Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2019

Mar. 31, 2018

Basis of Consolidated Financial Statement Presentation

Basis of consolidated financial statement presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Bank and the Bank's wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, Carver Asset Corporation, CFSB Realty Corp., CCDC, and CFSB Credit Corp. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated statement of financial condition and revenues and expenses for the period then ended. Amounts subject to significant estimates and assumptions are items such as the allowance for loan losses, realization of deferred tax assets, assessment of other-than-temporary impairment of securities, and the fair value of financial instruments. While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance for loan losses or future writedowns of real estate owned may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions in the areas where Carver Federal has extended mortgages and other credit instruments. Actual results could differ significantly from those assumptions. Current market conditions increase the risk and complexity of the judgments in these estimates.

In addition, the OCC, Carver Federal's regulator, as an integral part of its examination process, periodically reviews Carver Federal's allowance for loan losses and, if applicable, real estate owned valuations. The OCC may require Carver Federal to recognize additions to the allowance for loan losses or additional writedowns of real estate owned based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination.

Certain comparative amounts for the prior period have been reclassified to conform to current period presentations. Such reclassifications had no effect on net income or shareholders' equity.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents

For the purpose of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash, amounts due from depository institutions and other short-term instruments with an original maturity of three months or less. The amounts due from depository institutions include an interest-bearing account held at the Federal Reserve Bank where any additional cash reserve required on demand deposits would be maintained. Currently, this reserve requirement is zero since the Bank's vault cash satisfies cash reserve requirements for deposits.

Investment Securities

When purchased, investment securities are designated as either investment securities held-to-maturity, available-for-sale or trading.

Securities are classified as held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost only if the Bank has a positive intent and ability to hold such securities to maturity. Securities held-to-maturity are carried at cost, adjusted for the amortization of premiums and the accretion of discounts using the level-yield method over the remaining period until maturity.

If not classified as held-to-maturity or trading, securities are classified as available-for-sale based upon management's ability to sell in response to actual or anticipated changes in interest rates, resulting prepayment risk or any other factors. Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value. Estimated fair values of securities are based on either published or security dealers' market value if available. If quoted or dealer prices are not available, fair value is estimated using quoted or dealer prices for similar securities.

Securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 on April 1, 2018; this standard required that all equity securities are measured at fair value with unrealized holding gains and losses reflected in net income. In the prior fiscal year, equity securities measured at fair value reported any change in unrealized gains and losses through other comprehensive income.

The Company conducts periodic reviews to identify and evaluate each investment that has an unrealized holding loss. Unrealized holding gains or losses for securities available-for-sale are excluded from earnings and reported net of deferred income taxes in accumulated other comprehensive loss, a component of Stockholders' Equity. Following Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") guidance, the amount of an other-than-temporary impairment when there are credit and non-credit losses on a debt security which management does not intend to sell, and for which it is more likely than not that the Bank will not be required to sell the security prior to the recovery of the non-credit impairment, the portion of the total impairment that is attributable to the credit loss would be recognized in earnings. The remaining difference between the debt security's amortized cost basis and its fair value would be included in other comprehensive income (loss). During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, the Bank recognized an impairment of less than $500 on a mortgage-backed security. There were no other-than-temporary impairment charges recorded during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Gains or losses on sales of securities of all classifications are recognized based on the specific identification method.

Loans Held-for-Sale

Loans are only moved to held-for-sale classification upon the determination by Carver to sell a loan. Held-for-sale loans are carried at the lower of cost or market value. The initial charge-off, if any is required, will be taken upon the move to held-for-sale and absorbed through Carver's loan loss reserve. The need for further charge-offs is periodically evaluated if the loan remains classified as held-for-sale for an extended period of time using the valuation methodologies identified below. Any subsequently required charge-off is processed as a mark-to-market adjustment. The valuation methodology for loans held-for-sale varies based upon the circumstances. Held-for-sale values may be based upon accepted offer amounts, appraised value of underlying mortgaged premises, prior loan loss experience of Carver in connection with recent loan sales for the loan type in question, and/or other acceptable valuation methods.

Loans Receivable

Loans receivable are carried at unpaid principal balances plus unamortized premiums, certain deferred direct loan origination costs and deferred loan origination fees and discounts, less the allowance for loan losses and charge-offs.

The Bank defers loan origination fees and certain direct loan origination costs and amortizes or accretes such amounts as an adjustment of yield over the contractual lives of the related loans using methodologies which approximate the interest method. Premiums and discounts on loans purchased are amortized or accreted as an adjustment of yield over the contractual lives of the related loans, adjusted for prepayments when applicable, using methodologies which approximate the interest method.

Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when they are past due 90 days or more as to contractual obligations or when other circumstances indicate that collection is not probable. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, any interest accrued but not received is reversed against interest income. Payments received on a nonaccrual loan are either applied to protective advances, the outstanding principal balance or recorded as interest income, depending on an assessment of the ability to collect the loan. A nonaccrual loan may be restored to accrual status when principal and interest payments have been brought current and the loan has performed in accordance with its contractual terms for a reasonable period (generally six months).

If the Bank determines that a loan is impaired, the Bank next determines the amount of the impairment. The amount of impairment on collateral dependent loans is charged off within the given fiscal quarter. Generally the amount of the loan and negative escrow in excess of the appraised value less estimated selling costs, for the fair value of collateral valuation method, is charged off. For impairment amounts calculated utilizing the present value of expected future cash flows, such as TDRs, the dollar amount of impairment is recorded as a specific valuation allowance.

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL)

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses ("ALLL")

The adequacy of the Bank's ALLL is determined, in accordance with the Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (the “Interagency Policy Statement”) released by the OCC on December 13, 2006 and in accordance with ASC Subtopics 450-20 "Loss Contingencies" and 310-10 "Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan." Compliance with the Interagency Policy Statement includes management's review of the Bank's loan portfolio, including the identification and review of individual problem situations that may affect a borrower's ability to repay. In addition, management reviews the overall portfolio quality through an analysis of delinquency and non-performing loan data, estimates of the value of underlying collateral, current charge-offs and other factors that may affect the portfolio, including a review of regulatory examinations, an assessment of current and expected economic conditions and changes in the size and composition of the loan portfolio.

The ALLL reflects management's evaluation of the loans presenting identified loss potential, as well as the risk inherent in various components of the portfolio. There is significant judgment applied in estimating the ALLL. These assumptions and estimates are susceptible to significant changes based on the current environment. Further, any change in the size of the loan portfolio or any of its components could necessitate an increase in the ALLL even though there may not be a decline in credit quality or an increase in potential problem loans. As such, there can never be assurance that the ALLL accurately reflects the actual loss potential inherent in a loan portfolio.

General Reserve Allowance

Carver's maintenance of a general reserve allowance in accordance with ASC Subtopic 450-20 includes the Bank's evaluating the risk to loss potential of homogeneous pools of loans based upon historical loss factors and a review of nine different environmental factors that are then applied to each pool. The main pools of loans (“Loan Type”) are:


•	One-to-four family


•	Multifamily


•	Commercial Real Estate


•	Construction


•	Business Loans


•	Consumer (including Overdraft Accounts)

The Bank next applies to each pool a risk factor that determines the level of general reserves for that specific pool. The Bank estimates its historical charge-offs via a lookback analysis. The actual historical loss experience by major loan category is expressed as a percentage of the outstanding balance of all loans within the category. As the loss experience for a particular loan category increases or decreases, the level of reserves required for that particular loan category also increases or decreases. The Bank’s historical charge-off rate reflects the period over which the charge-offs were confirmed and recognized, not the period over which the earlier losses occurred. That is, the charge-off rate measures the confirmation of losses over a period that occurs after the earlier actual losses. During the period between the loss-causing events and the eventual confirmations of losses, conditions may have changed. There is always a time lag between the period over which average charge-off rates are calculated and the date of the financial statements. During that period, conditions may have changed. Another factor influencing the General Reserve is the Bank’s Loss Emergence Period ("LEP") assumptions which represent the Bank’s estimate of the average amount of time from the point at which a loss is incurred to the point at which the loss is confirmed, either through the identification of the loss or a charge-off. Based upon adequate management information systems and effective methodologies for estimating losses, management has established a LEP floor of one year on all pools. In some pools, such as Commercial Real Estate, Multifamily and Business, the Bank demonstrates a LEP in excess of 12 months. The Bank also recognizes losses in accordance with regulatory charge-off criteria.

Because actual loss experience may not adequately predict the level of losses inherent in a portfolio, the Bank reviews nine qualitative factors to determine if reserves should be adjusted based upon any of those factors. As the risk ratings worsen, some of the qualitative factors tend to increase. The nine qualitative factors the Bank considers and may utilize are:


1.	Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses (Policy & Procedures).


2.	Changes in relevant economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio, including the condition of various market segments (Economy).


3.	Changes in the nature or volume of the loan portfolio and in the terms of loans (Nature & Volume).


4.	Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff (Management).


5.	Changes in the volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of nonaccrual loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified loans (Problem Assets).


6.	Changes in the quality of the loan review system (Loan Review).


7.	Changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans (Collateral Values).


8.	The existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the level of such concentrations (Concentrations).


9.	The effect of other external forces such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the existing portfolio (External Forces).

The following discussion describes the general risks associated with the Bank’s lending activities:


•	One-to-four family - Carver Federal purchases first mortgage loans secured by one-to-four family properties that serve as the primary residence of the owner. The loans are underwritten in accordance with applicable secondary market underwriting guidelines and requirements for sale. These loans present a moderate level of risk due primarily to general economic conditions.

•

Multifamily - Carver Federal originates and purchases multifamily loans. These loans can be affected by economic conditions and the value of the underlying properties. The Bank primarily considers the property's ability to generate net operating income sufficient to support the debt service, the financial resources, income level and managerial expertise of the borrower, the marketability of the property and the Bank's lending experience with the borrower.

•

Commercial - Commercial real estate ("CRE") lending consists predominantly of originating loans for the purpose of purchasing or refinancing office, mixed-use (properties used for both commercial and residential purposes but predominantly commercial), retail and church buildings in the Bank's market area. Mixed-use loans are secured by properties that are intended for both residential and business use and are classified as CRE. In originating CRE loans, the Bank primarily considers the ability of the net operating income generated by the real estate to support the debt service, the financial resources, income level and managerial expertise of the borrower, the marketability of the property and the Bank's lending experience with the borrower. The Bank also requires the assignment of rents of all tenants' leases in the mortgaged property and personal guarantees may be obtained for additional security from these borrowers. CRE loans generally present a higher level of risk than other types of loans due primarily to the effect of general economic conditions and the complexities involved in valuing the underlying collateral.

•

Construction - The Bank has historically originated or participated in construction loans for new construction and renovation of multifamily buildings, residential developments, community service facilities, churches, and affordable housing programs. The loans provide for disbursement in stages as construction is completed. Borrowers must satisfy all credit requirements that apply to the Bank's permanent mortgage loan financing for the mortgaged property. Carver Federal has additional criteria for construction loans, including an engineer's plan and periodic cost reviews on all construction budgets for loans. Construction loans present an increased level of risk from the effect of general economic conditions and uncertainties surrounding total construction costs. The Bank is not actively engaged in the origination of construction loans and does not pursue the purchase of them.

•

Business - The Bank originates and purchases business and SBA loans primarily to businesses located in its primary market area and surrounding areas. Business loans are typically personally guaranteed by the owners and may also be secured by additional collateral, including real estate, equipment and inventory. Business loans are also subject to increased risk from the effect of general economic conditions.


•	Consumer - The majority of the Consumer portfolio are student loans to medical students enrolled in several Caribbean schools.

Specific Reserve Allowance

Carver also maintains a specific reserve allowance for criticized and classified loans individually reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC Subtopic 310-10 guidelines. The amount assigned to the specific reserve allowance is individually determined based upon the loan. The ASC Subtopic 310-10 guidelines require the use of one of three approved methods to estimate the amount to be reserved and/or charged off for such credits. The three methods are as follows:

1.The present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate,

2.The loan's observable market price; or

3.The fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

The Bank may choose the appropriate ASC Subtopic 310-10 measurement on a loan-by-loan basis for an individually impaired loan, except for an impaired collateral dependent loan. Guidance requires impairment of a collateral dependent loan to be measured using the fair value of collateral method. A loan is considered "collateral dependent" when the repayment of the debt will be provided solely by the underlying collateral, and there are no other available and reliable sources of repayment.

Criticized and classified loans with at risk balances of $500,000 or more and loans below $500,000 that the Chief Credit Officer deems appropriate for review, are identified and reviewed for individual evaluation for impairment in accordance with ASC Subtopic 310-10. Carver also performs impairment analysis for all troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). All TDRs are classified as impaired. For non-TDRs, if it is determined that it is probable the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due according with the contractual terms of the loan agreement, the loan is categorized as impaired.

If the loan is determined to not be impaired, it is then placed in the appropriate pool of criticized and classified loans to be evaluated collectively for impairment. Loans determined to be impaired are evaluated to determine the amount of impairment based on one of the three measurement methods noted above. In accordance with guidance, if there is no impairment amount, no reserve is established for the loan.

Troubled Debt Restructured Loans

TDRs are those loans whose terms have been modified because of deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower and a concession is made. Modifications could include extension of the terms of the loan, reduced interest rates, capitalization of interest and forgiveness of accrued interest and/or principal. Once an obligation has been restructured because of such credit problems, it continues to be considered a TDR until paid in full. For cash flow dependent loans, the Bank records a specific valuation allowance reserve equal to the difference between the present value of estimated future cash flows under the restructured terms discounted at the loan's original effective interest rate, and the loan's original carrying value. For a collateral dependent loan, the Bank records an impairment charge when the current estimated fair value (less estimated costs of disposal) of the property that collateralizes the impaired loan, if any, is less than the recorded investment in the loan. TDR loans remain on nonaccrual status until they have performed in accordance with the restructured terms for a period of at least six months.

Representation and Warranty Reserve

During the period 2004 through 2009, the Bank originated one-to-four family residential mortgage loans and sold the loans to the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”). The loans were sold to FNMA with the standard representations and warranties for loans sold to the Government Sponsored Entities (GSEs). The Bank may be required to repurchase these loans in the event of breaches of these representations and warranties. In the event of a repurchase, the Bank is typically required to pay the unpaid principal balance as well as outstanding interest and fees. The Bank then recovers the loan or, if the loan has been foreclosed, the underlying collateral. The Bank is exposed to any losses on repurchased loans after giving effect to any recoveries on the collateral. At March 31, 2019 the Bank serviced $19.4 million of loans for others.

Management has established a representation and warranty reserve for losses associated with the repurchase of mortgage loans sold by the Bank to FNMA that we consider to be both probable and reasonably estimable. These reserves are reported in the consolidated statement of financial condition as a component of other liabilities. The calculation of the reserve is based on estimates, which are uncertain, and require the application of judgment. In establishing the reserves, we consider a variety of factors, including those loans that are under review by FNMA that have not yet received a repurchase request. The Bank tracks the FNMA claims monthly and evaluates the reserve on a quarterly basis.

Segment Reporting

The Company has determined that all of its activities constitute one reportable operating segment.

Concentration Risk

Concentration of Risk

The Bank's principal lending activities are concentrated in loans secured by real estate, a substantial portion of which is located in New York City. Accordingly, the ultimate collectability of a substantial portion of the Company's loan portfolio is susceptible to changes in New York's real estate market conditions. Qualitative factors in the ALLL calculation considers the Bank's concentration risk.

Office Properties and Equipment

and Equipment

Premises and equipment are comprised of land, at cost, and buildings, building improvements, furnishings and equipment and leasehold improvements, at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization charges are computed using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:



Buildings and improvements	10 to 25 years
Furnishings and equipment	3 to 5 years
Leasehold improvements	Lesser of useful life or remaining term of lease

Maintenance, repairs and minor improvements are charged to non-interest expense in the period incurred.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

The FHLB-NY has assigned to the Bank a mandated membership stock purchase, based on the Bank's asset size. In addition, for all borrowing activity, the Bank is required to purchase shares of FHLB-NY non-marketable capital stock at par. Such shares are redeemed by FHLB-NY at par with reductions in the Bank's borrowing levels. We do not consider these shares to be other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2019. The Bank carries this investment at historical cost.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

All separately recognized servicing assets totaled $180 thousand and $181 thousand, respectively, at March 31, 2019 and 2018, and are included in Other Assets in the consolidated statements of financial condition and measured at fair value. Servicing fee income of $51 thousand and $63 thousand, respectively, was recognized during the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, and is included in Non-Interest Income in the consolidated statements of operations.

Other Real Estate Owned

Real estate acquired by foreclosure or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure is recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition less estimated selling costs. Any subsequent adjustments will be to the lower of cost or market. The fair value of such assets is determined based primarily upon independent appraisals and other relevant factors. The amounts ultimately recoverable from real estate owned could differ from the net carrying value of these properties because of economic conditions. Costs incurred to improve properties or prepare them for sale are capitalized. Revenues and expenses related to the holding and operating of properties are recognized in operations as earned or incurred. Gains or losses on sale of properties are recognized as incurred.

Income Taxes

The Company records income taxes in accordance with ASC 740 “Income Taxes,” as amended, using the asset and liability method. Income tax expense (benefit) consists of income taxes currently payable (receivable) and deferred income taxes. Temporary differences between the basis of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and tax purposes are measured as of the balance sheet date. Deferred tax liabilities or recognizable deferred tax assets are calculated on such differences, using current statutory rates, which result in future taxable or deductible amounts. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Where applicable, deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance for any portion determined not likely to be realized. This valuation allowance would subsequently be adjusted by a charge or credit to income tax expense as changes in facts and circumstances warrant. A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is "more likely than not" that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. Any interest expense or penalties would be recorded as interest expense.

Earnings (Loss) per Common Share

The Company has preferred stock series D shares which if exercised could convert to common stock and are therefore considered to be participating securities. Basic earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) is computed using the two class method. This calculation divides net income (loss) available to common stockholders after the allocation of undistributed earnings to the participating securities by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share takes into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised and converted into common stock. These potentially dilutive shares are then included in the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period. Dilution calculations are not applicable to net loss periods.

Preferred and Common Dividends

The Company is prohibited from paying any dividends without prior regulatory approval pursuant to the terms of the Formal Agreement and Resolution to which it is subject, and is generally subject to regulations governing the payment of dividends. See Item 1 - Business - Regulation and Supervision - Enforcement Actions. There are no assurances that the payments of common stock dividends will resume.

Treasury Stock

Treasury stock is recorded at cost and is presented as a reduction of stockholders' equity.

Stock Compensation Plans

The Company currently has multiple stock plans in place for employees and directors of the Company. U.S. GAAP requires that the compensation cost related to share-based payment transactions be recognized in financial statements. The share-based compensation accounting guidance requires that compensation cost for all stock awards be calculated and recognized over a defined vesting period. For awards with graded-vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite vesting period for the entire award. A Black-Scholes model is used to estimate the fair value of stock options, while the market price of the Company's common stock at the date of grant is used for restricted stock awards.

Off-Balance-Sheet Financial Instruments

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Bank has entered into off-balance sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit and letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the consolidated statements of condition when they are funded

NMTC fee income

The fee income the Company receives related to the transfers of its New Market Tax Credits ("NMTC") varies with each transaction, but all are similar in nature. There are two basic types of fees associated with these transactions. The first is a “sub-allocation fee” that is paid to CCDC when the tax credits are allocated to a subsidiary entity at the time a qualified equity investment is made. This fee is recognized by the Company at the time of allocation. The second type of fee is paid to cover the administrative and servicing costs associated with CCDC's compliance with NMTC reporting requirements. This fee is recognized as the services are rendered.

Advertising Costs

The Company follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Impact of Recent Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

Recent Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASU 2014-09), which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing U.S. GAAP. The standard, as modified and augmented by subsequently issued pronouncements (ASUs 2016-08, 2016-10, 2016-12, 2016-20, 2017-05, 2017-13 and 2017-14) became effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 ( April 1, 2018 for the Company), and interim periods therein, using either of the following transition methods: (i) a full retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect certain practical expedients, or (ii) a modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially adopting ASU 2014-09 recognized at the date of adoption (which includes additional footnote disclosures). The Company completed its review of the impact of this guidance and concluded that (1) a substantial majority of the Company's revenue is comprised of interest income on financial assets, which is explicitly excluded from the scope of ASU 2014-09 and (2) based on our understanding of the standard and subsequent modification and the nature of our non-interest revenue, many elements of non-interest income are unaffected. The Company identified the non-interest income streams that are contractually based and adopted this ASU on a modified retrospective approach. Since the new guidance did not have a material impact to the Company's consolidated financial statements, a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings was not deemed necessary.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, "Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." The amendments (1) require equity investments, with certain exceptions, to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income, (2) simplify the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment, (3) eliminate the requirement to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost on the balance sheet, (4) require public business entities to use an exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes, (5) require an entity to separately present in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in the fair value of a liability resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has elected to measure the liability at fair value in accordance with the fair value option for financial instruments, (6) require separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or the accompanying notes to the financial statements, and (7) clarify that an entity should evaluate the need for a valuation allowance on a deferred tax asset related to available-for-sale securities in combination with the entity's other deferred tax assets. ASU No. 2016-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 (for the Company, the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019), including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this standard by public entities is permitted as of the beginning of the year of adoption for selected amendments, including the amendment related to unrealized gains and losses on equity securities, by a cumulative effect adjustment to the statement of financial condition. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-03, "Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10) to clarify certain aspects of the guidance issued in ASU 2016-01. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years years beginning after June 15, 2018. The Company completed its evaluation of the provisions of ASU 2016-01 and identified the equity investments that fall under ASU 2016-01. The Company adopted this ASU during the first quarter of fiscal year 2019 and the impact amounted to a cumulative effect adjustment of $721 thousand as a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive loss to accumulated deficit. There was no tax impact on this reclassification because of the full deferred tax asset valuation allowance. Additionally, all future unrealized gains and losses will be recognized in the Statements of Operations. See Note 3 "Investment Securities" for further information.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, "Leases (Topic 842)." From the lessee's perspective, the new standard establishes a right-of-use ("ROU") model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement for a lessee. From the lessor's perspective, the new standard requires a lessor to classify leases as either sales-type, finance or operating. A lease will be treated as a sale if it transfers all of the risks and rewards, as well as control of the underlying asset, to the lessee. If risks and rewards are conveyed without the transfer of control, the lease is treated as a financing. If the lessor does not convey risks and rewards or control, an operating lease results. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessors for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. ASU No. 2016-02, as augmented by ASU No. 2018-01, is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (for the Company, the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020), including interim periods within those fiscal years. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, "Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases," to clarify and correct unintended application of the guidance in ASU No. 2016-02. The amendments in this ASU affect aspects of the guidance and provide clarification to related topics such as 1) rate implicit in the lease; 2) reassessment of leases; 3) transition guidance; and 4) impairment of net investment in the lease. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, "Leases (Topic 842) Target Improvements," which provides guidance related to comparative reporting requirements for initial adoption. This amendment provides entities with another transition method, in addition to the modified retrospective approach, by allowing entities to initially apply the new leases standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. In December 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-20, "Leases (Topic 842) Narrow-Scope Improvements for Lessors," which clarifies how to apply the leases standard when accounting for sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from lessees, certain lessor costs, and recognition of variable payments for contracts with lease and nonlease components. In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-01, "Leases (Topic 842) Codification Improvements," which clarifies certain issues related to 1) determining the fair value of the underlying asset by lessors that are not manufacturers or dealers; 2) presentation on the statement of cashflows for sales-type and direct financing leases; and 3) transition disclosures related to Topic 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections. The Company will adopt ASU No. 2016-02 effective April 1, 2019 and will elect to apply the guidance as of the beginning of the period of adoption (April 1, 2019) and not restate comparative periods. The Company will also elect certain optional practical expedients, which allow the Company to forego a reassessment of (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, (2) the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and (3) the initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company is also evaluating of the impact, if any, the standard will have on its sale and leaseback transaction. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 will result in increases to both the Company's assets and liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Based on the analysis performed, management estimates recognizing ROU assets and a corresponding lease liabilities of approximately $20.1 million.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Loss," which updates the guidance on recognition and measurement of credit losses for financial assets. The new requirements, known as the current expected credit loss model ("CECL") will require entities to adopt an impairment model based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. ASU No. 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 (for the Company, the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021), including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently in the implementation stage of ASU 2016-13 and has engaged two vendors to assist management in evaluating the requirements of the new standard, modeling requirements and assessment of the impact that it will have on the consolidated statements of financial condition and results of operations.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments," a consensus of the FASB's Emerging Issues Task Force. The update is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows, and provides guidance on how the following cash receipts and payments should be presented and classified in the statement of cash flows: debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, settlement of zero-coupon bonds, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, settlements of insurance claims, settlements of corporate-owned and bank-owned life insurance policies, distributions received from equity method investees, and beneficial interests in securitization transactions. The ASU also clarifies when an entity should separate cash receipts and payments and classify them into more than one class of cash flows. ASU No. 2016-15 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 (for the Company, the fiscal year ending March 31, 2019), and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has evaluated the potential impact of the adoption of the new standard on its consolidated statement of cash flows and is generally unaffected by the update. The items defined in the ASU are not relevant to the Company's operations at this time.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash," to require that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents, in addition to changes in cash and cash equivalents. The update provides guidance that restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. ASU No. 2016-18 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 (for the Company, the fiscal year ending March 31, 2019), and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2016-18 and was generally unaffected by the update. The Company does not have restricted cash at this time.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-08, "Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities," which shortens the amortization period for the premium on certain purchased callable debt securities to the earliest call date. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (for the Company, the fiscal year ending March 31, 2020), and interim periods within those fiscal years. Based on management's review of the securities in the Company's portfolio at March 31, 2019, the adoption of the standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated statements of financial condition and results of operations.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, "Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Scope of Modification Accounting," which clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as modifications. The new guidance became effective for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017 (for the Company, the fiscal year ending March 31, 2019). The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated statements of financial condition and results of operations.