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11. Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, and the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company determined that a valuation allowance equal to 100% of any deferred tax asset was appropriate, as management of the Company cannot determine that it is more likely than not the Company will realize the benefit of a net deferred tax asset. The net effect is that the deferred tax asset is fully reserved for at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Management estimates the effective tax rate at 0% for the current year.

 

      Mexican Tax Assessment

 

In 2015, the Mexican tax authority (“SAT”) initiated an audit of the USAMSA’s 2013 income tax return. In October 2016, as a result of its audit, SAT assessed the Company $13.8 million pesos, which was approximately $666,400 in U.S. Dollars (“USD”) as of December 31, 2016. Approximately $285,000 USD of the total assessment is interest and penalties. SAT’s assessment is based on the disallowance of specific costs that the Company deducted on the 2013 USAMSA income tax return. These disallowed costs were incurred by the Company for USAMSA’s business operations. SAT claims that the costs were not deductible or were not supported by appropriate documentation. At June 30, 2018, the assessed amount is $694,752 in U.S dollars.

 

Management has reviewed the assessment notice from SAT and believes numerous findings have no merit. The Company has engaged accountants and tax attorneys in Mexico to defend its position. An appeal has been filed.

 

At December 31, 2016, management estimated possible outcomes for this assessment and believes it will ultimately pay an amount ranging from 30% of the total assessment to the total assessed amount. The Company’s agreement with the tax professionals is that the professionals will receive 30% of the amount of tax relief they are able to achieve.

 

At December 31, 2016, the Company accrued a potential liability of $410,510 USD of which $285,048 was for unpaid income taxes, $75,510 was for interest expense, and $49,952 was for penalties. The amount accrued represents management’s best estimate of the amount that will ultimately be paid. The outcome could vary from this estimate. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recognized a $62,752 and $12,752 decrease, respectively, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, recognized a $51,642 and $10,191 decrease, respectively, due to the change in exchange rates. Fluctuation in exchange rates has an ongoing impact on the amount the Company will pay in U.S. dollars.

 

If an issue addressed during the SAT audit is resolved in a manner inconsistent with management expectations, the Company will adjust its net operating loss carryforward, or accrue any additional penalties, interest, and tax associated with the audit. The Company’s tax professionals in Mexico have reviewed and filed tax returns with the SAT for other tax years and have advised the Company that they do not expect the Company to have a tax liability for those years relating to similar issues.