PRENEED TRUST INVESTMENTS

Preneed Cemetery Trust Investments

Preneed cemetery trust investments represent trust fund assets that we are generally permitted to withdraw as the services and merchandise are provided to customers. Preneed cemetery contracts are secured by payments from customers, less amounts not required by law to be deposited into trust. Preneed cemetery trust investments are reduced by the trust earnings we have been allowed to withdraw in certain states prior to our performance.

The components of Preneed cemetery trust investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):



	December 31, 2015			December 31, 2016
Preneed cemetery trust investments, at market value	$	65,486		$	71,834
Less: allowance for contract cancellation	(2,195		)	(2,138		)
Preneed cemetery trust investments, net	$	63,291		$	69,696

Upon cancellation of a preneed cemetery contract, a customer is generally entitled to receive a refund of the corpus, and in some cases, some or all of the earnings held in trust. In certain jurisdictions, we may be obligated to fund any shortfall if the amounts deposited by the customer exceed the funds in trust, including some or all investment income. As a result, when realized or unrealized losses of a trust result in the trust being under-funded, we assess whether we are responsible for replenishing the corpus of the trust, in which case a loss provision is recorded. At December 31, 2016, none of our preneed cemetery trust investments were under-funded.

Earnings from our preneed cemetery trust investments are recognized in revenue when a service is performed or merchandise is delivered. Trust management fees charged by CSV RIA are included as revenue in the period in which they are earned.

Where quoted prices are available in an active market, investments held by the trusts are classified as Level 1 investments pursuant to the three-level valuation hierarchy. Our Level 1 investments include cash and common stock. Where quoted market prices are not available for the specific security, fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of similar securities in active markets or other inputs other than quoted prices that can corroborate observable market data. These investments are fixed income securities including municipal bonds, foreign debt, corporate debt, preferred stock, mortgage-backed securities and fixed income mutual funds, all of which are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. We review and update our fair value hierarchy classifications quarterly. There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 in the year ended December 31, 2016. There are no Level 3 investments in the preneed cemetery trust investment portfolio. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further information of the fair value measurement and the three-level valuation hierarchy.

The cost and fair market values associated with preneed cemetery trust investments at December 31, 2016 are detailed below (in thousands):



	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value
Cash and money market accounts	1	$	10,852	$	—	$	—		$	10,852
Fixed income securities:
Municipal bonds	2	496		18		(4		)	$	510
Foreign debt	2	7,574		160		(656		)	7,078
Corporate debt	2	20,621		1,569		(1,123		)	21,067
Preferred stock	2	16,287		8		(947		)	15,348
Mortgage-backed securities	2	949		372		(4		)	1,317
Common stock	1	13,250		2,191		(1,838		)	13,603
Mutual funds:
Fixed income	2	$	1,223	107		—			$	1,330
Trust securities		$	71,252	$	4,425	$	(4,572	)	$	71,105
Accrued investment income		$	729						$	729
Preneed cemetery trust investments									$	71,834
Market value as a percentage of cost									99.8		%

The estimated maturities of the fixed income securities included above are as follows (in thousands):



Due in one year or less	$	198
Due in one to five years	6,729
Due in five to ten years	5,813
Thereafter	32,580
Total fixed income securities	$	45,320

The cost and market values associated with preneed cemetery trust investments at December 31, 2015 are detailed below (in thousands):



	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value
Cash and money market accounts	1	$	8,296	$	—	$	—		$	8,296
Fixed income securities:
Municipal bonds	2	458		—		(63		)	$	395
Foreign debt	2	4,803		—		(695		)	4,108
Corporate debt	2	22,968		85		(4,279		)	18,774
Preferred stock	2	16,236		29		(885		)	15,380
Mortgage-backed securities	2	—		—		—			—
Common stock	1	20,387		682		(3,161		)	17,908
Trust securities		$	73,148	$	796	$	(9,083	)	$	64,861
Accrued investment income		$	625						$	625
Preneed cemetery trust investments									$	65,486
Market value as a percentage of cost									88.7		%

We determine whether or not the assets in the preneed cemetery trust investments have an other-than-temporary impairment on a security-by-security basis. This assessment is made based upon a number of criteria including the length of time a security has been in a loss position, changes in market conditions and concerns related to the specific issuer. If a loss is considered to be other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the security is adjusted downward to its fair market value. Any reduction in the cost basis of the investment due to an other-than-temporary impairment is likewise recorded as a reduction in Deferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trust on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, we recorded a $0.7 million and $0.9 million impairment for other-than-temporary declines in fair value related to unrealized losses on certain investments, respectively. There is no impact on earnings until such time that the loss is realized in the trusts, allocated to the preneed contracts and the services are performed or the merchandise is delivered causing the contract to be withdrawn from the trust in accordance with state regulations.

At December 31, 2016, we had certain investments within our preneed cemetery trust investments that had tax lots in loss positions for more than one year. Based on our analyses of these securities, the companies’ businesses and current market conditions, we determined that these investment losses were temporary in nature.

Our cemetery merchandise and service trust investment unrealized losses, their associated fair market values, and the duration of unrealized losses as of December 31, 2016 are shown in the following tables (in thousands):



	December 31, 2016
	In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total
	Fair market value		Unrealized Losses			Fair market value		Unrealized Losses			Fair market value		Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
Municipal bonds	$	228	$	(4	)	$	—	$	—		$	228	$	(4	)
Foreign debt	2,523		(180		)	2,868		(475		)	5,391		(655		)
Corporate debt	6,939		(233		)	2,168		(890		)	9,107		(1,123		)
Preferred stock	3,217		(121		)	11,635		(826		)	14,852		(947		)
Mortgage-backed securities	51		(5		)	—		—			51		(5		)
Common stock	2,608		(202		)	3,385		(1,636		)	5,993		(1,838		)
Total temporary impaired securities	$	15,566	$	(745	)	$	20,056	$	(3,827	)	$	35,622	$	(4,572	)

Our cemetery merchandise and service trust investment unrealized losses, their associated fair market values, and the duration of unrealized losses as of December 31, 2015 are shown in the following tables (in thousands):



	December 31, 2015
	In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total
	Fair market value		Unrealized Losses			Fair market value		Unrealized Losses			Fair market value		Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
Municipal bonds	$	395	$	(63	)	$	—	$	—		$	395	$	(63	)
Foreign debt	3,680		(384		)	406		(312		)	4,086		(696		)
Corporate debt	14,468		(2,992		)	3,056		(1,287		)	17,524		(4,279		)
Preferred stock	10,285		(436		)	5,168		(448		)	15,453		(884		)
Common stock	12,029		(1,989		)	3,564		(1,172		)	15,593		(3,161		)
Total temporary impaired securities	$	40,857	$	(5,864	)	$	12,194	$	(3,219	)	$	53,051	$	(9,083	)

Preneed cemetery trust investment security transactions recorded in Interest expense on our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):



	Year ended December 31,
	2014			2015			2016
Investment income	$	2,840		$	2,562		$	2,250
Realized gains	5,712			2,952			2,141
Realized losses	(2,789		)	(3,671		)	(6,559		)
Expenses and taxes	(1,716		)	(1,790		)	(1,266		)
Decrease (increase) in deferred preneed cemetery receipts held in trust	(4,047		)	(53		)	3,434
	$	—		$	—		$	—

Purchases and sales of investments in the preneed cemetery trusts for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):



	Year ended December 31,
	2014			2015			2016
Purchases	$	(53,443	)	$	(26,757	)	$	(25,643	)
Sales	58,022			23,141			25,846

Preneed Funeral Trust Investments

Preneed funeral trust investments represent trust fund assets that we are permitted to withdraw as services and merchandise are provided to customers. Preneed funeral contracts are secured by payments from customers, less amounts not required by law to be deposited into trust. Preneed funeral trust investments are reduced by the trust earnings we have been allowed to withdraw in certain states prior to our performance.

The components of Preneed funeral trust investments on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):



	December 31, 2015			December 31, 2016
Preneed funeral trust investments, at market value	$	88,444		$	91,980
Less: allowance for contract cancellation	(2,891		)	(2,740		)
Preneed funeral trust investments, net	$	85,553		$	89,240

Upon cancellation of a preneed funeral contract, a customer is generally entitled to receive a refund of the corpus and some or all of the earnings held in trust. In certain jurisdictions, we may be obligated to fund any shortfall if the amounts deposited by the customer exceed the funds in trust, including some or all investment income. As a result, when realized or unrealized losses of a trust result in the trust being under-funded, we assess whether we are responsible for replenishing the corpus of the trust, in which case a loss provision is recorded. At December 31, 2016, none of our preneed funeral trust investments were under-funded.

Earnings from our preneed funeral trust investments are recognized in revenue when a service is performed or merchandise is delivered. Trust management fees charged by CSV RIA are included in revenue in the period in which they are earned.

Where quoted prices are available in an active market, investments held by the trusts are classified as Level 1 investments pursuant to the three-level valuation hierarchy. Our Level 1 investments include cash, U.S. treasury debt and common stock. Where quoted market prices are not available for the specific security, then fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of similar securities in active markets or other inputs other than quoted prices that can corroborate observable market data. These investments are fixed income securities including U.S. treasury debt, municipal bonds, foreign debt, corporate debt, preferred stocks, mortgage-backed securities and fixed income mutual funds and other investments, all of which are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. We review and update our fair value hierarchy classifications quarterly. There were no other transfers between Levels 1 and 2 for the year ended December 31, 2016. There are no Level 3 investments in the preneed funeral trust investment portfolio. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for further information of the fair value measurement and the three-level valuation hierarchy.

The cost and fair market values associated with preneed funeral trust investments at December 31, 2016 are detailed below (in thousands):



	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value
Cash and money market accounts	1	$	22,787	$	—	$	—		$	22,787
Fixed income securities:
U.S. treasury debt	1	1,491		21		(10		)	1,502
Municipal bonds	2	447		17		(4		)	460
Foreign debt	2	7,692		170		(677		)	7,185
Corporate debt	2	21,454		1,566		(1,134		)	21,886
Preferred stock	2	17,037		64		(970		)	16,131
Mortgage-backed securities	2	1,165		400		(5		)	1,560
Common stock	1	13,675		2,256		(1,850		)	14,081
Mutual funds:
Fixed income	2	2,124		115		(66		)	2,173
Other investments	2	3,463		—		—			3,463
Trust securities		$	91,335	$	4,609	$	(4,716	)	$	91,228
Accrued investment income		$	752						$	752
Preneed funeral trust investments									$	91,980
Market value as a percentage of cost									99.9		%

The estimated maturities of the fixed income securities included above are as follows (in thousands):



Due in one year or less	$	212
Due in one to five years	8,105
Due in five to ten years	6,276
Thereafter	34,131
Total fixed income securities	$	48,724

The cost and market values associated with preneed funeral trust investments at December 31, 2015 are detailed below (in thousands):



	Fair Value Hierarchy Level	Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value
Cash and money market accounts	1	$	21,458	$	—	$	—		$	21,458
Fixed income securities:
U.S. treasury debt	1	1,492		24		(12		)	1,504
Municipal bonds	2	478		—		(66		)	412
Foreign debt	2	4,938		—		(711		)	4,227
Corporate debt	2	24,787		133		(4,711		)	20,209
Preferred stock	2	17,496		158		(914		)	16,740
Mortgage-backed securities	2	273		4		(4		)	273
Common stock	1	20,864		738		(3,114		)	18,488
Mutual funds:
Fixed income	2	959		—		(82		)	877
Other investments	2	3,598		—		(30		)	3,568
Trust securities		$	96,343	$	1,057	$	(9,644	)	$	87,756
Accrued investment income		$	688						$	688
Preneed funeral trust investments									$	88,444
Market value as a percentage of cost									91.1		%

We determine whether or not the assets in the preneed funeral trust investments have other-than-temporary impairments on a security-by-security basis. This assessment is made based upon a number of criteria including the length of time a security has been in a loss position, changes in market conditions and concerns related to the specific issuer. If a loss is considered to be other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the security is adjusted downward to its fair market value. Any reduction in the cost basis of the investment due to an other-than-temporary impairment is likewise recorded as a reduction to Deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trust on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2016, we recorded a $0.6 million and $0.9 million impairment for other-than-temporary declines in fair value related to unrealized losses on certain investments, respectively. There is no impact on earnings until such time that the loss is realized in the trusts, allocated to preneed contracts and the services are performed or the merchandise is delivered causing the contract to be withdrawn from the trust in accordance with state regulations.

At December 31, 2016, we had certain investments within our preneed funeral trust investments that had tax lots in loss positions for more than one year. Based on our analyses of these securities, the companies’ businesses and current market conditions, we determined that these investment losses were temporary in nature.

Our preneed funeral trust investment unrealized losses, their associated fair market values, and the duration of unrealized losses as of December 31, 2016 are shown the the following tables (in thousands):



	December 31, 2016
	In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total
	Fair market value		Unrealized Losses			Fair market value		Unrealized Losses			Fair market value		Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
U.S. debt	$	834	$	(10	)	$	—	$	—		$	834	$	(10	)
Municipal bonds	244		(5		)	—		—			244		(5		)
Foreign debt	2,654		(186		)	2,905		(490		)	5,559		(676		)
Corporate debt	6,977		(215		)	2,234		(919		)	9,211		(1,134		)
Preferred stock	3,420		(128		)	11,750		(842		)	15,170		(970		)
Mortgage-backed securities	55		(5		)	11		(1		)	66		(6		)
Mutual funds:
Equity	2,795		(216		)	3,390		(1,634		)	6,185		(1,850		)
Equity and other	—		—			—		—			—		—
Fixed income	97		(7		)	644		(58		)	741		(65		)
Other investments	—		—			—		—			—		—
Total temporary impaired securities	$	17,076	$	(772	)	$	20,934	$	(3,944	)	$	38,010	$	(4,716	)

Our preneed funeral trust investment unrealized losses, their associated fair market values, and the duration of unrealized losses as of December 31, 2015 are shown the the following tables (in thousands):



	December 31, 2015
	In Loss Position Less than 12 months					In Loss Position Greater than 12 months					Total
	Fair market value		Unrealized Losses			Fair market value		Unrealized Losses			Fair market value		Unrealized Losses
Fixed income securities:
U.S. debt	$	—	$	—		$	1,504	$	(12	)	$	1,504	$	(12	)
Municipal bonds	413		(66		)	—		—			413		(66		)
Foreign debt	3,763		(392		)	416		(319		)	4,179		(711		)
Corporate debt	15,929		(3,294		)	3,364		(1,417		)	19,293		(4,711		)
Preferred stock	10,623		(451		)	5,338		(463		)	15,961		(914		)
Mortgage-backed securities	—		—			272		(4		)	272		(4		)
Mutual funds:
Equity	11,848		(1,959		)	3,510		(1,154		)	15,358		(3,113		)
Fixed income	1		—			876		(82		)	877		(82		)
Other investments	—		—			42		(31		)	42		(31		)
Total temporary impaired securities	$	42,577	$	(6,162	)	$	15,322	$	(3,482	)	$	57,899	$	(9,644	)

Preneed funeral trust investment security transactions recorded in Interest expense on our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):



	Year ended December 31,
	2014			2015			2016
Investment income	$	3,065		$	2,819		$	2,344
Realized gains	7,184			3,931			2,287
Realized losses	(2,313		)	(3,979		)	(6,642		)
Expenses and taxes	(1,470		)	(988		)	(1,174		)
Decrease (increase) in deferred preneed funeral receipts held in trust	(6,466		)	(1,783		)	3,185
	$	—		$	—		$	—

Purchases and sales of investments in the preneed funeral trusts for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):



	Year ended December 31,
	2014			2015			2016
Purchases	$	(57,297	)	$	(26,021	)	$	(26,457	)
Sales	60,352			42,582			27,425