Allowance for Credit Losses

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Credit Loss [Abstract]

Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowance for Credit LossesIn accordance with ASC 326, the Company is required to measure the allowance for credit losses of financial assets with similar risk characteristics on a collective or pooled basis. In considering the segmentation of financial assets measured at amortized cost into pools, the Company considered various risk characteristics in its analysis. Generally, the segmentation utilized represents the level at which the Company develops and documents its systematic methodology to determine the allowance for credit losses for the financial assets held at amortized cost, specifically the Company's loan portfolio and debt securities

classified as held-to-maturity. Descriptions of the Company’s loan portfolio segments and major debt security types are included in Note (5) “Allowance for Credit Losses” of the 2022 Form 10-K.

In accordance with ASC 326, the Company elected to not measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest. As such accrued interest is written off in a timely manner when deemed uncollectible. Any such write-off of accrued interest will reverse previously recognized interest income. In addition, the Company elected to not include accrued interest within presentation and disclosures of the carrying amount of financial assets held at amortized cost. This election is applicable to the various disclosures included within the Company's financial statements. Accrued interest related to financial assets held at amortized cost is included within accrued interest receivable and other assets within the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition and totaled $290.9 million at September 30, 2023, $214.0 million at December 31, 2022, and $158.5 million at September 30, 2022.

The tables below show the aging of the Company’s loan portfolio by the segmentation noted above at September 30, 2023, December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022:

As of September 30, 2023			90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due
(In thousands)	Nonaccrual								Current		Total Loans
Loan Balances (includes PCD):
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	43,569	$	200	$	22,889	$	35,681	$	12,623,134	$	12,725,473
Commercial real estate
Construction and development	8,384		—		2,438		31,292		1,851,659		1,893,773
Non-construction	8,659		1,092		4,957		29,692		9,008,007		9,052,407
Home equity	1,363		—		219		1,668		340,008		343,258
Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans	16,103		—		1,145		904		2,520,478		2,538,630
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	26,756		16,253		16,552		31,919		6,631,267		6,722,747
Life insurance loans	—		10,679		41,894		14,972		7,864,263		7,931,808
Consumer and other	16		27		196		519		68,205		68,963
Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans	$	104,850	$	28,251	$	90,290	$	146,647	$	40,907,021	$	41,277,059
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies (1)	117		57,558		2,116		—		109,182		168,973
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	104,967	$	85,809	$	92,406	$	146,647	$	41,016,203	$	41,446,032

As of December 31, 2022			90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due
(In thousands)	Nonaccrual								Current		Total Loans
Loan Balances (includes PCD):
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	35,579	$	462	$	21,128	$	56,696	$	12,435,299	$	12,549,164
Commercial real estate
Construction and development	416		—		361		14,390		1,471,763		1,486,930
Non-construction	5,971		—		1,883		16,285		8,439,878		8,464,017
Home equity	1,487		—		—		2,152		329,059		332,698
Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans	10,171		—		4,364		9,982		2,183,078		2,207,595
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	13,470		15,841		14,926		40,557		5,764,665		5,849,459
Life insurance loans	—		17,245		5,260		68,725		7,999,768		8,090,998
Consumer and other	6		49		18		224		50,539		50,836
Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans	$	67,100	$	33,597	$	47,940	$	209,011	$	38,674,049	$	39,031,697
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies (1)	31,279		47,450		984		1,584		83,491		164,788
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	98,379	$	81,047	$	48,924	$	210,595	$	38,757,540	$	39,196,485

(1)Early buy-out loans are insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, subject to indemnifications and insurance limits for certain loans.

As of September 30, 2022			90+ days and still accruing		60-89 days past due		30-59 days past due
(In thousands)	Nonaccrual								Current		Total Loans
Loan Balances (includes PCD):
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	44,293	$	237	$	24,641	$	34,917	$	12,155,162	$	12,259,250
Commercial real estate
Construction and development	889		—		—		5,715		1,518,907		1,525,511
Non-construction	9,588		—		6,041		24,256		8,012,788		8,052,673
Home equity	1,320		—		125		848		326,529		328,822
Residential real estate, excluding early buy-out loans	9,787		—		2,149		15		2,074,844		2,086,795
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	13,026		16,624		15,301		21,128		5,647,261		5,713,340
Life insurance loans	—		1,831		13,628		44,954		7,944,443		8,004,856
Consumer and other	7		31		26		343		47,295		47,702
Total loans, net of unearned income, excluding early buy-out loans	$	78,910	$	18,723	$	61,911	$	132,176	$	37,727,229	$	38,018,949
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies (1)	24,020		68,067		489		104		55,984		148,664
Total loans, net of unearned income	$	102,930	$	86,790	$	62,400	$	132,280	$	37,783,213	$	38,167,613

(1)Early buy-out loans are insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, subject to indemnifications and insurance limits for certain loans.

Credit Quality Indicators

Credit quality indicators, specifically the Company's internal risk rating systems, reflect how the Company monitors credit losses and represents factors used by the Company when measuring the allowance for credit losses. Descriptions of the Company’s credit quality indicators by financial asset are included in Note (5) “Allowance for Credit Losses” of the 2022 Form 10-K.

The table below shows the Company’s loan portfolio by credit quality indicator and year of origination at September 30, 2023:

	Year of Origination														Revolving		Total
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving		to Term		Loans
Loan Balances:
Commercial, industrial and other
Pass	$	2,148,269	$	2,182,012	$	1,717,737	$	772,160	$	492,465	$	1,011,144	$	3,854,978	$	5,633	$	12,184,398
Special mention	18,043		47,296		69,910		18,805		16,248		5,140		112,580		1,255		289,277
Substandard accrual	3,683		40,284		19,105		1,409		9,179		38,135		95,331		1,103		208,229
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	20,920		4,315		6,284		4,155		6,215		1,610		70		—		43,569
Total commercial, industrial and other	$	2,190,915	$	2,273,907	$	1,813,036	$	796,529	$	524,107	$	1,056,029	$	4,062,959	$	7,991	$	12,725,473
Construction and development
Pass	$	231,587	$	760,955	$	434,667	$	174,574	$	85,436	$	94,739	$	18,842	$	364	$	1,801,164
Special mention	—		—		3,887		—		19,937		14,302		—		—		38,126
Substandard accrual	—		2,475		—		1,132		29,360		13,132		—		—		46,099
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		—		—		8,249		—		135		—		—		8,384
Total construction and development	$	231,587	$	763,430	$	438,554	$	183,955	$	134,733	$	122,308	$	18,842	$	364	$	1,893,773
Non-construction
Pass	$	1,108,119	$	1,856,346	$	1,402,456	$	999,191	$	762,188	$	2,482,011	$	164,654	$	1,452	$	8,776,417
Special mention	6,621		11,567		27,250		13,324		23,755		48,640		5,000		1,437		137,594
Substandard accrual	—		1,412		5,519		20,916		24,101		77,789		—		—		129,737
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	908		—		25		785		—		6,941		—		—		8,659
Total non-construction	$	1,115,648	$	1,869,325	$	1,435,250	$	1,034,216	$	810,044	$	2,615,381	$	169,654	$	2,889	$	9,052,407
Home equity
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	45	$	93	$	6,438	$	322,726	$	467	$	329,769
Special mention	—		228		64		—		67		1,622		2,893		—		4,874
Substandard accrual	—		—		—		—		—		5,885		1,239		128		7,252
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		—		77		112		17		971		95		91		1,363
Total home equity	$	—	$	228	$	141	$	157	$	177	$	14,916	$	326,953	$	686	$	343,258
Residential real estate
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	2,524	$	5,501	$	9,550	$	18,123	$	133,275	$	—	$	—	$	168,973
Pass	359,397		835,153		796,743		218,433		112,360		177,538		—		—		2,499,624

Special mention	1,186		3,373		1,673		1,343		348		4,991		—		—		12,914
Substandard accrual	919		2,575		1,022		1,059		490		3,924		—		—		9,989
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	103		2,084		3,288		811		2,471		7,346		—		—		16,103
Total residential real estate	$	361,605	$	845,709	$	808,227	$	231,196	$	133,792	$	327,074	$	—	$	—	$	2,707,603
Premium finance receivables - property and casualty
Pass	$	6,433,013	$	133,881	$	19,877	$	3,167	$	135	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	6,590,073
Special mention	98,681		2,574		128		1		—		—		—		—		101,384
Substandard accrual	2,429		2,103		2		—		—		—		—		—		4,534
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	17,359		9,300		91		6		—		—		—		—		26,756
Total premium finance receivables - property and casualty	$	6,551,482	$	147,858	$	20,098	$	3,174	$	135	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	6,722,747
Premium finance receivables - life
Pass	$	268,027	$	637,571	$	868,576	$	1,048,697	$	924,944	$	4,183,993	$	—	$	—	$	7,931,808
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard accrual	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total premium finance receivables - life	$	268,027	$	637,571	$	868,576	$	1,048,697	$	924,944	$	4,183,993	$	—	$	—	$	7,931,808
Consumer and other
Pass	$	3,067	$	1,649	$	958	$	120	$	364	$	21,229	$	41,388	$	—	$	68,775
Special mention	2		15		—		—		—		100		3		—		120
Substandard accrual	—		7		—		—		—		35		10		—		52
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	10		2		4		—		—		—		—		—		16
Total consumer and other	$	3,079	$	1,673	$	962	$	120	$	364	$	21,364	$	41,401	$	—	$	68,963
Total loans
Early buy-out loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	2,524	$	5,501	$	9,550	$	18,123	$	133,275	$	—	$	—	$	168,973
Pass	10,551,479		6,407,567		5,241,014		3,216,387		2,377,985		7,977,092		4,402,588		7,916		40,182,028
Special mention	124,533		65,053		102,912		33,473		60,355		74,795		120,476		2,692		584,289
Substandard accrual	7,031		48,856		25,648		24,516		63,130		138,900		96,580		1,231		405,892
Substandard nonaccrual/doubtful	39,300		15,701		9,769		14,118		8,703		17,003		165		91		104,850
Total loans	$	10,722,343	$	6,539,701	$	5,384,844	$	3,298,044	$	2,528,296	$	8,341,065	$	4,619,809	$	11,930	$	41,446,032
Gross write offs
Three months ended September 30, 2023	$	6,285	$	2,889	$	525	$	35	$	350	$	393	$	—	$	—	$	10,477
Nine months ended September 30, 2023	11,726		8,351		2,774		5,531		5,682		2,280		—		—		36,344

Held-to-maturity debt securities

The Company conducts an assessment of its investment securities, including those classified as held-to-maturity, at the time of purchase and on at least an annual basis to ensure such investment securities remain within appropriate levels of risk and continue to perform satisfactorily in fulfilling its obligations. The Company considers, among other factors, the nature of the securities and credit ratings or financial condition of the issuer. If available, the Company obtains a credit rating for issuers from a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (“NRSRO”) for consideration. If no such rating is available for an issuer, the Company performs an internal rating based on the scale utilized within the loan portfolio as discussed above. For purposes of the table below, the Company has converted any issuer rating from an NRSRO into the Company’s internal ratings based on Investment Policy and review by the Company’s management.

As of September 30, 2023	Year of Origination												Total
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Balance
Amortized Cost Balances:
U.S. government agencies
1-4 internal grade	$	—	$	160,000	$	147,808	$	25,000	$	4,000	$	2,790	$	339,598
5-7 internal grade	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
8-10 internal grade	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total U.S. government agencies	$	—	$	160,000	$	147,808	$	25,000	$	4,000	$	2,790	$	339,598
Municipal
1-4 internal grade	$	4,176	$	1,040	$	6,932	$	259	$	614	$	163,241	$	176,262
5-7 internal grade	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
8-10 internal grade	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total municipal	$	4,176	$	1,040	$	6,932	$	259	$	614	$	163,241	$	176,262
Mortgage-backed securities
1-4 internal grade	$	393,193	$	583,401	$	2,359,360	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,335,954
5-7 internal grade	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
8-10 internal grade	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total mortgage-backed securities	$	393,193	$	583,401	$	2,359,360	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,335,954
Corporate notes
1-4 internal grade	$	—	$	14,965	$	—	$	6,008	$	7,248	$	29,496	$	57,717
5-7 internal grade	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
8-10 internal grade	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total corporate notes	$	—	$	14,965	$	—	$	6,008	$	7,248	$	29,496	$	57,717
Total held-to-maturity securities													$	3,909,531
Less: Allowance for credit losses													(381)
Held-to-maturity securities, net of allowance for credit losses													$	3,909,150

Measurement of Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company's allowance for credit losses consists of the allowance for loan losses, the allowance for unfunded commitment losses and the allowance for held-to-maturity debt security losses. In accordance with ASC 326, the Company measures the allowance for credit losses at the time of origination or purchase of a financial asset, representing an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses on the related asset. When developing its estimate, the Company considers available information relevant to assessing the collectability of cash flows, from both internal and external sources. Historical credit loss experience is one input in the estimation process as well as inputs relevant to current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. In considering past events, the Company considers the relevance, or lack thereof, of historical information due to changes in such things as financial asset underwriting or collection practices, and changes in portfolio mix due to changing business plans and strategies. In considering current conditions and forecasts, the Company considers both the current economic environment and the forecasted direction of the economic environment with emphasis on those factors deemed relevant to or driving changes in expected credit losses. As significant judgment is required, the review of the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses is performed quarterly by various committees with participation by the Company's executive management.

	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2022
Allowance for loan losses	$	315,039	$	270,173	$	246,110
Allowance for unfunded lending-related commitments losses	84,111		87,275		68,918
Allowance for loan losses and unfunded lending-related commitments losses	399,150		357,448		315,028
Allowance for held-to-maturity securities losses	381		488		310
Allowance for credit losses	$	399,531	$	357,936	$	315,338

The allowance for credit losses is measured on a collective or pooled basis when similar risk characteristics exist, based upon the segmentation discussed above. The Company utilizes modeling methodologies that estimate lifetime credit loss rates on each pool, including methodologies estimating the probability of default and loss given default on specific segments. Historical credit loss history is adjusted for reasonable and supportable forecasts developed by the Company on a quantitative or qualitative basis and incorporates third party economic forecasts. Reasonable and supportable forecasts consider the macroeconomic factors that are most relevant to evaluating and predicting expected credit losses in the Company's financial assets. Currently, the Company utilizes an eight quarter forecast period using a single macroeconomic scenario provided by a

third party and reviewed within the Company's governance structure. For periods beyond the ability to develop reasonable and supportable forecasts, the Company reverts to historical loss rates at an input level, straight-line over a four quarter reversion period. Expected credit losses are measured over the contractual term of the financial asset with consideration of expected prepayments. Expected extensions, renewals or modifications of the financial asset are considered when the expected extension, renewal or modification is contained within the existing agreement and is not unconditionally cancelable. The methodologies discussed above are applied to both current asset balances on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition and off-balance sheet commitments (i.e. unfunded lending-related commitments).

Assets that do not share similar risk characteristics with a pool are assessed for the allowance for credit losses on an individual basis. These typically include assets experiencing financial difficulties, including assets rated as substandard nonaccrual and doubtful. If foreclosure is probable or the asset is considered collateral-dependent, expected credit losses are measured based upon the fair value of the underlying collateral adjusted for selling costs, if appropriate. Underlying collateral across the Company's segments consist primarily of real estate, land and construction assets as well as general business assets of the borrower. As of September 30, 2023, excluding loans carried at fair value, substandard nonaccrual loans totaling $28.2 million in carrying balance had no related allowance for credit losses.

The Company does not measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable balances because these balances are written off in a timely manner as a reduction to interest income when assets are placed on nonaccrual status.

Loan portfolios

A summary of activity in the allowance for credit losses, specifically for the loan portfolio (i.e. allowance for loan losses and allowance for unfunded commitment losses), for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 is as follows.

Three months ended September 30, 2023			Commercial Real Estate		Home  Equity		Residential Real Estate		Premium Finance Receivables		Consumer and Other		Total Loans
(In thousands)	Commercial
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	143,142	$	215,696	$	6,967	$	12,252	$	9,046	$	277	$	387,380
Other adjustments	—		—		—		—		(60)		—		(60)
Charge-offs	(2,427)		(1,713)		(227)		(78)		(5,848)		(184)		(10,477)
Recoveries	1,162		243		33		1		906		14		2,359
Provision for credit losses	9,611		1,492		307		484		7,776		278		19,948
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	151,488	$	215,718	$	7,080	$	12,659	$	11,820	$	385	$	399,150
By measurement method:
Individually measured	$	9,773	$	5,408	$	—	$	109	$	—	$	12	$	15,302
Collectively measured	141,715		210,310		7,080		12,550		11,820		373		383,848
Loans at period end
Individually measured	$	43,569	$	17,043	$	1,363	$	15,946	$	—	$	16	$	77,937
Collectively measured	12,681,904		10,929,137		341,895		2,520,479		14,654,555		68,947		41,196,917
Loans held at fair value	—		—		—		171,178		—		—		171,178

Three months ended September 30, 2022	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		Home  Equity		Residential Real Estate		Premium Finance Receivables		Consumer and Other		Total Loans
(In thousands)
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	142,919	$	143,732	$	6,990	$	10,479	$	7,502	$	487	$	312,109
Other adjustments	—		—		—		—		(105)		—		(105)
Charge-offs	(780)		(24)		(43)		(5)		(6,037)		(635)		(7,524)
Recoveries	2,523		55		38		60		1,648		31		4,355
Provision for credit losses	(9,346)		6,955		70		489		7,424		601		6,193
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	135,316	$	150,718	$	7,055	$	11,023	$	10,432	$	484	$	315,028
By measurement method:
Individually measured	$	8,866	$	378	$	71	$	727	$	—	$	1	$	10,043
Collectively measured	126,450		150,340		6,984		10,296		10,432		483		304,985
Loans at period end
Individually measured	$	46,547	$	27,882	$	11,421	$	19,440	$	—	$	75	$	105,365
Collectively measured	12,212,703		9,550,302		317,401		2,059,126		13,718,196		47,627		37,905,355
Loans held at fair value	—		—		—		156,893		—		—		156,893

Nine months ended September 30, 2023			Commercial Real Estate		Home  Equity		Residential Real Estate		Premium Finance Receivables		Consumer and Other		Total Loans
(In thousands)	Commercial
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	142,769	$	184,352	$	7,573	$	11,585	$	10,671	$	498	$	357,448
Cumulative effect adjustment from the adoption of ASU 2016-13	111		1,356		(33)		(692)		—		(1)		741
Other adjustments	—		—		—		—		(15)		—		(15)
Charge-offs	(10,599)		(9,842)		(227)		(78)		(15,151)		(447)		(36,344)
Recoveries	2,059		368		105		11		3,119		69		5,731
Provision for credit losses	17,148		39,484		(338)		1,833		13,196		266		71,589
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	151,488	$	215,718	$	7,080	$	12,659	$	11,820	$	385	$	399,150

Nine months ended September 30, 2022			Commercial Real Estate		Home  Equity		Residential Real Estate		Premium Finance Receivables		Consumer and Other		Total Loans
(In thousands)	Commercial
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period	$	119,307	$	144,583	$	10,699	$	8,782	$	15,859	$	423	$	299,653
Other adjustments	—		—		—		—		(139)		—		(139)
Charge-offs	(11,122)		(841)		(432)		(471)		(10,618)		(1,081)		(24,565)
Recoveries	4,057		640		254		71		4,243		103		9,368
Provision for credit losses	23,074		6,336		(3,466)		2,641		1,087		1,039		30,711
Allowance for credit losses at period end	$	135,316	$	150,718	$	7,055	$	11,023	$	10,432	$	484	$	315,028

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized approximately $19.9 million and $71.6 million of provision for credit losses, respectively, related to loans and lending agreements. The provision for each period was primarily the result of loan growth as well as the Company’s macroeconomic forecasts of key model inputs, most notably, Baa corporate credit spreads and the Commercial Real Estate Pricing Index (“CREPI”). Uncertainties remain regarding expected economic performance and macroeconomic forecasts utilized in the measurement of the allowance for credit losses as of September 30, 2023. Another key driver of provision for credit losses in these portfolios was stable loan risk rating migration. Net charge-offs in the three and nine month periods ending September 30, 2023, totaled $8.1 million and $30.6 million, respectively.

Held-to-maturity debt securities

The allowance for credit losses on the Company’s held-to-maturity debt securities is presented as a reduction to the amortized cost basis of held-to-maturity securities on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition. For the three and nine month period ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized approximately $(25,000) and $(107,000), respectively, of provision for credit losses related to held-to-maturity securities. At September 30, 2023, the Company did not identify any losses within its portfolio that it would deem a credit loss and require additional measurement of an allowance for credit losses.

Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulties

The Company’s approach to restructuring or modifying loans is built on its credit risk rating system, which requires credit management personnel to assign a credit risk rating to each loan. In each case, the loan officer is responsible for recommending a credit risk rating for each loan and ensuring the credit risk ratings are appropriate. These credit risk ratings are then reviewed and approved by the bank’s chief credit officer and/or concurrence credit officer. Credit risk ratings are determined by evaluating a number of factors, including a borrower’s financial strength, cash flow coverage, collateral protection and guarantees. The Company’s credit risk rating scale is one through ten with higher scores indicating higher risk. In the case of loans rated six or worse following modification, the Company’s Managed Assets Division evaluates the loan and the credit risk rating and determines that the loan has been restructured to be reasonably assured of repayment and of performance according to the modified terms and is supported by a current, well-documented credit assessment of the borrower’s financial condition and prospects for repayment under the revised terms. Based on the Company’s credit risk rating system, it considers that borrowers whose credit risk rating is 5 or better are not experiencing financial difficulties.

Restructurings may arise when, due to financial difficulties experienced by the borrower, the Company obtains through physical possession one or more collateral assets in satisfaction of all or part of an existing credit. Once possession is obtained, the Company reclassifies the appropriate portion of the remaining balance of the credit from loans to other real estate owned

(“OREO”), which is included within other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Condition. For any residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan, the Company is considered to possess the related collateral only if legal title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure, or the borrower conveys all interest in the residential real estate property to the Company through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or similar legal agreement. At September 30, 2023, the Company had $441,000 of foreclosed residential real estate properties included within OREO. Further, the recorded investment in residential mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which foreclosure proceedings are in process totaled $55.1 million and $73.1 million at September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The table below presents a summary of the balance immediately following the modification of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:

Three months ended September 30, 2023  (Dollars in thousands)	Total (1)		Percentage of Total Class of Loan		Extension of Term (1)		Reduction of  Interest Rate (1)		Delay in Contractual Payments (1)		Extension of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate (1)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	1,256	0.0	%	$	1,256	$	—	$	—	$	—
Residential real estate	141		0.0		141		—		—		—
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	40		0.0		40		—		—		—
Total loans	$	1,437	0.0	%	$	1,437	$	—	$	—	$	—
Weighted average magnitude of modifications:
Duration of extension of term	16 months

Nine months ended September 30, 2023 (Dollars in thousands)	Total (1)			Percentage of Total Class of Loan		Extension of Term (1)		Reduction of  Interest Rate (1)		Delay in Contractual Payments (1)		Extension of Term and Reduction of Interest Rate (1)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	39,153		0.3	%	$	3,194	$	221	$	35,265	$	473
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	5,709			0.1		467		827		39		4,376
Home equity	203			0.1		203		—		—		—
Residential real estate	2,113			0.1		1,537		271		—		305
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	51			0.0		43		—		—		8
Total loans	$	47,229		0.1	%	$	5,444	$	1,319	$	35,304	$	5,162
Weighted average magnitude of modifications:
Duration of extension of term	33 months
Reduction of interest rate	223		bps
Duration of delayed contractual payment terms	17 months

(1)Balances represent the recorded investment in the loan at the time of the restructuring.

The following table presents a summary of all loans for borrowers experiencing financial difficulties modified during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and such loans that were in payment default under the restructured terms during the respective periods below:

(Dollars in thousands)	As of September 30, 2023		Three Months Ended September 30, 2023		Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Total (2)		Payments in Default  (1)(2)		Payments in Default  (1)(2)
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	$	39,153	$	18,727	$	18,749
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	5,709		95		923
Home equity	203		203		203
Residential real estate	2,113		817		902
Premium finance receivables
Property and casualty insurance loans	51		40		40
Total loans	$	47,229	$	19,882	$	20,817

(1)Modified loans considered to be in payment default are over 30 days past due subsequent to the restructuring.

(2)Balances represent the recorded investment in the loan at the time of the restructuring.

TDRs

Reporting periods prior to the adoption of ASU 2022-02 as of January 1, 2023 present information on loan modifications representing TDRs under the prior accounting standards and related disclosure requirements.

The table below presents a summary of the balance immediately following the modification of loans restructured during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 which represent TDRs:

Three months ended September 30, 2022 (Dollars in thousands)	Total (1)(2)			Extension at Below Market Terms (2)			Reduction of Interest Rate (2)			Modification to  Interest-only Payments (2)			Forgiveness of Debt (2)
	Count	Balance		Count	Balance		Count	Balance		Count	Balance		Count	Balance
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	—
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—		—	—
Residential real estate and other	7	708		7	708		3	435		—	—		—	—
Total loans	7	$	708	7	$	708	3	$	435	—	$	—	—	$	—

Nine months ended September 30, 2022 (Dollars in thousands)	Total (1)(2)			Extension at Below Market Terms (2)			Reduction of Interest Rate (2)			Modification to  Interest-only Payments (2)			Forgiveness of Debt(2)
	Count	Balance		Count	Balance		Count	Balance		Count	Balance		Count	Balance
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	5	$	468	4	$	305	1	$	85	2	$	247	—	$	—
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	2	1,907		1	1,178		1	1,178		2	1,907		—	—
Residential real estate and other	29	3,851		29	3,851		20	3,002		—	—		—	—
Total loans	36	$	6,226	34	$	5,334	22	$	4,265	4	$	2,154	—	$	—

(1)TDRs may have more than one modification representing a concession. As such, TDRs during the period may be represented in more than one of the categories noted above.

(2)Balances represent the recorded investment in the loan at the time of the restructuring.

During the three months ended September 30, 2022, seven loans totaling $708,000 were determined to be TDRs. Of these loans extended at below market terms, the weighted average extension had a term of 42 months for the quarter ended September 30, 2022. Further, the weighted average decrease in the stated interest rate for loans with a reduction of interest rate during the

period was approximately 105 basis points during the three months ended September 30, 2022. Additionally, no principal balances were forgiven during the quarter ended September 30, 2022.

The following table presents a summary of all loans restructured in TDRs during the twelve months ended September 30, 2022 and such loans that were in payment default under the restructured terms during the respective periods below:

(Dollars in thousands)	As of September 30, 2022			Three Months Ended September 30, 2022			Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
	Total (1)(3)			Payments in Default  (2)(3)			Payments in Default  (2)(3)
	Count	Balance		Count	Balance		Count	Balance
Commercial
Commercial, industrial and other	15	$	4,995	10	$	4,469	11	$	4,710
Commercial real estate
Non-construction	2	1,907		—	—		—	—
Residential real estate and other	39	6,310		3	598		3	598
Total loans	56	$	13,212	13	$	5,067	14	$	5,308

(1)Total TDRs represent all loans restructured om TDRs during the previous twelve months from the date indicated.

(2)TDRs considered to be in payment default are over 30 days past due subsequent to the restructuring.

(3)Balances represent the recorded investment in the loan at the time of the restructuring.