation.  At December 31, 2019, these benefits are recorded as a deferred tax asset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Equity award activity in the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and 2014 Equity Incentive Plan is summarized below:

	Stock Options					Restricted Stock Units
	Number of Shares			Average Price*		Number of Units			Average Price**
Outstanding at December 31, 2018		1,004,293		$	9.00		98,600		$	9.82
Granted		180,675			10.31		58,050			10.44
Exercised		–			–		(45,167	)		9.16
Forfeited		(36,625	)		8.72		(20,908	)		12.12
Expired		(5,875	)		6.05		–			–
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		1,142,468		$	9.23		90,575		$	10.46

* weighted average exercise price per share

** weighted-average grant stock price per share

The following summarizes information about equity awards outstanding that are vested and expect to vest and equity awards that are exercisable at December 31, 2019:

	Equity Awards Vested and Expected to Vest								Equity Awards That Are Exercisable
	Awards		Average Price*		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Remaining Term**		Awards		Average Price*		Aggregate Intrinsic Value		Remaining Term**
Stock Options		1,142,468	$	9.23	$	2,441		5.7		730,500	$	8.62	$	1,888		4.1
Restricted stock units		90,575		–		994		2.5		–		–		–		–

* weighted average exercise price per share

** weighted-average contractual remaining term in years

Shares that are issued upon exercise of employee stock awards are newly issued shares and not issued from treasury stock.  As of December 31, 2019, unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested equity awards granted under our stock incentive plans is approximately $1.5 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years.

The total fair value of awards vested during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 was $1.6 million, $1.1 million, and $1.1 million, respectively.  The total intrinsic value (which is the amount by which the stock price exceeded the exercise price on the date of exercise) of stock options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2018, and 2017 was $280 thousand and $958 thousand, respectively.  No stock options were exercised during the year ended December 31, 2019.  Cash received from option exercises was $0.4 million and $1 million for 2018 and 2017, respectively.  We recorded a realized tax benefit in 2018 and 2017 from equity-based awards of $17 thousand and $150 thousand, respectively, related to options exercised.  Upon adoption of ASU 2016-09 in 2017 tax benefits realized on stock options exercises are included in income tax expense and are no longer included as a component of cash flows.

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Intangible assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Intangible assets [Abstract]

Intangible assets

6. Intangible assets

Identifiable intangible assets are recorded in Intangible assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and are comprised of the following:

	December 31,
	2019					2018
(In thousands)	Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Purchased technology	$	2,526	$	(1,792	)	$	2,221	$	(1,558	)
Customer relationships		1,300		(1,300	)		1,300		(1,300	)
Trademark		480		(402	)		480		(354	)
Covenant not to compete		146		(146	)		146		(146	)
Patents		56		(51	)		57		(49	)
Other		80		(80	)		80		(80	)
Total	$	4,588	$	(3,771	)	$	4,284	$	(3,487	)

Amortization expense was $284 thousand, $128 thousand and $237 thousand in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.  Amortization expense for each of the next five years ending December 31 is expected to be as follows: $237 thousand in 2020; $185 thousand in 2021; $154 thousand in 2022; $154 thousand in 2023; $87 thousand in 2024; and none thereafter.

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Accrued liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Accrued liabilities [Abstract]

Accrued liabilities

The components of accrued liabilities are:

	December 31,
(In thousands)	2019		2018
Salaries and compensation related	$	1,541	$	1,817
Warranty		174		192
Professional and consulting		465		231
Other		861		525
	$	3,041	$	2,765

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Geographic area information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Geographic area information [Abstract]

Net sales and fixed assets by geographic area

Information regarding our operations by geographic area is contained in the following table.  These amounts in the geographic area table are based on the location of the customer and asset.

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019		2018		2017
Net sales:
United States	$	35,332	$	43,518	$	48,720
International		10,416		11,069		7,591
Total	$	45,748	$	54,587	$	56,311
Fixed assets, net:
United States	$	1,326	$	1,767	$	1,548
International		918		505		621
Total	$	2,244	$	2,272	$	2,169

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Summary of significant accounting policies, Segment reporting (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019 Segment
Segment reporting [Abstract]
Number of business segments	1

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Stock incentive plans, Share-based compensation expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Share-based compensation [Abstract]
Income tax benefit from share-based compensation expense	$ 152	$ 138	$ 134
General and Administrative Expense [Member]
Share-based compensation [Abstract]
Share-based compensation expense	$ 692	$ 629	$ 609

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Retirement savings plan (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Retirement savings plan [Abstract]
Employer matching contribution percentage	50.00%
Employee's contribution percentage for match	6.00%
Amount of matching contribution	$ 305	$ 237	$ 264

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Inventories, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Inventories, net [Abstract]
Raw materials and purchased component parts	$ 7,724	$ 6,593
Work-in-process	0	29
Finished goods	4,375	6,213
Inventories, net	$ 12,099	$ 12,835

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Summary of significant accounting policies, Fixed assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fixed assets [Abstract]
Depreciation expense	$ 1.1	$ 0.9	$ 0.8
Tooling [Member]
Fixed assets [Abstract]
Estimated useful life	5 years
Machinery and Equipment [Member]
Fixed assets [Abstract]
Estimated useful life	10 years
Furniture and Office Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Fixed assets [Abstract]
Estimated useful life	5 years
Furniture and Office Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Fixed assets [Abstract]
Estimated useful life	10 years
Computer Software and Equipment [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Fixed assets [Abstract]
Estimated useful life	3 years
Computer Software and Equipment [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Fixed assets [Abstract]
Estimated useful life	7 years

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Summary of significant accounting policies, Revenue recognition - Contract balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Summary of significant accounting policies [Abstract]
Revenue recognized	$ 384
Contract liabilities [Abstract]
Customer pre-payments	232	$ 50
Deferred revenue, current	700	384
Deferred revenue, non-current	219	265
Total contract liabilities	$ 1,151	$ 699

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Summary of significant accounting policies, Engineering, design and product development (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Engineering, design and product development [Abstract]
Research and development expense	$ 4,393	$ 4,576	$ 4,303
Unamortized development costs of software	704
Amortization of capitalized software development costs	$ 186	$ 30	$ 2

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Stock repurchase program (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	10 Months Ended	12 Months Ended	22 Months Ended	180 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2019	Mar. 01, 2018
Stock repurchase program [Abstract]
Authorized value of common stock to be repurchased					$ 5,000
Common stock repurchased (in shares)				4,044,842
Value of common stock repurchased				$ 32,110
Average purchase price of common stock repurchased (in dollars per share)				$ 7.94
2018 Stock Repurchase Program [Member]
Stock repurchase program [Abstract]
Common stock repurchased (in shares)	156,410	0
Value of common stock repurchased	$ 2,000
Average purchase price of common stock repurchased (in dollars per share)	$ 12.79
2016 Stock Repurchase Program [Member]
Stock repurchase program [Abstract]
Common stock repurchased (in shares)			36,465
Value of common stock repurchased			$ 358
Average purchase price of common stock repurchased (in dollars per share)			$ 9.84

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Income taxes, Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets (Details) - Foreign Net Operating Loss Carryforwards [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Valuation allowance [Roll Forward]
Balance, beginning of period	$ 390	$ 328	$ 423
Additions charged to income tax provision	54	62	67
Reductions credited to income tax provision	0	0	(162)
Balance, end of period	$ 444	$ 390	$ 328

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Intangible assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Intangible assets [Abstract]

Identifiable intangible assets

Identifiable intangible assets are recorded in Intangible assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and are comprised of the following:

	December 31,
	2019					2018
(In thousands)	Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Purchased technology	$	2,526	$	(1,792	)	$	2,221	$	(1,558	)
Customer relationships		1,300		(1,300	)		1,300		(1,300	)
Trademark		480		(402	)		480		(354	)
Covenant not to compete		146		(146	)		146		(146	)
Patents		56		(51	)		57		(49	)
Other		80		(80	)		80		(80	)
Total	$	4,588	$	(3,771	)	$	4,284	$	(3,487	)

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	4,800,000	4,800,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	11,515,090	11,463,141
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	7,470,248	7,418,299
Treasury stock (in shares)	4,044,842	4,044,842
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	200,000	200,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 516	$ 5,426	$ 3,211
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Share-based compensation expense	692	629	609
Depreciation and amortization	1,371	997	1,081
Deferred income tax (benefit) provision	(294)	(107)	1,117
Provision for doubtful accounts	16	105	50
Foreign currency transaction losses	18	199	11
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	1,589	2,688	(405)
Inventories	796	(4,049)	834
Prepaid income taxes	577	(100)	(518)
Other current and long term assets	(333)	(161)	(137)
Accounts payable	(517)	(332)	(988)
Accrued liabilities and other liabilities	415	(186)	1,053
Net cash provided by operating activities	4,846	5,109	5,918
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(1,062)	(1,007)	(835)
Additions to capitalized software	(304)	(466)	(150)
Issuance of note receivable	(1,000)	0	0
Net cash used in investing activities	(2,366)	(1,473)	(985)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from stock option exercises	0	416	1,043
Purchases of common stock for treasury	0	(2,000)	(358)
Payment of dividends on common stock	(2,683)	(2,667)	(2,581)
Withholding taxes paid on stock issuances	(214)	(265)	(23)
Net cash used in financing activities	(2,897)	(4,516)	(1,919)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(71)	64	(10)
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(488)	(816)	3,004
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	4,691	5,507	2,503
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	4,203	4,691	5,507
Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid	30	25	30
Income taxes paid	65	1,249	2,991
Non-cash capital expenditure items	$ 17	$ 21	$ 44

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Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Summary of significant accounting policies [Abstract]

Principles of consolidation

Principles of consolidation:  The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of TransAct and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, which require consolidation, after the elimination of intercompany accounts, transactions and unrealized profit.

Use of estimates

Use of estimates:  The preparations of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of sales and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Segment reporting

Segment reporting: We apply the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 280, “Segment Reporting.”  We view our operations and manage our business as one segment: the design, development and marketing of software-driven technology and printing solutions and providing printer and terminal related software, services, supplies and spare parts.  Factors used to identify TransAct’s single operating segment include the organizational structure of the Company and the financial information available for evaluation by the chief operating decision-maker in making decisions about how to allocate resources and assess performance.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents:  We consider all highly liquid investments with a maturity date of three months or less at date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Allowance for doubtful accounts

Allowance for doubtful accounts:  We establish an allowance for doubtful accounts to ensure trade receivables are valued appropriately. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts based on a variety of factors, including the length of time receivables are past due, significant one-time events and historical experience.  We record a specific allowance for individual accounts when we become aware of a customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, such as in the case of bankruptcy filings or deterioration in the customer’s operating results or financial position.  If circumstances related to customers change, we would further adjust estimates of the recoverability of receivables.  

The following table summarizes the activity recorded in the valuation account for accounts receivable:

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018		2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	205		$	100	$	50
Additions charged to costs and expenses		39			105		50
Deductions		(23	)		-		-
Balance, end of period	$	221		$	205	$	100

Inventories

Inventories:  Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (principally standard cost, which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis) or net realizable value.  We review net realizable value based on estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business less estimated costs of completions, disposal and transportation, historical usage and estimates of future demand.  Based on these reviews, inventory write-downs are recorded, as necessary, to reflect estimated obsolescence, excess quantities and net realizable value.  

Fixed assets

Fixed assets:  Fixed assets are stated at cost.  Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives.  The estimated useful life of tooling is five years; machinery and equipment is ten years; furniture and office equipment is five years to ten years; and computer software and equipment is three years to seven years.  Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the term of the lease or the useful life of the asset.  Costs related to repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.  The costs of sold or retired assets are removed from the related asset and accumulated depreciation accounts and any gain or loss is recognized.  Depreciation expense was $1.1 million, $0.9 million and $0.8 million in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Leases

Leases:ASU 2016-02, “Leases”, which was codified in, and is referred to in this Annual Report as, ASC 842, became effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption required a modified retrospective transition approach, applying the new standard to all leases existing at the date of initial application. An entity may choose to use either (1) its effective date or (2) the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as its date of initial application. The Company has elected to adopt the standard using the effective date, January 1, 2019, as its date of initial application. Consequently, financial information for prior periods will not be updated, and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before January 1, 2019.

The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for based on existing guidance for operating leases. If risks and rewards are conveyed without the transfer of control, the lease is treated as financing. If the lessor does not convey risks and rewards or control, the lease is treated as operating.

We have elected certain practical expedients available under ASC 842 upon adoption. We have applied the practical expedient which allows prospective transition to ASC 842 on January 1, 2019. Under this transition practical expedient, we did not reassess lease classification, embedded leases or initial direct costs. We have applied the practical expedient for short-term leases. We have lease agreements that include lease and non-lease components, and we have not elected the practical expedients to combine these components for any of our leases.  The adoption of ASC 842 had no effect on our Consolidated Statement of Income or Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. Upon adoption of ASC 842, we recorded a $3.7 million right-of-use asset and a $3.9 million lease liability. The adoption of the new standard had no impact on retained earnings.

We enter into lease agreements for the use of real estate space and certain otherequipment under operating leases and we have no financing leases. We determine if an arrangement contains a lease at inception. Our leases are included in Right of use assets and Lease liabilities in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Right of use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Lease right of use assets and liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company determines its incremental borrowing rate by using the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term, an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.  Our lease right of use assets exclude lease incentives. Our leases have remaining lease terms of one year to eight years, some of which include options to extend. The majority of our leases with options to extend provide for extensions of up to five years with the ability to terminate the lease within one year. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion and our lease right of use assets and liabilities reflect only the options we are reasonably certain that we will exercise. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Goodwill and Intangible assets

Goodwill and Intangible assets: We acquire businesses in purchase transactions that result in the recognition of goodwill and intangible assets. The determination of the value of intangible assets requires management to make estimates and assumptions. In accordance with ASC 350-20 “Goodwill”, acquired goodwill is not amortized but is subject to impairment testing at least annually and when an event occurs or circumstances change, that indicate it is more likely than not an impairment exists. Factors considered that may trigger an impairment review of either acquired goodwill or intangible assets are: significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results; significant changes in the manner of use of acquired assets or the strategy for the overall business; significant negative industry or economic trends; and significant decline in market capitalization relative to net book value. Finite lived intangible assets are amortized and are tested for impairment when appropriate. We have determined that no goodwill or intangible asset impairment has occurred and the fair value of goodwill was substantially higher than our carrying value based on our assessment as of December 31, 2019 when the impairment review is performed.

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition: We account for revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We adopted ASC 606 effective January 1, 2018 and elected the modified retrospective approach.  The results for periods before 2018 were not adjusted for the new standard and there was no cumulative effect for the change in accounting at the date of adoption.  In accordance with ASC 606, a performance obligation is a promise in a contract with a customer to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer. Some of our contracts with customers contain a single performance obligation, while other contracts contain multiple performance obligations (most commonly when contracts include a hardware product, software and extended warranties).  A contract's transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied.

The transaction price is determined based on the consideration to which the Company will be entitled in exchange for transferring services to the customer.  To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, such as price protection, reserves for returns and other allowances, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing either the “expected value” method or the “most likely amount” method depending on the nature of the variable consideration.  Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur.

For a majority of our revenue, which consists of printers, terminals, consumables, and replacement parts, the Company recognizes revenue as of a point of time.  The transaction price is recognized upon shipment of the order when control of the goods is transferred to the customer and at the time the performance obligation is fulfilled.  We also sell a software solution in our casino and gaming market, EPICENTRAL™, that enables casino operators to create promotional coupons and marketing messages and to print them in real-time at the slot machine.  EPICENTRAL^TM is primarily comprised of both a software component, which is licensed to the customer, and a hardware component.  EPICENTRAL™ software and hardware are integrated to deliver the system's full functionality.  The transaction prices from EPICENTRAL™ software license and hardware are recognized upon installation and formal acceptance by the customer when control of the license is transferred to the customer.  For out-of-warranty repairs, the transaction price is recognized after the repair work is completed and the printer or terminal is returned to the customer, as control of the product is transferred to the customer and our performance obligation is completed.

Performance obligations are satisfied over time if the customer receives the benefits as we perform work, if the customer controls the asset as it is being produced, or if the product being produced for the customer has no alternative use and we have a contractual right to payment.  For our separately priced extended warranty, BOHA! cloud-based software applications, technical support for our food service technology terminals and maintenance agreements (including free one-year maintenance received by customers upon completion of EPICENTRAL™ installation) revenue is recognized over time as the customer receives the benefit.  The transaction price from the maintenance services is recognized ratably over time, using output methods, as control of the services is transferred to the customer.  Our cloud-based BOHA! software allows customers to use hosted software over the contract period without taking possession of the software and are provided on a subscription basis and is recognized ratably over the contract period.  For extended warranties, the transaction price is recognized ratably over the warranty period, using output methods, as control of the services is transferred to the customer.

When there is more than one performance obligation in a customer arrangement, the Company typically uses the “standalone selling price” method to determine the transaction price to allocate to each performance obligation. The Company sells the performance obligations separately and has established standalone selling prices for its products and services. In the case of an overall price discount, the discount is applied to each performance obligation proportionately based on standalone selling price. To determine the standalone selling price for initial EPICENTRAL™ installations, the Company uses the adjusted market assessment approach.

For contracts with terms of less than 12 months, the Company expenses sales commissions as they are incurred, since the expected amortization period of the cost to obtain a contract is less than 12 months.  Prior to the adoption of ASC 606 in 2018, cost to obtain a contract were expensed as incurred regardless of the length of contract.

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table disaggregates our revenue by market-type, as we believe it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of our revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.  Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenues.

	Year Ended December 31, 2019
	United States		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Food Service Technology	$	5,522	$	582	$	6,104
POS Automation and Banking		5,714		44		5,758
Casino and Gaming		13,076		8,453		21,529
Lottery		1,290		1		1,291
Printrex		961		205		1,166
TransAct Services Group		8,769		1,131		9,900
Total net sales	$	35,332	$	10,416	$	45,748

	Year Ended December 31, 2018
	United States		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Food Service Technology	$	4,640	$	446	$	5,086
POS Automation and Banking		7,122		151		7,273
Casino and Gaming		17,518		9,075		26,593
Lottery		3,046		47		3,093
Printrex		1,028		269		1,297
TransAct Services Group		10,164		1,081		11,245
Total net sales	$	43,518	$	11,069	$	54,587

	Year Ended December 31, 2017
	United States		International		Total
	(In thousands)
Food Service Technology	$	4,488	$	374	$	4,862
POS Automation and Banking		7,596		309		7,905
Casino and Gaming		13,608		5,007		18,615
Lottery		8,626		1,179		9,805
Printrex		849		203		1,052
TransAct Services Group		13,553		519		14,072
Total net sales	$	48,720	$	7,591	$	56,311

Contract balances

Our contract liabilities consist of customer pre-payments and deferred revenue.  Customer prepayments are reported as “Accrued Liabilities” in current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and represent customer payments made in advance of performance obligations in instances where credit has not been extended and is recognized as revenue when the performance obligation is complete.  Deferred revenue is reported separately in current liabilities and non-current liabilities and consists of our extended warranty contracts, technical support for our food service technology terminals, EPICENTRAL™ maintenance contracts and testing service contracts and prepaid software subscriptions for our BOHA! software applications, and is recognized as revenue as (or when) we perform under the contract.  The increase in current and non-current deferred revenue is primarily due to the sale of BOHA! software subscriptions, extended warranties and technical support for our food service technology terminals.  We do not have any contract asset balances as of December 31, 2019 or 2018.  During the year ended December 31, 2019, we recognized revenue of $0.4 million related to our contract liabilities as of December 31, 2018.  Total contract liabilities consist of the following:

	December 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
	(In thousands)
Customer pre-payments	$	232	$	50
Deferred revenue, current		700		384
Deferred revenue, non-current		219		265
Total contract liabilities	$	1,151	$	699

Remaining performance obligations

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm orders for which a good or service has not been delivered to our customer.  As of December 31, 2019, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $5.8 million.  The Company expects to recognize revenue on $5.5 million of our remaining performance obligations within the next 12 months, $0.2 million within the next 24 months and the balance of these remaining performance obligations recognized within the next 36 months.

Concentration of credit risk

Concentration of credit risk:  Financial instruments that potentially expose us to concentrations of credit risk are limited to cash and cash equivalents held by our banks in excess of insured limits and accounts receivable.

Accounts receivable from customers representing 10% or more of total accounts receivable were as follows:

	December 31,
	2019			2018
International Gaming Technology ("IGT")		15	%		21	%
Bally Technologies		10	%		6	%

Sales to customers representing 10% or more of total net sales were as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
IGT		14	%		18	%		35	%

Warranty

Warranty:  We generally warrant our products for up to 24 months and record the estimated cost of such product warranties at the time the sale is recorded.  Estimated warranty costs are based upon actual past experience of product repairs and the related estimated cost of labor and material to make the necessary repairs.

The following table summarizes the activity recorded in the accrued product warranty liability:

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Balance, beginning of period	$	273		$	267		$	267
Warranties issued		181			269			259
Warranty settlements		(239	)		(263	)		(259	)
Balance, end of period	$	215		$	273		$	267

$174 thousand and $192 thousand of the accrued product warranty liability were classified as current in Accrued liabilities at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.  The remaining $41 thousand and $81 thousand of the accrued product warranty liability as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, is classified as long-term in Other liabilities.

Engineering, design and product development

Engineering, design and product development:  Engineering, design and product development expenses include expenses incurred in connection with specialized engineering and design to introduce new products and to customize existing products, and are expensed as a component of operating expenses as incurred.  We recorded $4.4 million, $4.6 million and $4.3 million of research and development expenses in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Costs incurred in the engineering, design and product development of a computer software product are charged to expense until technological feasibility has been established, at which point all material software costs are capitalized within Intangible assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheet until the product is available for general release to customers.  While judgment is required in determining when technological feasibility of a product is established, we have determined that it is reached after all high-risk development issues have been documented in a formal detailed plan design.  The amortization of these costs have been included in cost of sales over the estimated life of the product.  During 2019 and 2018, we contracted several third-parties to develop software for our food service technology products.  Unamortized development costs for such software were $704 thousand as of December 31, 2019.  The total amount charged to cost of sales for capitalized software development costs was $186 thousand, $30 thousand and $2 thousand in 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively.

Advertising

Advertising:  Advertising costs are expensed as incurred.  Advertising expenses, which are included in selling and marketing expense on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income, for 2019, 2018, and 2017 totaled $1.4 million, $1.0 million and $1.0 million, respectively. These expenses include items such as consulting and professional services, tradeshows, and print advertising.

Income taxes

Income taxes:  The income tax amounts reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are accounted for under the liability method in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”).  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.  We assess the likelihood that net deferred tax assets will be realized from future taxable income, and to the extent that we believe that realization is not likely, we establish a valuation allowance.  In accordance with ASC 740, we identified, evaluated and measured the amount of benefits to be recognized for our tax return positions.  See Note 10 for information regarding our accounting for income taxes and additional provision items recorded in regard to the Tax Cuts and Job Act.

Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency translation:  The financial position and results of operations of our foreign subsidiary in the UK are measured using local currency as the functional currency.  Assets and liabilities of such subsidiary have been translated into U.S. dollars at the year-end exchange rate, related sales and expenses have been translated at the exchange rate as of the date the transaction was recognized, and shareholders’ equity has been translated at historical exchange rates.  The resulting translation gains or losses, net of tax, are recorded in shareholders’ equity as a cumulative translation adjustment, which is a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.  Foreign currency transaction gains and losses, including those related to intercompany balances, are recognized in Other, net on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Share-based payments

Share-based payments:At December 31, 2019, we have share-based employee compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 9 - Stock incentive plans.  We account for those plans under the recognition and measurement principles of ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”).  Share-based compensation expense is measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period. 

We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to calculate the fair value of share based awards.  The key assumptions for this valuation method include the expected term of the option, stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, market price of our underlying stock and exercise price.  Many of these assumptions are judgmental and highly sensitive in the determination of compensation expense.  Beginning in the first quarter of 2017, we recognize forfeitures as they occur.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, "Compensation-Stock Compensation: Scope of modification accounting".  ASU 2017-09 provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in ASC 718.  ASU No. 2017-09 was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017.  The amendments are applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date.  We adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2018 and the adoption did not result in a change to our financial statements.

Net income and loss per share

Net income and loss per share:  We report net income or loss per share in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings per Share (EPS).” Under this guidance, basic EPS, which excludes dilution, is computed by dividing income or loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period.  Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock.  Diluted EPS includes in-the-money stock options using the treasury stock method.  During a loss period, the assumed exercise of in-the-money stock options has an anti-dilutive effect, and therefore, these instruments are excluded from the computation of dilutive EPS.  See Note 11 - Earnings per share.

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Geographic area information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

Geographic area information [Abstract]

Geographic area information

14. Geographic area information

Information regarding our operations by geographic area is contained in the following table.  These amounts in the geographic area table are based on the location of the customer and asset.

	Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2019		2018		2017
Net sales:
United States	$	35,332	$	43,518	$	48,720
International		10,416		11,069		7,591
Total	$	45,748	$	54,587	$	56,311
Fixed assets, net:
United States	$	1,326	$	1,767	$	1,548
International		918		505		621
Total	$	2,244	$	2,272	$	2,169

Sales to international customers were 23%, 20%, and 14% of total sales in 2019, 2018, and 2017 respectively.  Sales to Europe represented 44%, 56%, and 44%, sales to the Pacific Rim (which includes Australia and Asia) represented 46%, 36%, and 32%, and sales to Canada represented 8%, 6%, and 18% of total international sales in 2019, 2018, and 2017 respectively.  International long-lived assets consist of net fixed assets located at our foreign subsidiary in the UK as well as our contract manufacturers in China, Thailand, Malaysia and Mexico.