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INCOME TAXES
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
INCOME TAXES [ABSTRACT]  
INCOME TAXES

(8)INCOME TAXES

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with the accounting literature for income taxes, which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future income tax consequences of transactions that have been included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Quarterly, the Company assesses the likelihood that its net deferred tax assets will be recovered. Based on the weight of all available evidence, both positive and negative, the Company records a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets when it is more-likely-than-not that a future tax benefit will not be realized. The Company’s selection of an accounting policy with respect to both the global intangible low taxed foreign income (“GILTI”) and base erosion and anti-abut tax (“BEAT”) rules is to compute the related taxes in the period the entity becomes subject to either GILTI or BEAT.

As of September 30, 2019, the Company had $12.1 million of gross deferred tax assets (after a $15.7 million valuation allowance) and net deferred tax assets (after deferred tax liabilities) of $2.2 million related to the United States and international tax jurisdictions whose recoverability is dependent upon future profitability.

The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was 20.6% and 27.0%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was 21.9% and 19.7%, respectively.

The Company’s U.S. income tax returns filed for the tax years ending December 31, 2016 to present, remain open tax years. The Company has been notified of the intent to audit, or is currently under audit of, income taxes for Canada for tax years 2009 and 2010, the Philippines for tax years 2015, 2017 and 2018, Canada GST for tax years 2014 through 2018, the state of Arkansas in the United States for tax years 2015 through 2017, and the state of New York in the United States for tax years 2015 through 2017. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company closed an audit with the country of Belgium for tax years 2016 and 2017 with no material changes. During the second quarter of 2019, the Company closed an audit with the state of Minnesota in the United States for tax years 2014 through 2016 with no material changes. During the third quarter of 2018, the Company closed an audit in Ireland for the year 2016 with no material changes.  In the first quarter of 2019, the Company received a report of initial deficiency tax findings from the Philippines Bureau of Internal Revenue (“BIR”) related to the 2015 tax year. During the third quarter 2019, the Company was able to fully settle this audit for an immaterial amount and is currently awaiting the final issuance of the audit determination letter from the BIR. Although the outcome of examinations by taxing authorities are always uncertain, it is the opinion of management that the resolution of these audits will not have a material effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

When there is a change in judgment concerning the recovery of deferred tax assets in future periods, a valuation allowance is recorded into earnings during the quarter in which the change in judgment occurred. In the second quarter of 2019 a change to the valuation allowance was recorded in the amount of $2.3 million for deferred tax assets that do not meet the “more-likely-than-not” standard.

The Company has been granted “Tax Holidays” as an incentive to attract foreign investment by the government of the Philippines. Generally, a Tax Holiday is an agreement between the Company and a foreign government under which the Company receives certain tax benefits in that country, such as exemption from taxation on profits derived from export-related activities. In the Philippines, the Company has been granted multiple agreements with an initial period of four years and additional periods for varying years, expiring at various times between 2019 and 2020. The aggregate effect on income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $2.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively, which had a favorable impact on diluted net income per share of $0.05 and $0.04, respectively. The aggregate effect on income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $6.4 million and $5.7 million, respectively, which had a favorable impact on diluted net income per share of $0.14 and $0.12, respectively.