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INCOME TAXES
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
INCOME TAXES
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company recorded tax expense (benefit) of $3.6 million and $(3.3) million, respectively, which represents an effective tax rate of (9.1)% and 5.2%, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded a tax expense (benefit) of $0.4 million and $(1.7) million, respectively, which represents an effective tax rate of 17.6% and 15.6%, respectively.
As a result of the Merger, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance against all of its net U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets with the exception of $1.0 million of estimated state net operating losses (“NOL”). The initial recognition of this valuation allowance by the Company was reflected in the acquired identifiable assets and liabilities of BioScrip as of the Merger Date and did not impact the Company’s tax expense (benefit) for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Due to the Company’s valuation allowance position as of the Merger Date, the Company recognized no tax benefit for post-Merger activity for the third quarter ended September 30, 2019.
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets depends on the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences are deductible. The Company considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities (including the effect in available carryback and carryforward periods), projected taxable income, and tax-planning strategies in making this assessment. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates all positive and negative evidence in determining if the valuation allowance is fairly stated.
Based on the Company’s full valuation allowance as noted above, the Company’s tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 of $3.6 million consists of quarterly tax liabilities attributable to specific state tax returns as well as the Company’s deferred tax expense recognized during the third quarter of 2019 prior to the Merger. The Company’s tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 consists of a deferred tax benefit recognized by the Company prior to the establishment of its valuation allowance at the time of the Merger partially offset by estimated state tax liabilities.