INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The Bank utilizes mortgage-backed and other investment securities in its asset/liability management strategy. In making investment decisions, the Bank considers, among other things, its yield and interest rate objectives, its interest rate and credit risk position, and its liquidity and cash flow.

Generally, the investment policy of the Bank is to invest funds among categories of investments and maturities based upon the Bank’s asset/liability management policies, investment quality, loan and deposit volume and collateral requirements, liquidity needs and performance objectives. GAAP requires that securities be classified into three categories: trading, held-to-maturity, and available-for-sale. At March 31, 2018, securities with fair value of $60.7 million, or 83.4%, of the Bank’s total securities were classified as available-for-sale, and the remaining securities with amortized cost of $12.1 million, or 16.6%, were classified as held-to-maturity. The Bank had no securities classified as trading at March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017.

The following tables set forth the amortized cost and fair value of securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017:



	At March 31, 2018
	Amortized		Gross Unrealized
$ in thousands	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Available-for-Sale:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Government National Mortgage Association	$	2,163	$	—	$	97	$	2,066
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation	6,633		—		283		6,350
Federal National Mortgage Association	24,638		—		1,227		23,411
Total mortgage-backed securities	33,434		—		1,607		31,827
U.S. Government Agency Securities	14,490		—		258		14,232
Corporate Bonds	5,078		—		212		4,866
Other investments ⁽¹⁾	10,433		—		649		9,784
Total available-for-sale	$	63,435	$	—	$	2,726	$	60,709
Held-to-Maturity*:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Government National Mortgage Association	1,434		51		—		1,485
Federal National Mortgage Association	9,641		—		247		9,394
Total held-to-maturity mortgage-backed securities	11,075		51		247		10,879
Corporate Bonds	1,000		30		—		1,030
Total held-to-maturity	$	12,075	$	81	$	247	$	11,909



	At March 31, 2017
	Amortized		Gross Unrealized
$ in thousands	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
Available-for-Sale:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Government National Mortgage Association	$	2,576	$	—	$	89	$	2,487
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation	8,053		—		195		7,858
Federal National Mortgage Association	27,241		—		928		26,313
Total mortgage-backed securities	37,870		—		1,212		36,658
U.S. Government Agency Securities	7,574		—		92		7,482
Corporate Bonds	5,104		—		140		4,964
Other investments ⁽¹⁾	10,403		—		496		9,907
Total available-for-sale	$	60,951	$	—	$	1,940	$	59,011

Held-to-Maturity*:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Government National Mortgage Association	$	1,797	$	86	$	—	$	1,883
Federal National Mortgage Association and Other	10,638		12		60		10,590
Total held-to-maturity mortgage-backed securities	12,435		98		60		12,473
Corporate Bonds	1,000		24		—		1,024
Total held-to-maturity	$	13,435	$	122	$	60	$	13,497

* The carrying amount and amortized cost are the same for all held-to-maturity securities, as no OTTI has been recorded.

⁽¹⁾ Primarily comprised of an investment in a CRA fund with 95% of its underlying investments consisting of government and agency backed securities.

There were no sales of available-for-sale securities for the year ended March 31, 2018. The following is a summary regarding proceeds, gross gains and gross losses realized from the sale of securities from the available-for-sale portfolio for the year ended March 31, 2017.



$ in thousands	2017
Proceeds	$	7,259
Gross gains	58
Gross losses	—

There were no sales of held-to-maturity securities in fiscal years 2018 or 2017.

The Bank's investment portfolio is comprised primarily of fixed-rate mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by a Government Sponsored Enterprise (“GSE”) as issuer and Agency securities. Carver maintains a portfolio of mortgage-backed securities in the form of Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) pass-through certificates, Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”) participation certificates. GNMA pass-through certificates are guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the United States Government, while FNMA and FHLMC certificates are each guaranteed by their respective agencies as to principal and interest. Based on the high quality of the Bank's investment portfolio, current market conditions have not significantly impacted the pricing of the portfolio or the Bank's ability to obtain reliable prices. During fiscal year 2017, the Bank invested $5.1 million in corporate bonds of reputable financial institutions to diversify its available-for-sale portfolio.

At March 31, 2018, the Bank pledged securities of $27.7 million as collateral for advances from the FHLB-NY.

The following tables set forth the unrealized losses and fair value of securities in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017 for less than 12 months and 12 months or longer:



	At March 31, 2018
	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
$ in thousands	Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Available-for-Sale:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	101	$	3,702	$	1,506	$	28,124	$	1,607	$	31,826
U.S. Government Agency Securities	80		7,666		178		6,566		258		14,232
Corporate bonds	—		—		212		4,866		212		4,866
Other investments ⁽¹⁾	—		—		649		9,351		649		9,351
Total available-for-sale securities	$	181	$	11,368	$	2,545	$	48,907	$	2,726	$	60,275
Held-to-Maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	188	$	7,681	$	59	$	1,612	$	247	$	9,293
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	188	$	7,681	$	59	$	1,612	$	247	$	9,293



	At March 31, 2017
	Less than 12 months				12 months or longer				Total
$ in thousands	Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Available-for-Sale:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	1,171	$	34,716	$	41	$	1,942	$	1,212	$	36,658
U.S. Government Agency Securities	92		7,482		—		—		92		7,482
Corporate bonds	140		4,964		—		—		140		4,964
Other investments ⁽¹⁾	—		—		496		9,504		496		9,504
Total available-for-sale securities	$	1,403	$	47,162	$	537	$	11,446	$	1,940	$	58,608
Held-to-Maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	60	$	7,623	$	—	$	—	$	60	$	7,623
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	60	$	7,623	$	—	$	—	$	60	$	7,623

⁽¹⁾ Primarily comprised of an investment in a CRA fund with 95% of its underlying investments consisting of government and agency backed securities.

A total of 35 securities had an unrealized loss at March 31, 2018 compared to 33 at March 31, 2017. Mortgage-backed securities represented 52.8% of total available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2018. There were 17 mortgage-backed securities, three U.S. government agency securities, five corporate bonds and one investment in a CRA fund that had an unrealized loss position for more than 12 months at March 31, 2018. The cause of the temporary impairment is directly related to changes in interest rates. In general, as interest rates decline, the fair value of securities will rise, and conversely as interest rates rise, the fair value of securities will decline. Management considers fluctuations in fair value as a result of interest rate changes to be temporary, which is consistent with the Bank's experience. The impairments are deemed temporary based on the direct relationship of the change in fair value to movements in interest rates, the life of the investments and their high credit quality. Given the high credit quality of the securities which are backed by the U.S. government's guarantees, and the corporate securities which are all reputable institutions in good financial standing, the risk of credit loss is minimal. Management believes that these unrealized losses are a direct result of the current rate environment and has the ability and intent to hold the securities until maturity or the valuation recovers.

The amount of an other-than-temporary impairment when there are credit and non-credit losses on a debt security which management does not intend to sell, and for which it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the security prior to the recovery of the non-credit impairment is accounted for as follows: (1) the portion of the total impairment that is attributable to the credit loss would be recognized in earnings, and (2) the remaining difference between the debt security's amortized cost basis and its fair value would be included in other comprehensive income (loss). During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, the Bank recognized an impairment of less than $500 on a mortgage-backed security. The Bank did not have any securities that were classified as having other-than-temporary impairment in its investment portfolio at March 31, 2017.

The following is a summary of the amortized cost and fair value of debt securities at March 31, 2018, by remaining period to contractual maturity (ignoring earlier call dates, if any). Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain security issuers have the right to call or prepay their obligations. The table below does not consider the effects of possible prepayments or unscheduled repayments.



$ in thousands	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Weighted Average Yield
Available-for-Sale:
One through five years	$	10,317	$	9,974	1.68	%
Five through ten years	10,460		9,975		2.08	%
After ten years	32,225		30,976		2.35	%
	53,002		50,925		2.17	%
Held-to-maturity:
One through five years	$	2,776	$	2,719	2.41	%
Five through ten years	6,151		6,077		3.03	%
After ten years	3,148		3,113		2.61	%
	$	12,075	$	11,909	2.78	%