Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

3 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2021

Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Abstract]

Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses

LOANS RECEIVABLE AND ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES    The loans receivable portfolio is segmented into one-to-four family, multifamily, commercial real estate, business (including Small Business Administration loans), and consumer loans.

    The allowance for loan and lease losses ("ALLL") reflects management’s judgment in the evaluation of probable loan losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. Management uses a disciplined process and methodology to calculate the ALLL each quarter. To determine the total ALLL, management estimates the reserves needed for each segment of the loan portfolio, including loans analyzed individually and loans analyzed on a pooled basis.

    The general valuation allowance applied to those pooled loans not deemed to be impaired is determined using a three step process:

•Trends of historical losses where the net charge-offs on each category are reviewed over a 20 quarter look back period.

•Assessment of several qualitative factors which are adjusted to reflect changes in the current environment.

•Loss Emergence Period reserve "LEP" which takes into account that borrowers have the potential to have suffered some form of loss-causing event or circumstance but that the lender may be unaware of the event.

During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we changed the impact rating of the economic factors (related to unemployment and inflation rate) and collateral factors from moderate to high across all loan categories. Additionally, the factors related to problem loans (including delinquency and credit quality) in the Commercial Real Estate category were increased from moderate to high. These changes were made as a response to the ongoing and expected stressed economic environment resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. During fiscal year 2021, we increased our qualitative factors due to the ongoing pandemic. These increases in reserves were offset by decreases in our quantitative reserve analysis as the rolling 20 quarter historical loss look back period has improved for most of our loan categories.

The ALLL is sensitive to risk ratings assigned to individually evaluated loans and economic assumptions and delinquency trends. Individual loan risk ratings are evaluated based on the specific facts related to that loan. Additions to the ALLL are made by charges to the provision for loan losses. Credit exposures deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the ALLL, while recoveries of previously charged off amounts are credited to the ALLL.

    The following is a summary of loans receivable at June 30, 2021 and March 31, 2021:

	June 30, 2021				March 31, 2021
$ in thousands	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
Gross loans receivable:
One-to-four family	$	74,090	15.2	%	$	76,313	15.9	%
Multifamily	102,131		21.0	%	103,584		21.6	%
Commercial real estate	148,591		30.6	%	150,114		31.2	%
Business (1)	159,360		32.8	%	148,020		30.8	%
Consumer (2)	2,174		0.4	%	2,439		0.5	%
Total loans receivable	$	486,346	100.0	%	$	480,470	100.0	%
Unamortized premiums, deferred costs and fees, net	1,984				3,079
Allowance for loan losses	(5,214)				(5,140)
Total loans receivable, net	$	483,116			$	478,409

(1) Includes PPP loans and business overdrafts

(2) Includes personal loans and consumer overdrafts

The Bank is participating as a lender in the PPP, which opened on April 3, 2020. As part of the CARES Act, the SBA is authorized to temporarily guarantee loans under this new 7(a) loan program. Under the PPP, small businesses and other entities and individuals can apply for loans from existing SBA lenders and other approved regulated lenders that enroll in the program, subject to numerous limitations and eligibility criteria. Since the PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA, there are no additional ALLL reserves required. As of June 30, 2021, the Bank had approved and funded approximately 419 applications totaling $56.4 million of loans under the PPP. The Bank has begun to receive debt forgiveness payments on PPP loans closed during the first round of the program.

Consistent with regulatory guidance and the provisions of the CARES Act, loans less than 30 days past due at December 31, 2019 that were granted COVID-19 related payment deferrals will continue to be considered current and not be reported as TDRs. As of June 30, 2021, the Bank had received 77 applications for payment deferrals on approximately $77.7 million of loans. This total included 57 commercial loans totaling $71.3 million and 20 residential loans totaling $6.4 million. As of June 30, 2021, there were 11 residential loans remaining on deferment with outstanding principal balances

totaling $6.6 million. The Bank has been working with the borrowers to determine if there is a risk of any losses associated with repayment and if any additional reserves would have to be allocated to this portfolio.

    The following is an analysis of the allowance for loan losses based upon the method of evaluating loan impairment for the three month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2021.

Three months ended June 30, 2021
$ in thousands	One-to-four family		Multifamily		Commercial Real Estate		Business		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning Balance	$	1,058	$	880	$	907	$	1,855	$	165	$	275	$	5,140
Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		(55)		—		(55)
Recoveries	—		—		—		49		8		—		57
Provision for (recovery of) Loan Losses	28		(54)		(37)		200		26		(91)		72
Ending Balance	$	1,086	$	826	$	870	$	2,104	$	144	$	184	$	5,214
Allowance for Loan Losses Ending Balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	1,055	$	826	$	870	$	1,992	$	144	$	184	$	5,071
Allowance for Loan Losses Ending Balance: individually evaluated for impairment	31		—		—		112		—		—		143
Loan Receivables Ending Balance:	$	75,122	$	102,914	$	149,622	$	158,492	$	2,180	$	—	$	488,330
Ending Balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	71,313		102,029		149,430		150,870		2,180		—		475,822
Ending Balance: individually evaluated for impairment	3,809		885		192		7,622		—		—		12,508

At March 31, 2021
$ in thousands	One-to-four family		Multifamily		Commercial Real Estate		Business		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Allowance for Loan Losses Ending Balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	$	1,026	$	880	$	907	$	1,729	$	165	$	275	$	4,982
Allowance for Loan Losses Ending Balance: individually evaluated for impairment	32		—		—		126		—		—		158
Loan Receivables Ending Balance:	$	78,213	$	106,400	$	148,809	$	147,680	$	2,447	$	—	$	483,549
Ending Balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	74,387		106,031		147,891		139,925		2,447		—		470,681
Ending Balance: individually evaluated for impairment	3,826		369		918		7,755		—		—		12,868

Three months ended June 30, 2020
$ in thousands	One-to-four family		Multifamily		Commercial Real Estate		Business		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning Balance	$	1,055	$	1,011	$	812	$	1,567	$	212	$	289	$	4,946
Charge-offs	—		—		—		(10)		—		—		(10)
Recoveries	—		—		—		—		2		—		2
Provision for (recovery of) Loan Losses	(83)		(100)		143		(46)		(12)		(4)		(102)
Ending Balance	$	972	$	911	$	955	$	1,511	$	202	$	285	$	4,836

The following is a summary of nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2021 and March 31, 2021.

$ in thousands	June 30, 2021		March 31, 2021
Gross loans receivable:
One-to-four family	$	3,511	$	3,524
Multifamily	885		369
Commercial real estate	192		918
Business	2,211		2,290
Consumer	—		90
Total nonaccrual loans	$	6,799	$	7,191

    Nonaccrual loans generally consist of loans for which the accrual of interest has been discontinued as a result of such loans becoming 90 days or more delinquent as to principal and/or interest payments.  Interest income on nonaccrual loans is recorded when received based upon the collectability of the loan. Troubled debt restructured ("TDR") loans consist of modified loans where borrowers have been granted concessions in regards to the terms of their loans due to financial or other difficulties, which rendered them unable to repay their loans under the original contractual terms.

    At June 30, 2021 and March 31, 2021, other non-performing assets totaled $60 thousand which consisted of other real estate owned comprised of one foreclosed residential property. Other real estate loans is included in other assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition. There were no held-for-sale loans at June 30, 2021 and March 31, 2021.

    Although we believe that substantially all risk elements at June 30, 2021 have been disclosed, it is possible that for a variety of reasons, including economic conditions, certain borrowers may be unable to comply with the contractual repayment terms on certain real estate and commercial loans.

    The Bank utilizes an internal loan classification system as a means of reporting problem loans within its loan categories. Loans may be classified as “Pass,” “Special Mention,” “Substandard,” “Doubtful,” and “Loss.” Loans rated Pass have demonstrated satisfactory asset quality, earning history, liquidity, and other adequate margins of creditor protection. They represent a moderate credit risk and some degree of financial stability. Loans are considered collectible in full, but perhaps require greater than average amount of loan officer attention. Borrowers are capable of absorbing normal setbacks without failure. Loans rated Special Mention have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Bank's credit position at some future date. Loans rated Substandard are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loans rated Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans classified as Loss are those considered uncollectible with insignificant value and are charged off immediately to the allowance for loan losses.

    One-to-four family residential loans and consumer and other loans are rated non-performing if they are delinquent in payments ninety or more days, a troubled debt restructuring with less than six months contractual performance or past maturity. All other one-to-four family residential loans and consumer and other loans are performing loans.

    At June 30, 2021, and based on the most recent analysis performed in the current quarter, the risk category by class of loans is as follows:

$ in thousands	Multifamily		Commercial Real Estate		Business
Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade:
Pass	$	96,418	$	141,098	$	142,288
Special Mention	—		5,494		6,040
Substandard	6,496		3,030		10,164
Total	$	102,914	$	149,622	$	158,492
			One-to-four family		Consumer
Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity:
Performing			$	71,611	$	2,180
Non-Performing			3,511		—
Total			$	75,122	$	2,180

    At March 31, 2021, the risk category by class of loans was as follows:

$ in thousands	Multifamily		Commercial Real Estate		Business
Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade:
Pass	$	101,212	$	142,168	$	137,447
Special Mention	—		5,531		1,585
Substandard	5,188		1,110		8,648
Total	$	106,400	$	148,809	$	147,680
			One-to-four family		Consumer
Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity:
Performing			$	74,689	$	2,356
Non-Performing			3,524		91
Total			$	78,213	$	2,447

    The following table presents an aging analysis of the recorded investment of past due loans receivables at June 30, 2021 and March 31, 2021.

.

June 30, 2021
$ in thousands	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 or More Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans Receivables
One-to-four family	$	3,478	$	—	$	2,944	$	6,422	$	68,700	$	75,122
Multifamily	—		462		517		979		101,935		102,914
Commercial real estate	2,698		1,199		—		3,897		145,725		149,622
Business	2,618		400		1,096		4,114		154,378		158,492
Consumer	93		—		—		93		2,087		2,180
Total	$	8,887	$	2,061	$	4,557	$	15,505	$	472,825	$	488,330

March 31, 2021
$ in thousands	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 or More Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans Receivables
One-to-four family	$	1,188	$	—	$	2,950	$	4,138	$	74,075	$	78,213
Multifamily	798		—		—		798		105,602		106,400
Commercial real estate	5,263		—		—		5,263		143,546		148,809
Business	671		400		271		1,342		146,338		147,680
Consumer	2		33		91		126		2,321		2,447
Total	$	7,922	$	433	$	3,312	$	11,667	$	471,882	$	483,549

    The following table presents information on impaired loans with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, at June 30, 2021 and March 31, 2021.

	At June 30, 2021						At March 31, 2021
$ in thousands	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Associated Allowance		Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Associated Allowance
With no specific allowance recorded:
One-to-four family	$	3,734	$	4,393	$	—	$	3,750	$	4,409	$	—
Multifamily	885		885		—		369		369		—
Commercial real estate	192		192		—		918		918		—
Business	2,239		2,465		—		2,332		2,527		—
With an allowance recorded:
One-to-four family	75		75		31		76		72		32
Business	5,383		5,383		112		5,423		5,423		126
Total	$	12,508	$	13,393	$	143	$	12,868	$	13,718	$	158

    The following tables presents information on average balances of impaired loans and the interest income recognized on a cash basis for the three month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020.

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,
	2021				2020
$ in thousands	Average Balance		Interest Income Recognized		Average Balance		Interest Income Recognized
With no specific allowance recorded:
One-to-four family	$	3,742	$	4	$	3,862	$	27
Multifamily	627		—		374		4
Commercial real estate	555		—		2,069		—
Business	2,286		—		2,744		29
With an allowance recorded:
One-to-four family	75		—		682		—
Business	5,403		76		622		—
Total	$	12,688	$	80	$	10,353	$	60

    In certain circumstances, the Bank will modify a loan as part of a TDR under GAAP. Situations around these modifications may include extension of maturity date, reduction in the stated interest rate, rescheduling of future cash flows, reduction in the face amount of the debt or reduction of past accrued interest. Loans modified in TDRs are placed on nonaccrual status until the Company determines that future collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured, which generally requires that the borrower demonstrate performance according to the restructured terms for a period of at least six months. There were no loan modifications made during the three month periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020. Total TDR loans at June 30, 2021 and March 31, 2021 were $7.5 million, $1.8 million of which were non-performing at both dates as they were either not consistently performing in accordance with their modified terms or not performing in accordance with their modified terms for at least six months.

    In an effort to proactively resolve delinquent loans, the Bank has selectively extended to certain borrowers concessions such as extensions, rate reductions or forbearance agreements. For the periods ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, there were no modified loans that defaulted within 12 months of modification.

    At June 30, 2021, there were 5 loans in the TDR portfolio totaling $5.7 million that were on accrual status as the Company has determined that future collection of the principal and interest is reasonably assured. These have generally performed according to restructured terms for a period of at least six months. At March 31, 2021, there were 5 loans in the TDR portfolio totaling $5.8 million that were on accrual status.

Transactions With Certain Related Persons

    Federal law requires that all loans or extensions of credit to executive officers and directors must be made on substantially the same terms, including interest rates and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with the general public and must not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features.

    The aggregate amount of loans outstanding to related parties was $60 thousand at June 30, 2021 and March 31, 2021. There were no advances and principal repayments during the three months ended June 30, 2021.

    Furthermore, loans above the greater of $25,000, or 5% of Carver Federal’s capital and surplus (up to $500,000), to Carver Federal’s directors and executive officers must be approved in advance by a majority of the disinterested members of Carver Federal’s Board of Directors.