10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

            For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

OR

☐ Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File Number: 1-11859

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Massachusetts	04-2787865
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)
One Rogers Street, Cambridge, MA	02142-1209
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(617) 374-9600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes  ☒        No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes  ☒        No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  ☐      No  ☒

There were 78,700,651 shares of the Registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding on November 1, 2018.

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September  30, 2018 and December 31, 2017		3
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017		4
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017		5
Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017		6
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		7
Item  2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		19
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		26
Item 4. Controls and Procedures		27
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A. Risk Factors		28
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		28
Item 6. Exhibits		28
Signature		29

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.         UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS⁽¹⁾

(in thousands)

	September 30,       2018		December 31,   2017
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	106,195	$	162,279
Marketable securities		99,782		61,469
Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities		205,977		223,748
Accounts receivable		150,733		222,735
Unbilled receivables		155,964		158,898
Other current assets		73,464		41,135
Total current assets		586,138		646,516
Long-term unbilled receivables		168,929		160,708
Goodwill		72,897		72,952
Other long-term assets		134,679		131,391
Total assets	$	962,643	$	1,011,567
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	12,926	$	17,370
Accrued expenses		39,829		45,508
Accrued compensation and related expenses		71,318		66,040
Deferred revenue		158,178		166,297
Total current liabilities		282,251		295,215
Deferred income tax liabilities		36,166		38,463
Other long-term liabilities		23,371		23,652
Total liabilities		341,788		357,330
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, 1,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding		—		—
Common stock, 200,000 shares authorized; 78,816 and 78,081 shares issued and outstanding at   September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively		788		781
Additional paid-in capital		135,132		152,097
Retained earnings		496,815		508,051
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(11,880)		(6,692)
Total stockholders’ equity		620,855		654,237
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	962,643	$	1,011,567

⁽¹⁾  On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. “New Accounting Pronouncements” for additional information.

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS⁽¹⁾

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Revenue
Software license	$	52,342	$	53,234	$	184,899	$	231,392
Maintenance		66,017		61,812		196,448		179,949
Services		84,904		75,911		253,877		222,521
Total revenue		203,263		190,957		635,224		633,862
Cost of revenue
Software license		1,255		1,276		3,772		3,826
Maintenance		6,079		6,716		18,035		20,945
Services		67,089		61,739		202,047		180,925
Total cost of revenue		74,423		69,731		223,854		205,696
Gross profit		128,840		121,226		411,370		428,166
Operating expenses
Selling and marketing		87,490		69,363		269,845		214,244
Research and development		46,504		41,031		135,261		121,089
General and administrative		12,104		13,133		38,749		38,174
Total operating expenses		146,098		123,527		443,855		373,507
(Loss) income from operations		(17,258)		(2,301)		(32,485)		54,659
Foreign currency transaction gain (loss)		399		(5,052)		558		(6,549)
Interest income, net		683		140		2,076		547
Other income, net		—		—		363		287
(Loss) income before benefit from income taxes		(16,176)		(7,213)		(29,488)		48,944
Benefit from income taxes		(8,589)		(8,501)		(23,692)		(9,009)
Net (loss) income	$	(7,587)	$	1,288	$	(5,796)	$	57,953
(Loss) earnings per share
Basic	$	(0.10)	$	0.01	$	(0.07)	$	0.75
Diluted	$	(0.10)	$	0.01	$	(0.07)	$	0.70
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding
Basic		78,700		77,691		78,525		77,258
Diluted		78,700		83,323		78,525		82,717
Cash dividends declared per share	$	0.03	$	0.03	$	0.09	$	0.09

⁽¹⁾  On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. “New Accounting Pronouncements” for additional information.

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME⁽¹⁾

(in thousands)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Net (loss) income	$	(7,587)	$	1,288	$	(5,796)	$	57,953
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax		(162)		22		(277)		148
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(1,934)		2,576		(4,911)		8,848
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax		(2,096)		2,598		(5,188)		8,996
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(9,683)	$	3,886	$	(10,984)	$	66,949

⁽¹⁾  On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. “New Accounting Pronouncements” for additional information.

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS⁽¹⁾

(in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
Operating activities:
Net (loss) income	$	(5,796)	$	57,953
Adjustment to reconcile net (loss) income to cash provided by operating activities:
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net		8,698		(15,455)
Stock-based compensation expense		47,573		39,929
Amortization of intangible assets and depreciation		18,692		18,703
Other non-cash		(2,079)		12,796
Cash provided by operating activities		67,088		113,926
Investing activities:
Purchases of investments		(68,177)		(25,687)
Proceeds from maturities and called investments		26,456		23,124
Other		(7,874)		(9,403)
Cash used in investing activities		(49,595)		(11,966)
Financing activities:
Dividend payments to shareholders		(7,067)		(6,941)
Common stock repurchases		(64,597)		(37,099)
Cash used in financing activities		(71,664)		(44,040)
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		(1,913)		2,054
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents		(56,084)		59,974
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		162,279		70,594
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	106,195	$	130,568

⁽¹⁾  On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. “New Accounting Pronouncements” for additional information.

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Pegasystems Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “the Company”) has prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S.”) for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

In the opinion of management, the Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements on the same basis as its audited financial statements, and these financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods presented.

The operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year 2018.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” using the full retrospective method which required that each prior reporting period presented be adjusted to reflect the application of this ASU. See Note 2. “New Accounting Pronouncements” for additional information.

2. NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Financial instruments

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost, including accounts receivable, upon initial recognition of that financial asset using a forward-looking expected loss model, rather than an incurred loss model. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses when the fair value is below the amortized cost of the asset, removing the concept of “other-than-temporary” impairments. The effective date for the Company will be January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheets, recognizing a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The effective date for the Company will be January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects that most of its operating lease commitments will be subject to this ASU and recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption with a material impact to the Company’s balance sheet but an immaterial impact to its results of operations and cash flows. The Company expects to elect the optional transition method to apply the new lease standard prospectively at the adoption date, as opposed to recasting prior reporting periods. As a result, the Company expects to recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption.

ASC 606 and ASC 340-40

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform.

The most significant adoption impacts were as follows:

• Perpetual licenses with extended payment terms and term licenses - Revenue from perpetual licenses with extended payment terms and term licenses is now recognized when control is transferred to the client, which is defined as the point in time when the client can use and benefit from the license. Previously, the Company recognized revenue over the term of the agreements as payments became due or earlier if prepaid. Any unrecognized license revenue from these arrangements is recognized in the period that control transfers or as a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings as of December 31, 2015. Unbilled receivables in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets increased significantly upon adoption due to the revenue from term licenses being recognized prior to amounts being due, or prepaid, by clients and perpetual licenses with extended payment terms.

• Allocation of future credits and significant discounts - Perpetual or term licenses delivered are a separate performance obligation which now requires the Company to allocate any future credits and discounts to the performance obligations in the arrangement based upon their relative stand-alone selling prices.

7

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

• Deferred contract costs - Sales incentive programs and other incremental costs to obtain a contract were previously expensed when incurred. ASC 340-40 requires these costs be recognized as an asset when incurred and expensed over the period of expected benefit, which is on average five years. This change primarily impacts the Company’s contracts related to multi-year cloud offerings, maintenance on term and perpetual licenses, and long-term term and perpetual licenses with client usage rights that increase over time.

• Taxes - The corresponding effect on tax balances of the above impacts has also been recognized.

For additional information on the Company’s accounting policies as a result of the adoption of ASC 606 and ASC 340-40 see Note 4. “Receivables, Contract Assets, and Deferred Revenue”, Note 5. “Deferred Contract Costs”, and Note 9. “Revenue”.

The impact of the adoption of ASC 606 and ASC 340-40 on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet and unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations is:

	December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Previously reported		Adjustments		As adjusted
Assets
Accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and contract assets	$	248,331	$	134,216	$	382,547
Long-term unbilled receivables		—		160,708		160,708
Deferred income taxes		57,127		(42,887)		14,240
Deferred contract costs		—		37,924		37,924
Other assets(1)		416,148		—		416,148
Total assets	$	721,606	$	289,961	$	1,011,567
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Deferred revenue	$	195,073	$	(28,776)	$	166,297
Long-term deferred revenue		6,591		(2,885)		3,706
Deferred income tax liabilities		—		38,463		38,463
Other liabilities(2)		148,864		—		148,864
Total liabilities		350,528		6,802		357,330
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(3,494)		(2,966)		(6,460)
Retained earnings		221,926		286,125		508,051
Other equity(3)		152,646		—		152,646
Total stockholders’ equity		371,078		283,159		654,237
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	721,606	$	289,961	$	1,011,567

⁽¹⁾  Includes cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, income taxes receivable, other current assets, property and equipment, intangible assets, goodwill, and other long-term assets (as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).

⁽²⁾  Includes accounts payable, accrued expenses, accrued compensation and related expenses, income taxes payable, and other long-term liabilities (as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).

⁽³⁾ Includes common stock, additional paid-in capital, and net unrealized loss on available-for-sale marketable securities (as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).

8

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

	September 30, 2017
	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	Previously   Reported		Adjustments		As Adjusted		Previously   Reported		Adjustments		As Adjusted
Revenue:
Software license	$	41,793	$	11,441	$	53,234	$	195,220	$	36,172	$	231,392
Maintenance		62,204		(392)		61,812		180,759		(810)		179,949
Services		75,818		93		75,911		225,063		(2,542)		222,521
Total revenue		179,815		11,142		190,957		601,042		32,820		633,862
Cost of revenue:
Software license		1,276		—		1,276		3,826		—		3,826
Maintenance		6,716		—		6,716		20,945		—		20,945
Services		61,739		—		61,739		180,925		—		180,925
Total cost of revenue		69,731		—		69,731		205,696		—		205,696
Gross profit		110,084		11,142		121,226		395,346		32,820		428,166
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing		70,209		(846)		69,363		217,384		(3,140)		214,244
Research and development		41,031		—		41,031		121,089		—		121,089
General and administrative		13,133		—		13,133		38,174		—		38,174
Total operating expenses		124,373		(846)		123,527		376,647		(3,140)		373,507
(Loss) income from operations		(14,289)		11,988		(2,301)		18,699		35,960		54,659
Foreign currency transaction loss		(552)		(4,500)		(5,052)		(793)		(5,756)		(6,549)
Interest income, net		144		(4)		140		470		77		547
Other income, net		—		—		—		287		—		287
(Loss) income before benefit from income taxes		(14,697)		7,484		(7,213)		18,663		30,281		48,944
Benefit from income taxes		(12,885)		4,384		(8,501)		(17,952)		8,943		(9,009)
Net (loss) income	$	(1,812)	$	3,100	$	1,288	$	36,615	$	21,338	$	57,953
(Loss) earnings per share:
Basic	$	(0.03)			$	0.01	$	0.47			$	0.75
Diluted	$	(0.03)			$	0.01	$	0.44			$	0.70
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic		77,691				77,691		77,258				77,258
Diluted		77,691				83,323		82,717				82,717

Adoption of ASC 606 and ASC 340-40 did not change the Company’s total cash provided by or used in operating, financing, or investing activities in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

3. MARKETABLE SECURITIES

	September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Municipal bonds	$	46,633	$	—	$	(267)	$	46,366
Corporate bonds		53,738		1		(323)		53,416
	$	100,371	$	1	$	(590)	$	99,782

	December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Municipal bonds	$	32,996	$	—	$	(148)	$	32,848
Corporate bonds		28,757		1		(137)		28,621
	$	61,753	$	1	$	(285)	$	61,469

As of September 30, 2018, the Company did not hold any investments with unrealized losses that are considered to be other-than-temporary.

9

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

As of September 30, 2018, remaining maturities of marketable securities ranged from October 2018 to August 2021, with a weighted-average remaining maturity of approximately 1.5 years.

4. RECEIVABLES, CONTRACT ASSETS, AND DEFERRED REVENUE

Receivables

(in thousands)	September 30,         2018		December 31,         2017
Accounts receivable	$	150,733	$	222,735
Unbilled receivables		155,964		158,898
Long-term unbilled receivables		168,929		160,708
	$	475,626	$	542,341

Unbilled receivables are the amounts due from clients where the only condition to the right of payment is the passage of time. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the allowance for doubtful accounts was not material.

Unbilled receivables are expected to be billed in the future as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30,         2018
1 Year or Less	$	155,964	48%
1-2 Years		89,177	27%
2-5 Years		79,752	25%
	$	324,893	100%

Contract assets and deferred revenue

(in thousands)	September 30,         2018		December 31,         2017
Contract assets(1)	$	2,888	$	914
Long-term contract assets(2)		1,581		—
	$	4,469	$	914
Deferred revenue	$	158,178	$	166,297
Long-term deferred revenue(3)		5,840		3,706
	$	164,018	$	170,003

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other current assets.

  ⁽²⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

  ⁽³⁾ Included in other long-term liabilities.

Contract assets are amounts under client contracts where revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the client and the right to payment is subject to conditions other than the passage of time, such as the completion of a related performance obligation. Deferred revenue consists of billings and payments received in advance of revenue recognition. Contract assets and deferred revenue are netted at the contract level for each reporting period.

The change in deferred revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to $225.1 million of revenue recognized, excluding the impact of netting contract assets and deferred revenue at the contract level, during the period that was included in deferred revenue at December 31, 2017, partially offset by new billings in advance of revenue recognition.

Major clients

No client represented 10% or more of the Company’s total receivables as of September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

5. DEFERRED CONTRACT COSTS

The Company recognizes an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a client if the Company expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. Deferred costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the benefit period, which is on average five years.

(in thousands)	September 30,     2018		December 31,     2017
Deferred contract costs(1)	$	50,799	$	37,924

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

10

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Amortization of deferred contract costs was as follows:

	Three Months Ended         September 30,				Nine Months Ended         September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Amortization of deferred contract costs(1)	$	4,208	$	3,034	$	11,806	$	8,529

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in selling and marketing expenses.

6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill was as follows:

(in thousands)	Nine Months Ended              September 30,
	2018
Balance as of January 1,	$	72,952
Currency translation adjustments		(55)
Balance as of September 30,	$	72,897

Intangibles

Intangible assets are recorded at cost and amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives as follows:

			September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Useful Lives		Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value(1)
Client-related intangibles		4-10 years	$	63,136	$	(49,633)	$	13,503
Technology		3-10 years		58,942		(49,067)		9,875
Other		1-5 years		5,361		(5,361)		—
			$	127,439	$	(104,061)	$	23,378

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

			December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Useful Lives		Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value(1)
Client-related intangibles		4-10 years	$	63,164	$	(44,835)	$	18,329
Technology		3-10 years		58,942		(45,372)		13,570
Other		1-5 years		5,361		(5,361)		—
			$	127,467	$	(95,568)	$	31,899

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

Amortization of intangible assets was as follows:

	Three Months Ended              September 30,				Nine Months Ended              September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Cost of revenue	$	1,232	$	1,232	$	3,695	$	3,871
Selling and marketing		1,603		1,873		4,813		5,608
	$	2,835	$	3,105	$	8,508	$	9,479

11

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

7. ACCRUED EXPENSES

(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Outside professional services	$	11,638	$	14,468
Income and other taxes		3,971		7,420
Marketing and sales program expenses		4,623		6,444
Dividends payable		2,365		2,344
Employee-related expenses		5,212		4,065
Other		12,020		10,767
	$	39,829	$	45,508

8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The Company records its cash equivalents, marketable securities, and investments in privately-held companies at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

As a basis for classifying the fair value measurements, a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which classifies the fair value measurements based on the inputs used in measuring fair value, was established as follows:

• Level 1 - observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

• Level 2 - significant other inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

• Level 3 - significant unobservable inputs on which there is little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions. This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value.

The Company’s cash equivalents are composed of money market funds and time deposits, which are classified within Level 1 and Level 2, respectively, in the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s marketable securities, which are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are valued based on a market approach using quoted prices, when available, or matrix pricing compiled by third party pricing vendors, using observable market inputs such as interest rates, yield curves, and credit risk. The Company’s investments in privately-held companies are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and are valued using model-based techniques, including option pricing models and discounted cash flow models.

If applicable, the Company will recognize transfers into and out of levels within the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period in which the actual event or change in circumstance occurs. There were no transfers between levels during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

	September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	10,212	$	15,212	$	—	$	25,424
Marketable securities:
Municipal bonds	$	—	$	46,366	$	—	$	46,366
Corporate bonds		—		53,416		—		53,416
Total marketable securities	$	—	$	99,782	$	—	$	99,782
Investments in privately-held companies(1)	$	—	$	—	$	2,890	$	2,890

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

12

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

	December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	2,720	$	40,051	$	—	$	42,771
Marketable securities:
Municipal bonds	$	—	$	32,848	$	—	$	32,848
Corporate bonds		—		28,621		—		28,621
Total marketable securities	$	—	$	61,469	$	—	$	61,469
Investments in privately-held companies(1)	$	—	$	—	$	1,030	$	1,030

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

For certain other financial instruments, including accounts receivable and accounts payable, the carrying value approximates fair value due to the relatively short maturity of these items.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

Assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including property and equipment and intangible assets, are recognized at fair value when they are impaired. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not recognize any impairments of its assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

9. REVENUE

Revenue policy

The Company’s revenue is primarily derived from:

• Software license revenue is primarily derived from sales of the Company’s Pega Platform and software applications.

• Maintenance revenue includes revenue from client support including software upgrades on a when and-if available basis, telephone support, and bug fixes or patches.

• Services revenue is primarily derived from cloud revenue, which is sales of the Company’s hosted Pega Platform and software applications, and consulting revenue, which is primarily related to new license implementations.

Contracts with multiple performance obligations

The Company’s license and cloud arrangements often contain multiple performance obligations. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. If the transaction price contains discounts or the Company expects to provide a future price concession, these elements are considered when determining the transaction price prior to allocation. Variable fees within the transaction price are estimated and recognized in revenue as the Company satisfies each performance obligation to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable fee is resolved. If the contract grants the client the option to acquire additional products or services, the Company assesses whether any discount on the included products and services is in excess of levels normally available to similar clients and, if so, accounts for that discount as an additional performance obligation.

Software licenses

The Company has concluded that its software licenses are distinct performance obligations, as the client can benefit from the software on its own. Software license revenue is typically recognized at a point in time when control is transferred to the client, which is defined as the point in time when the client can use and benefit from the license. The software license is delivered before related services are provided and is functional without services, updates, and technical support.

Stand-alone selling price for software licenses is determined using the residual approach. The Company utilizes the residual approach as license performance obligations are sold for a broad range of amounts (the selling price is highly variable) and a stand-alone selling price is not discernible from past transactions or other observable evidence. Periodically, the Company reevaluates whether the residual approach is appropriate for its license performance obligations when sold with other performance obligations. If the standalone selling price analysis illustrates that software license performance obligations are no longer highly variable, the Company will utilize the relative allocation method for such arrangements.

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PEGASYSTEMS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Term license fees are usually payable in advance on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis over the term of the license agreement, which is typically three to five years and may be renewed for additional terms at the client’s option. Perpetual license fees are usually payable when the contract is executed.

Maintenance

Maintenance contracts entitle clients to receive technical support and software updates, on a when and if available basis, during the term of the maintenance contract. Technical support and software updates are considered distinct services but accounted for as a single performance obligation, as they each constitute a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the client. Maintenance revenue is recognized over time on a straight-line basis over the contract period.

The maintenance performance obligation is priced as a percentage of the selling price of the related software license, which is highly variable. The Company determined the standalone selling price based on this pricing relationship, which has remained constant within a narrow range, and observable data from standalone sales of maintenance, along with all other observable data.

Maintenance fees are usually payable in advance on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis over the term of the agreement.

Services

Services revenue is comprised of consulting, including software license implementations, training, reimbursable expenses, and cloud, which is derived from sales of the Company’s hosted Pega Platform and software application environments. The Company has concluded that most services are distinct performance obligations. Consulting may be provided on a stand-alone basis or bundled with other performance obligations.

• The stand-alone selling price for time and materials consulting is determined by observable prices in similar transactions without multiple performance obligations and recognized as revenue as the services are performed. Fees for time and materials consulting contracts are usually payable shortly after the service is provided.

• The stand-alone selling price for fixed price consulting is based on the estimated hours versus actual hours in similar geographies and for similar contract sizes. Revenue for fixed price consulting is recognized over time as the services are provided. Fees for fixed price consulting are usually payable as contract milestones are achieved.

• The stand-alone selling price of cloud sales of production environments is determined based on the residual approach when sold with other performance obligations and is recognized over the term of the service. The Company utilizes the residual approach as cloud performance obligations are sold for a broad range of amounts (the selling price is highly variable) and a stand-alone selling price is not discernible from past transactions or other observable evidence. Cloud fees for production environments are usually payable in advance on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis over the term of the service.

• The stand-alone selling price for cloud sales of development and testing environments is developed using observable prices in similar transactions without multiple performance obligations and is recognized over the term of the service. Cloud fees for development and testing environments are usually payable in advance on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis over the term of the service.

Contract modifications

The Company enters into amendments to previously executed contracts which constitute contract modifications. The Company assesses each of these contract modifications to determine:

1. if the additional products and services are distinct from the products and services in the original arrangement, and

2. if the amount of consideration expected for the added products and services reflects the stand-alone selling price of those products and services.

A contract modification meeting both criteria is accounted for as a separate contract. A contract modification not meeting both criteria is considered a change to the original contract and is accounted for on either:

1. a prospective basis as a termination of the existing contract and the creation of a new contract; or

2. a cumulative catch-up basis.

14

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Geographic revenue

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017			2018			2017
U.S.	$	103,075	51%	$	105,059	55%	$	327,409	51%	$	376,819	59%
Other Americas		10,424	5%		9,307	5%		37,766	6%		32,890	5%
United Kingdom (“U.K.”)		19,277	9%		18,537	10%		68,450	11%		67,403	11%
Europe (excluding U.K.), Middle East, and Africa		42,254	21%		31,109	16%		101,150	16%		81,557	13%
Asia-Pacific		28,233	14%		26,945	14%		100,449	16%		75,193	12%
Total revenue	$	203,263	100%	$	190,957	100%	$	635,224	100%	$	633,862	100%

Revenue streams

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Perpetual license	$	20,276	$	12,623	$	56,829	$	81,819
Term license		32,066		40,611		128,070		149,573
Revenue recognized at a point in time		52,342		53,234		184,899		231,392
Maintenance		66,017		61,812		196,448		179,949
Cloud		22,184		13,280		57,967		36,207
Consulting		62,720		62,631		195,910		186,314
Revenue recognized over time		150,921		137,723		450,325		402,470
Total revenue	$	203,263	$	190,957	$	635,224	$	633,862
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Term license	$	32,066	$	40,611	$	128,070	$	149,573
Cloud		22,184		13,280		57,967		36,207
Maintenance		66,017		61,812		196,448		179,949
Subscription(1)		120,267		115,703		382,485		365,729
Perpetual license		20,276		12,623		56,829		81,819
Consulting		62,720		62,631		195,910		186,314
Total revenue	$	203,263	$	190,957	$	635,224	$	633,862

  ⁽¹⁾ Subscription revenue reflects client arrangements (term license, cloud, and maintenance) which may be subject to a renewal.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, there were no material changes in the Company’s estimate of variable fees.

Remaining performance obligations (formerly reported as “committed not yet recognized revenue”)

Revenue for the remaining performance obligations on existing contracts is expected to be recognized in the future as follows:

	September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Perpetual license		Term license		Maintenance		Cloud		Consulting		Total
1 year or less	$	25,343	$	44,283	$	140,591	$	88,529	$	14,107	$	312,853	60%
1-2 years		6,490		10,063		8,877		70,815		1,830		98,075	19%
2-3 years		360		1,598		2,586		54,646		449		59,639	11%
Greater than 3 years		1,306		218		1,079		49,110		50		51,763	10%
	$	33,499	$	56,162	$	153,133	$	263,100	$	16,436	$	522,330	100%

15

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Major clients

Clients accounting for 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue were as follows:

	Three Months Ended              September 30,				Nine Months Ended              September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Total revenue	$	203,263	$	190,957	$	635,224	$	633,862
Client A		10%		10%		*		*

  *Client accounted for less than 10% of total revenue.

10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Expense

	Three Months Ended                  September 30,				Nine Months Ended                  September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Cost of revenues	$	4,319	$	3,613	$	12,277	$	10,913
Selling and marketing		6,198		3,976		16,895		11,482
Research and development		3,917		3,420		11,356		10,306
General and administrative		1,974		2,480		7,045		7,228
	$	16,408	$	13,489	$	47,573	$	39,929
Income tax benefit	$	(3,555)	$	(4,129)	$	(10,037)	$	(12,231)

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation using the accelerated recognition method, treating each vesting tranche as if it were an individual grant. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had, net of estimated forfeitures, $74.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, related to all unvested restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and stock options, which was expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.2 years.

Grants

The Company granted the following stock-based compensation awards:

	Nine Months Ended              September 30,
(in thousands)	Shares		Total Fair Value
RSUs(1)		1,117	$	65,569
Non-qualified stock options		1,623	$	29,372

⁽¹⁾  Includes approximately 0.1 million RSUs which were granted in connection with the election by certain employees to receive 50% of their 2018 target incentive compensation under the Company’s Corporate Incentive Compensation Plan in the form of RSUs instead of cash. Stock-based compensation of approximately $8.2 million associated with this RSU grant is expected to be recognized over a one-year period beginning on the grant date.

RSU vestings and stock option exercises

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, 1.2 million shares of common stock were issued due to stock option exercises and RSU vestings under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans.

11. INCOME TAXES

Effective income tax rate

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017
Benefit from income taxes	$	(23,692	)	$	(9,009	)
Effective income tax rate		80	%		(18	)%

16

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company’s effective income tax rate changed primarily due to the following factors:

• excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation were disproportionately greater than the (loss) income before benefit from income taxes;

• a decrease in the estimated annual effective income tax rate primarily due to the reduction of the U.S. statutory federal tax rate from 35% to 21% pursuant to the Tax Reform Act;

• an increase in utilization of U.S. research and development tax credits; and

• a decrease in uncertain tax provisions as a result of the settlement of a foreign tax audit for 2012 through 2015.

Tax reform act

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Reform Act”) was enacted into law, which significantly changed U.S. tax law and included many provisions, such as a reduction of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate, a one-time transition tax on deemed repatriation of deferred foreign earnings, and a provision to tax global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) of foreign subsidiaries, a special tax deduction for foreign derived intangible income, and a base erosion anti-abuse tax measure (“BEAT”) that may tax payments between a U.S. corporation and its foreign subsidiaries, among other tax changes.

In the three months ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized, under SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”), provisional income taxes, including $20.4 million of income tax expense to re-measure its net deferred tax assets to the 21% enacted rate. Also, during the same period, the Company reduced its provisional income taxes by a $12.6 million income tax benefit as a result of the remeasurement of its net deferred tax liabilities under the retrospective adoption of ASC 606.

The final income tax amounts may differ from those provisional amounts, possibly materially, due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions by the Company, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and actions the Company may take as a result of the Tax Reform Act.

The Tax Reform Act also provided for a one-time deemed mandatory repatriation of post-1986 undistributed foreign subsidiary earnings and profits through December 31, 2017. However, based on the Company’s provisional analysis performed as of that date, the Company does not expect to be subject to the one-time transition tax due to the Company’s foreign subsidiaries being in a net accumulated deficit position. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized no material adjustments to these estimates.

The Tax Reform Act provides the following new anti-abuse provisions beginning in 2018:

• The GILTI provisions require the Company to include in its U.S. income tax base foreign subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return on the foreign subsidiary’s tangible assets. The Company expects that it will be subject to incremental U.S. tax resulting from GILTI inclusions beginning in 2018. As of September 30, 2018, the Company has included an estimate of the effect of its GILTI provisions in its estimated annual effective tax rate. The Company continues to monitor IRS guidance and will update its estimates as guidance is issued.

• The BEAT provisions in the Tax Reform Act impose an alternative minimum tax on taxpayers with substantial base-erosion payments. The Company’s preliminary assessment is that the Company will not be subject to the BEAT in 2018. The Company continues to monitor IRS guidance and will update its estimates as guidance is issued.

12. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period, plus the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and RSUs, using the treasury stock method. In periods of loss, all stock options and RSUs are excluded, as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

17

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows:

	Three Months Ended           September 30,				Nine Months Ended           September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Basic
Net (loss) income	$	(7,587)	$	1,288	$	(5,796)	$	57,953
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		78,700		77,691		78,525		77,258
(Loss) earnings per share, basic	$	(0.10)	$	0.01	$	(0.07)	$	0.75
Diluted
Net (loss) income	$	(7,587)	$	1,288	$	(5,796)	$	57,953
Weighted-average effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options		—		3,681		—		3,519
RSUs		—		1,951		—		1,940
Effect of dilutive securities		—		5,632		—		5,459
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution		78,700		83,323		78,525		82,717
(Loss) earnings per share, diluted	$	(0.10)	$	0.01	$	(0.07)	$	0.70
Outstanding anti-dilutive stock options and RSUs(1)		6,119		105		6,380		219

⁽¹⁾  Certain outstanding stock options and RSUs were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive in the period presented. These awards may be dilutive in the future.

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ITEM 2.             MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains or incorporates forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our future financial performance and business plans, the adequacy of our liquidity and capital resources, the continued payment of quarterly dividends, and the timing of revenue recognition are described more completely in Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industry and markets in which we operate, and management’s beliefs and assumptions. In addition, other written or oral statements that constitute forward-looking statements may be made by us or on our behalf. Words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “may,” “target,” “strategy,” “is intended to,” “project,” “guidance,” “likely,” “usually,” or variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements.

These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Important factors that could cause actual future activities and results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements include, among others, variation in demand for our products and services; reliance on third party relationships; our beliefs and the timing of the completion of our analysis regarding the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, including its impact on income tax expense and deferred tax assets; the inherent risks associated with international operations and the continued uncertainties in the global economy; our continued effort to market and sell both domestically and internationally; foreign currency exchange rates; the financial impact of any future acquisitions; the potential legal and financial liabilities and reputation damage due to cyber-attacks and security breaches; and management of our growth. These risks and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements are described more completely in Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 as well as other filings we make with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements and there are no assurances that the results contained in such statements will be achieved. Although subsequent events may cause our view to change, except as required by applicable law, we do not undertake and specifically disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise these forward-looking statements whether as the result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

We develop, market, license, and support software applications for customer engagement and digital process automation, in addition to licensing our Pega Platform application development product for clients that wish to build and extend their own applications. The Pega Platform and applications help connect enterprises to their customers in real-time across channels, streamline business operations, and adapt to meet changing requirements.

Our clients include Global 3000 companies and government agencies that seek to manage complex enterprise systems and customer service issues with greater agility and cost-effectiveness. Our strategy is to sell a client a series of licenses, each focused on a specific purpose or area of operations in support of longer term enterprise-wide digital transformation initiatives.

Performance metrics

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		Change			2018		2017		Change
Total revenue	$	203,263	$	190,957	$	12,306	6%	$	635,224	$	633,862	$	1,362	—%
Subscription(1)	$	120,267	$	115,703	$	4,564	4%	$	382,485	$	365,729	$	16,756	5%
Net (loss) income	$	(7,587)	$	1,288	$	(8,875)	*	$	(5,796)	$	57,953	$	(63,749)	*
Diluted (loss) earnings per share	$	(0.10)	$	0.01	$	(0.11)	*	$	(0.07)	$	0.70	$	(0.77)	*

* not meaningful

⁽¹⁾  Subscription revenue reflects client arrangements (term license, cloud, and maintenance) which may be subject to a renewal.

19

Annual Contract Value (“ACV”)⁽¹⁾

The change in ACV measures the growth and predictability of future cash flows from committed term, cloud, and maintenance arrangements as of the end of the particular reporting period.

	September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018		2017		Change
Term and cloud ACV	$	272,693	$	200,180	$	72,513	36%
Maintenance ACV		264,068		247,248		16,820	7%
Total ACV	$	536,761	$	447,428	$	89,333	20%

⁽¹⁾  ACV, as of a given date, is the sum of the following two components:

• the sum of the annual value of each term and cloud contract in effect on such date, with the annual value of a term or cloud contract being equal to the total value of the contract divided by the total number of years of the contract.

• maintenance revenue reported for the quarter ended on such date, multiplied by four.

Remaining performance obligations (formerly reported as “committed not yet recognized revenue”)

Revenue for the remaining performance obligations on existing contracts is expected to be recognized as follows:

	September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Perpetual license		Term license		Maintenance		Cloud		Consulting		Total
1 year or less	$	25,343	$	44,283	$	140,591	$	88,529	$	14,107	$	312,853	60%
1-2 years		6,490		10,063		8,877		70,815		1,830		98,075	19%
2-3 years		360		1,598		2,586		54,646		449		59,639	11%
Greater than 3 years		1,306		218		1,079		49,110		50		51,763	10%
	$	33,499	$	56,162	$	153,133	$	263,100	$	16,436	$	522,330	100%

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICES

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses, and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience, knowledge of current conditions, and expectations of what could occur in the future given available information.

20

For more information regarding our critical accounting policies, we encourage you to read the discussion contained in the following locations:

• “Critical Accounting Estimates and Significant Judgments” in Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Note 2. “Significant Accounting Policies” in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” both of which are contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

• Note 2. “New Accounting Pronouncements”, Note 4. “Receivables, Contract Assets, and Deferred Revenue”, and Note 9. “Revenue” contained in Item 1. “Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018.

Except as described below, there have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Revenue

We account for revenue in accordance with ASC 606. Our revenue recognition policies require us to make significant judgments and estimates.

Our clients’ contracts with us typically contain promises by us to provide multiple products and services. Judgment is required to determine whether each product and service is considered to be a distinct performance obligation that should be accounted for separately under the contract. We allocate the transaction price to the distinct performance obligations based on relative stand-alone selling price. We estimate stand-alone selling price based on the prices charged to clients, or by using information such as market conditions and other observable inputs. However, the selling price of our software licenses and cloud performance obligations are highly variable. Thus, we estimate stand-alone selling price for software licenses and cloud performance obligations using the residual approach, determined based on total transaction price minus the stand-alone selling price of other performance obligations promised in the contract.

In applying our revenue recognition policy, we must determine which portions of our revenue are recognized in the current period and which portions must be deferred and recognized in future periods. We analyze various factors including, but not limited to, the selling price of undelivered services when sold on a stand-alone basis, our pricing policies, and contractual terms and conditions to help us make such judgments about revenue recognition. Changes in judgment on any of these factors could materially impact the timing and amount of revenue recognized in a given period.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018		2017		Change			2018		2017		Change
Total revenue	$	203,263	$	190,957	$	12,306	6 %	$	635,224	$	633,862	$	1,362	— %
Gross profit	$	128,840	$	121,226	$	7,614	6 %	$	411,370	$	428,166	$	(16,796)	(4)%
(Loss) income from operations	$	(17,258)	$	(2,301)	$	(14,957)	650 %	$	(32,485)	$	54,659	$	(87,144)	*
Net (loss) income	$	(7,587)	$	1,288	$	(8,875)	*	$	(5,796)	$	57,953	$	(63,749)	*

* not meaningful

Revenue

	Three Months Ended September 30,									Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017			Change			2018			2017			Change
Term license	$	32,066	16%	$	40,611	21%	$	(8,545)	(21)%	$	128,070	20%	$	149,573	24%	$	(21,503)	(14)%
Cloud		22,184	11%		13,280	7%		8,904	67 %		57,967	9%		36,207	6%		21,760	60 %
Maintenance		66,017	32%		61,812	33%		4,205	7 %		196,448	31%		179,949	28%		16,499	9 %
Subscription(1)		120,267	59%		115,703	61%		4,564	4 %		382,485	60%		365,729	58%		16,756	5 %
Perpetual license		20,276	10%		12,623	7%		7,653	61 %		56,829	9%		81,819	13%		(24,990)	(31)%
Consulting		62,720	31%		62,631	32%		89	— %		195,910	31%		186,314	29%		9,596	5 %
Total revenue	$	203,263	100%	$	190,957	100%	$	12,306	6 %	$	635,224	100%	$	633,862	100%	$	1,362	— %

⁽¹⁾  Subscription revenue reflects client arrangements (term license, cloud, and maintenance) which may be subject to a renewal.

Our license revenue is primarily derived from sales of our applications and Pega Platform. Our cloud revenue is derived from our hosted Pega Platform and software applications. Our consulting revenue is primarily related to new license implementations.

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We expect our revenue mix to continue to shift in favor of our subscription offerings, particularly cloud arrangements, which could result in slower total revenue growth in the near term. Revenue from cloud arrangements is generally recognized over time throughout the service period, while revenue from license arrangements is generally recognized upfront when the license rights become effective.

Subscription revenue

The decrease in term license revenue in the three months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to $17 million of revenue recognized in the three months ended September 30, 2017 from a large term license renewal. The decrease in term license revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to $35.3 million of revenue recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2017 from a large term license renewal.

The increases in cloud revenue in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 reflect the shift in client preferences to cloud arrangements from other types of arrangements.

The increases in maintenance revenue were primarily due to the continued growth in the aggregate value of the installed base of our software and strong renewal rates in excess of 90%.

Perpetual license

The increase in perpetual license revenue in the three months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to revenue recognized from license rights which became effective in the current period from perpetual arrangements executed in prior periods, primarily the three months ended June 30, 2018. The decrease in perpetual license revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 reflects the shift in client preferences away from perpetual license arrangements.

Consulting

Our consulting revenue fluctuates depending upon the mix of new implementation projects we perform as compared to those performed by our enabled clients or led by our partners.

The increase in consulting revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to higher billable hours driven by an increase in the number of projects performed.

Gross profit

	Three Months Ended September 30,										Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017			Change				2018			2017			Change
Software license	$	51,087	98%	$	51,958	98%	$	(871	)	(2)%	$	181,127	98%	$	227,566	98%	$	(46,439)	(20)%
Maintenance		59,938	91%		55,096	89%		4,842		9 %		178,413	91%		159,004	88%		19,409	12 %
Cloud		12,569	57%		7,269	55%		5,300		73 %		31,853	55%		18,938	52%		12,915	68 %
Consulting		5,246	8%		6,903	11%		(1,657	)	(24)%		19,977	10%		22,658	12%		(2,681)	(12)%
Total gross profit	$	128,840	63%	$	121,226	63%	$	7,614		6 %	$	411,370	65%	$	428,166	68%	$	(16,796)	(4)%

The increase in total gross profit in the three months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to an increase in maintenance revenue, due to growth in the aggregate value of the installed base of our software, and an increase in cloud revenue, due to a shift in client preferences to cloud arrangements from other types of arrangements.

The decrease in total gross profit in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to $35.3 million of revenue recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2017 from a large term license renewal and the decrease in perpetual license revenue reflecting the shift in client preferences toward our cloud offerings, partially offset by the margin growth in our maintenance and cloud revenue streams. The current shift in our revenue mix toward cloud arrangements may result in slower total gross profit growth in the near term as our cloud business continues to grow and scale.

Maintenance and cloud gross profit percent

The increases in maintenance gross profit percent in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were driven by decreases of $0.3 million and $1.5 million in compensation and benefits due to decreased headcount and a decrease in client support expenses as we transferred resources to provide dedicated support to our growing cloud business.

The increases in cloud gross profit percent in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were primarily due to continued growth and scale in our cloud business, partially offset by an increase in client support expenses as we expanded our cloud client support function to sustain our growing cloud business.

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Consulting gross profit percent

The decreases in consulting gross profit percent in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were driven primarily by increases in compensation and benefits, lower utilization rates, and the impact of our policy introduced late in the three months ended June 30, 2017 to offer our web-based training free of charge to users which reduced training revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Operating expenses

Selling and marketing

	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018		2017		Change			2018		2017		Change
Selling and marketing	$	87,490	$	69,363	$	18,127	26%	$	269,845	$	214,244	$	55,601	26%
As a percent of total revenue		43%		36%					42%		34%
Selling and marketing headcount, end of period									1,194		934		260	28%

Includes compensation, benefits, and other headcount-related expenses associated with our selling and marketing personnel as well as advertising, promotions, trade shows, seminars, and the amortization of client-related intangibles.

The increases in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were primarily due to increases in compensation and benefits of $15.2 million and $40.6 million, as a result of increased headcount, increased deferred contract commission costs amortization of $1.2 million and $3.3 million, and an increase in marketing programs in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 of $3.1 million. The increase in headcount reflects our efforts to increase our sales capacity to deepen relationships with existing clients and target new accounts.

Research and development

	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018		2017		Change			2018		2017		Change
Research and development	$	46,504	$	41,031	$	5,473	13%	$	135,261	$	121,089	$	14,172	12%
As a percent of total revenue		23%		21%					21%		19%
Research and development headcount, end of period									1,595		1,474		121	8%

Includes compensation, benefits, contracted services, and other headcount-related expenses associated with the creation and development of our products, as well as enhancements and design changes to existing products and the integration of acquired technologies.

The increases in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 were primarily due to increases in compensation and benefits of $4 million and $9.5 million, attributable to increased headcount and the expansion of our application development team to support the continued development of our expanding suite of software.

General and administrative

	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018		2017		Change			2018		2017		Change
General and administrative	$	12,104	$	13,133	$	(1,029)	(8)%	$	38,749	$	38,174	$	575	2 %
As a percent of total revenue		6%		7%					6%		6%
General and administrative headcount, end of period									326		407		(81)	(20)%

Includes compensation, benefits, and other headcount-related expenses associated with finance, legal, corporate governance, and other administrative headcount. They also include accounting, legal, and other professional consulting and administrative fees. The general and administrative headcount includes employees in information technology and corporate services departments, whose costs are partially allocated to other operating expense areas.

The decrease in the three months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to a decrease in compensation and benefits of $1.2 million due to decreased headcount, reflecting the realignment of contract negotiation and product development resources to augment our selling and marketing and research and development functions.

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The increase in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to an increase of $2.1 million in legal and tax fees partially offset by a decrease of $1.7 million in compensation and benefits, due to decreased headcount reflecting the realignment of contract negotiation and product development resources to augment our selling and marketing and research and development functions.

Stock-based compensation

	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018		2017		Change			2018		2017		Change
Cost of revenues	$	4,319	$	3,613	$	706	20 %	$	12,277	$	10,913	$	1,364	12 %
Selling and marketing		6,198		3,976		2,222	56 %		16,895		11,482		5,413	47 %
Research and development		3,917		3,420		497	15 %		11,356		10,306		1,050	10 %
General and administrative		1,974		2,480		(506)	(20)%		7,045		7,228		(183)	(3)%
	$	16,408	$	13,489	$	2,919	22 %	$	47,573	$	39,929	$	7,644	19 %
Income tax benefit	$	(3,555)	$	(4,129)	$	574	(14)%	$	(10,037)	$	(12,231)	$	2,194	(18)%

The increase in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to the increased value of our annual periodic equity awards granted in March 2018 and 2017. These awards generally have a five-year vesting schedule.

Non-operating income (expense), net

	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018		2017		Change			2018		2017		Change
Foreign currency transaction gain (loss)	$	399	$	(5,052)	$	5,451	*	$	558	$	(6,549)	$	7,107	*
Interest income, net		683		140		543	388 %		2,076		547		1,529	280 %
Other income, net		—		—		—	— %		363		287		76	26 %
	$	1,082	$	(4,912)	$	5,994	*	$	2,997	$	(5,715)	$	8,712	*

* not meaningful

The change in foreign currency transaction gain (loss) was primarily due to unrealized gains on foreign currency denominated cash and receivables.

The change in interest income, net was primarily due to an increase in prevailing interest rates and an increase in the size of our holdings in marketable securities.

Benefit from income taxes

	Three Months Ended September 30,							Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018		2017		Change			2018		2017		Change
Benefit from income taxes	$	(8,589)	$	(8,501)	$	(88)	1%	$	(23,692)	$	(9,009)	$	(14,683)	163%
Effective income tax rate									80%		(18)%

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our effective income tax rate changed primarily due to the following factors:

• excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 of $15.1 million and $22.4 million were disproportionately greater than (loss) income before benefit from income taxes;

• a decrease in the estimated annual effective income tax rate primarily due to the reduction of the U.S. statutory federal tax rate from 35% to 21% pursuant to the Tax Reform Act;

• an increase in utilization of U.S. research and development tax credits; and

• a decrease in uncertain tax provisions as a result of the settlement of a foreign tax audit for 2012 through 2015.

The inclusion of excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation in the provision for income taxes has increased the variability of the effective tax rates in recent periods. This fluctuation may continue in future periods, as the amount of excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation awards varies depending on our future stock price in relation to the fair value of awards, the timing of RSU vestings, exercise behavior of our stock option holders, and the total value of future grants of stock-based compensation awards.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	67,088	$	113,926
Investing activities		(49,595)		(11,966)
Financing activities		(71,664)		(44,040)
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		(1,913)		2,054
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	(56,084)	$	59,974
(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Held by U.S. entities	$	134,634	$	136,444
Held by foreign entities		71,343		87,304
Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities	$	205,977	$	223,748

We believe that our current cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and cash flow from operations will be sufficient to fund our operations, quarterly cash dividends, and stock repurchases for at least the next 12 months.

If it became necessary to repatriate foreign funds, we may be required to pay U.S. state and local taxes, as well as foreign taxes, upon repatriation. Due to the complexity of income tax laws and regulations, and the effects of the Tax Reform Act, it is impracticable to estimate the amount of taxes we would have to pay.

Cash provided by operating activities

As client preferences continue to shift in favor of cloud arrangements, we could experience slower operating cash flow growth in the near term. Cash from cloud arrangements is generally collected throughout the service period, while cash from perpetual license arrangements is generally collected upfront, shortly after the license rights become effective.

The primary driver during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was $57.6 million in cash generated from receivables and contract assets, largely due to cash collections and the timing of billings.

The primary driver during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was net income of $58 million and $36.8 million in cash generated from receivables and contract assets, largely due to cash collections and the timing of billings.

Cash used in investing activities

Cash used in investing activities is primarily driven by the timing of investment maturities and purchases of new investments.

Cash used in financing activities

We used cash primarily for repurchases of our common stock under our publicly announced stock repurchase programs, stock repurchases for tax withholdings for the net settlement of our equity awards, and the payment of our quarterly dividend.

Stock repurchase program⁽¹⁾

Remaining authority under existing programs is as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September  30,
(in thousands)	2018
January 1	$	34,892
Authorizations		27,003
Repurchases		(30,149	)
September 30,	$	31,746

⁽¹⁾  Purchases under these programs have been made on the open market.

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Common stock repurchases

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018				2017
(in thousands)	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount
Tax withholdings for net settlement of equity awards		591	$	35,530		682	$	34,791
Stock repurchase program(1)
Repurchases paid		512		29,949		68		2,986
Repurchases unsettled at period end		3		200		—		—
Activity in period(2)		1,106	$	65,679		750	$	37,777

⁽¹⁾  Represents activity under our publicly announced stock repurchase programs.

⁽²⁾  During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, instead of receiving cash from the equity holders, we withheld shares with a value of $28.2 million and $23.7 million for the exercise price of options. These amounts have been excluded from the table above.

Dividends

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018	2017
Dividend payments to shareholders	$            7,067	$            6,941

It is our current intention to pay a quarterly cash dividend of $0.03 per share, however, the Board of Directors may terminate or modify the dividend program at any time without prior notice.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk represents the risk of loss from adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily related to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.

See Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” and Item 1A. “Risk Factors—We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates that could negatively impact our financial results and cash flows” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 for a more complete discussion of our market risk exposure.

Foreign currency exposure

Translation risk

Our international sales are usually denominated in foreign currencies. However, the operating expenses of our foreign operations are also primarily denominated in foreign currencies, which partially offset our foreign currency exposure.

A hypothetical 10% strengthening in the U.S. dollar against other currencies would result in the following impact:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
Increase (decrease)	2018	2017
Total revenue	(4)%	(4)%
Net (loss) income	12%	(1)%

Remeasurement risk

We have experienced and expect to continue to experience fluctuations in our results of operations as a result of transaction gains or losses related to remeasuring monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entities in which they are recorded.

We are primarily exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates associated with Australian dollar, Euro, and U.S. dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and intercompany receivables and payables held by our U.K. subsidiary, a British pound functional entity.

26

A hypothetical 10% strengthening in the British pound exchange rate in comparison to the Australian dollar, Euro, and U.S. dollar would result in an incremental foreign currency transaction loss of $8 million and $6 million, at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”)) as of September 30, 2018. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and our management necessarily applied its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2018.

(b) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

27

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

We encourage you to carefully consider the risk factors identified in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. These risk factors could materially affect our business, financial condition, and future results and could cause our actual business and financial results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or elsewhere by management from time to time. There have been no material changes during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The following table sets forth information regarding our repurchases of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2018.

(in thousands, except per share amounts)	Total Number of Shares Purchased(1)	Average Price Paid per Share(1)	Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Share Repurchase Program	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased at Period End Under Publicly Announced Share Repurchase Programs(2)
July 1, 2018 - July 31, 2018	138	$     57.34	119	$	39,189
August 1, 2018 - August 31, 2018	172	$     59.89	93	$	33,645
September 1, 2018 - September 30, 2018	182	$     63.96	30	$	31,746
Total	492	$     60.68

⁽¹⁾ Shares withheld to cover the option exercise price and tax withholding obligations under the net settlement provisions of our stock compensation awards have been included in these amounts.

⁽²⁾  Since 2004, our Board of Directors has approved stock repurchase programs that have authorized the repurchase, in the aggregate, of up to $221.8 million of our common stock. On June 21, 2018, we announced that our Board of Directors extended the expiration date of the current stock repurchase program to June 30, 2019 and increased the amount of common stock we are authorized to repurchase to $50 million between June 15, 2018 and June 30, 2019 (the “Current Program”). Under the Current Program, purchases may be made from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. Shares may be repurchased in such amounts as market conditions warrant, subject to regulatory and other considerations. We have established a pre-arranged stock repurchase plan, intended to comply with the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, and Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act (the “10b5-1 Plan”). All stock repurchases under the Current Program during closed trading window periods will be made pursuant to the 10b5-1 Plan.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.	Description
31.1	Certification pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 of the Chief Executive Officer.
31.2	Certification pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 of the Chief Financial Officer.
32+	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer.
101.INS	XBRL Instance document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.

   + Indicates that the exhibit is being furnished with this report and is not filed as a part of it.

   ++ Management contracts and compensatory plan or arrangements

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	Pegasystems Inc.
Dated:  November 7, 2018	By:	/s/ KENNETH STILLWELL
		Kenneth Stillwell
		Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

29

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Alan Trefler, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Pegasystems Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: November 7, 2018

/s/ ALAN TREFLER

Alan Trefler

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Kenneth Stillwell, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Pegasystems Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: November 7, 2018

/s/ KENNETH STILLWELL

Kenneth Stillwell

Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Pegasystems Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Alan Trefler, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Pegasystems Inc., and Kenneth Stillwell, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer of Pegasystems Inc., each certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: November 7, 2018

/s/ ALAN TREFLER

Alan Trefler

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ KENNETH STILLWELL

Kenneth Stillwell

Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Nov. 01, 2018
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Trading Symbol	PEGA
Entity Registrant Name	PEGASYSTEMS INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001013857
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		78,700,651
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Small Business	false

XML

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	[1]	$ 106,195	$ 162,279
Marketable securities	[1]	99,782	61,469
Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities	[1]	205,977	223,748
Accounts receivable	[1]	150,733	222,735
Unbilled receivables	[1]	155,964	158,898
Other current assets	[1]	73,464	41,135
Total current assets	[1]	586,138	646,516
Long-term unbilled receivables	[1]	168,929	160,708
Goodwill	[1]	72,897	72,952
Other long-term assets	[1]	134,679	131,391
Total assets	[1]	962,643	1,011,567
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	[1]	12,926	17,370
Accrued expenses	[1]	39,829	45,508
Accrued compensation and related expenses	[1]	71,318	66,040
Deferred revenue	[1]	158,178	166,297
Total current liabilities	[1]	282,251	295,215
Deferred income tax liabilities	[1]	36,166	38,463
Other long-term liabilities	[1]	23,371	23,652
Total liabilities	[1]	341,788	357,330
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, 1,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding	[1]
Common stock, 200,000 shares authorized; 78,816 and 78,081 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	[1]	788	781
Additional paid-in capital	[1]	135,132	152,097
Retained earnings	[1]	496,815	508,051
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	[1]	(11,880)	(6,692)
Total stockholders' equity	[1]	620,855	654,237
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	[1]	$ 962,643	$ 1,011,567

[1] On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. "New Accounting Pronouncements" for additional information.

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - shares		Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Preferred stock, shares authorized	[1]	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	[1]	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	[1]	0	0
Common stock, shares authorized	[1]	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	[1]	78,816,000	78,816,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	[1]	78,081,000	78,081,000

[1] On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. "New Accounting Pronouncements" for additional information.

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Revenue
Total revenue	[1]	$ 203,263	$ 190,957	$ 635,224	$ 633,862
Cost of revenue
Total cost of revenue	[1]	74,423	69,731	223,854	205,696
Gross profit	[1]	128,840	121,226	411,370	428,166
Operating expenses
Selling and marketing	[1]	87,490	69,363	269,845	214,244
Research and development	[1]	46,504	41,031	135,261	121,089
General and administrative	[1]	12,104	13,133	38,749	38,174
Total operating expenses	[1]	146,098	123,527	443,855	373,507
(Loss) income from operations	[1]	(17,258)	(2,301)	(32,485)	54,659
Foreign currency transaction gain (loss)	[1]	399	(5,052)	558	(6,549)
Interest income, net	[1]	683	140	2,076	547
Other income, net	[1]			363	287
(Loss) income before benefit from income taxes	[1]	(16,176)	(7,213)	(29,488)	48,944
Benefit from income taxes	[1]	(8,589)	(8,501)	(23,692)	(9,009)
Net (loss) income	[1]	$ (7,587)	$ 1,288	$ (5,796)	$ 57,953
(Loss) earnings per share
Basic	[1]	$ (0.10)	$ 0.01	$ (0.07)	$ 0.75
Diluted	[1]	$ (0.10)	$ 0.01	$ (0.07)	$ 0.70
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding
Basic	[1]	78,700	77,691	78,525	77,258
Diluted	[1]	78,700	83,323	78,525	82,717
Cash dividends declared per share	[1]	$ 0.03	$ 0.03	$ 0.09	$ 0.09
Software license
Revenue
Total revenue	[1]	$ 52,342	$ 53,234	$ 184,899	$ 231,392
Cost of revenue
Total cost of revenue	[1]	1,255	1,276	3,772	3,826
Maintenance
Revenue
Total revenue	[1]	66,017	61,812	196,448	179,949
Cost of revenue
Total cost of revenue	[1]	6,079	6,716	18,035	20,945
Services
Revenue
Total revenue	[1]	84,904	75,911	253,877	222,521
Cost of revenue
Total cost of revenue	[1]	$ 67,089	$ 61,739	$ 202,047	$ 180,925

[1] On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. "New Accounting Pronouncements" for additional information.

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Net (loss) income	[1]	$ (7,587)	$ 1,288	$ (5,796)	$ 57,953
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax	[1]	(162)	22	(277)	148
Foreign currency translation adjustments	[1]	(1,934)	2,576	(4,911)	8,848
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	[1]	(2,096)	2,598	(5,188)	8,996
Comprehensive (loss) income	[1]	$ (9,683)	$ 3,886	$ (10,984)	$ 66,949

[1] On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. "New Accounting Pronouncements" for additional information.

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UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Operating activities:
Net (loss) income	[1]	$ (5,796)	$ 57,953
Adjustment to reconcile net (loss) income to cash provided by operating activities:
Change in operating assets and liabilities, net	[1]	8,698	(15,455)
Stock-based compensation expense	[1]	47,573	39,929
Amortization of intangible assets and depreciation	[1]	18,692	18,703
Other non-cash	[1]	(2,079)	12,796
Cash provided by operating activities	[1]	67,088	113,926
Investing activities:
Purchases of investments	[1]	(68,177)	(25,687)
Proceeds from maturities and called investments	[1]	26,456	23,124
Other	[1]	(7,874)	(9,403)
Cash used in investing activities	[1]	(49,595)	(11,966)
Financing activities:
Dividend payments to shareholders	[1]	(7,067)	(6,941)
Common stock repurchases	[1]	(64,597)	(37,099)
Cash used in financing activities	[1]	(71,664)	(44,040)
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	[1]	(1,913)	2,054
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	[1]	(56,084)	59,974
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	[1]	162,279	70,594
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	[1]	$ 106,195	$ 130,568

[1] On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. "New Accounting Pronouncements" for additional information.

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Pegasystems Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, “the Company”) has prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S.”) for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

In the opinion of management, the Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements on the same basis as its audited financial statements, and these financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods presented.

The operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year 2018.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” using the full retrospective method which required that each prior reporting period presented be adjusted to reflect the application of this ASU. See Note 2. “New Accounting Pronouncements” for additional information.

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NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

2. NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Financial instruments

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost, including accounts receivable, upon initial recognition of that financial asset using a forward-looking expected loss model, rather than an incurred loss model. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses when the fair value is below the amortized cost of the asset, removing the concept of “other-than-temporary” impairments. The effective date for the Company will be January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheets, recognizing a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The effective date for the Company will be January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects that most of its operating lease commitments will be subject to this ASU and recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption with a material impact to the Company’s balance sheet but an immaterial impact to its results of operations and cash flows. The Company expects to elect the optional transition method to apply the new lease standard prospectively at the adoption date, as opposed to recasting prior reporting periods. As a result, the Company expects to recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption.

ASC 606 and ASC 340-40

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform.

The most significant adoption impacts were as follows:

• Perpetual licenses with extended payment terms and term licenses - Revenue from perpetual licenses with extended payment terms and term licenses is now recognized when control is transferred to the client, which is defined as the point in time when the client can use and benefit from the license. Previously, the Company recognized revenue over the term of the agreements as payments became due or earlier if prepaid. Any unrecognized license revenue from these arrangements is recognized in the period that control transfers or as a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings as of December 31, 2015. Unbilled receivables in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets increased significantly upon adoption due to the revenue from term licenses being recognized prior to amounts being due, or prepaid, by clients and perpetual licenses with extended payment terms.

• Allocation of future credits and significant discounts - Perpetual or term licenses delivered are a separate performance obligation which now requires the Company to allocate any future credits and discounts to the performance obligations in the arrangement based upon their relative stand-alone selling prices.

• Deferred contract costs - Sales incentive programs and other incremental costs to obtain a contract were previously expensed when incurred. ASC 340-40 requires these costs be recognized as an asset when incurred and expensed over the period of expected benefit, which is on average five years. This change primarily impacts the Company’s contracts related to multi-year cloud offerings, maintenance on term and perpetual licenses, and long-term term and perpetual licenses with client usage rights that increase over time.

• Taxes - The corresponding effect on tax balances of the above impacts has also been recognized.

For additional information on the Company’s accounting policies as a result of the adoption of ASC 606 and ASC 340-40 see Note 4. “Receivables, Contract Assets, and Deferred Revenue”, Note 5. “Deferred Contract Costs”, and Note 9. “Revenue”.

The impact of the adoption of ASC 606 and ASC 340-40 on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet and unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations is:

	December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Previously reported		Adjustments		As adjusted
Assets
Accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and contract assets	$	248,331	$	134,216	$	382,547
Long-term unbilled receivables		—		160,708		160,708
Deferred income taxes		57,127		(42,887)		14,240
Deferred contract costs		—		37,924		37,924
Other assets(1)		416,148		—		416,148
Total assets	$	721,606	$	289,961	$	1,011,567
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Deferred revenue	$	195,073	$	(28,776)	$	166,297
Long-term deferred revenue		6,591		(2,885)		3,706
Deferred income tax liabilities		—		38,463		38,463
Other liabilities(2)		148,864		—		148,864
Total liabilities		350,528		6,802		357,330
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(3,494)		(2,966)		(6,460)
Retained earnings		221,926		286,125		508,051
Other equity(3)		152,646		—		152,646
Total stockholders’ equity		371,078		283,159		654,237
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	721,606	$	289,961	$	1,011,567

⁽¹⁾  Includes cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, income taxes receivable, other current assets, property and equipment, intangible assets, goodwill, and other long-term assets (as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).

⁽²⁾  Includes accounts payable, accrued expenses, accrued compensation and related expenses, income taxes payable, and other long-term liabilities (as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).

⁽³⁾ Includes common stock, additional paid-in capital, and net unrealized loss on available-for-sale marketable securities (as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).

	September 30, 2017
	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	Previously   Reported		Adjustments		As Adjusted		Previously   Reported		Adjustments		As Adjusted
Revenue:
Software license	$	41,793	$	11,441	$	53,234	$	195,220	$	36,172	$	231,392
Maintenance		62,204		(392)		61,812		180,759		(810)		179,949
Services		75,818		93		75,911		225,063		(2,542)		222,521
Total revenue		179,815		11,142		190,957		601,042		32,820		633,862
Cost of revenue:
Software license		1,276		—		1,276		3,826		—		3,826
Maintenance		6,716		—		6,716		20,945		—		20,945
Services		61,739		—		61,739		180,925		—		180,925
Total cost of revenue		69,731		—		69,731		205,696		—		205,696
Gross profit		110,084		11,142		121,226		395,346		32,820		428,166
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing		70,209		(846)		69,363		217,384		(3,140)		214,244
Research and development		41,031		—		41,031		121,089		—		121,089
General and administrative		13,133		—		13,133		38,174		—		38,174
Total operating expenses		124,373		(846)		123,527		376,647		(3,140)		373,507
(Loss) income from operations		(14,289)		11,988		(2,301)		18,699		35,960		54,659
Foreign currency transaction loss		(552)		(4,500)		(5,052)		(793)		(5,756)		(6,549)
Interest income, net		144		(4)		140		470		77		547
Other income, net		—		—		—		287		—		287
(Loss) income before benefit from income taxes		(14,697)		7,484		(7,213)		18,663		30,281		48,944
Benefit from income taxes		(12,885)		4,384		(8,501)		(17,952)		8,943		(9,009)
Net (loss) income	$	(1,812)	$	3,100	$	1,288	$	36,615	$	21,338	$	57,953
(Loss) earnings per share:
Basic	$	(0.03)			$	0.01	$	0.47			$	0.75
Diluted	$	(0.03)			$	0.01	$	0.44			$	0.70
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic		77,691				77,691		77,258				77,258
Diluted		77,691				83,323		82,717				82,717

Adoption of ASC 606 and ASC 340-40 did not change the Company’s total cash provided by or used in operating, financing, or investing activities in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

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MARKETABLE SECURITIES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

MARKETABLE SECURITIES

3. MARKETABLE SECURITIES

	September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Municipal bonds	$	46,633	$	—	$	(267)	$	46,366
Corporate bonds		53,738		1		(323)		53,416
	$	100,371	$	1	$	(590)	$	99,782

	December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Municipal bonds	$	32,996	$	—	$	(148)	$	32,848
Corporate bonds		28,757		1		(137)		28,621
	$	61,753	$	1	$	(285)	$	61,469

As of September 30, 2018, the Company did not hold any investments with unrealized losses that are considered to be other-than-temporary.

As of September 30, 2018, remaining maturities of marketable securities ranged from October 2018 to August 2021, with a weighted-average remaining maturity of approximately 1.5 years.

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RECEIVABLES, CONTRACT ASSETS, AND DEFERRED REVENUE

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

RECEIVABLES, CONTRACT ASSETS, AND DEFERRED REVENUE

4. RECEIVABLES, CONTRACT ASSETS, AND DEFERRED REVENUE

Receivables

(in thousands)	September 30,         2018		December 31,         2017
Accounts receivable	$	150,733	$	222,735
Unbilled receivables		155,964		158,898
Long-term unbilled receivables		168,929		160,708
	$	475,626	$	542,341

Unbilled receivables are the amounts due from clients where the only condition to the right of payment is the passage of time. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the allowance for doubtful accounts was not material.

Unbilled receivables are expected to be billed in the future as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30,         2018
1 Year or Less	$	155,964	48%
1-2 Years		89,177	27%
2-5 Years		79,752	25%
	$	324,893	100%

Contract assets and deferred revenue

(in thousands)	September 30,         2018		December 31,         2017
Contract assets(1)	$	2,888	$	914
Long-term contract assets(2)		1,581		—
	$	4,469	$	914
Deferred revenue	$	158,178	$	166,297
Long-term deferred revenue(3)		5,840		3,706
	$	164,018	$	170,003

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other current assets.

  ⁽²⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

  ⁽³⁾ Included in other long-term liabilities.

Contract assets are amounts under client contracts where revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the client and the right to payment is subject to conditions other than the passage of time, such as the completion of a related performance obligation. Deferred revenue consists of billings and payments received in advance of revenue recognition. Contract assets and deferred revenue are netted at the contract level for each reporting period.

The change in deferred revenue in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily due to $225.1 million of revenue recognized, excluding the impact of netting contract assets and deferred revenue at the contract level, during the period that was included in deferred revenue at December 31, 2017, partially offset by new billings in advance of revenue recognition.

Major clients

No client represented 10% or more of the Company’s total receivables as of September 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

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DEFERRED CONTRACT COSTS

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

DEFERRED CONTRACT COSTS

5. DEFERRED CONTRACT COSTS

The Company recognizes an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a client if the Company expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. Deferred costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the benefit period, which is on average five years.

(in thousands)	September 30,     2018		December 31,     2017
Deferred contract costs(1)	$	50,799	$	37,924

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

Amortization of deferred contract costs was as follows:

	Three Months Ended         September 30,				Nine Months Ended         September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Amortization of deferred contract costs(1)	$	4,208	$	3,034	$	11,806	$	8,529

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in selling and marketing expenses.

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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill was as follows:

(in thousands)	Nine Months Ended              September 30,
	2018
Balance as of January 1,	$	72,952
Currency translation adjustments		(55)
Balance as of September 30,	$	72,897

Intangibles

Intangible assets are recorded at cost and amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives as follows:

			September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Useful Lives		Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value(1)
Client-related intangibles		4-10 years	$	63,136	$	(49,633)	$	13,503
Technology		3-10 years		58,942		(49,067)		9,875
Other		1-5 years		5,361		(5,361)		—
			$	127,439	$	(104,061)	$	23,378

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

			December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Useful Lives		Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value(1)
Client-related intangibles		4-10 years	$	63,164	$	(44,835)	$	18,329
Technology		3-10 years		58,942		(45,372)		13,570
Other		1-5 years		5,361		(5,361)		—
			$	127,467	$	(95,568)	$	31,899

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

Amortization of intangible assets was as follows:

	Three Months Ended              September 30,				Nine Months Ended              September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Cost of revenue	$	1,232	$	1,232	$	3,695	$	3,871
Selling and marketing		1,603		1,873		4,813		5,608
	$	2,835	$	3,105	$	8,508	$	9,479

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ACCRUED EXPENSES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

ACCRUED EXPENSES

7. ACCRUED EXPENSES

(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Outside professional services	$	11,638	$	14,468
Income and other taxes		3,971		7,420
Marketing and sales program expenses		4,623		6,444
Dividends payable		2,365		2,344
Employee-related expenses		5,212		4,065
Other		12,020		10,767
	$	39,829	$	45,508

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The Company records its cash equivalents, marketable securities, and investments in privately-held companies at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

As a basis for classifying the fair value measurements, a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which classifies the fair value measurements based on the inputs used in measuring fair value, was established as follows:

• Level 1 - observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

• Level 2 - significant other inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly; and

• Level 3 - significant unobservable inputs on which there is little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions. This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value.

The Company’s cash equivalents are composed of money market funds and time deposits, which are classified within Level 1 and Level 2, respectively, in the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s marketable securities, which are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are valued based on a market approach using quoted prices, when available, or matrix pricing compiled by third party pricing vendors, using observable market inputs such as interest rates, yield curves, and credit risk. The Company’s investments in privately-held companies are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and are valued using model-based techniques, including option pricing models and discounted cash flow models.

If applicable, the Company will recognize transfers into and out of levels within the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period in which the actual event or change in circumstance occurs. There were no transfers between levels during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

	September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	10,212	$	15,212	$	—	$	25,424
Marketable securities:
Municipal bonds	$	—	$	46,366	$	—	$	46,366
Corporate bonds		—		53,416		—		53,416
Total marketable securities	$	—	$	99,782	$	—	$	99,782
Investments in privately-held companies(1)	$	—	$	—	$	2,890	$	2,890

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

	December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	2,720	$	40,051	$	—	$	42,771
Marketable securities:
Municipal bonds	$	—	$	32,848	$	—	$	32,848
Corporate bonds		—		28,621		—		28,621
Total marketable securities	$	—	$	61,469	$	—	$	61,469
Investments in privately-held companies(1)	$	—	$	—	$	1,030	$	1,030

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

For certain other financial instruments, including accounts receivable and accounts payable, the carrying value approximates fair value due to the relatively short maturity of these items.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

Assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including property and equipment and intangible assets, are recognized at fair value when they are impaired. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not recognize any impairments of its assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

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REVENUE

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

REVENUE

9. REVENUE

Revenue policy

The Company’s revenue is primarily derived from:

• Software license revenue is primarily derived from sales of the Company’s Pega Platform and software applications.

• Maintenance revenue includes revenue from client support including software upgrades on a when and-if available basis, telephone support, and bug fixes or patches.

• Services revenue is primarily derived from cloud revenue, which is sales of the Company’s hosted Pega Platform and software applications, and consulting revenue, which is primarily related to new license implementations.

Contracts with multiple performance obligations

The Company’s license and cloud arrangements often contain multiple performance obligations. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. If the transaction price contains discounts or the Company expects to provide a future price concession, these elements are considered when determining the transaction price prior to allocation. Variable fees within the transaction price are estimated and recognized in revenue as the Company satisfies each performance obligation to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable fee is resolved. If the contract grants the client the option to acquire additional products or services, the Company assesses whether any discount on the included products and services is in excess of levels normally available to similar clients and, if so, accounts for that discount as an additional performance obligation.

Software licenses

The Company has concluded that its software licenses are distinct performance obligations, as the client can benefit from the software on its own. Software license revenue is typically recognized at a point in time when control is transferred to the client, which is defined as the point in time when the client can use and benefit from the license. The software license is delivered before related services are provided and is functional without services, updates, and technical support.

Stand-alone selling price for software licenses is determined using the residual approach. The Company utilizes the residual approach as license performance obligations are sold for a broad range of amounts (the selling price is highly variable) and a stand-alone selling price is not discernible from past transactions or other observable evidence. Periodically, the Company reevaluates whether the residual approach is appropriate for its license performance obligations when sold with other performance obligations. If the standalone selling price analysis illustrates that software license performance obligations are no longer highly variable, the Company will utilize the relative allocation method for such arrangements.

Term license fees are usually payable in advance on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis over the term of the license agreement, which is typically three to five years and may be renewed for additional terms at the client’s option. Perpetual license fees are usually payable when the contract is executed.

Maintenance

Maintenance contracts entitle clients to receive technical support and software updates, on a when and if available basis, during the term of the maintenance contract. Technical support and software updates are considered distinct services but accounted for as a single performance obligation, as they each constitute a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the client. Maintenance revenue is recognized over time on a straight-line basis over the contract period.

The maintenance performance obligation is priced as a percentage of the selling price of the related software license, which is highly variable. The Company determined the standalone selling price based on this pricing relationship, which has remained constant within a narrow range, and observable data from standalone sales of maintenance, along with all other observable data.

Maintenance fees are usually payable in advance on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis over the term of the agreement.

Services

Services revenue is comprised of consulting, including software license implementations, training, reimbursable expenses, and cloud, which is derived from sales of the Company’s hosted Pega Platform and software application environments. The Company has concluded that most services are distinct performance obligations. Consulting may be provided on a stand-alone basis or bundled with other performance obligations.

• The stand-alone selling price for time and materials consulting is determined by observable prices in similar transactions without multiple performance obligations and recognized as revenue as the services are performed. Fees for time and materials consulting contracts are usually payable shortly after the service is provided.

• The stand-alone selling price for fixed price consulting is based on the estimated hours versus actual hours in similar geographies and for similar contract sizes. Revenue for fixed price consulting is recognized over time as the services are provided. Fees for fixed price consulting are usually payable as contract milestones are achieved.

• The stand-alone selling price of cloud sales of production environments is determined based on the residual approach when sold with other performance obligations and is recognized over the term of the service. The Company utilizes the residual approach as cloud performance obligations are sold for a broad range of amounts (the selling price is highly variable) and a stand-alone selling price is not discernible from past transactions or other observable evidence. Cloud fees for production environments are usually payable in advance on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis over the term of the service.

• The stand-alone selling price for cloud sales of development and testing environments is developed using observable prices in similar transactions without multiple performance obligations and is recognized over the term of the service. Cloud fees for development and testing environments are usually payable in advance on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis over the term of the service.

Contract modifications

The Company enters into amendments to previously executed contracts which constitute contract modifications. The Company assesses each of these contract modifications to determine:

1. if the additional products and services are distinct from the products and services in the original arrangement, and

2. if the amount of consideration expected for the added products and services reflects the stand-alone selling price of those products and services.

A contract modification meeting both criteria is accounted for as a separate contract. A contract modification not meeting both criteria is considered a change to the original contract and is accounted for on either:

1. a prospective basis as a termination of the existing contract and the creation of a new contract; or

2. a cumulative catch-up basis.

Geographic revenue

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017			2018			2017
U.S.	$	103,075	51%	$	105,059	55%	$	327,409	51%	$	376,819	59%
Other Americas		10,424	5%		9,307	5%		37,766	6%		32,890	5%
United Kingdom (“U.K.”)		19,277	9%		18,537	10%		68,450	11%		67,403	11%
Europe (excluding U.K.), Middle East, and Africa		42,254	21%		31,109	16%		101,150	16%		81,557	13%
Asia-Pacific		28,233	14%		26,945	14%		100,449	16%		75,193	12%
Total revenue	$	203,263	100%	$	190,957	100%	$	635,224	100%	$	633,862	100%

Revenue streams

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Perpetual license	$	20,276	$	12,623	$	56,829	$	81,819
Term license		32,066		40,611		128,070		149,573
Revenue recognized at a point in time		52,342		53,234		184,899		231,392
Maintenance		66,017		61,812		196,448		179,949
Cloud		22,184		13,280		57,967		36,207
Consulting		62,720		62,631		195,910		186,314
Revenue recognized over time		150,921		137,723		450,325		402,470
Total revenue	$	203,263	$	190,957	$	635,224	$	633,862
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Term license	$	32,066	$	40,611	$	128,070	$	149,573
Cloud		22,184		13,280		57,967		36,207
Maintenance		66,017		61,812		196,448		179,949
Subscription(1)		120,267		115,703		382,485		365,729
Perpetual license		20,276		12,623		56,829		81,819
Consulting		62,720		62,631		195,910		186,314
Total revenue	$	203,263	$	190,957	$	635,224	$	633,862

  ⁽¹⁾ Subscription revenue reflects client arrangements (term license, cloud, and maintenance) which may be subject to a renewal.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, there were no material changes in the Company’s estimate of variable fees.

Remaining performance obligations (formerly reported as “committed not yet recognized revenue”)

Revenue for the remaining performance obligations on existing contracts is expected to be recognized in the future as follows:

	September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Perpetual license		Term license		Maintenance		Cloud		Consulting		Total
1 year or less	$	25,343	$	44,283	$	140,591	$	88,529	$	14,107	$	312,853	60%
1-2 years		6,490		10,063		8,877		70,815		1,830		98,075	19%
2-3 years		360		1,598		2,586		54,646		449		59,639	11%
Greater than 3 years		1,306		218		1,079		49,110		50		51,763	10%
	$	33,499	$	56,162	$	153,133	$	263,100	$	16,436	$	522,330	100%

Major clients

Clients accounting for 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue were as follows:

	Three Months Ended              September 30,				Nine Months Ended              September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Total revenue	$	203,263	$	190,957	$	635,224	$	633,862
Client A		10%		10%		*		*

  *Client accounted for less than 10% of total revenue.

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Expense

	Three Months Ended                  September 30,				Nine Months Ended                  September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Cost of revenues	$	4,319	$	3,613	$	12,277	$	10,913
Selling and marketing		6,198		3,976		16,895		11,482
Research and development		3,917		3,420		11,356		10,306
General and administrative		1,974		2,480		7,045		7,228
	$	16,408	$	13,489	$	47,573	$	39,929
Income tax benefit	$	(3,555)	$	(4,129)	$	(10,037)	$	(12,231)

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation using the accelerated recognition method, treating each vesting tranche as if it were an individual grant. As of September 30, 2018, the Company had, net of estimated forfeitures, $74.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, related to all unvested restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and stock options, which was expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.2 years.

Grants

The Company granted the following stock-based compensation awards:

	Nine Months Ended              September 30,
(in thousands)	Shares		Total Fair Value
RSUs(1)		1,117	$	65,569
Non-qualified stock options		1,623	$	29,372

⁽¹⁾  Includes approximately 0.1 million RSUs which were granted in connection with the election by certain employees to receive 50% of their 2018 target incentive compensation under the Company’s Corporate Incentive Compensation Plan in the form of RSUs instead of cash. Stock-based compensation of approximately $8.2 million associated with this RSU grant is expected to be recognized over a one-year period beginning on the grant date.

RSU vestings and stock option exercises

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, 1.2 million shares of common stock were issued due to stock option exercises and RSU vestings under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans.

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INCOME TAXES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

INCOME TAXES

11. INCOME TAXES

Effective income tax rate

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017
Benefit from income taxes	$	(23,692	)	$	(9,009	)
Effective income tax rate		80	%		(18	)%

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company’s effective income tax rate changed primarily due to the following factors:

• excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation were disproportionately greater than the (loss) income before benefit from income taxes;

• a decrease in the estimated annual effective income tax rate primarily due to the reduction of the U.S. statutory federal tax rate from 35% to 21% pursuant to the Tax Reform Act;

• an increase in utilization of U.S. research and development tax credits; and

• a decrease in uncertain tax provisions as a result of the settlement of a foreign tax audit for 2012 through 2015.

Tax reform act

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Reform Act”) was enacted into law, which significantly changed U.S. tax law and included many provisions, such as a reduction of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate, a one-time transition tax on deemed repatriation of deferred foreign earnings, and a provision to tax global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) of foreign subsidiaries, a special tax deduction for foreign derived intangible income, and a base erosion anti-abuse tax measure (“BEAT”) that may tax payments between a U.S. corporation and its foreign subsidiaries, among other tax changes.

In the three months ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized, under SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”), provisional income taxes, including $20.4 million of income tax expense to re-measure its net deferred tax assets to the 21% enacted rate. Also, during the same period, the Company reduced its provisional income taxes by a $12.6 million income tax benefit as a result of the remeasurement of its net deferred tax liabilities under the retrospective adoption of ASC 606.

The final income tax amounts may differ from those provisional amounts, possibly materially, due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions by the Company, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and actions the Company may take as a result of the Tax Reform Act.

The Tax Reform Act also provided for a one-time deemed mandatory repatriation of post-1986 undistributed foreign subsidiary earnings and profits through December 31, 2017. However, based on the Company’s provisional analysis performed as of that date, the Company does not expect to be subject to the one-time transition tax due to the Company’s foreign subsidiaries being in a net accumulated deficit position. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recognized no material adjustments to these estimates.

The Tax Reform Act provides the following new anti-abuse provisions beginning in 2018:

• The GILTI provisions require the Company to include in its U.S. income tax base foreign subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return on the foreign subsidiary’s tangible assets. The Company expects that it will be subject to incremental U.S. tax resulting from GILTI inclusions beginning in 2018. As of September 30, 2018, the Company has included an estimate of the effect of its GILTI provisions in its estimated annual effective tax rate. The Company continues to monitor IRS guidance and will update its estimates as guidance is issued.

• The BEAT provisions in the Tax Reform Act impose an alternative minimum tax on taxpayers with substantial base-erosion payments. The Company’s preliminary assessment is that the Company will not be subject to the BEAT in 2018. The Company continues to monitor IRS guidance and will update its estimates as guidance is issued.

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EARNINGS PER SHARE

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

EARNINGS PER SHARE

12. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period, plus the dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and RSUs, using the treasury stock method. In periods of loss, all stock options and RSUs are excluded, as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.

The calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows:

	Three Months Ended           September 30,				Nine Months Ended           September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Basic
Net (loss) income	$	(7,587)	$	1,288	$	(5,796)	$	57,953
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		78,700		77,691		78,525		77,258
(Loss) earnings per share, basic	$	(0.10)	$	0.01	$	(0.07)	$	0.75
Diluted
Net (loss) income	$	(7,587)	$	1,288	$	(5,796)	$	57,953
Weighted-average effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options		—		3,681		—		3,519
RSUs		—		1,951		—		1,940
Effect of dilutive securities		—		5,632		—		5,459
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution		78,700		83,323		78,525		82,717
(Loss) earnings per share, diluted	$	(0.10)	$	0.01	$	(0.07)	$	0.70
Outstanding anti-dilutive stock options and RSUs(1)		6,119		105		6,380		219

⁽¹⁾  Certain outstanding stock options and RSUs were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive in the period presented. These awards may be dilutive in the future.

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Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Deferred Contract Cost

The Company recognizes an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a client if the Company expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. Deferred costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the benefit period, which is on average five years.

Revenue

Revenue policy

The Company’s revenue is primarily derived from:

• Software license revenue is primarily derived from sales of the Company’s Pega Platform and software applications.

• Maintenance revenue includes revenue from client support including software upgrades on a when and-if available basis, telephone support, and bug fixes or patches.

• Services revenue is primarily derived from cloud revenue, which is sales of the Company’s hosted Pega Platform and software applications, and consulting revenue, which is primarily related to new license implementations.

Contracts with multiple performance obligations

The Company’s license and cloud arrangements often contain multiple performance obligations. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative stand-alone selling price basis. If the transaction price contains discounts or the Company expects to provide a future price concession, these elements are considered when determining the transaction price prior to allocation. Variable fees within the transaction price are estimated and recognized in revenue as the Company satisfies each performance obligation to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable fee is resolved. If the contract grants the client the option to acquire additional products or services, the Company assesses whether any discount on the included products and services is in excess of levels normally available to similar clients and, if so, accounts for that discount as an additional performance obligation.

Software licenses

The Company has concluded that its software licenses are distinct performance obligations, as the client can benefit from the software on its own. Software license revenue is typically recognized at a point in time when control is transferred to the client, which is defined as the point in time when the client can use and benefit from the license. The software license is delivered before related services are provided and is functional without services, updates, and technical support.

Stand-alone selling price for software licenses is determined using the residual approach. The Company utilizes the residual approach as license performance obligations are sold for a broad range of amounts (the selling price is highly variable) and a stand-alone selling price is not discernible from past transactions or other observable evidence. Periodically, the Company reevaluates whether the residual approach is appropriate for its license performance obligations when sold with other performance obligations. If the standalone selling price analysis illustrates that software license performance obligations are no longer highly variable, the Company will utilize the relative allocation method for such arrangements.

Term license fees are usually payable in advance on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis over the term of the license agreement, which is typically three to five years and may be renewed for additional terms at the client’s option. Perpetual license fees are usually payable when the contract is executed.

Maintenance

Maintenance contracts entitle clients to receive technical support and software updates, on a when and if available basis, during the term of the maintenance contract. Technical support and software updates are considered distinct services but accounted for as a single performance obligation, as they each constitute a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the client. Maintenance revenue is recognized over time on a straight-line basis over the contract period.

The maintenance performance obligation is priced as a percentage of the selling price of the related software license, which is highly variable. The Company determined the standalone selling price based on this pricing relationship, which has remained constant within a narrow range, and observable data from standalone sales of maintenance, along with all other observable data.

Maintenance fees are usually payable in advance on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis over the term of the agreement.

Services

Services revenue is comprised of consulting, including software license implementations, training, reimbursable expenses, and cloud, which is derived from sales of the Company’s hosted Pega Platform and software application environments. The Company has concluded that most services are distinct performance obligations. Consulting may be provided on a stand-alone basis or bundled with other performance obligations.

• The stand-alone selling price for time and materials consulting is determined by observable prices in similar transactions without multiple performance obligations and recognized as revenue as the services are performed. Fees for time and materials consulting contracts are usually payable shortly after the service is provided.

• The stand-alone selling price for fixed price consulting is based on the estimated hours versus actual hours in similar geographies and for similar contract sizes. Revenue for fixed price consulting is recognized over time as the services are provided. Fees for fixed price consulting are usually payable as contract milestones are achieved.

• The stand-alone selling price of cloud sales of production environments is determined based on the residual approach when sold with other performance obligations and is recognized over the term of the service. The Company utilizes the residual approach as cloud performance obligations are sold for a broad range of amounts (the selling price is highly variable) and a stand-alone selling price is not discernible from past transactions or other observable evidence. Cloud fees for production environments are usually payable in advance on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis over the term of the service.

• The stand-alone selling price for cloud sales of development and testing environments is developed using observable prices in similar transactions without multiple performance obligations and is recognized over the term of the service. Cloud fees for development and testing environments are usually payable in advance on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis over the term of the service.

Contract modifications

The Company enters into amendments to previously executed contracts which constitute contract modifications. The Company assesses each of these contract modifications to determine:

1. if the additional products and services are distinct from the products and services in the original arrangement, and

2. if the amount of consideration expected for the added products and services reflects the stand-alone selling price of those products and services.

A contract modification meeting both criteria is accounted for as a separate contract. A contract modification not meeting both criteria is considered a change to the original contract and is accounted for on either:

1. a prospective basis as a termination of the existing contract and the creation of a new contract; or

2. a cumulative catch-up basis.

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NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Accounting Standards Update 2014-09

Summary of Impact of Adoption of ASU 606

The impact of the adoption of ASC 606 and ASC 340-40 on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet and unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations is:

	December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Previously reported		Adjustments		As adjusted
Assets
Accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and contract assets	$	248,331	$	134,216	$	382,547
Long-term unbilled receivables		—		160,708		160,708
Deferred income taxes		57,127		(42,887)		14,240
Deferred contract costs		—		37,924		37,924
Other assets(1)		416,148		—		416,148
Total assets	$	721,606	$	289,961	$	1,011,567
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Deferred revenue	$	195,073	$	(28,776)	$	166,297
Long-term deferred revenue		6,591		(2,885)		3,706
Deferred income tax liabilities		—		38,463		38,463
Other liabilities(2)		148,864		—		148,864
Total liabilities		350,528		6,802		357,330
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(3,494)		(2,966)		(6,460)
Retained earnings		221,926		286,125		508,051
Other equity(3)		152,646		—		152,646
Total stockholders’ equity		371,078		283,159		654,237
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	721,606	$	289,961	$	1,011,567

⁽¹⁾  Includes cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, income taxes receivable, other current assets, property and equipment, intangible assets, goodwill, and other long-term assets (as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).

⁽²⁾  Includes accounts payable, accrued expenses, accrued compensation and related expenses, income taxes payable, and other long-term liabilities (as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).

⁽³⁾ Includes common stock, additional paid-in capital, and net unrealized loss on available-for-sale marketable securities (as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).

	September 30, 2017
	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	Previously   Reported		Adjustments		As Adjusted		Previously   Reported		Adjustments		As Adjusted
Revenue:
Software license	$	41,793	$	11,441	$	53,234	$	195,220	$	36,172	$	231,392
Maintenance		62,204		(392)		61,812		180,759		(810)		179,949
Services		75,818		93		75,911		225,063		(2,542)		222,521
Total revenue		179,815		11,142		190,957		601,042		32,820		633,862
Cost of revenue:
Software license		1,276		—		1,276		3,826		—		3,826
Maintenance		6,716		—		6,716		20,945		—		20,945
Services		61,739		—		61,739		180,925		—		180,925
Total cost of revenue		69,731		—		69,731		205,696		—		205,696
Gross profit		110,084		11,142		121,226		395,346		32,820		428,166
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing		70,209		(846)		69,363		217,384		(3,140)		214,244
Research and development		41,031		—		41,031		121,089		—		121,089
General and administrative		13,133		—		13,133		38,174		—		38,174
Total operating expenses		124,373		(846)		123,527		376,647		(3,140)		373,507
(Loss) income from operations		(14,289)		11,988		(2,301)		18,699		35,960		54,659
Foreign currency transaction loss		(552)		(4,500)		(5,052)		(793)		(5,756)		(6,549)
Interest income, net		144		(4)		140		470		77		547
Other income, net		—		—		—		287		—		287
(Loss) income before benefit from income taxes		(14,697)		7,484		(7,213)		18,663		30,281		48,944
Benefit from income taxes		(12,885)		4,384		(8,501)		(17,952)		8,943		(9,009)
Net (loss) income	$	(1,812)	$	3,100	$	1,288	$	36,615	$	21,338	$	57,953
(Loss) earnings per share:
Basic	$	(0.03)			$	0.01	$	0.47			$	0.75
Diluted	$	(0.03)			$	0.01	$	0.44			$	0.70
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic		77,691				77,691		77,258				77,258
Diluted		77,691				83,323		82,717				82,717

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MARKETABLE SECURITIES (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Schedule of Marketable Securities

	September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Municipal bonds	$	46,633	$	—	$	(267)	$	46,366
Corporate bonds		53,738		1		(323)		53,416
	$	100,371	$	1	$	(590)	$	99,782

	December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Municipal bonds	$	32,996	$	—	$	(148)	$	32,848
Corporate bonds		28,757		1		(137)		28,621
	$	61,753	$	1	$	(285)	$	61,469

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RECEIVABLES, CONTRACT ASSETS, AND DEFERRED REVENUE (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Summary of Receivable

Receivables

(in thousands)	September 30,         2018		December 31,         2017
Accounts receivable	$	150,733	$	222,735
Unbilled receivables		155,964		158,898
Long-term unbilled receivables		168,929		160,708
	$	475,626	$	542,341

Summary of Unbilled Receivables

Unbilled receivables are expected to be billed in the future as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	September 30,         2018
1 Year or Less	$	155,964	48%
1-2 Years		89,177	27%
2-5 Years		79,752	25%
	$	324,893	100%

Summary of Contract Assets and Deferred Revenue

Contract assets and deferred revenue

(in thousands)	September 30,         2018		December 31,         2017
Contract assets(1)	$	2,888	$	914
Long-term contract assets(2)		1,581		—
	$	4,469	$	914
Deferred revenue	$	158,178	$	166,297
Long-term deferred revenue(3)		5,840		3,706
	$	164,018	$	170,003

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other current assets.

  ⁽²⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

  ⁽³⁾ Included in other long-term liabilities.

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DEFERRED CONTRACT COSTS (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Schedule of Impairment of Deferred Contract Costs

(in thousands)	September 30,     2018		December 31,     2017
Deferred contract costs(1)	$	50,799	$	37,924

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

Schedule of amortization of deferred contract costs

Amortization of deferred contract costs was as follows:

	Three Months Ended         September 30,				Nine Months Ended         September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Amortization of deferred contract costs(1)	$	4,208	$	3,034	$	11,806	$	8,529

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in selling and marketing expenses.

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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Change in Carrying Amount of Goodwill

The change in the carrying amount of goodwill was as follows:

(in thousands)	Nine Months Ended              September 30,
	2018
Balance as of January 1,	$	72,952
Currency translation adjustments		(55)
Balance as of September 30,	$	72,897

Schedule of Amortizable Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are recorded at cost and amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives as follows:

			September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Useful Lives		Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value(1)
Client-related intangibles		4-10 years	$	63,136	$	(49,633)	$	13,503
Technology		3-10 years		58,942		(49,067)		9,875
Other		1-5 years		5,361		(5,361)		—
			$	127,439	$	(104,061)	$	23,378

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

			December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Useful Lives		Cost		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value(1)
Client-related intangibles		4-10 years	$	63,164	$	(44,835)	$	18,329
Technology		3-10 years		58,942		(45,372)		13,570
Other		1-5 years		5,361		(5,361)		—
			$	127,467	$	(95,568)	$	31,899

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization of intangible assets was as follows:

	Three Months Ended              September 30,				Nine Months Ended              September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Cost of revenue	$	1,232	$	1,232	$	3,695	$	3,871
Selling and marketing		1,603		1,873		4,813		5,608
	$	2,835	$	3,105	$	8,508	$	9,479

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ACCRUED EXPENSES (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

(in thousands)	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Outside professional services	$	11,638	$	14,468
Income and other taxes		3,971		7,420
Marketing and sales program expenses		4,623		6,444
Dividends payable		2,365		2,344
Employee-related expenses		5,212		4,065
Other		12,020		10,767
	$	39,829	$	45,508

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

	September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	10,212	$	15,212	$	—	$	25,424
Marketable securities:
Municipal bonds	$	—	$	46,366	$	—	$	46,366
Corporate bonds		—		53,416		—		53,416
Total marketable securities	$	—	$	99,782	$	—	$	99,782
Investments in privately-held companies(1)	$	—	$	—	$	2,890	$	2,890

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

	December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	2,720	$	40,051	$	—	$	42,771
Marketable securities:
Municipal bonds	$	—	$	32,848	$	—	$	32,848
Corporate bonds		—		28,621		—		28,621
Total marketable securities	$	—	$	61,469	$	—	$	61,469
Investments in privately-held companies(1)	$	—	$	—	$	1,030	$	1,030

  ⁽¹⁾ Included in other long-term assets.

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REVENUE (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Disaggregation of Revenue

Geographic revenue

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017			2018			2017
U.S.	$	103,075	51%	$	105,059	55%	$	327,409	51%	$	376,819	59%
Other Americas		10,424	5%		9,307	5%		37,766	6%		32,890	5%
United Kingdom (“U.K.”)		19,277	9%		18,537	10%		68,450	11%		67,403	11%
Europe (excluding U.K.), Middle East, and Africa		42,254	21%		31,109	16%		101,150	16%		81,557	13%
Asia-Pacific		28,233	14%		26,945	14%		100,449	16%		75,193	12%
Total revenue	$	203,263	100%	$	190,957	100%	$	635,224	100%	$	633,862	100%

Revenue streams

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Perpetual license	$	20,276	$	12,623	$	56,829	$	81,819
Term license		32,066		40,611		128,070		149,573
Revenue recognized at a point in time		52,342		53,234		184,899		231,392
Maintenance		66,017		61,812		196,448		179,949
Cloud		22,184		13,280		57,967		36,207
Consulting		62,720		62,631		195,910		186,314
Revenue recognized over time		150,921		137,723		450,325		402,470
Total revenue	$	203,263	$	190,957	$	635,224	$	633,862
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Term license	$	32,066	$	40,611	$	128,070	$	149,573
Cloud		22,184		13,280		57,967		36,207
Maintenance		66,017		61,812		196,448		179,949
Subscription(1)		120,267		115,703		382,485		365,729
Perpetual license		20,276		12,623		56,829		81,819
Consulting		62,720		62,631		195,910		186,314
Total revenue	$	203,263	$	190,957	$	635,224	$	633,862

  ⁽¹⁾ Subscription revenue reflects client arrangements (term license, cloud, and maintenance) which may be dependent on a renewal for a client to receive continued benefit.

Revenue for Remaining Performance Obligations Expected to be Recognized

Revenue for the remaining performance obligations on existing contracts is expected to be recognized in the future as follows:

	September 30, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)	Perpetual license		Term license		Maintenance		Cloud		Consulting		Total
1 year or less	$	25,343	$	44,283	$	140,591	$	88,529	$	14,107	$	312,853	60%
1-2 years		6,490		10,063		8,877		70,815		1,830		98,075	19%
2-3 years		360		1,598		2,586		54,646		449		59,639	11%
Greater than 3 years		1,306		218		1,079		49,110		50		51,763	10%
	$	33,499	$	56,162	$	153,133	$	263,100	$	16,436	$	522,330	100%

Total Revenue of Major Clients

Clients accounting for 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue were as follows:

	Three Months Ended              September 30,				Nine Months Ended              September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Total revenue	$	203,263	$	190,957	$	635,224	$	633,862
Client A		10%		10%		*		*

  *Client accounted for less than 10% of total revenue.

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Summary of Stock Based Compensation Expense

Expense

	Three Months Ended                  September 30,				Nine Months Ended                  September 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Cost of revenues	$	4,319	$	3,613	$	12,277	$	10,913
Selling and marketing		6,198		3,976		16,895		11,482
Research and development		3,917		3,420		11,356		10,306
General and administrative		1,974		2,480		7,045		7,228
	$	16,408	$	13,489	$	47,573	$	39,929
Income tax benefit	$	(3,555)	$	(4,129)	$	(10,037)	$	(12,231)

Summary of stock based compensation award granted

Grants

The Company granted the following stock-based compensation awards:

	Nine Months Ended              September 30,
(in thousands)	Shares		Total Fair Value
RSUs(1)		1,117	$	65,569
Non-qualified stock options		1,623	$	29,372

⁽¹⁾  Includes approximately 0.1 million RSUs which were granted in connection with the election by certain employees to receive 50% of their 2018 target incentive compensation under the Company’s Corporate Incentive Compensation Plan in the form of RSUs instead of cash. Stock-based compensation of approximately $8.2 million associated with this RSU grant is expected to be recognized over a one-year period beginning on the grant date.

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INCOME TAXES (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Summary of Benefit from Income Taxes and Discrete Tax Items

Effective income tax rate

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)	2018			2017
Benefit from income taxes	$	(23,692	)	$	(9,009	)
Effective income tax rate		80	%		(18	)%

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EARNINGS PER SHARE (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Summary of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

The calculation of the basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows:

	Three Months Ended           September 30,				Nine Months Ended           September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2018		2017		2018		2017
Basic
Net (loss) income	$	(7,587)	$	1,288	$	(5,796)	$	57,953
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		78,700		77,691		78,525		77,258
(Loss) earnings per share, basic	$	(0.10)	$	0.01	$	(0.07)	$	0.75
Diluted
Net (loss) income	$	(7,587)	$	1,288	$	(5,796)	$	57,953
Weighted-average effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options		—		3,681		—		3,519
RSUs		—		1,951		—		1,940
Effect of dilutive securities		—		5,632		—		5,459
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution		78,700		83,323		78,525		82,717
(Loss) earnings per share, diluted	$	(0.10)	$	0.01	$	(0.07)	$	0.70
Outstanding anti-dilutive stock options and RSUs(1)		6,119		105		6,380		219

⁽¹⁾  Certain outstanding stock options and RSUs were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive in the period presented. These awards may be dilutive in the future.

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Summary of Impact of Adoption of ASU 606 (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Assets
Accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and contract assets						$ 382,547
Long-term unbilled receivables	[1]	$ 168,929		$ 168,929		160,708
Deferred income taxes						14,240
Deferred contract costs						37,924
Other assets	[2]					416,148
Total assets	[1]	962,643		962,643		1,011,567
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Deferred revenue	[1]	158,178		158,178		166,297
Long-term deferred revenue	[3]	5,840		5,840		3,706
Deferred income tax liabilities	[1]	36,166		36,166		38,463
Other liabilities	[4]					148,864
Total liabilities	[1]	341,788		341,788		357,330
Foreign currency translation adjustments						(6,460)
Retained earnings	[1]	496,815		496,815		508,051
Other equity	[5]					152,646
Total stockholders' equity	[1]	620,855		620,855		654,237
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	[1]	962,643		962,643		1,011,567
Revenue:
Total revenue	[1]	203,263	$ 190,957	635,224	$ 633,862
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	[1]	74,423	69,731	223,854	205,696
Gross profit	[1]	128,840	121,226	411,370	428,166
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing	[1]	87,490	69,363	269,845	214,244
Research and development	[1]	46,504	41,031	135,261	121,089
General and administrative	[1]	12,104	13,133	38,749	38,174
Total operating expenses	[1]	146,098	123,527	443,855	373,507
(Loss) income from operations	[1]	(17,258)	(2,301)	(32,485)	54,659
Foreign currency transaction loss	[1]	399	(5,052)	558	(6,549)
Interest income, net	[1]	683	140	2,076	547
Other income, net	[1]			363	287
(Loss) income before benefit from income taxes	[1]	(16,176)	(7,213)	(29,488)	48,944
Benefit from income taxes	[1]	(8,589)	(8,501)	(23,692)	(9,009)
Net (loss) income	[1]	$ (7,587)	$ 1,288	$ (5,796)	$ 57,953
(Loss) earnings per share:
Basic	[1]	$ (0.10)	$ 0.01	$ (0.07)	$ 0.75
Diluted	[1]	$ (0.10)	$ 0.01	$ (0.07)	$ 0.70
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic	[1]	78,700	77,691	78,525	77,258
Diluted	[1]	78,700	83,323	78,525	82,717
Software license
Revenue:
Total revenue	[1]	$ 52,342	$ 53,234	$ 184,899	$ 231,392
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	[1]	1,255	1,276	3,772	3,826
Maintenance
Revenue:
Total revenue	[1]	66,017	61,812	196,448	179,949
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	[1]	6,079	6,716	18,035	20,945
Services
Revenue:
Total revenue	[1]	84,904	75,911	253,877	222,521
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue	[1]	$ 67,089	61,739	$ 202,047	180,925
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09
Assets
Accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and contract assets						248,331
Deferred income taxes						57,127
Other assets	[2]					416,148
Total assets						721,606
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Deferred revenue						195,073
Long-term deferred revenue						6,591
Other liabilities	[4]					148,864
Total liabilities						350,528
Foreign currency translation adjustments						(3,494)
Retained earnings						221,926
Other equity	[5]					152,646
Total stockholders' equity						371,078
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity						721,606
Revenue:
Total revenue			179,815		601,042
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue			69,731		205,696
Gross profit			110,084		395,346
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing			70,209		217,384
Research and development			41,031		121,089
General and administrative			13,133		38,174
Total operating expenses			124,373		376,647
(Loss) income from operations			(14,289)		18,699
Foreign currency transaction loss			(552)		(793)
Interest income, net			144		470
Other income, net					287
(Loss) income before benefit from income taxes			(14,697)		18,663
Benefit from income taxes			(12,885)		(17,952)
Net (loss) income			$ (1,812)		$ 36,615
(Loss) earnings per share:
Basic			$ (0.03)		$ 0.47
Diluted			$ (0.03)		$ 0.44
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic			77,691		77,258
Diluted			77,691		82,717
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 | Software license
Revenue:
Total revenue			$ 41,793		$ 195,220
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue			1,276		3,826
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 | Maintenance
Revenue:
Total revenue			62,204		180,759
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue			6,716		20,945
Calculated under Revenue Guidance in Effect before Topic 606 [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 | Services
Revenue:
Total revenue			75,818		225,063
Cost of revenue:
Total cost of revenue			61,739		180,925
Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09
Assets
Accounts receivable, unbilled receivables, and contract assets						134,216
Long-term unbilled receivables						160,708
Deferred income taxes						(42,887)
Deferred contract costs						37,924
Total assets						289,961
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Deferred revenue						(28,776)
Long-term deferred revenue						(2,885)
Deferred income tax liabilities						38,463
Total liabilities						6,802
Foreign currency translation adjustments						(2,966)
Retained earnings						286,125
Total stockholders' equity						283,159
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity						$ 289,961
Revenue:
Total revenue			11,142		32,820
Cost of revenue:
Gross profit			11,142		32,820
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing			(846)		(3,140)
Total operating expenses			(846)		(3,140)
(Loss) income from operations			11,988		35,960
Foreign currency transaction loss			(4,500)		(5,756)
Interest income, net			(4)		77
(Loss) income before benefit from income taxes			7,484		30,281
Benefit from income taxes			4,384		8,943
Net (loss) income			3,100		21,338
Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 | Software license
Revenue:
Total revenue			11,441		36,172
Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 | Maintenance
Revenue:
Total revenue			(392)		(810)
Difference between Revenue Guidance in Effect before and after Topic 606 [Member] | Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 | Services
Revenue:
Total revenue			$ 93		$ (2,542)

[1] On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. "New Accounting Pronouncements" for additional information.

[2] Includes cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, income taxes receivable, other current assets, property and equipment, intangible assets, goodwill, and other long-term assets (as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017)

[3] Included in other long-term liabilities.

[4] Includes accounts payable, accrued expenses, accrued compensation and related expenses, income taxes payable, and other long-term liabilities (as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).

[5] Includes common stock, additional paid-in capital, and net unrealized loss on available-for-sale marketable securities (as reflected in the consolidated balance sheets in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017).

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Schedule of Marketable Securities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost		$ 100,371	$ 61,753
Unrealized Gains		1	1
Unrealized Losses		(590)	(285)
Fair Value	[1]	99,782	61,469
Municipal bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost		46,633	32,996
Unrealized Losses		(267)	(148)
Fair Value		46,366	32,848
Corporate bonds
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Amortized Cost		53,738	28,757
Unrealized Gains		1	1
Unrealized Losses		(323)	(137)
Fair Value		$ 53,416	$ 28,621

[1] On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. "New Accounting Pronouncements" for additional information.

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Marketable Securities - Additional Information (Detail)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Weighted-average remaining maturity period of marketable debt securities, months	1 year 6 months
Minimum
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Remaining maturities of marketable debt securities	2018-10
Maximum
Debt Securities, Available-for-sale [Line Items]
Remaining maturities of marketable debt securities	2021-08

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Summary of Receivable (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounts Receivable and Unbilled Receivable [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	[1]	$ 150,733	$ 222,735
Unbilled receivables	[1]	155,964	158,898
Long-term unbilled receivables	[1]	168,929	160,708
Total receivables		$ 475,626	$ 542,341

[1] On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. "New Accounting Pronouncements" for additional information.

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Summary of Unbilled Receivables (Detail) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Accounts Receivable and Unbilled Receivable [Line Items]
1 Year or Less	$ 155,964
1-2 Years	89,177
2-5 Years	79,752
Total	$ 324,893
Percentage of unbilled receivables, 1 Year or Less	48.00%
Percentage of unbilled receivables, 1-2 Years	27.00%
Percentage of unbilled receivables, 2-5 Years	25.00%
Total percentage of unbilled receivables	100.00%

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Summary of Contract Assets and Deferred Revenue (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounts Receivable Net [Line Items]
Contract assets	[1]	$ 2,888	$ 914
Long-term contract assets	[2]	1,581
Total contract assets		4,469	914
Deferred revenue	[3]	158,178	166,297
Long-term deferred revenue	[4]	5,840	3,706
Total deferred revenue		$ 164,018	$ 170,003

[1] Included in other current assets.

[2] Included in other long-term assets.

[3] On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. "New Accounting Pronouncements" for additional information.

[4] Included in other long-term liabilities.

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Receivables, Contract Assets, and Deferred Revenue - Additional Information (Detail) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounts Receivable Net [Line Items]
Deferred Revenue	$ 225.1
Receivables
Accounts Receivable Net [Line Items]
Number Of clients	0	0
Credit Concentration Risk | Receivables | Minimum
Accounts Receivable Net [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	10.00%	10.00%

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Deferred Contract Costs - Additional Information (Detail)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018
Amortized period	5 years

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Schedule of Impairment of Deferred Contract Costs (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Deferred Contract Cost [Line Items]
Deferred contract costs	[1]	$ 50,799	$ 37,924

[1] Included in other long-term assets.

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Schedule of Amortization of Deferred Contract Costs (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Deferred Contract Cost [Line Items]
Amortization of deferred contract costs	[1]	$ 4,208	$ 3,034	$ 11,806	$ 8,529

[1] Included in selling and marketing expenses.

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Change in Carrying Amount of Goodwill (Detail) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Goodwill [Line Items]
Balance as of January 1,	$ 72,952	[1]
Currency translation adjustments	(55)
Balance as of September 30,	$ 72,897	[1]

[1] On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. "New Accounting Pronouncements" for additional information.

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Schedule of Amortizable Intangible Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost		$ 127,439	$ 127,467
Accumulated Amortization		(104,061)	(95,568)
Net Book Value	[1]	23,378	31,899
Client related intangibles
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost		63,136	63,164
Accumulated Amortization		(49,633)	(44,835)
Net Book Value	[1]	$ 13,503	$ 18,329
Client related intangibles | Minimum
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Lives		4 years	4 years
Client related intangibles | Maximum
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Lives		10 years	10 years
Technology
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost		$ 58,942	$ 58,942
Accumulated Amortization		(49,067)	(45,372)
Net Book Value	[1]	$ 9,875	$ 13,570
Technology | Minimum
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Lives		3 years	3 years
Technology | Maximum
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Lives		10 years	10 years
Other intangibles
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost		$ 5,361	$ 5,361
Accumulated Amortization		$ (5,361)	$ (5,361)
Other intangibles | Minimum
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Lives		1 year	1 year
Other intangibles | Maximum
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Lives		5 years	5 years

[1] Included in other long-term assets.

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Amortization of Intangible Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total amortization expense	$ 2,835	$ 3,105	$ 8,508	$ 9,479
Cost of revenue
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total amortization expense	1,232	1,232	3,695	3,871
Selling and marketing
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total amortization expense	$ 1,603	$ 1,873	$ 4,813	$ 5,608

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Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Schedule of Accrued Liabilities [Line Items]
Outside professional services		$ 11,638	$ 14,468
Income and other taxes		3,971	7,420
Marketing and sales program expenses		4,623	6,444
Dividends payable		2,365	2,344
Employee-related expenses		5,212	4,065
Other		12,020	10,767
Total accrued expenses	[1]	$ 39,829	$ 45,508

[1] On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. "New Accounting Pronouncements" for additional information.

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Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Amount of transfers between Levels	$ 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Impairments recognized on assets	$ 0	$ 0

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Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Detail) - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Assets
Cash equivalents		$ 25,424	$ 42,771
Total marketable securities		99,782	61,469
Municipal bonds
Fair Value Assets
Total marketable securities		46,366	32,848
Corporate bonds
Fair Value Assets
Total marketable securities		53,416	28,621
Investments in Privately-Held Companies
Fair Value Assets
Investments in privately-held companies	[1]	2,890	1,030
Level 1
Fair Value Assets
Cash equivalents		10,212	2,720
Level 2
Fair Value Assets
Cash equivalents		15,212	40,051
Total marketable securities		99,782	61,469
Level 2 | Municipal bonds
Fair Value Assets
Total marketable securities		46,366	32,848
Level 2 | Corporate bonds
Fair Value Assets
Total marketable securities		53,416	28,621
Level 3 | Investments in Privately-Held Companies
Fair Value Assets
Investments in privately-held companies	[1]	$ 2,890	$ 1,030

[1] Included in other long-term assets.

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Revenue - Additional Information (Detail)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Total Revenue
Revenues [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Minimum | Total Revenue | Credit Concentration Risk
Revenues [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage			10.00%
Software license | Minimum
Revenues [Line Items]
Term of Agreement	3 years		3 years
Software license | Maximum
Revenues [Line Items]
Term of Agreement	5 years		5 years

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Disaggregation of Revenue (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	[1]	$ 203,263	$ 190,957	$ 635,224	$ 633,862
Revenue recognized at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		52,342	53,234	184,899	231,392
Revenue recognized over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		150,921	137,723	450,325	402,470
Perpetual License
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		20,276	12,623	56,829	81,819
Term License
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		32,066	40,611	128,070	149,573
Maintenance
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	[1]	66,017	61,812	196,448	179,949
Cloud
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		22,184	13,280	57,967	36,207
Consulting
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		62,720	62,631	195,910	186,314
Subscription
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	[2]	120,267	115,703	382,485	365,729
United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		103,075	105,059	327,409	376,819
Other Americas
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		10,424	9,307	37,766	32,890
United Kingdom (U.K.)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		19,277	18,537	68,450	67,403
Europe (excluding U.K.), Middle East, and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		42,254	31,109	101,150	81,557
Asia Pacific
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue		$ 28,233	$ 26,945	$ 100,449	$ 75,193
Total Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of sale revenue net		100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Total Revenue | United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of sale revenue net		51.00%	55.00%	51.00%	59.00%
Total Revenue | Other Americas
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of sale revenue net		5.00%	5.00%	6.00%	5.00%
Total Revenue | United Kingdom (U.K.)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of sale revenue net		9.00%	10.00%	11.00%	11.00%
Total Revenue | Europe (excluding U.K.), Middle East, and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of sale revenue net		21.00%	16.00%	16.00%	13.00%
Total Revenue | Asia Pacific
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of sale revenue net		14.00%	14.00%	16.00%	12.00%

[1] On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. "New Accounting Pronouncements" for additional information.

[2] Subscription revenue reflects client arrangements (term license, cloud, and maintenance) which may be subject to a renewal.

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Revenue for Remaining Performance Obligations Expected to be Recognized (Detail) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)
1 year or less	$ 312,853
1-2 years	98,075
2-3 years	59,639
Greater than 3 years	51,763
Total	$ 522,330
Percentage of remaining performance obligations,1 year or less	60.00%
Percentage of remaining performance obligations, 1-2 years	19.00%
Percentage of remaining performance obligations, 2-3 years	11.00%
Percentage of remaining performance obligations, Greater than 3 years	10.00%
Total percentage of remaining performance obligations	100.00%
Perpetual License
1 year or less	$ 25,343
1-2 years	6,490
2-3 years	360
Greater than 3 years	1,306
Total	33,499
Term License
1 year or less	44,283
1-2 years	10,063
2-3 years	1,598
Greater than 3 years	218
Total	56,162
Maintenance
1 year or less	140,591
1-2 years	8,877
2-3 years	2,586
Greater than 3 years	1,079
Total	153,133
Cloud
1 year or less	88,529
1-2 years	70,815
2-3 years	54,646
Greater than 3 years	49,110
Total	263,100
Consulting
1 year or less	14,107
1-2 years	1,830
2-3 years	449
Greater than 3 years	50
Total	$ 16,436

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Total Revenue of Major Clients (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 203,263	$ 190,957	$ 635,224	$ 633,862
Total Revenue
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Credit Concentration Risk | Total Revenue | Client A
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	10.00%	10.00%

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Total Revenue of Major Clients (Parenthetical) (Detail) - Total Revenue	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Credit Concentration Risk | Client A
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	10.00%	10.00%
Credit Concentration Risk | Client A | Maximum
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage			10.00%

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Summary of Stock Based Compensation Expense (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018		Sep. 30, 2017
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation before tax	$ 16,408	$ 13,489	$ 47,573	[1]	$ 39,929	[1]
Income tax benefit	(3,555)	(4,129)	(10,037)		(12,231)
Cost of revenue
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation before tax	4,319	3,613	12,277		10,913
Selling and marketing
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation before tax	6,198	3,976	16,895		11,482
Research and development
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation before tax	3,917	3,420	11,356		10,306
General and administrative
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation before tax	$ 1,974	$ 2,480	$ 7,045		$ 7,228

[1] On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. "New Accounting Pronouncements" for additional information.

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Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($) shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense | $	$ 74.2
Weighted-average period of recognition of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense (in years)	2 years 2 months 12 days
Shares issued | shares	1.2

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Stock-based compensation - Summary of stock based compensation award granted (Detail) - Employees $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($) shares
RSUs
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Number of shares granted, RSUs | shares	1,117	[1]
Fair value of shares granted | $	$ 65,569	[1]
Nonqualified Stock Options
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Number of shares granted, options | shares	1,623
Fair value of shares granted | $	$ 29,372

[1] Includes approximately 0.1 million RSUs which were granted in connection with the election by certain employees to receive 50% of their 2018 target incentive compensation under the Company's Corporate Incentive Compensation Plan in the form of RSUs instead of cash. Stock-based compensation of approximately $8.2 million associated with this RSU grant is expected to be recognized over a one-year period beginning on the grant date.

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Stock-based compensation - Summary of stock based compensation award granted (Parenthetical) (Detail) - RSUs - Employees shares in Millions, $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($) shares
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
RSUs granted in connection with the current year's CICP | shares	0.1
Percentage of target incentive compensation eligible to be elected and received by employees in the form of RSUs	50.00%
Restricted stock compensation expense | $	$ 8.2
Total stock-based compensation, period of recognition	1 year

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Summary of Benefit from Income Taxes and Discrete Tax Items (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Line Items]
Benefit from income taxes	[1]	$ (8,589)	$ (8,501)	$ (23,692)	$ (9,009)
Effective income tax rate				80.00%	(18.00%)

[1] On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. "New Accounting Pronouncements" for additional information.

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Income Tax - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Effective Tax Rate Reconciling Items [Line Items]
Statutory federal income tax rate		21.00%	35.00%
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act 2017, Incomplete accounting provisional income tax expense (benefit)	$ 20.4
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09
Effective Tax Rate Reconciling Items [Line Items]
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, Change in Tax Rate, Deferred Tax Liability, Income Tax Benefit	$ 12.6

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Summary of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Earning per share reconciliation
Net (loss) income	[1]	$ (7,587)	$ 1,288	$ (5,796)	$ 57,953
Weighted-average common shares outstanding	[1]	78,700	77,691	78,525	77,258
(Loss) earnings per share, basic	[1]	$ (0.10)	$ 0.01	$ (0.07)	$ 0.75
Net (loss) income	[1]	$ (7,587)	$ 1,288	$ (5,796)	$ 57,953
Effect of dilutive securities			5,632		5,459
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution	[1]	78,700	83,323	78,525	82,717
(Loss) earnings per share, diluted	[1]	$ (0.10)	$ 0.01	$ (0.07)	$ 0.70
Outstanding anti-dilutive stock options and RSUs	[2]	6,119	105	6,380	219
Stock Options
Earning per share reconciliation
Weighted-average effect of dilutive securities			3,681		3,519
RSUs
Earning per share reconciliation
Weighted-average effect of dilutive securities			1,951		1,940

[1] On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted the ASC 606 revenue recognition standard and has adjusted prior periods to conform. See Note 2. "New Accounting Pronouncements" for additional information.

[2] Certain outstanding stock options and RSUs were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were anti-dilutive in the period presented. These awards may be dilutive in the future.