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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2012
Income Taxes [Abstract]  
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]
Income Taxes
We are subject to income tax in numerous jurisdictions and the use of estimates is required in determining our provision for income taxes. For the three months ended March 31, 2012 we recorded an income tax provision of $1.0 million. The income tax provision (benefit) is based on the estimated annual effective tax rate for the year applied to “ordinary” income (loss). Ordinary income (loss) is pre-tax income (loss) excluding unusual or infrequently occurring discrete items. The overall estimated annual effective tax rate calculation excludes jurisdictions reporting losses for which no tax benefit is expected to be recognized during the year. A separate estimated annual effective tax rate was calculated for the jurisdictions reporting losses for which no tax benefit can be recognized. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2012 was (8.9) percent, compared with (30.9) percent in the same period last year. The effective rate changes were primarily due to the full valuation allowance on U.S. deferred tax assets and the mix of taxable income (loss) by country.
The effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2012 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35 percent primarily due to the full valuation allowance on U.S. deferred tax assets and the effects of foreign tax rate differential.
We conduct business globally. As a result, we file income tax returns and are subject to examination by taxing authorities in various jurisdictions throughout the world. Our U.S. federal income tax returns for 2004 through 2010 remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The IRS completed its field examination of our U.S. federal income tax returns for the years 2006 through 2008 in the second quarter of 2010. The IRS completed its field examination for the 2009 tax year in the fourth quarter of 2011. We have protested certain IRS positions in both audit cycles and the matters are currently pending in the IRS appeals process. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to examination by foreign tax jurisdictions or state and city tax jurisdictions for years before 2005. In the event that we have determined not to file tax returns with a particular state or city, all years remain subject to examination by the tax jurisdiction.
We accrue for the effects of uncertain tax positions and the related potential penalties and interest. There were no material adjustments to our recorded unrecognized tax benefits during the three months ended March 31, 2012. Our liability related to uncertain tax positions, which includes interest and penalties, was $17.5 million and $17.6 million as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. It is reasonably possible that the amount of the unrecognized tax benefit with respect to certain of our unrecognized tax positions will increase or decrease during the next twelve months.
Taxes collected from customers that were included in revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 were $4.0 million and $5.0 million, respectively.