10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT of 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT of 1934

Commission File No. 1-11859

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Massachusetts	04-2787865
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)
One Rogers Street, Cambridge, MA	02142-1209
(Address of principal executive offices)	(zip code)

(617) 374-9600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☒    No   ☐

Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.    Yes   ☐     No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging company,” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐  (Do not check if smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

The aggregate market value of the Registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates, based upon the closing price of the Registrant’s common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market of $58.35, on June 30, 2017 was approximately $2.2 billion.

There were 78,099,419 shares of the Registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding on February 14, 2018.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement related to its 2018 annual meeting of stockholders to be filed subsequently are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
	PART I
1	Business		4
1A	Risk Factors		12
1B	Unresolved Staff Comments		21
2	Properties		22
3	Legal Proceedings		22
4	Mine Safety Disclosures		22
	PART II
5	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities		23
6	Selected Financial Data		25
7	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		26
7A	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk		40
8	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data		41
9	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure		73
9A	Controls and Procedures		73
9B	Other Information		73
	PART III
10	Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance		74
11	Executive Compensation		75
12	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters		75
13	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence		76
14	Principal Accounting Fees and Services		76
	PART IV
15	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules		77
16	Form 10-K Summary		79
	Signatures		80

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PART I

Forward-looking statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”), including without limitation, Item 1. “Business”, Item 1A. “Risk Factors”. Item 5. “Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” and Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains or incorporates forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for all forward-looking statements. In addition, other written or oral statements that constitute forward-looking statements may be made by us or on our behalf. Words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “may,” “target,” “strategy,” “is intended to,” “project,” “guidance,” “likely,” “usually,” or variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industry and markets in which we operate, and management’s beliefs and assumptions. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. These statements include, among other things, statements regarding:

• our future financial performance and business plans;

• the adequacy of our liquidity and capital resources;

• the continued payment of our quarterly dividends;

• the timing of revenue recognition under license and cloud arrangements;

• the expected benefits to our clients and potential clients of our product and service offerings;

• the growth of our business and revenues and our expectations about the factors that influence our success and trends in our business;

• our expectation that revenue will continue to shift from perpetual licenses towards term licenses and cloud arrangements;

• our international operations providing a significant portion of our total revenues;

• our backlog of license, maintenance, cloud, and services agreements and the timing of future cash receipts from committed license and cloud arrangements;

• our belief that our acquisitions should allow us to grow and continue to make investments in research and development;

• our expectation that research and development expenses and sales and marketing expenses will continue to increase in absolute dollar values and may increase as a percentage of revenues;

• our expectations regarding the impact of recent accounting pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements;

• our beliefs regarding the impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform Act”), including its impact on income tax expense and deferred tax assets;

• our beliefs that our net deferred tax assets will be realized in the foreseeable future, that we have adequately provided under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for uncertain tax benefits, and that the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries are considered permanently reinvested; and

• exposure to foreign currency exchange rates and continued realization of gains or losses with respect to our foreign currency exposures.

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Factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those expressed in forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those identified in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report.

Except as required by law, we have no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or risks. New information, future events or risks may cause actual results to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Our Business

We develop, market, license, and support software applications for customer engagement and digital process automation, in addition to licensing our Pega^® Platform application development product for clients that wish to build and extend their own applications. We are helping our clients accelerate digital transformation, by realizing high customer engagement and achieving operational excellence, and leveraging our artificial intelligence (AI) and Robotics technology. Our cloud-architecture customer engagement and digital process automation applications—built on our unified Pega Platform—empower businesses with comprehensive no-code tools to design, extend, and scale their enterprise applications to meet strategic business needs.

To grow our business, we intend to:

• Grow market share by developing and delivering market-leading applications for marketing, sales, service, and operations that can work together seamlessly with maximum differentiation and minimal customization;

• Execute new-market growth initiatives, further expanding coverage within the Global 3000; and

• Continue to scale our digital platform and invest in awareness marketing to support the way today’s clients want to buy.

Whether or not we are successful depends, in part, on our ability to:

• Successfully execute our marketing and sales strategies;

• Appropriately manage our expenses as we grow our organization;

• Effectively develop new products and enhance our existing product; and

• Successfully incorporate acquired technologies into our customer relationship management (“CRM”) applications and unified Pega Platform.

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Our Products

The Pega Platform and applications help connect enterprises to their customers in real-time across channels, streamline business operations, and adapt to meet changing requirements.

Our applications and platform intersect with and encompass several software markets, including:

• Customer Relationship Management (“CRM”),

• Business Process Management (“BPM”) and Digital Process Automation (“DPA”),

• Robotic Process Automation (“RPA”),

• Business Rules Management Systems (“BRMS”),

• Dynamic Case Management (“DCM”),

• Decision Management, including Predictive and Adaptive analytics,

• No-code and low-code application development platforms, including Mobile Application Development Platforms (“MADP”), and

• Vertical Specific Software (“VSS”) market of industry solutions and packaged applications.

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Customer engagement

Our omni-channel customer engagement applications are designed to maximize the lifetime value of customers and help reduce the costs of serving customers while ensuring a consistent, unified, and personalized customer experience. At the center of our customer engagement-or CRM-applications is the Customer Decision Hub, our real-time AI engine, which leads the industry in its ability to predict a customer’s behavior and recommend the “Next-best-action” to take across channels in real-time.

• The Pega^® Marketing application is designed to enable enterprises to improve customer acquisition and experiences across inbound, outbound, and paid media channels. It incorporates AI in the form of predictive and machine-learning analytics, as well as business rules, and executes these decisions in real-time to evaluate the context of each customer interaction and dynamically deliver the most relevant action, offer, content, and channel.

• The Pega^® Sales Automation application automates and manages the entire sales process, from prospecting to product fulfillment. Our software allows enterprises to capture best practices, and leverages AI to guide sales teams through the sales and customer onboarding processes.

• The Pega^® Customer Service application is designed to anticipate customer needs, connect customers to the right people and systems, and automate or intelligently guide customer interactions, to rapidly and continuously evolve the customer service experience and to allow enterprises to deliver consistent interactions across channels and improve employee productivity. The application consists of a contact center desktop, case management for customer service, chat, knowledge management, mobile field service, omni-channel self-service, AI-powered virtual assistants, and industry-specific processes and data models.

Digital process automation

Pegasystems offers industry-specific software applications built on the Pega Platform. These applications provide businesses with robust capabilities to automate industry-specific business processes. As they are built on the Pega Platform, these applications deliver flexibility beyond traditional, “off the shelf” products. Our applications allow our clients to offer differentiated service and value to their customers. The Pega Platform empowers organizations to implement new processes quickly, refine customer experiences, bring new offerings to market, and provide customized or specialized automated processing.

Our capabilities

Real-time, Omni-channel AI

AI has been around for many years, in many forms, yet only in the past decade businesses have started experiencing its practical applications fueled by the new abundance of data to power decisions and ever-increasing customer expectations. Our CRM and other applications built on the Pega platform, leverage predictive and adaptive analytics to deliver more personalized customer experiences and maximize business objectives. The Pega Customer Decision Hub^®, a centralized, always-on “brain” unleashes the power of predictive analytics, machine learning, and real-time decisioning across our clients’ data, systems, and touchpoints—orchestrating engagement on and across customer interactions channels.

End-to-end robotic automation

Pega brings together Robotic Automation capabilities-for both human-assisted robotic desktop automation and unattended robotic process automation-with our unified BPM, and case management capabilities. This gives our applications and platform the ability to automate both customer-facing processes and back-office operational processes from “end-to-end,” connecting across organizational and system silos to seamlessly and efficiently connect customers and employees to outcomes.

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Journey-centric rapid delivery

Our CRM and DPA solutions are designed to improve targeted customer outcomes, quickly and with out-of-the-box functionality that connects enterprise data and systems to customer experience channels. From there, organizations can scale, one customer journey-at-a-time, to realize greater value while delivering increasingly consistent and personalized customer experiences.

Software that writes your software

Our approach bypasses the error-prone and time-consuming process of manually translating requirements into code. Users design software in no-code visual models that reflect the needs of the business. The software application is created and optimized automatically and directly from the model, helping to close the costly gap between vision and execution. Changes to the code are made by changing the model, and application documentation is generated directly from the model. The Pega Platform is standards-based and can leverage a client’s existing technology to create new business applications that cross technology silos and bridge front and back-office.

Unified future-proof platform

Pega offers a unified digital process automation platform, combining robotics, process automation, and case management together in a unified architecture. We build in powerful decision analytics, designed to allow our clients to automate any process while working faster and smarter. Our no-code architecture is designed to empower organizations to scale across all dimensions of their business, including product lines, departments, and geographies, by reusing components and avoiding the traditional method of deploying multiple CRM and BPM instances that lead to even more silos and disjointed customer experiences.

Cloud choice

Pega Cloud^® Services allow clients to develop, test, and deploy, on an accelerated basis, our CRM applications and Pega Platform using a secure, flexible internet-based infrastructure. Pega Cloud provides production, development, and testing (“Dev/Test”) services to accelerate the development and deployment of Pega applications and the Pega Platform. This allows our clients to minimize infrastructure cost while focusing on core revenue generating competencies.

Additionally, the Pega Platform and CRM applications are deployable on other cloud architectures, including client or partner-managed clouds. This cloud choice gives our clients the ability to select, and change as needed, the best cloud architecture for the security, data access, speed-to-market, and budget requirements of each application they deploy.

Our Services and Support

We offer services and support through our Global Customer Success group, our Global Customer Support group, and our Pega^® Academy training services group. We also use third-party contractors to assist us in providing these services.

Global Customer Success

Our Global Customer Success group combines our sales and Pega consulting groups and provides guidance and implementation services to our clients and partners on how to best apply our technology and develop strong implementation expertise.

Global Customer Support

Our Global Customer Support group oversees technical support of our products and Pega Cloud. Support services include managing the online support community, proactive problem prevention through information and knowledge sharing, and problem tracking, prioritization, escalation, diagnosis, and resolution.

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PegaAcademy—Training Services

The success of our sales strategy for repeat sales to target clients depends on our ability to train a large number of partners and clients to implement our technology.

We offer training for our staff, clients, and partners through the following means:

• Instructor-led training is offered at our regional training facilities in the Americas, the United Kingdom (the “U.K.”), Asia Pacific, and at third-party facilities in numerous other locations, including client sites.

• Online training is a convenient way to learn our software anytime, anywhere. We expect online training to continue to help expand the number of trained and certified experts globally.

We have also partnered with universities to offer Pega courseware as part of the student curriculum, taught by Pega instructors and university professors to expand our ecosystem.

Our Partners

We collaborate with global systems integrators and technology consulting firms that provide consulting services to our clients. Strategic partnerships with technology consulting firms and systems integrators are important to our sales efforts because they influence buying decisions, help us to identify sales opportunities, and complement our software with their domain expertise and services capabilities. These partners may deliver strategic business planning, consulting, project management, and implementation services to our clients.

Currently, our partners include well-respected, major firms such as Accenture PLC, Atos SE, Capgemini SA, Cognizant Technology Solutions Corporation, EY, Infosys Limited, PwC, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Tech Mahindra Limited, Virtusa Corporation, and Wipro Limited.

Our Markets

Target Clients

Our target clients are industry-leading Global 3000 organizations and government agencies that require applications to differentiate themselves in the markets they serve. This is achieved by increasing business agility, driving growth, improving productivity, attracting and retaining customers, and reducing risk. We deliver applications tailored to our clients’ specific industry needs. We also enable enterprise transformation initiatives by providing an application development platform that digitizes end-to-end processes and allows for multi-channel customer interactions, all enhanced by Pega Next-Best-Action analytics.

Our clients represent a number of industries including:

• Financial Services—Financial services organizations rely on software to market, onboard, cross-sell, retain, and service their customers as well as automate the operations that support these customer interactions. Our customer service, sales and new account onboarding, Know Your Customer (“KYC”), marketing, collections, and dispute management applications allow clients to be responsive to changing business requirements.

• Healthcare—Healthcare organizations seek software that integrates their front and back-offices and helps them deliver personalized care and customer service while reducing cost, automating processes, and increasing operational efficiency. Our applications allow healthcare clients to address sales, service, operations, financial, administrative, and coverage requirements of healthcare consumerism and reform.

• Manufacturing and high tech—Manufacturers worldwide are transforming their businesses to better engage customers and suppliers, as well as to directly manage product performance throughout the product life-cycle. Our manufacturing applications address customer service and field service; manage warranties, recalls, repairs, and returns; improve the performance of direct sales forces; and extend existing enterprise resource planning system capabilities.

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• Communications and media—Communications and media organizations need to address high levels of customer churn, growing pressure to increase revenue, and an ability to respond quickly to changing market conditions. Our applications enable organizations to reshape the way they engage with customers and increase customer lifetime value throughout the customer lifecycle by delivering omni-channel, personalized customer journeys. Our applications are designed to solve the most critical business issues from acquiring more customers at higher margin, increasing cross-sell/up-sell, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of customer service, and streamlining sales and quoting.

• Insurance—Insurance companies, whether competing globally or nationally, need software to automate the key activities of distribution management, quoting, underwriting, claims, and policy servicing. Insurers are also becoming increasingly sensitive to ways to improve customer service and the overall customer experience. Our applications for insurance carriers are designed to help increase business value by delivering customer-focused experiences and personalized interactions that help drive higher sales, lower expense ratios, and mitigate risk.

• Government—Government agencies need to modernize legacy systems and processes to meet the growing demands for improved constituent service, lower costs, reduced fraud, and greater levels of transparency. Our applications deliver advanced capabilities to help streamline operations and optimize service delivery through an agile, omni-channel approach.

• Consumer Services—Organizations that provide services to a range of consumers in industries such as airlines/transportation, utilities, consumer-focused internet companies, retail, and hospitality and entertainment. Our marketing, customer service, and sales applications allow these organizations to personalize their customer engagement to acquire more customers, drive revenue through cross-sell/up-sell, and increase service efficiency while increasing customer satisfaction.

• Life Sciences—Life sciences organizations are looking for solutions to improve customer engagement as well as increase efficiencies and transparency across the product development life-cycle. Our customer engagement, clinical, and pharmacovigilance applications are designed to deliver customer engagement, safety and risk management, and regulatory transparency.

We also offer software to a broad range of other types of companies and industries. For example, we license our applications and platform to clients in travel, transportation, retail, and other services.

Competition

The markets for our offerings are intensely competitive, rapidly changing, and highly fragmented, as current competitors expand their product offerings and new companies enter the market.

We encounter competition from:

• CRM application vendors;

• BPM vendors, including no-code and low-code application development platforms, and service-oriented architecture middleware vendors;

• Case management vendors;

• Decision management, data science and AI vendors, as well as vendors of solutions that leverage decision making and data science in managing customer relationships and marketing;

• Robotic automation and workforce intelligence software providers;

• Companies that provide application specific software for the financial services, healthcare, insurance, and other specific markets;

• Mobile application platform vendors;

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• Co-browsing software providers;

• Social listening, text analytics, and natural language processing vendors;

• Professional service organizations that develop their own products or create custom software in conjunction with rendering consulting services; and

• Clients’ in-house information technology departments, which may seek to modify their existing systems or develop their own proprietary systems.

Competitors vary in size, scope and breadth of the products and services they offer and include some of the largest companies in the world, such as Salesforce.com, Microsoft Corporation, Oracle Corporation, SAP SE, and International Business Machines Corporation (IBM).

We have been most successful competing for clients whose businesses are characterized by a high degree of change, complexity, or regulation. We believe the principal competitive factors within our market include:

• Product adaptability, scalability, functionality, and performance;

• Proven success in delivering cost-savings and efficiency improvements;

• Proven success in enabling improved customer interactions;

• Ease-of-use for developers, business units, and end-users;

• Timely development and introduction of new products and product enhancements;

• Establishment of a significant base of reference clients;

• Ability to integrate with other products and technologies;

• Customer service and support;

• Product price;

• Vendor reputation; and

• Relationships with systems integrators.

We believe we are competitively differentiated as our unified Pega Platform is designed to allow both client business and IT staff, using a single, intuitive user interface, to build and evolve enterprise applications in a fraction of the time it would take with disjointed architectures and tools offered by our competitors. In addition, our applications, built on the Pega Platform, provide the same level of flexibility and ability to adapt to our clients’ needs. We believe we compete favorably due to our expertise in our target industries and our long-standing client relationships. We believe we compete less favorably on the basis of some of these factors with respect to our larger competitors, many of which have greater sales, marketing, and financial resources, more extensive geographical presence, and greater name recognition than we do. In addition, we may be at a disadvantage with respect to our ability to provide expertise outside our target industries. See “Risk Factors—The market for our offerings is intensely and increasingly competitive, rapidly changing, and highly fragmented.” in Item 1A of this Annual Report.

Intellectual Property

We rely primarily on a combination of copyright, patent, trademark, and trade secrets laws, as well as confidentiality and intellectual property agreements to protect our proprietary rights. We have obtained patents relating to our system architecture and products in strategic global markets. We enter into confidentiality, intellectual property ownership, and license agreements with our employees, partners, clients, and other third parties. We also control access to and ownership of software, services, documentation, and other proprietary information as means to protect our proprietary rights.

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Sales and Marketing

We sell our software and services primarily through a direct sales force. In addition, strategic partnerships with management consulting firms and major systems integrators are important to our sales efforts because they influence buying decisions, help us identify sales opportunities, and complement our software and services with their domain expertise and consulting capabilities. We also partner with technology providers and application developers.

To support our sales efforts, we conduct a broad range of marketing programs, including awareness advertising, client and industry-targeted solution campaigns, trade shows, including our PegaWorld^® user conference, solution seminars and webinars, industry analyst and press relations, Web and digital marketing, community development, social media, and other direct and indirect marketing efforts. Our consulting staff, business partners, and other third parties also conduct joint and separate marketing campaigns that generate sales leads.

Sales by Geography

See Note 17, “Geographic Information and Major Clients,” included in Item 8 and “Risk Factors—We face risks from operations and clients based outside of the U.S.” in Item 1A of this Annual Report.

Research and Development

Our development organization is responsible for product architecture, core technology development, product testing, and quality assurance. Our product development priority is to continue expanding the capabilities of our technology. We intend to maintain and extend the support of our existing applications, and we may choose to invest in additional strategic applications which incorporate the latest business innovations. We also intend to maintain and extend the support of popular hardware platforms, operating systems, databases, and connectivity options to facilitate easy and rapid deployment in diverse IT infrastructures. Our goal with all of our products is to enhance product capabilities, ease of implementation, long-term flexibility, and the ability to provide improved client service.

During 2017, 2016, and 2015, research and development expenses were approximately $162.9 million, $145.5 million, and $126.4 million, respectively. See Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Annual Report. We expect that we will continue to commit significant resources to our product research and development in the future to maintain our leadership position.

Employees

As of January 31, 2018 we had 4,237 employees worldwide, of which 1,768 were based in North America, 834 were based in Europe, and 1,635 were based in Asia Pacific.

Backlog

As of December 31, 2017, we had software license, maintenance, cloud, and services agreements with clients not yet recognized in revenue (“backlog”) of approximately $850.3 million. As of December 31, 2016, we had approximately $707.8 million in backlog.

Under some of these agreements, we must fulfill certain conditions prior to recognizing revenue, and there can be no assurance when, if ever, we will be able to satisfy all such conditions in each instance. Additionally, some backlog amounts may not be recognized as revenue in future periods as a result of the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard (“ASC 606”) effective January 1, 2018. See Note 2. “Significant Accounting Polices” in Item 8 of this Annual Report.

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Backlog may vary in any given period depending on the amount and timing of when arrangements are executed, as well as the mix between perpetual license, term license, and cloud arrangements. See Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Annual Report for a discussion on license and cloud backlog, which excludes future revenue from maintenance and service arrangements.

Available Information

Pegasystems Inc. was incorporated in Massachusetts in 1983. Our stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol PEGA. Our website is located at www.pega.com and our investor relations website is located at www.pega.com/about/investors.

We make available our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports, free of charge through our website (www.pega.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish such material to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). We also make available on our website reports filed by our executive officers and Directors on Forms 3, 4, and 5 regarding their ownership of our securities. Our Code of Conduct, and any amendments to our Code of Conduct, are also available on our website at www.pega.com/about/leadership on the “Governance” tab.

The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing us. Other events that we do not currently anticipate or that we currently deem immaterial also may affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Factors relating to our financial results

We may not be able to achieve the key elements of our strategy and grow our business as anticipated.

We currently intend to grow our business by pursuing strategic initiatives. Key elements of our strategy include continuing to grow our market share by developing and delivering robust applications for marketing, sales automation, customer service, and operations that can work together seamlessly with maximum differentiation and minimal customization, offering versatility in our Pega Platform and application deployment and licensing options to meet the specific needs of our clients, growing our network of partner alliances, and developing the talent and organizational structure capable of supporting our revenue and earnings growth targets. We may not be able to achieve one or more of our key initiatives. Our success depends on our ability to appropriately manage our expenses as we grow our organization; successfully execute our marketing and sales strategies; successfully incorporate acquired technologies into our unified Pega Platform; and develop new products or product enhancements. If we are not able to execute on these actions, our business may not grow as we anticipated, and our operating results could be adversely affected.

Security of our systems and of global client data is a growing challenge on many fronts. Cyber-attacks and security breaches may expose us to significant legal and financial liabilities.

Our cloud offering provides Pega Platform environments that are provisioned, monitored, and maintained for individual clients to create and deploy Pega-based applications using an Internet-based infrastructure. These services involve the storage and transmission of clients’ data and potential proprietary information. Security breaches could expose us and our clients to a risk of loss or misuse of this information. Any security breach

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could result in a loss of confidence in the security of our services, damage our reputation, disrupt our business, lead to legal liability, and negatively impact our future sales. High-profile security breaches at other companies have increased in recent years, and security industry experts and government officials have warned about the risks of hackers and cyber-attackers targeting information technology products and businesses. Threats to IT security can take a variety of forms. Individual hackers, groups of hackers, and sophisticated organizations including state-sponsored organizations or nation-states themselves, may take steps that pose threats to our clients and to our IT structure.

Our security measures, and those of our clients, may be breached as a result of third-party actions, or that of employees, consultants, or others, including intentional misconduct by computer hackers, system error, human error, technical flaws in our products, or otherwise. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target. While we have invested in the protection of our data and systems and of our clients’ data to reduce these risks, there can be no assurance that our efforts will prevent breaches. We carry data breach insurance coverage to mitigate the financial impact of potential legal liability, though this may prove insufficient in the event of a breach.

Our cloud offering involves the hosting of clients’ applications on the servers of third-party technology providers. We also rely on third-party systems and technology including encryption, virtualized infrastructure and support, and we employ a shared security model with our clients and our third-party technology providers. Because we do not control the configuration of Pega applications by our clients, the transmissions between our clients and our third-party technology providers, the processing of data on the servers at third-party technology providers, or the internal controls maintained by our clients and third-party technology providers that could prevent unauthorized access or provide appropriate data encryption, we cannot fully ensure the complete integrity or security of such transmissions processing, or controls. In addition, privacy, security, and data transmission concerns in some parts of the world may inhibit demand for our cloud offering or lead to requirements to provide our products or services in configurations that may increase the cost of serving such markets.

In order to defend against security threats, we need to continuously engineer products and services with enhanced security and reliability features; improve the deployment of software updates to address security vulnerabilities; apply technologies which mitigate the risk of attacks; and maintain a digital security infrastructure that protects the integrity of our network, products, and services. The cost of these steps could negatively impact our operating margins.

The timing of our license and cloud revenue is difficult to predict accurately, which may cause our operating results to vary considerably.

A change in the number or size of high value license and cloud arrangements, or a change in the mix between perpetual licenses, term licenses, and cloud arrangements can cause our revenues to fluctuate materially between periods.

Factors which may influence the predictability of our license and cloud revenue include:

• changes in client budgets and decision-making processes that could affect both the timing and size of transactions;

• deferral of license revenue to future periods due to the timing of the execution of an agreement or our ability to deliver the products or services;

• changes in our business model; and/or

• our ability to execute on our marketing and sales strategies.

We budget for our selling and marketing, product development, and other expenses based upon anticipated future bookings and revenue. If the timing or amount of revenue fails to meet our expectations in a given period,

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our financial performance is likely to be adversely affected because only a small portion of our expenses vary with revenue. Other factors which may cause our operating results to vary considerably include changes in foreign currency exchange rates, income tax effects, and the impact of new accounting pronouncements.

As a result, period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon to predict future performance. If our revenues and operating results do not meet the expectations of our investors or securities analysts or fall below guidance we may provide to the market or due to other factors discussed elsewhere in this section, the price of our common stock may decline.

The number of our license and cloud arrangements has been increasing, and we may not be able to sustain this growth unless we and our partners can provide sufficient high quality consulting, training, and maintenance resources to enable our clients to realize significant business value from our software.

Our clients typically request consulting and training to assist them in implementing our license and cloud offerings. Our clients also purchase maintenance on our perpetual and term licenses. As a result, an increase in the number of license and cloud arrangements is likely to increase demand for consulting, training, and maintenance related to our offerings. Given that the number of our license and cloud arrangements has been increasing, we will need to provide our clients with more consulting, training, and maintenance to enable our clients to realize significant business value from our software. We have been increasing our partner and client enablement through training to create an expanded ecosystem of people that are skilled in the implementation of our products. However, if we and our partners are unable to provide sufficient high quality consulting, training, or maintenance resources to our clients, our clients may not realize sufficient business value from our offerings to justify follow-on sales, which could impact our future financial performance. In addition, the investments required to meet the increased demand for our consulting services could strain our ability to deliver our consulting engagements at desired levels of profitability, thereby impacting our overall profitability and financial results.

We frequently enter into a series of license or cloud arrangements that are each focused on a specific purpose or area of operations. If we are not successful in obtaining follow-on business from these clients, our financial performance could be adversely affected.

Once a client has realized the value of our software, we work with the client to identify opportunities for follow-on sales. However, we may not be successful in demonstrating this value to some clients, for reasons relating to the performance of our products, the quality of the services and support provided by our partners and us, or external reasons. Also, some of our smaller clients may have limited additional sales opportunities available. For any of these clients, we may not obtain follow-on sales or the follow-on sales may be delayed, and our future revenue could be limited. This could lower the total value of all transactions and adversely affect our financial performance.

Our consulting revenue is dependent to a significant extent on closing new license transactions with clients.

We derive a substantial portion of our consulting revenue from implementations of new licenses and cloud arrangements led by our consulting staff and where we provide consulting for partner-led and client-led implementation efforts. Accordingly, if we do not continue to close more license and cloud arrangements transactions with our clients, we may be unable to maintain or grow our consulting revenue, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

Our financial results may be adversely affected if we are required to change certain estimates, judgments, and/or positions relative to our income and other taxes.

In the ordinary course of conducting our global business enterprise, we cannot be certain of the ultimate tax outcome related to many transactions and calculations. Some of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of

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positions we have taken regarding valuation of deferred tax assets, transfer pricing for transactions with our subsidiaries, and potential challenges to nexus and tax credit estimates. We estimate our exposure to unfavorable outcomes related to these uncertainties and estimate the probability of such outcomes. Future realization of our deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income within the available carryback or carryforward periods. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount we believe is more likely than not to be realized. If our taxable income is not consistent with our expectations or the timing of income is not within the applicable carryforward period, we may be required to establish a valuation allowance on all or a portion of these deferred tax assets. Changes in our valuation allowance impact our income tax expense in the period of adjustment. Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final tax outcome of these matters or our current estimates regarding these matters will not be different from what is reflected in our historical income tax provisions, returns, and accruals. Such differences, or changes in estimates relating to potential differences, could have a material impact, unfavorable or favorable, on our income tax provisions and effective tax rate, require us to change the recorded value of deferred tax assets, and adversely affect our financial results. Our effective tax rate may also be adversely affected by changes in the mix of taxable income derived by jurisdictions with varied statutory tax rates, changes in tax laws, regulations and interpretations, changes to the financial accounting rules for income taxes and assessments, and any interest or penalties, by taxing authorities.

We are also subject to non-income taxes such as payroll, sales and use, value-added, net worth, property, and goods and services taxes in the U.S. and in various foreign jurisdictions. We are regularly under audit by tax authorities with respect to these non-income taxes and may have exposure to additional non-income tax liabilities which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Uncertainties in the interpretation and application of the Tax Reform Act could materially affect our tax obligations and effective tax rate.

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Reform Act, which significantly changed the U.S. tax code. The U.S. Department of the Treasury has broad authority to issue regulations and interpretive guidance that may significantly affect the application of the Tax Reform Act. The Tax Reform Act requires complex computations not previously required under U.S. tax law. As such, the application of accounting guidance for such items is currently uncertain. Further, compliance with the Tax Reform Act and the accounting for such provisions require accumulation of information not previously required or regularly gathered. As a result, we have recognized provisional tax impacts of the Tax Reform Act in our financial statements. As additional regulatory guidance is issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Internal Revenue Service, and/or state taxing authorities, as accounting treatment is clarified, and as we perform additional analysis on the application of the law, the final amounts may differ from our current provisional amounts.

If it became necessary to repatriate any of our foreign cash balances to the United States, we may be subject to increased income taxes, other restrictions, and limitations.

As of December 31, 2017, approximately $87.3 million of our cash and cash equivalents was held in our foreign subsidiaries. If we are unable to reinvest this cash outside of the U.S., we may have to repatriate some of our foreign cash to the U.S. which would increase our income tax liability. If it became necessary to repatriate these funds, we may be required to pay U.S. state and local taxes, as well as foreign taxes, upon repatriation. We consider the earnings of our foreign subsidiaries to be permanently reinvested and, as a result, U.S. state, U.S. local and foreign taxes on such earnings have not been provided. It is impractical to estimate the amount of U.S. state, U.S. local and foreign tax we would have to pay upon repatriation due to the complexity of the income tax laws and the effects of the Tax Reform Act and other factors.

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We are investing heavily in sales and marketing, research and development, and support in anticipation of a continued increase in license and cloud arrangements, and we may experience decreased profitability or losses if we do not continue to increase the value of our license and cloud arrangements to balance our growth in expenses.

We have been expanding our sales and marketing capacity to meet increasing demand for our software and to broaden our market coverage by hiring additional sales and marketing personnel. We anticipate that we will need to provide our clients with more maintenance support as a result of this increase in demand, and also have been hiring additional personnel in this area. We continue to invest significantly in research and development to expand and improve the Pega Platform and applications. These investments have resulted in increased fixed costs that do not vary with the level of revenue. If the increased demand for our offerings does not continue, we could experience decreased profitability or losses as a result of these increased fixed costs. Conversely, if we are unable to hire sales and marketing personnel to meet future demand or research and development personnel to enhance our current or develop new products, we may not be able to achieve our sales and profitability targets.

We will need to acquire or develop new products, evolve existing ones, address any defects or errors, and adapt to technology changes.

Technical developments, client requirements, programming languages, and industry standards change frequently in our markets. As a result, success in current markets and new markets will depend upon our ability to enhance current products, address any product defects or errors, acquire or develop and introduce new products that meet client needs, keep pace with technology changes, respond to competitive products, and achieve market acceptance. Product development requires substantial investments for research, refinement, and testing. We may not have sufficient resources to make necessary product development investments. We may experience technical or other difficulties that will delay or prevent the successful development, introduction, or implementation of new or enhanced products. We may also experience technical or other difficulties in the integration of acquired technologies into our existing platform and applications. Inability to introduce or implement new or enhanced products in a timely manner could result in loss of market share if competitors are able to provide solutions to meet client needs before we do, give rise to unanticipated expenses related to further development or modification of acquired technologies, and adversely affect future financial performance.

The market for our offerings is intensely and increasingly competitive, rapidly changing, and highly fragmented.

We compete in the CRM (which includes marketing, sales, and customer service), BPM, case management, decision management, robotic automation, co-browsing, social engagement, and mobile application development platform software markets, as well as in markets for the vertical applications we provide (e.g. Pega^® KYC for Financial Services, Pega^® Underwriting for Insurance). These markets are intensely competitive, rapidly changing, and highly fragmented, as current competitors expand their product offerings and new companies enter the market.

We encounter significant competition from other technology vendors, as well as clients’ internal information systems departments, that seek to modify their existing systems or develop their own proprietary systems, and professional service organizations that develop their own products or create custom software in conjunction with rendering consulting services. Competition for market share and pressure to reduce prices and make sales concessions are likely to increase. Many of our competitors, such as IBM, Oracle, and Salesforce, have far greater resources than we do and may be able to respond more quickly and efficiently to new or emerging technologies, programming languages, or standards, or to changes in client requirements or preferences. Competitors may also be able to devote greater managerial and financial resources to develop, promote, and distribute products and to provide related consulting and training services. There can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors or that the competitive pressures faced by us will not materially adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition. See “Competition” in Item 1 “Business” of this Annual Report.

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The continued uncertainties in the global economy may negatively impact our sales to, and the collection of receivables from, our clients.

Our sales to, and our collection of receivables from, our clients may be impacted by adverse changes in global economic conditions. The U.S. and other key international economies have experienced cyclical downturns from time to time during which economic activity has been impacted by falling demand for goods and services, restricted credit, poor liquidity, reduced corporate profitability, volatility in credit, equity, and foreign exchange markets, bankruptcies, and economic uncertainty. These changes in global economic conditions could impact the ability and willingness of our clients to make investments in technology, which in turn may delay or reduce the purchases of our software and services. These factors could also impact the ability and willingness of these clients to pay their trade obligations and honor their contractual commitments. These clients may also become subject to increasingly restrictive regulatory requirements, which could limit or delay their ability to proceed with technology purchases and may result in longer sales cycles, increased price competition, and reductions in sales of our products and services. The financial uncertainties facing many of our clients and the industries in which they operate could negatively impact our business, operating results, and financial condition.

We have historically sold to the financial services, healthcare, insurance, and communications markets, and rapid changes or consolidation in these markets could affect the level of demand for our products.

We have historically derived a significant portion of our revenue from clients in the financial services, healthcare, insurance, and communications markets, and sales to these markets are important for our future growth. Competitive pressures, industry consolidation, decreasing operating margins, regulatory changes, and privacy concerns affect the financial condition of our clients and their willingness to buy. In addition, clients’ purchasing patterns in these industries for large technology projects are somewhat discretionary. The financial services and insurance markets continue to undergo intense domestic and international consolidation, and consolidation has increased in the healthcare and communications markets. Consolidation may interrupt normal buying behaviors and increase the volatility of our operating results. In recent years, several of our clients have been merged or consolidated, and we expect this to continue in the near future. Future mergers or consolidations may cause a decline in revenues and adversely affect our future financial performance. All of these factors affect the level of demand for our products from clients in these industries, and could adversely affect our business, operating results, and financial condition.

We rely on certain third-party relationships.

We have a number of relationships with third parties that are significant to our sales, marketing and support activities, and to product development efforts, including hosting facilities for our cloud offering. We rely on software and hardware vendors, large system integrators, and technology consulting firms to provide marketing and sales opportunities for our direct sales force and to strengthen our products through the use of industry-standard tools and utilities. We also have relationships with third parties that distribute our products. There can be no assurance that these companies, many of which have far greater financial and marketing resources than we do, will not develop or market offerings that compete with ours in the future or will not otherwise end or limit their relationships with us. Further, the use of third-party hosting facilities requires us to rely on the functionality and availability of the third parties’ services, as well as their data security as it is provided by such third parties, which despite our due diligence may be or become less than adequate.

We face risks from operations and clients based outside of the U.S.

Sales to clients based outside of the U.S. represent an average of 44% of our total revenue over the last three fiscal years. We market our products and services to clients based outside of the U.S. including clients based in Canada, Europe, Latin America, Asia, and Australia. We have established offices in the Americas, Europe (including Russia and Turkey), Asia (including India), and Australia. We believe that growth will necessitate expanded international operations, requiring increased managerial attention and costs. We anticipate hiring

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additional personnel to accommodate international growth, and we may also enter into agreements with local distributors, representatives, or resellers. If we are unable to do one or more of these things in a timely and effective manner, the growth, if any, of our foreign operations may be restricted, and our business, operating results, and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

In addition, we may not be able to maintain or increase international market demand for our offerings. Additional risks inherent in our international business activities generally include:

• laws and business practices favoring local competitors;

• compliance with multiple, conflicting, and changing governmental laws and regulations, including employment, tax, privacy and data privacy and protection, and increased tariffs and other trade barriers;

• the costs of localizing offerings for local markets, including translation into foreign languages and associated expenses;

• longer payment cycles and credit and collectability risk on our foreign trade receivables;

• economic and political uncertainty around the world, such as the United Kingdom’s referendum in June 2016 in which voters approved an exit from the European Union, commonly referred to as “Brexit”;

• difficulties in enforcing contractual and intellectual property rights;

• heightened fraud and anti-bribery awareness risks;

• treatment of revenue from international sources and changes to tax codes, including being subject to foreign tax laws, being liable for paying withholding income or other taxes in foreign jurisdictions, and other potentially adverse tax consequences (including restrictions on repatriating earnings and the threat of “double taxation”);

• managing our international operations, including increased accounting, internal control, and compliance expenses;

• heightened risks of political and economic instability; and

• foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and controls.

There can be no assurance that one or more of these factors will not have a material adverse effect on our international operations, and, consequently, on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates that could negatively impact our financial results and cash flows.

Because a significant portion of our business is conducted outside the U.S., we face exposure to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. Our international sales are usually denominated in foreign currencies. The operating expenses of our foreign operations are also primarily denominated in foreign currencies, which partially offset our foreign currency exposure on our international sales. Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the U.S. dollar, the Euro, and the Australian dollar relative to the British Pound. These exposures may change over time as business practices evolve, and they could have a material adverse impact on our financial results and cash flows. In the past we have used, but do not currently use, foreign currency forward contracts (“forward contracts”) to hedge our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates associated with our foreign currency denominated cash, accounts receivable, and intercompany receivables and payables held by our U.S. parent company and its U.K. subsidiary. We may in the future again enter into hedging contracts if we feel that it is appropriate. We do not enter into any hedging contracts for trading or speculative purposes. Our realized gain or loss with respect to foreign currency fluctuations will generally depend on the size

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and type of cross-currency exposures that we enter into; the currency exchange rates associated with these exposures and changes in those rates; whether we have entered into forward contracts to offset these exposures; and other factors. All of these factors could materially impact our operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.

Factors relating to our internal operations and potential liabilities

We depend on a number of key personnel, and must be able to attract and retain qualified personnel in the future.

The business is dependent on key, highly skilled technical, managerial, consulting, sales, and marketing personnel, including our Chief Executive Officer who is also our founder and majority stockholder. The loss of key personnel could be disruptive to our operations and adversely affect financial performance. We do not have any significant key-man life insurance on any officers or employees and do not plan to obtain any. Our success will depend in large part on the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, and rapidly replace and develop new management. The number of potential employees who have the extensive knowledge needed to develop, sell, and maintain our offerings is limited, and competition for their services is intense, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to attract and retain such personnel. If we are unable to do so, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

The acquisition of other businesses and technologies may present new risks.

We have undertaken acquisitions in the past, and we continue to evaluate and consider other potential strategic transactions, including domestic and international acquisitions of businesses, technologies, services, products, and other assets. These acquisitions, if undertaken, may involve significant new risks and uncertainties, including distraction of management attention away from our current business operations, insufficient new revenue to offset expenses, inadequate return on capital, integration challenges, new regulatory and/or legal requirements, new third-party intellectual property infringement claims related to the acquired technology and/or services, dilution of shareholder value, cross border legal issues, and issues not discovered in our due diligence process. No assurance can be given that such acquisitions will be successful and will not adversely affect our profitability or operations.

We may experience significant errors or security flaws in our product and services, and could face privacy, product liability, and/or warranty claims as a result.

Despite quality testing prior to its release, our software frequently contains errors or security flaws, especially when first introduced or when new versions are released. Errors in our software could affect its ability to work with hardware or other software, or could delay the development or release of new products or new versions of our software. Additionally, the detection and correction of any security flaws can be time consuming and costly. Errors or security flaws in our software could result in the inadvertent disclosure of confidential information or personal data relating to our clients, employees, or third parties. Software errors and security flaws in our products or services could expose us to privacy, product liability, and/or warranty claims as well as harm our reputation, which could impact our future sales of products and services. Typically, we enter into license agreements that contain provisions intended to limit the nature and extent of our risk of product liability and warranty claims. There is a risk that a court might interpret these terms in a limited way or could hold part or all of these terms to be unenforceable. Also, there is a risk that these contract terms might not bind a party other than the direct client. Furthermore, some of our licenses with our clients are governed by non-U.S. law, and there is a risk that foreign law might give us less or different protection. Although we have not experienced any material product liability claims to date, a product liability suit or action claiming a breach of warranty, whether or not meritorious, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and our resources.

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We face risks related to intellectual property claims or appropriation of our intellectual property rights.

We rely primarily on a combination of copyright, trademark, and trade secrets laws, as well as intellectual property and confidentiality agreements to protect our proprietary rights. We also try to control access to and distribution of our technologies and other proprietary information. We have obtained patents in strategically important global markets relating to the architecture of our systems. We cannot assure that such patents will not be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented or that rights granted thereunder or the claims contained therein will provide us with competitive advantages. Moreover, despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our software or to obtain the use of information that we regard as proprietary. Although we generally enter into intellectual property and confidentiality agreements with our employees and strategic partners, despite our efforts our former employees may seek employment with our business partners, clients, or competitors, and there can be no assurance that the confidential nature of our proprietary information will be maintained. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to as great an extent as do the laws of the U.S. There can be no assurance that our means of protecting our proprietary rights will be adequate or that our competitors will not independently develop similar technology.

Other companies or individuals have obtained proprietary rights covering a variety of designs, processes, and systems. There can be no assurance that third parties, including clients, will not claim infringement by us with respect to current or future products. Although we attempt to limit the amount and type of our contractual liability for infringement of the proprietary rights of third parties, and also assert ownership of work product and intellectual property rights as appropriate, there are often exceptions, and limitations may not be applicable and enforceable in all cases. Even if limitations are found to be applicable and enforceable, our liability to our clients for these types of claims could be material given the size of certain of our transactions. We expect that software product developers will increasingly be subject to infringement claims as the number of products and competitors in our industry segment grows and the functionality of products in different industry segments overlaps. Any such claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, cause product shipment and delivery delays, require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, or be precluded from making and selling the infringing software, if such proprietary rights are found to be valid. Royalty or licensing agreements, if required, may not be available on terms acceptable to us or at all, which could have a material adverse effect upon our business, operating results, and financial condition.

We are subject to increasingly complex and burdensome U.S. and foreign laws and regulations, and any failure to comply with these laws and regulations could subject us to, among other things, penalties and legal expenses that could harm our reputation or have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are subject to extensive federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations, including but not limited to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, data privacy and security laws, and similar laws and regulations. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, and similar foreign anti-bribery laws generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Similar laws and regulations exist in many other countries throughout the world in which we do or intend to do business. Data privacy laws and regulations in Europe, Australia, Latin America and elsewhere are undergoing rapid transformation towards increased restrictions. For example, in October 2015, the European Court of Justice invalidated the U.S.-EU Safe Harbor framework that had been in place since 2000, which allowed companies to meet certain European legal requirements for the transfer of personal data from the European Economic Area to the United States. In April 2016, the European Parliament adopted the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”). The GDPR has a two-year phase-in period, with an effective date of May 25, 2018 and extends the scope of European privacy laws to any entity which controls or processes personal data of E.U. residents in connection with the offer of goods or services or the monitoring of behavior. Complying with the GDPR and other emerging and changing requirements may cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices.

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We have developed and implemented a compliance program based on what we believe are current best practices, including the background checking of our current partners and prospective clients and partners, but we cannot guarantee that we, our employees, our consultants, our partners, or our contractors are or will be in compliance with all federal, state, and foreign regulations, particularly as we expand our operations outside of the U.S. If we or our representatives fail to comply with any of these laws or regulations, a range of fines, penalties, and/or other sanctions could be imposed on us, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Even if we are determined not to have violated these laws, government investigations into these issues typically require the expenditure of significant resources and generate negative publicity, which could also have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, regulation of data privacy and security laws is increasing worldwide, including various restrictions on cross-border access or transfer of data, including personal data of our employees, our clients, and customers of our clients. Compliance with such regulations may increase our costs and there is a risk of enforcement of such laws resulting in damage to our brand as well as financial penalties and potential loss of business, which could be significant.

We face risks related to outages, data losses, and disruptions of our online services if we fail to maintain an adequate operations infrastructure.

The increasing user traffic for our cloud offering demands more computing power. It requires that we maintain an Internet connectivity infrastructure that is robust and reliable within competitive and regulatory constraints that continue to evolve. Inefficiencies or operational failures, including temporary or permanent loss of client data, power outages, or telecommunications infrastructure outages, by us or our third party service providers could diminish the quality of our user experience resulting in contractual liability, claims by clients and other third parties, damage to our reputation, loss of current and potential clients, and harm to our operating results and financial condition.

Our implementation of significant modifications to our enterprise resource planning (“ERP”) system may adversely affect our business and results of operations or the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.

During 2016, we implemented the billing and revenue recognition modules in our existing ERP system. The new revenue recognition module was implemented to facilitate the preparation of our financial statements under both the current revenue recognition guidance under Accounting Standards Codification 985-605, Software—Revenue Recognition and the new guidance under Accounting Standard Update No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”. See Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies—New accounting pronouncements,” included in Item 8 of this Annual Report for further discussion of new guidance. Implementations of a project of this size and complexity involve risks inherent in the conversion to a new computer system, including loss of information and potential disruption of normal operations. The implementation was completed in the fourth quarter of 2016; however, post-implementation support activities are still ongoing. Our business and results of operations may be adversely affected if we experience operating problems with the new system that result in increased costs to correct post-implementation issues identified. Additionally, if the new system and the associated process changes do not give rise to the benefits that we expect, or if the new system does not operate as intended, it could adversely affect our financial reporting systems and processes, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial reports, and/or the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. We have assessed, and continue to monitor, our processes and procedures as a result of the implementation, as well as the impact on our internal controls over financial reporting.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Our principal administrative, sales, marketing, support, and research and development operations are located in Cambridge, Massachusetts in an approximately 185,000 square foot leased facility. Our lease expires in 2023, subject to our option to extend for two additional five-year periods. A significant portion of our research and development is conducted in Hyderabad, India in an approximately 238,000 square foot leased facility. Our Hyderabad facility is subject to two leases which expire in 2019 and 2020 and are subject to our option to extend for two additional five-year periods.

We also lease space for smaller offices in the Americas, Europe, and the Asia Pacific under leases that expire at various dates through 2022. We periodically evaluate the adequacy of existing facilities and we believe that additional or alternative space will be available as needed in the future on commercially reasonable terms.

See Note 12 “Commitments and Contingencies,” in Item 8 of this Annual Report for more information about our lease commitments.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Market Information

Our common stock is quoted on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “PEGA.” The following table sets forth the range of high and low sales prices of our common stock on NASDAQ for each quarter in 2017 and 2016:

	Common Stock Price
	2017				2016
	High		Low		High		Low
First Quarter	$	45.20	$	35.50	$	27.19	$	20.62
Second Quarter	$	63.65	$	43.00	$	29.00	$	24.32
Third Quarter	$	62.35	$	52.00	$	29.61	$	25.02
Fourth Quarter	$	60.30	$	46.55	$	36.65	$	28.76

Holders

As of February 14, 2018, we had approximately 23 stockholders of record and approximately 21,100 beneficial owners of our common stock.

Dividends

In 2017 and 2016, we paid quarterly cash dividends of $0.03 per share of common stock. It is our current intention to pay a quarterly cash dividend of $0.03 per share, however, the Board of Directors may terminate or modify this dividend program at any time without prior notice.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table sets forth information regarding repurchases of our common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2017:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)(2) (in thousands)		Average Price Paid per Share (1)(2)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Share Repurchase Program (2) (in thousands)		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased at Period End Under Publicly Announced Share Repurchased Programs (2) (in thousands)
October 1, 2017 – October 31, 2017		14	$	58.56		—	$	36,399
November 1, 2017 – November 30, 2017		93	$	52.72		1	$	36,355
December 1, 2017 – December 31, 2017		146	$	49.24		30	$	34,892
Total		253	$	51.03

⁽¹⁾  We net settle the majority of our employee stock option exercises and restricted stock unit (“RSU”) vestings, which results in the withholding of shares to cover the option exercise price and the minimum statutory withholding tax obligations that we are required to pay in cash to the applicable taxing authorities on behalf of our employees. Shares withheld to cover the option exercise price and statutory tax withholding obligations under the net settlement provisions of the company’s stock compensation awards have been included in the above table.

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⁽²⁾  Since 2004, our Board of Directors has approved stock repurchase programs that have authorized the repurchase, in the aggregate, of up to $195 million of our common stock. On May 30, 2017, we announced that our Board of Directors extended the expiration date of the current stock repurchase program to June 30, 2018 (the “Current Program”). Under the Current Program, purchases may be made from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. Shares may be repurchased in such amounts as market conditions warrant, subject to regulatory and other considerations. We have established a pre-arranged stock repurchase plan, intended to comply with the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act (the “10b5-1 Plan”). All share repurchases under the Current Program during closed trading window periods will be made pursuant to the 10b5-1 Plan.

Stock Performance Graph and Cumulative Total Stockholder Return

The following performance graph represents a comparison of the cumulative total stockholder return (assuming the reinvestment of dividends) for a $100 investment on December 31, 2012 in our common stock, the Total Return Index for the NASDAQ Composite (“NASDAQ Composite”), a broad market index, and the Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) North American Technology Sector—Software Index™ (“S&P NA Tech Software”), a published industry index. The graph lines merely connect measurement dates and do not reflect fluctuations between those dates.

We paid dividends of $0.12 per share during 2017, 2016, and 2015, $0.09 per share during 2014, and $0.045 per share during 2013, respectively. The dividends paid per share have been adjusted for the two-for-one common stock split effected in the form of a common stock dividend on April 1, 2014.

Comparison of 5 Year Cumulative Total Return

	December 31,
	2012		2013		2014		2015		2016		2017
Pegasystems Inc.	$	100.00	$	217.56	$	184.71	$	245.78	$	323.10	$	424.16
NASDAQ Composite		100.00		140.12		160.78		171.97		187.22		242.71
S&P NA Tech Software	$	100.00	$	131.10	$	149.30	$	167.95	$	178.37	$	254.71

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The selected financial data presented below has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. This data should be read in conjunction with Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report.

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2017		2016		2015		2014		2013
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data: (1)(2)
Revenue:
Perpetual license	$	141,819	$	147,529	$	166,305	$	136,154	$	122,644
Term license		146,515		132,466		109,283		96,182		69,232
Maintenance		244,347		220,336		202,802		186,239		157,309
Cloud		51,892		41,438		30,626		16,614		8,720
Consulting and training		256,009		208,497		173,679		154,815		151,049
Total revenue		840,582		750,266		682,695		590,004		508,954
Income from operations		38,660		37,759		64,661		51,539		58,097
Income before provision for income taxes		37,100		35,202		60,505		47,994		56,393
Net income	$	32,934	$	26,986	$	36,322	$	33,255	$	38,043
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.43	$	0.35	$	0.47	$	0.44	$	0.50
Diluted		0.40		0.34		0.46		0.42		0.49
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.12	$	0.12	$	0.12	$	0.105	$	0.06

⁽¹⁾  We elected to early adopt Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09 “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting” (“ASU 2016-09”) in 2016, which requires us, among other things to record excess tax benefits as a reduction of the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations, whereas they were previously recognized in equity. We are required to reflect any adoption adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the period of adoption. As such, certain information above for 2016 included the impact of the ASU 2016-09 adoption.

⁽²⁾  The per share amounts have been retroactively restated for all prior periods presented to reflect the two-for-one common stock split effected in the form of a common stock dividend distributed on April 1, 2014.

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2017		2016		2015		2014		2013
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: (1)
Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities	$	223,748	$	133,761	$	219,078	$	211,216	$	156,692
Working capital		188,309		137,660		179,297		150,474		145,487
Property and equipment, net		40,359		38,281		31,319		30,156		28,957
Intangible assets, net		31,899		44,191		33,418		45,664		56,574
Goodwill		72,952		73,164		46,776		46,860		43,469
Total assets		721,606		654,656		627,758		587,801		536,480
Total stockholders’ equity	$	371,078	$	335,889	$	322,859	$	294,705	$	271,788

⁽¹⁾  We retrospectively adopted ASU 2015-17 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes” in 2016. As a result, all net deferred income taxes assets are classified as long-term deferred income tax assets in the consolidated balance sheets for all periods presented. The amounts reclassified as of December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, were $12.4 million, $13 million, and $12.3 million, respectively.

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

We develop, market, license, and support software applications for customer engagement and digital process automation, in addition to licensing our Pega Platform application development product for clients that wish to build and extend their own applications. The Pega Platform and applications help connect enterprises to their customers in real-time across channels, streamline business operations, and adapt to meet changing requirements.

Our clients include Global 3000 companies and government agencies that seek to manage complex enterprise systems and customer service issues with greater agility and cost-effectiveness. Our strategy is to sell a client a series of licenses, each focused on a specific purpose or area of operations in support of longer term enterprise-wide digital transformation initiatives.

Our license revenue is primarily derived from sales of our applications and our Pega Platform.

Our cloud revenue is derived from our hosted Pega Platform and software application environments.

Our consulting services revenue is primarily related to new license implementations.

Financial and Performance Metrics

Management evaluates our financial performance based on a number of financial and performance metrics. The metrics are periodically reviewed and revised to reflect any changes in our business. Historically, recurring revenue and license and cloud backlog have been our primary performance metrics. However, due to the change in the timing of revenue recognition for term license arrangements as a result of the expected implementation of the new revenue accounting standard (See Note 2. “Significant Accounting Polices”), we are utilizing annual contract value (ACV) as a key performance metric.

Select Financial Metrics

	Year Ended December 31,									% Change
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	2017			2016			2015			2017 vs. 2016			2016 vs. 2015
Total revenue	$	840,582		$	750,266		$	682,695			12	%		10	%
Operating margin		5	%		5	%		9	%		0	%		(44	)%
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.40		$	0.34		$	0.46			18	%		(26	)%
Cash flow provided by operating activities	$	158,235		$	39,874		$	67,803			297	%		(41	)%

Select Performance Metrics

ACV

The change in ACV measures the growth and predictability of future cash flows from committed term license, cloud, and maintenance arrangements as of the end of the particular reporting period.

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ACV, as of a given date, is the sum of the following two components:

• The sum of the annual value of each term and cloud contract in effect on such date, with the annual value of a term or cloud contract being equal to the total value of the contract divided by the total number of years of the contract.

• Maintenance revenue reported for the quarter ended on such date, multiplied by four.

	December 31,				Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2017		2016
Term License and Cloud ACV	$	215,122	$	178,965	$	36,157	20	%
Maintenance ACV		254,352		228,648	$	25,704	11	%
Term License, cloud and Maintenance ACV	$	469,474	$	407,613	$	61,861	15	%

License and Cloud Backlog

A measure of the continued growth of our business as a result of future contractual commitments by our clients.

License and cloud backlog is the sum of the following two components:

• Deferred license and cloud revenue as recorded on our balance sheet. (See Note 11 “Deferred Revenue”)

• License and cloud contractual commitments, which are not recorded on our balance sheet because we have not yet invoiced our clients, nor have we recognized the associated revenue. (See “Future Cash Receipts from Committed License and Cloud Arrangements” for additional information)

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License and cloud backlog may vary in any given period depending on the amount and timing of when the arrangements are executed, as well as the mix between perpetual, term, and cloud license arrangements, which may depend on our clients’ deployment preferences. A change in the mix may cause our revenues to vary materially from period to period. Under U.S. GAAP as of December 31, 2017, a higher proportion of term and cloud license arrangements executed will generally result in revenue being recognized over longer periods. For a discussion about how changes in U.S. GAAP will affect our recognition of revenue, please see Note 2. “Significant Accounting Polices” in Item 8 of this Annual Report for additional information.

	December 31,								Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2017				2016
Deferred license and cloud revenue on the balance sheet
Term license and cloud	$	41,407	65	%	$	30,725	50	%		35	%
Perpetual license		21,845	35	%		31,098	50	%		(30	)%
Total deferred license and cloud revenue		63,252	100	%		61,823	100	%		2	%
License and cloud contractual commitments not on the balance sheet
Term license and cloud		522,077	89	%		434,323	93	%		20	%
Perpetual license		63,176	11	%		31,652	7	%		100	%
Total license and cloud commitments		585,253	100	%		465,975	100	%		26	%
Total license (term and perpetual) and cloud backlog	$	648,505			$	527,798				23	%
Total term license and cloud backlog	$	563,484	87	%	$	465,048	88	%		21	%

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Recurring Revenue

A measure of the predictability and repeatability of our revenue.

	Year Ended December 31,						% Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2017		2016		2015		2017 vs. 2016			2016 vs. 2015
Recurring revenue
Term license	$	146,515	$	132,466	$	109,283		11	%		21	%
Maintenance		244,347		220,336		202,802		11	%		9	%
Cloud		51,892		41,438		30,626		25	%		35	%
Total recurring revenue	$	442,754	$	394,240	$	342,711		12	%		15	%

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

	Year Ended December 31,						% Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2017		2016		2015		2017 vs. 2016			2016 vs. 2015
Total revenue	$	840,582	$	750,266	$	682,695		12	%		10	%
Gross profit	$	560,909	$	511,010	$	469,249		10	%		9	%
Income from operations	$	38,660	$	37,759	$	64,661		2	%		(42	)%
Income before provision for income taxes	$	37,100	$	35,202	$	60,505		5	%		(42	)%
Net Income	$	32,934	$	26,986	$	36,322		22	%		(26	)%

Revenue

The adoption of the new revenue recognition standard (“ASC 606”) in the first quarter of 2018 will have a material impact primarily on our term license revenue. See Note 2. “Significant Accounting Polices” in Item 8 of this Annual Report for additional information.

Software license

	Year Ended December 31,												% Change
(Dollars in thousands)	2017				2016				2015				2017 vs. 2016			2016 vs. 2015
Perpetual license	$	141,819	49	%	$	147,529	53	%	$	166,305	60	%		(4	)%		(11	)%
Term license		146,515	51	%		132,466	47	%		109,283	40	%		11	%		21	%
Software license	$	288,334	100	%	$	279,995	100	%	$	275,588	100	%		3	%		2	%

Under U.S. GAAP applicable to 2017, a higher proportion of term license arrangements executed would result in more term license revenue being recognized over longer periods. However, with the adoption of the new revenue standard effective January 1, 2018, term license revenue will be recognized in full in the year that control of the license is transferred to the client instead of over the term of the agreement.

The mix between perpetual and term license arrangements executed in a particular period varies based on client needs. A change in the mix may cause our revenues to vary materially from period to period. Additionally, some of our perpetual license arrangements include extended payment terms or additional rights of use, which also result in the recognition of revenue over longer periods.

During 2017 and 2016, revenue from term licenses continued to grow as a proportion of our total license revenue reflecting a possible shift of our client preferences towards recurring arrangements.

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2017 Compared to 2016

The decrease in perpetual license revenue in the current period was primarily due to a lower proportion of perpetual arrangements for which revenue was recognized in the same period that they were executed.

The increase in term license revenue was primarily due to an increase in revenue recognized in the current period for term arrangements executed in the preceding two years.

2016 Compared to 2015

The decrease in perpetual license revenue was primarily due to the lower average value of perpetual license arrangements executed during 2016 compared to 2015 and the acceleration of the recognition of $4.6 million in revenue in the fourth quarter of 2015 from an existing license arrangement which was being recognized ratably.

The increase in term license revenue was primarily due to a term license arrangement greater than $10 million for which the license fee for the three year license term was paid and recognized in full in the first quarter of 2016 as well as the increase in term license arrangements executed during 2016 and 2015, reflecting the shift towards recurring revenue streams.

Maintenance

(Dollars in thousands)	Year Ended December 31,						% Change
	2017		2016		2015		2017 vs. 2016			2016 vs. 2015
Maintenance	$	244,347	$	220,336	$	202,802		11	%		9	%

The increases in maintenance revenue were primarily due to the growth in the aggregate value of the installed base of our software and continued renewal rates in excess of 90%.

Services

(Dollars in thousands)	Year Ended December 31,												% Change
	2017				2016				2015				2017 vs. 2016			2016 vs. 2015
Consulting and Training	$	256,009	83	%	$	208,497	83	%	$	173,679	85	%		23	%		20	%
Cloud		51,892	17	%		41,438	17	%		30,626	15	%		25	%		35	%
Services	$	307,901	100	%	$	249,935	100	%	$	204,305	100	%		23	%		22	%

Consulting revenue represents revenue primarily from new license implementations. Our consulting revenue may fluctuate in future periods depending on the mix of new implementation projects we perform as compared to those performed by our enabled clients or led by our partners.

2017 Compared to 2016

The increase in consulting revenue was primarily due to increased billable hours driven by a large project which began in the second half of 2016.

The increase in cloud revenue was primarily due to growth of our cloud client base.

2016 Compared to 2015

The increase in consulting revenue was due to higher realization rates and increased billable hours primarily related to two large projects in 2016, compared to unusually low demand in Europe in the first half of 2015.

The increase in cloud revenue was primarily due to growth of our cloud client base.

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Gross Profit

(Dollars in thousands)	Year Ended December 31,									% Change
	2017			2016			2015			2017 vs. 2016			2016 vs. 2015
Software license	$	283,249		$	275,052		$	271,463			3	%		1	%
Maintenance		216,442			194,831			180,899			11	%		8	%
Consulting and Training		33,097			21,996			7,687			50	%		186	%
Cloud		28,121			19,131			9,200			47	%		108	%
Services		61,218			41,127			16,887			49	%		144	%
Total gross profit	$	560,909		$	511,010		$	469,249			10	%		9	%
Software license		98	%		98	%		99	%
Maintenance		89	%		88	%		89	%
Consulting and Training		13	%		11	%		4	%
Cloud		54	%		46	%		30	%
Services		20	%		16	%		8	%
Total gross profit %		67	%		68	%		69	%

2017 Compared to 2016

The increase in total gross profit was primarily due to increases in maintenance and services revenue.

The increase in services gross profit percent was primarily due to the recognition of revenue in 2017 related to a large cloud project which had been delayed from prior periods for which the majority of the associated costs had already been recognized in 2016, a large project which began in the second half of 2016, and a decrease in amortization expense due to the full amortization in 2016 of certain cloud-related intangibles acquired through past acquisitions.

2016 Compared to 2015

The increase in total gross profit was primarily due to increases in maintenance and services revenue.

The increase in services gross profit percent was primarily due to higher realization rates in 2016 compared to 2015 and the recognition of revenue in 2016 related to several large projects which had been delayed from prior periods, for which the majority of the associated costs had already been recognized in 2015.

Operating expenses

Selling and marketing

(Dollars in thousands)	Year Ended December 31,									% Change
	2017			2016			2015			2017 vs. 2016			2016 vs. 2015
Selling and marketing	$	307,210		$	278,849		$	241,387			10	%		16	%
As a percent of total revenue		37	%		37	%		35	%
Selling and marketing headcount, end of period		984			898			750			10	%		20	%

Selling and marketing expenses include compensation, benefits, and other headcount-related expenses associated with our selling and marketing personnel as well as advertising, promotions, trade shows, seminars, and other programs. Selling and marketing expenses also include the amortization of client related intangibles.

The increases in headcount reflect our efforts to increase our sales capacity to deepen relationships at existing accounts and industries while also expanding our coverage in new industries and geographies.

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2017 Compared to 2016

The increase was primarily due to an $18.5 million increase in compensation and benefits expenses associated with higher headcount and increased equity compensation costs primarily from the increased value of our annual periodic equity awards, a $2.4 million increase in travel and entertainment driven by our increased sales headcount, a $2 million increase in partner and marketing contractor compensation, and a $1.5 million increase in sales and marketing programs expenses primarily related to our annual PegaWorld user conference.

2016 Compared to 2015

The increase was primarily due to a $29.4 million increase in compensation and benefit expenses associated with higher headcount and sales commission, a $2 million increase in sales and marketing programs expenses primarily related to our digital advertising and brand awareness campaigns and our PegaWorld annual user conference, and a $1 million increase in amortization expense due to the client-related intangible assets acquired from OpenSpan.

Research and development

(Dollars in thousands)	Year Ended December 31,									% Change
	2017			2016			2015			2017 vs. 2016			2016 vs. 2015
Research and development	$	162,886		$	145,548		$	126,374			12	%		15	%
As a percent of total revenue		19	%		19	%		19	%
Research and development headcount, end of period		1,479			1,431			1,222			3	%		17	%

Research and development expenses include compensation, benefits, contracted services, and other headcount-related expenses associated with the creation and development of our products as well as enhancements and engineering changes to existing products and integration of acquired technologies.

2017 Compared to 2016

The increase was primarily due to a $16.5 million increase in compensation and benefit expenses associated with higher headcount, higher stock-based compensation expense primarily from the increased value of our annual periodic equity awards, and annual merit salary increases.

2016 Compared to 2015

The increase was primarily due to a $16.1 million increase in compensation and benefit expenses associated with higher headcount and a $1.5 million increase in expendable equipment and software license expenses.

General and administrative

(Dollars in thousands)										% Change
	2017			2016			2015			2017 vs. 2016			2016 vs. 2015
General and administrative	$	52,153		$	45,951		$	36,738			13	%		25	%
As a percent of total revenue		6	%		6	%		5	%
General and administrative headcount, end of period		425			378			353			12	%		7	%

General and administrative expenses include compensation, benefits, and other headcount-related expenses associated with finance, legal, corporate governance, and other administrative headcount. They also include accounting, legal, and other professional consulting and administrative fees. The general and administrative headcount includes employees in human resources, information technology, and corporate services departments whose costs are allocated to our other functional departments.

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2017 Compared to 2016

The increase was primarily due to a $5.1 million increase in compensation and benefits due to higher stock-based compensation expense primarily from the increased value of our annual periodic equity awards and increased facilities costs due to our expansion in Poland and India.

2016 Compared to 2015

The increase was primarily due to a $4.9 million increase in compensation and benefits expenses associated with higher headcount, of which $2.2 million was due to higher stock-based compensation expense primarily from the increased value of our annual periodic equity awards. The increase was also due to the fact that 2016 did not include a $1.8 million benefit from the settlement of our indemnification claims against the former Antenna, Inc. shareholders and a $1.6 million benefit from the settlement of certain indirect tax liabilities, which reduced our general and administrative expense in 2015.

Stock-based compensation

We recognize stock-based compensation expense associated with equity awards in our consolidated statements of operations based on the fair value of these awards at the date of grant using the accelerated recognition method, while treating each vesting tranche as if it were an individual grant.

(Dollars in thousands)	Year Ended December 31,									% Change
	2017			2016			2015			2017 vs. 2016			2016 vs. 2015
Cost of revenues	$	14,573		$	11,459		$	8,772			27	%		31	%
Selling and marketing		15,720			12,464			8,911			26	%		40	%
Research and development		13,618			10,043			8,116			36	%		24	%
General and administrative		9,402			6,513			4,255			44	%		53	%
Acquisition-related		—			342			—			(100	)%		n/m
Total stock-based compensation before tax	$	53,313		$	40,821		$	30,054			31	%		36	%
Income tax benefit		(12,113	)		(12,198	)		(8,098	)		(1	)%		51	%

The increases were primarily due to the increased value of our annual periodic equity awards granted in March 2017 and 2016. These awards generally have a five-year vesting schedule.

See Note 14 “Stock-Based Compensation” in Item 8 of this Annual Report for further information.

Amortization of intangibles

(Dollars in thousands)							% Change
	2017		2016		2015		2017 vs. 2016			2016 vs. 2015
Cost of revenue	$	5,103	$	5,986	$	5,392		(15	)%		11	%
Selling and marketing		7,235		7,145		6,127		1	%		17	%
General and administrative		—		277		683		(100	)%		(59	)%
	$	12,338	$	13,408	$	12,202		(8	)%		10	%

2017 Compared to 2016

The decrease was primarily due to the full amortization of certain intangibles acquired through past acquisitions.

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2016 Compared to 2015

The increase was primarily due to the amortization associated with the $24.3 million of intangible assets acquired from OpenSpan in April 2016.

Non-operating income and expenses, net

(Dollars in thousands)	Year Ended December 31,									% Change
	2017			2016			2015			2017 vs. 2016			2016 vs. 2015
Foreign currency transaction (loss)/gain	$	(900	)	$	2,247		$	(4,168	)		(140	)%		(154	)%
Interest income, net		731			776			1,056			(6	)%		(27	)%
Other expense, net		(1,391	)		(5,580	)		(1,044	)		(75	)%		434	%
	$	(1,560	)	$	(2,557	)	$	(4,156	)		(39	)%		(38	)%

In May 2017, we discontinued our forward contracts program; however, we continue to periodically evaluate our foreign exchange exposures and may re-initiate this program if deemed necessary. We have historically used foreign currency forward contracts (“forward contracts”) to hedge our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates associated with our foreign currency denominated cash, accounts receivable, and intercompany receivables and payables held primarily by our U.S. parent company and its United Kingdom (“U.K.”) subsidiary.

The total change in the fair value of our foreign currency forward contracts recorded in other expense, net, during 2017, 2016, and 2015 was a gain of $0.3 million, a loss of $5.6 million, and a loss of $1 million, respectively. The gain on forward contracts in 2017 was offset by $1.7 million in professional fees for capital advisory services.

Provision for income taxes

(Dollars in thousands)										% Change
	2017			2016			2015			2017 vs. 2016			2016 vs. 2015
Provision for income taxes	$	4,166		$	8,216		$	24,183			(49	)%		(66	)%
Effective income tax rate		11	%		23	%		40	%

The provision for income taxes represents current and future amounts owed for federal, state, and foreign taxes.

2017 Compared to 2016

The decrease in our effective income tax rate was primarily due to a $24.5 million increase in excess tax benefits on share-based payments recognized in the provision for income taxes, partially offset by an additional expense of $20.4 million recorded in 2017 to re-measure our deferred income taxes to the new U.S. statutory tax rate as a result of the Tax Reform Act.

We have estimated the impact of the Tax Reform Act as part of our 2017 income tax provision; however, the ultimate impact may differ from these provisional amounts, possibly materially, due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions the we have made, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and actions we may undertake as a result of the Tax Reform Act. The accounting is expected to be complete during 2018. See Note 15 “Income Taxes” in Item 8 of this Annual report for more information.

As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately $19.2 million of total unrecognized tax benefits, which would decrease our effective tax rate if recognized. Due to the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations, we expect that the change in the unrecognized benefits in the next twelve months will be approximately $0.5 million, which will reduce our effective tax rate if recognized.

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2016 Compared to 2015

The decrease in the effective income tax rate for 2016 compared to 2015 was primarily due to the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-09, which decreased income tax expense by $6.7 million. The adoption of ASU 2016-09 significantly impacts both the timing and method of how the tax effects of share-based awards are recognized. ASU 2016-09 requires the income tax effects to be recognized in the provision for income taxes when the awards vest or are settled whereas previously such income tax benefits were recognized as part of additional paid-in capital and could not be recognized until they were realized through a reduction in income taxes payable.

As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had $22.7 million and $24 million, respectively, of total unrecognized tax benefits, which would decrease our effective tax rate if recognized.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2017			2016			2015
Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	158,235		$	39,874		$	67,803
Investing activities		(14,759	)		(7,172	)		(44,452	)
Financing activities		(54,229	)		(51,716	)		(40,659	)
Effect of exchange rate on cash		2,438			(3,418	)		(4,251	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	91,685		$	(22,432	)	$	(21,559	)

	As of December 31,
(in thousands)	2017		2016		2015
Held in US Entities	$	136,444	$	82,008	$	165,625
Held in Foreign Entities		87,304		51,753		53,453
Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities	$	223,748	$	133,761	$	219,078

We believe that our current cash, cash equivalents, and cash flow from operations will be sufficient to fund our operations and our share repurchase program for at least the next 12 months.

If it became necessary to repatriate foreign funds, we may be required to pay U.S. state and local taxes as well as foreign taxes upon repatriation. Due to the complexity of the income tax laws and the effects of the Tax Reform Act, it is impracticable to estimate the amount of U.S state, U.S. local, and foreign tax we would have to pay. See “Risk Factors—If it became necessary to repatriate any of our foreign cash balances to the United States, we may be subject to increased income taxes, other restrictions, and limitations” in Item 1A of this Annual Report.

Cash provided by operating activities

The primary drivers during 2017 were net income of $32.9 million and $23.8 million from trade accounts receivable, largely due to increased cash collections and the timing of billings.

The primary driver during 2016 was net income of $27.0 million.

The primary drivers during 2015 were net income of $36.3 million and a $17.7 million increase in deferred revenue primarily resulting from the difference in timing of billings and revenue recognition.

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Future Cash Receipts from Committed License and Cloud Arrangements

As of December 31, 2017, none of the amounts shown in the table below had been billed and no revenue had been recognized.

The below amounts for 2018 and subsequent periods may not be recognized in the periods shown below as a result of the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard, ASC 606. See Note 2. ”Significant Accounting Polices” in Item 8 of this Annual Report for additional information.

	December 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Term and cloud contracts		Perpetual contracts (1)		Total
2018	$	166,619	$	46,195	$	212,814
2019		158,428		14,630		173,058
2020		110,588		1,979		112,567
2021		57,890		372		58,262
2022 and thereafter		28,552		—		28,552
Total	$	522,077	$	63,176	$	585,253

⁽¹⁾  These amounts are for perpetual licenses with extended payment terms and/or additional rights of use.

Total contractual future cash receipts due from our existing license agreements was approximately $466 million as of December 31, 2016 and $356.4 million as of December 31, 2015.

Cash used in investing activities

During 2017, we purchased $27.7 million of investments, primarily marketable debt securities, and made investments of $13.7 million in property and equipment, partially offset by proceeds received from maturities of investments, including called investment securities of $27 million.

During 2016, we acquired OpenSpan for $48.8 million, net of cash acquired, and invested $19.1 million primarily in internally developed software and leasehold improvements at our corporate headquarters and our office in Hyderabad, India, partially offset by proceeds received from the sales of investments of $62.2 million.

During 2015, we purchased investments for $75.7 million, partially offset by the proceeds received from sales, maturities and called investments of $43.9 million. In 2015, we paid additional cash consideration of $1.6 million to the selling shareholders of companies acquired in 2014 based on the achievement of certain performance milestones. We also invested $11 million primarily in leasehold improvements for the build-out of our office in Hyderabad, India and purchases of computer equipment for our U.S. and India offices.

Cash used in financing activities

Net cash used in financing activities during 2017, 2016, and 2015 was primarily for repurchases of our common stock and the payment of our quarterly dividend. Since 2004, our Board of Directors has approved annual stock repurchase programs that have authorized the repurchase of up to $195 million of our common stock. On May 30, 2017, we announced that our Board of Directors extended the expiration date of the current stock repurchase program to June 30, 2018 (the “Current Program”).

As of December 31, 2017, $153.5 million had been repurchased, $34.9 million remained available for repurchase, and $6.4 million had expired. Purchases under these programs have been made on the open market.

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Common stock repurchases

The following table is a summary of our repurchase activity:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017				2016				2015
(in thousands)	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount
Net settlement of tax under stock-based compensation		818	$	41,825		572	$	16,183		411	$	9,776
Share repurchase program (1)
Repurchases paid		96	$	4,335		1,078	$	27,028		944	$	22,530
Repurchases unsettled at period end		3	$	158		—	$	—		8	$	220
Activity in Period		917	$	46,318		1,650	$	43,211		1,363	$	32,526

⁽¹⁾  Represents activity under our publicly announced share repurchase program.

During 2017, 2016, and 2015, instead of receiving cash from the equity holders, we withheld shares with a value of $28.1 million, $18.1 million, and $11.9 million, respectively, for the exercise price of options. These amounts have been excluded from the table above.

Dividends

(per share)	2017		2016		2015
Dividends Declared	$	0.12	$	0.12	$	0.12

For 2017, 2016, and 2015, we paid cash dividends of $9.3 million, $9.2 million, and $9.2 million, respectively. It is our current intention to pay a quarterly cash dividend of $0.03 per share, however, the Board of Directors may terminate or modify this dividend program at any time without prior notice.

Contractual obligations

As of December 31, 2017, we had purchase obligations for client support and sales and marketing programs, and payments under operating leases. Our lease arrangement for our office headquarters expires in 2023, subject to our option to extend for two additional five-year periods. We also lease space for our other offices under noncancellable operating leases that expire at various dates through 2022.

			Payments due by period
(in thousands)	Total		2018		2019-2020		2021-2022		2023 and thereafter		Other
Purchase obligations (1)	$	40,085	$	17,085	$	23,000	$	—	$	—	$	—
Investment commitments (2)		2,060		2,060		—		—		—		—
Liability for uncertain tax positions (3)		4,717		—		—		—		—		4,717
Operating lease obligations (4)		71,975		15,395		26,618		21,002		8,960		—
Total	$	118,837	$	34,540	$	49,618	$	21,002	$	8,960	$	4,717

⁽¹⁾  Represents the fixed or minimum amounts due under purchase obligations for client support and sales and marketing programs.

⁽²⁾  Represents the maximum funding that would be required under existing investment agreements with privately-held companies.

⁽³⁾  As of December 31, 2017, our recorded liability for uncertain tax positions was approximately $4.7 million. We are unable to reasonably estimate the timing of the cash outflow due to uncertainties in the timing of the effective settlement of tax positions.

⁽⁴⁾  Includes deferred rent of approximately $2.3 million included in accrued expenses and approximately $8.5 million in other long-term liabilities as of December 31, 2017 in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in Item 8 of this Annual Report.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS

Management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. and the rules and regulations of the SEC for annual financial reporting. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience, knowledge of current conditions and beliefs of what could occur in the future given available information.

We believe that, of our significant accounting policies, which are described in Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” in Item 8 of this Annual Report, the following accounting policies are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and require the most subjective judgment. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. If actual results differ significantly from management’s estimates and projections, there could be a material effect on our financial statements.

Revenue recognition

Our revenue is derived primarily from software licenses and related maintenance fees, cloud arrangements, and consulting services. Our arrangements, whether involving licenses or cloud, generally also contain multiple other elements, including consulting services, training, and in the case of licenses, software maintenance services. See Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies” in Item 8 of this Annual Report for our full revenue recognition accounting policy.

Software revenue recognition requires judgment, including whether a software arrangement includes multiple elements, and if so, whether VSOE of fair value exists for those elements. The amount of consideration allocated to undelivered elements is based on the VSOE of fair value for those elements and is recognized as those elements are delivered. Any remaining portion of the total arrangement fee is allocated to the software license—the first element delivered. Revenue is recognized for each element when all of the revenue recognition criteria have been met. Changes in the mix of the elements in a software arrangement, the ability to identify VSOE for those elements, the fair value of the respective elements, and changes to a product’s estimated life cycle could materially impact the amount of earned and unearned revenue.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Impairment

Our goodwill and intangible assets result from our previous business acquisitions. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment at least annually or as circumstances indicate their value may no longer be recoverable. We do not carry any intangible assets with indefinite useful lives other than goodwill. We perform our annual goodwill impairment as of November 30th of each fiscal year. To assess if goodwill is impaired, we first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary. If, as a result of the qualitative assessment, we consider it more-likely-than-not that the fair value of our reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we perform a quantitative impairment test in a two-step process. For the first step, we screen for impairment, and if any possible impairment exists, we undertake a second step of measuring such impairment by performing discounted cash flow analysis. This analysis is based on cash flow assumptions that are consistent with the plans and estimates being used to manage our business. In the first step, we review the carrying amount of our reporting unit compared to the “fair value” of the reporting unit. An excess carrying value over fair value would indicate that goodwill may be impaired. If we determined that goodwill may be impaired, then we would compare the “implied fair value” to the carrying value of the goodwill. We periodically re-evaluate our business and have determined that we have one operating segment and one reporting unit. If our assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record impairment charges to reduce the carrying value of our goodwill. Changes in the

38

valuation of goodwill could materially impact our operating results and financial position. We evaluate our intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. In evaluating potential impairment of these assets, we specifically consider whether any indicators of impairment are present, including, but not limited to:

• whether there has been a significant adverse change in the business climate that affects the value of an asset;

• whether there has been a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used; and

• whether there is an expectation that the asset will be sold or disposed of before the end of its originally estimated useful life.

If indicators of impairment are present, we compare the estimated undiscounted cash flows that the specific asset is expected to generate to its carrying value. The key assumptions of the cash flow model involve significant subjectivity. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value.

As of December 31, 2017, we had $73.0 million of goodwill and $31.9 million of intangible assets. If our estimates or the related assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record impairment charges to reduce or eliminate the carrying value of these assets. Changes in the valuation of long-lived assets could materially impact our operating results and financial position. To date, there have been no impairments of goodwill or intangible assets.

Accounting for Income Taxes

Significant judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes and income tax assets and liabilities, including evaluating uncertainties in the application of accounting principles and complex tax laws. Changes in tax laws or our interpretation of tax laws and the resolution of any tax audits could significantly impact our financial statements.

We regularly assess the need for a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. Future realization of our deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income within the available carryback or carryforward periods. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount we believe is more likely than not to be realized. Changes in our valuation allowance impact income tax expense in the period of adjustment. Our deferred tax valuation allowance requires significant judgment and uncertainties, including assumptions about future taxable income that are based on historical and projected information.

We assess our income tax positions and record tax benefits based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we record the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority having full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit is recognized in the financial statements.

As a global company, we use significant judgment to calculate and provide for income taxes in each of the tax jurisdictions in which we operate. In the ordinary course of our business, there are transactions and calculations undertaken whose ultimate tax outcome cannot be certain. Some of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of transfer pricing for transactions with our subsidiaries and nexus and tax credit estimates. In addition, the calculation of acquired tax attributes and the associated limitations are complex. We estimate our exposure to unfavorable outcomes related to these uncertainties and estimate the probability of such outcomes.

Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final tax outcome will not be different from what is reflected in our historical income tax provisions, returns, and accruals. Such

39

differences, or changes in estimates relating to potential differences, could have a material impact on our income tax provision and operating results in the period in which such a determination is made.

See Note 15 “Income Taxes” in Item 8 of this Annual Report for additional information.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

New Accounting Pronouncements are detailed in Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies,” in Item 8 of this Annual Report.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may affect us due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily related to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and interest rates.

Foreign currency exposure

Our international sales are usually denominated in foreign currencies. However, the operating expenses of our foreign operations are also primarily denominated in foreign currencies, which partially offset our foreign currency exposure. A hypothetical 10% strengthening in the U.S. dollar against other currencies would result in an approximately 4%, 3%, and 3% decrease in revenues for 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, but would not have a material impact on our results of operations. See “Risk Factors—We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates that could negatively impact our financial results and cash flows” in Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report.

We have experienced and expect to continue to experience fluctuations in our net income as a result of transaction gains or losses related to remeasuring monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entities in which they are recorded. We are primarily exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates associated with Australian dollar, Euro, and U.S. dollar denominated cash, accounts receivable, and intercompany receivables and payables held by our U.K. subsidiary, a British pound functional entity.

We recognized a net foreign currency transaction (loss)/gain of $(0.9) million, $2.2 million, and $(4.2) million for the 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. We have historically used, but do not currently use, forward contracts to manage our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. These forward contracts were not designated as hedging instruments, and changes in the fair value of these forward contracts are recognized in other expense, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in Item 8 of this Annual Report.

If the British pound exchange rate in comparison to the Australian dollar, Euro, and U.S. dollar at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 uniformly strengthened by 10%, the total impact to foreign currency transaction (loss)/gain and other expense would have decreased our results of operations by $1.6 million for both periods.

Interest rate exposure

As of December 31, 2017, we had $61.5 million of marketable debt securities, which consisted primarily of corporate and municipal bonds, with a weighted-average remaining maturity of 12 months. Due to the overall short-term remaining maturities of our marketable debt securities, our interest rate exposure is not significant. As of December 31, 2017, a 200 basis point increase in market interest rates would have reduced the fair value of our fixed rate marketable debt securities by approximately $1.2 million.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		42
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016		44
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December  31, 2017, 2016, and 2015		45
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015		46
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015		47
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December  31, 2017, 2016, and 2015		48
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		49

41

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Pegasystems Inc.

Cambridge, Massachusetts

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Pegasystems Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on and Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.

Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made

42

only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

February 26, 2018

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2000.

43

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	As of December 31,
	2017			2016
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	162,279		$	70,594
Marketable securities		61,469			63,167
Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities		223,748			133,761
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance of $7,655 and $4,126		248,331			265,028
Income taxes receivable		25,662			14,155
Other current assets		14,559			12,188
Total current assets		512,300			425,132
Property and equipment, net		40,359			38,281
Deferred income taxes		57,127			69,898
Other long-term assets		6,969			3,990
Intangible assets, net		31,899			44,191
Goodwill		72,952			73,164
Total assets	$	721,606		$	654,656
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	17,370		$	14,414
Accrued expenses		45,508			36,751
Accrued compensation and related expenses		66,040			60,660
Deferred revenue		195,073			175,647
Total current liabilities		323,991			287,472
Income taxes payable		4,717			4,263
Long-term Deferred revenue		6,591			10,989
Other long-term liabilities		15,229			16,043
Total liabilities		350,528			318,767
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding		—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000 shares authorized; 78,081 and 76,591 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively		781			766
Additional paid-in capital		152,097			143,903
Retained earnings		221,926			198,315
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Net unrealized loss on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax		(232	)		(169	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		(3,494	)		(6,926	)
Total stockholders’ equity		371,078			335,889
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	721,606		$	654,656

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

44

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
Revenue:
Software license	$	288,334		$	279,995		$	275,588
Maintenance		244,347			220,336			202,802
Services		307,901			249,935			204,305
Total revenue		840,582			750,266			682,695
Cost of revenue:
Software license		5,085			4,943			4,125
Maintenance		27,905			25,505			21,903
Services		246,683			208,808			187,418
Total cost of revenue		279,673			239,256			213,446
Gross profit		560,909			511,010			469,249
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing		307,210			278,849			241,387
Research and development		162,886			145,548			126,374
General and administrative		52,153			45,951			36,738
Acquisition-related		—			2,903			89
Total operating expenses		522,249			473,251			404,588
Income from operations		38,660			37,759			64,661
Foreign currency transaction (loss)/gain		(900	)		2,247			(4,168	)
Interest income, net		731			776			1,056
Other expense, net		(1,391	)		(5,580	)		(1,044	)
Income before provision for income taxes		37,100			35,202			60,505
Provision for income taxes		4,166			8,216			24,183
Net income	$	32,934		$	26,986		$	36,322
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.43		$	0.35		$	0.47
Diluted	$	0.40		$	0.34		$	0.46
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic		77,431			76,343			76,507
Diluted		82,832			79,732			79,043

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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PEGASYSTEMS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
Net income	$	32,934		$	26,986		$	36,322
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax		(63	)		(19	)		(85	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		3,432			(3,569	)		(2,810	)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax		3,369			(3,588	)		(2,895	)
Comprehensive income	$	36,303		$	23,398		$	33,427

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

46

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

	Common Stock						Additional Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income			Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Number of Shares			Amount
Balance at January 1, 2015		76,357		$	764		$	141,495		$	153,058		$	(612	)	$	294,705
Repurchase of common stock		(952	)		(10	)		(22,740	)		—			—			(22,750	)
Issuance of common stock for share-based compensation plans		1,059			11			(9,201	)		—			—			(9,190	)
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan		24			—			550			—			—			550
Stock-based compensation expense		—			—			30,078			—			—			30,078
Tax benefit from exercise or vesting of equity awards, net of deferred tax asset deficiencies of $105		—			—			5,236			—			—			5,236
Cash dividends declared ($0.12 per share)		—			—			—			(9,197	)		—			(9,197	)
Other comprehensive loss		—			—			—			—			(2,895	)		(2,895	)
Net income		—			—			—			36,322			—			36,322
December 31, 2015		76,488		$	765		$	145,418		$	180,183		$	(3,507	)	$	322,859
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2016-09		—			—			—			321			—			321
Repurchase of common stock		(1,078	)		(11	)		(27,017	)		—			—			(27,028	)
Issuance of common stock for share-based compensation plans		1,161			12			(15,868	)		—			—			(15,856	)
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan		20			—			562			—			—			562
Stock-based compensation expense		—			—			40,808			—			—			40,808
Cash dividends declared ($0.12 per share)		—			—			—			(9,175	)		—			(9,175	)
Other comprehensive loss		—			—			—			—			(3,588	)		(3,588	)
Net income		—			—			—			26,986			—			26,986
December 31, 2016		76,591		$	766		$	143,903		$	198,315		$	(7,095	)	$	335,889
Repurchase of common stock		(99	)		—			(4,493	)		—			—			(4,493	)
Issuance of common stock for share-based compensation plans		1,568			15			(41,642	)		—			—			(41,627	)
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan		21			—			1,009			—			—			1,009
Stock-based compensation expense		—			—			53,320			—			—			53,320
Cash dividends declared ($0.12 per share)		—			—			—			(9,323	)		—			(9,323	)
Other comprehensive income		—			—			—			—			3,369			3,369
Net income		—			—			—			32,934			—			32,934
December 31, 2017		78,081		$	781		$	152,097		$	221,926		$	(3,726	)	$	371,078

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

47

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2015
Operating activities:
Net income	$	32,934		$	26,986		$	36,322
Adjustment to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred income taxes		13,795			(5,810	)		(2,099	)
Depreciation and amortization		24,713			24,137			23,093
Stock-based compensation expense		53,313			40,821			30,054
Foreign currency transaction loss (gain)		900			(2,247	)		4,168
Amortization of investments		1,381			1,862			2,238
Other non-cash		(1,383	)		(1,382	)		822
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable		23,814			(56,730	)		(62,235	)
Income taxes receivable and other current assets		(13,393	)		(10,818	)		3,223
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		14,473			1,531			16,572
Deferred revenue		8,363			21,271			17,668
Other long-term assets and liabilities		(675	)		253			(2,023	)
Cash provided by operating activities		158,235			39,874			67,803
Investing activities:
Purchases of investments		(27,718	)		(23,969	)		(75,702	)
Proceeds from maturities and called investments		26,997			22,788			42,026
Sales of investments		—			62,210			1,915
Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired		(297	)		(49,113	)		(1,671	)
Investment in property and equipment		(13,741	)		(19,088	)		(11,020	)
Cash used in investing activities		(14,759	)		(7,172	)		(44,452	)
Financing activities:
Dividend payments to shareholders		(9,277	)		(9,174	)		(9,194	)
Common stock repurchases for tax withholdings for net settlement of equity awards		(40,617	)		(15,294	)		(8,640	)
Common stock repurchases under share repurchase program		(4,335	)		(27,248	)		(22,825	)
Cash used in financing activities		(54,229	)		(51,716	)		(40,659	)
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		2,438			(3,418	)		(4,251	)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		91,685			(22,432	)		(21,559	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		70,594			93,026			114,585
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	162,279		$	70,594		$	93,026
Supplemental disclosures:
Income taxes (refunded)/paid	$	(2,322	)	$	28,844		$	30,215
Non-cash investing and financing activity:
Dividends payable	$	2,344		$	2,298		$	2,297

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

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PEGASYSTEMS INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Business

The Company develops, markets, licenses, and supports software applications for marketing, sales automation, customer service, and operations, in addition to the Pega Platform for clients that wish to build and extend their own applications. The Company provides implementation, consulting, training, technical support, and hosting services to facilitate the use of its software.

Management estimates and reporting

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S.”) requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Accounts with reported amounts based on significant estimates and judgments include, but are not limited to, revenue, deferred revenue, deferred income taxes, income taxes payable, intangible assets, and goodwill.

Principles of consolidation

The Company’s consolidated financial statements reflect Pegasystems Inc. and subsidiaries in which the Company holds a controlling financial interest.

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Revenue recognition

The Company’s revenue is derived primarily from software licenses, cloud arrangements, maintenance fees related to the Company’s software licenses, and consulting services. The Company’s license arrangements, whether involving a perpetual license or a term license, generally also contain multiple elements, including consulting services, training, and software maintenance services.

Software revenue recognition requires judgment, including whether a software arrangement includes multiple elements, and if so, whether vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value exists for those elements. The amount of arrangement consideration allocated to undelivered elements is based on the VSOE of fair value for those elements and recognized as those elements are delivered. Any remaining portion of the total arrangement fee is allocated to the software license—the first delivered element. Revenue is recognized for each element when all of the revenue recognition criteria have been met. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from clients and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Changes in the mix of the elements in a software arrangement, the ability to identify VSOE for those elements, the fair value of the respective elements, and changes to a product’s estimated life cycle could materially impact the amount of earned and unearned revenue.

Before the Company can recognize revenue, the following four basic criteria must be met:

• Persuasive evidence of an arrangement—As evidence of the existence of an arrangement, the Company uses a contract or purchase order signed by the client and the Company for software, including cloud, and maintenance, and a statement of work for consulting services. In the event the client is a reseller, the Company ensures a binding agreement exists between the reseller and end user of the software.

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• Delivery of product and services—The Company delivers its software electronically and/or ships it via disc media. Services are considered delivered as the work is performed or, in the case of maintenance, over the contractual service period.

• Fee is fixed or determinable—The Company assesses whether a fee is fixed or determinable at the onset of the arrangement. In addition, the Company assesses whether contract modifications to an existing arrangement constitute a concession or whether extended payment terms exist. The Company’s agreements do not include a right of return.

• Collection of fee is probable—The Company assesses the probability of collecting from each client at the onset of the arrangement based on a number of factors, including the client’s payment history, its current creditworthiness, economic conditions in the client’s industry and geographic location, and general economic conditions. If, in the Company’s judgment, collection of a fee is not probable, revenue is recognized as cash is collected, provided all other conditions for revenue recognition have been met.

Software license revenues

Perpetual software license fees are recognized as revenue when the software is delivered, any acceptance required by the contract that is not perfunctory is obtained, no significant obligations or contingencies exist related to the software, all other undelivered elements in a multiple element arrangement possess VSOE, and all other revenue recognition criteria are met.

Term software license fees are usually payable on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis under license agreements that typically have a three to five-year term and may be renewed for additional terms at the client’s option. The Company recognizes term license revenue over the term of the agreement as payments become due or earlier if prepaid, provided all other criteria for revenue recognition have been met.

Maintenance revenues

First-year maintenance typically is sold with the related software license and renewed on an annual basis thereafter. Maintenance revenue is deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the support period, which is generally one year and subject to annual renewals. Perpetual software maintenance obligations are based on separately stated renewal rates in the arrangement that are substantive and therefore represent VSOE of fair value. Term license arrangements include separately stated maintenance fees and the Company uses stand-alone sales to determine VSOE of fair value.

Services revenues

The Company’s services revenue is comprised of fees for consulting services including software implementation, training, reimbursable expenses, and for sales of its Pega Cloud as-a-platform offering (“Pega Cloud”), which includes the Pega Cloud Dev/Test environment and the Pega Cloud Production environment. Consulting services may be provided on a “stand-alone” basis or bundled with a license and software maintenance services.

Revenue from training services and consulting services under time and materials contracts is recognized as services are performed. The Company has VSOE of fair value for its training services and consulting services under time and materials contracts in the Americas, Europe, and certain regions of Asia.

Consulting services may sometimes be provided on a fixed-price basis. The Company does not have VSOE of fair value for fixed-price services or time and materials services in certain geographical regions. When these services are part of a multiple element arrangement, and the services are not essential to the functionality of the software, and when services, including maintenance, are the only undelivered element, the Company recognizes

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the revenue from the total arrangement ratably over the longer of the software maintenance period or the service period. Revenue from fixed-price services that are not bundled with a software license is generally recognized ratably over the service period, which is typically less than four months.

Revenue from stand-alone sales of the Pega Cloud Dev/Test environment is recognized as services are performed because the Company has VSOE of fair value.

Revenue from stand-alone sales of the Pega Cloud Production environment is recognized ratably over the term of the service. When implementation services are sold together with the Company’s Pega Cloud offering and these services have stand-alone value to the client, the Company accounts for these services separately from this offering. Stand-alone value is established through the client’s ability to buy these services from many trained partner system integrators and from transactions sold independently from the sale of Pega Cloud. Since these multiple-element arrangements are not software license sales, the Company applies a selling price hierarchy to determine the fair value of each element in the arrangement. Under the selling price hierarchy, each element’s fair value is determined based on its VSOE, if available. If VSOE does not exist, third-party evidence of fair value (“TPE”) will be considered, and estimated selling price (“ESP”) will be used if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. The Company generally does not have VSOE of its Pega Cloud offering and is not able to determine TPE as its sales strategy is customized to the needs of its clients and the Company’s products and services are dissimilar to comparable products or services in the marketplace. In determining ESP, the Company applies significant judgment as it weighs a variety of factors, based on the facts and circumstances of the arrangement. The Company typically arrives at an ESP for a service without VSOE or TPE by considering company-specific factors such as geographies, competitive landscape, and pricing practices used to establish bundled pricing and discounting.

Deferred revenue

Deferred software license revenue typically results from client billings for which all of the criteria to recognize revenue have not been met. Deferred maintenance revenue represents software license updates and product support contracts that are typically billed in advance and are recognized ratably over the support periods. Deferred services revenue represents advanced billings for consulting, hosting, and training services that are recognized as the services are performed.

Fair value of financial instruments

The principal financial instruments held by the Company consist of cash equivalents, marketable securities, derivative instruments, accounts receivable, and accounts payable. See Note 3 “Marketable Securities”, Note 4 “Derivative Instruments”, and Note 5 “Fair Value Measurements” for further discussion of financial instruments that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis.

Derivative instruments

The Company has in the past used, but does not currently use, foreign currency forward contracts (“forward contracts”) to manage its exposures to changes in foreign currency exchange rates associated with its foreign currency denominated accounts receivable, intercompany receivable and payables, and cash. See Note 4 “Derivative Instruments” for further discussion.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are three years for computer equipment and five years for furniture and fixtures. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the term of the lease or the useful life of the asset. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

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Internal-use software

The Company capitalizes and amortizes certain direct costs associated with computer software developed or purchased for internal use incurred during the application development stage. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred. The Company amortizes capitalized software costs generally over three to five years commencing on the date the software is placed into service.

During 2016, the Company placed into service computer software developed for internal use of $11.3 million, of which $1.1 million was capitalized in 2015 and $10.2 million was capitalized in 2016.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the residual purchase price paid in a business combination after the fair value of all identified assets and liabilities have been recorded. Goodwill is not amortized. The Company operates as a single reporting unit. The Company performed its qualitative assessment as of November 30, 2017, 2016, and 2015, and concluded it was not more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit was less than its carrying value.

Intangible and long-lived assets

All of the Company’s intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful life. The Company evaluates its long-lived tangible and intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Impairment is assessed by comparing the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the intangible asset to its carrying value. If impairment exists, the Company calculates the impairment by comparing the carrying value of the intangible asset to its fair value as determined by discounted expected cash flows. The Company did not record any impairments in 2017, 2016, or 2015.

Business combinations

The Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to accurately assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. The Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. In addition, uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances are initially established in connection with a business combination as of the acquisition date. The Company continues to collect information and reevaluates these estimates and assumptions quarterly and records any adjustments to the Company’s preliminary estimates to goodwill provided that the Company is within the measurement period. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Research and development and software development costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalization of computer software developed for resale begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility, generally demonstrated by a working model or an operative version of the computer software product. Such costs have not been material to date as technological feasibility is established within a short time frame from the software’s general availability and, as a result, no costs were capitalized in 2017, 2016, or 2015.

Stock-based compensation

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense associated with equity awards based on the fair value of these awards at the grant date. Stock-based compensation is recognized over the requisite service

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period, which is generally the vesting period of the equity award, and is adjusted each period for anticipated forfeitures. See Note 14 “Stock-based Compensation” for discussion of the Company’s key assumptions included in determining the fair value of its equity awards at the grant date.

Foreign currency translation

The translation of assets and liabilities for the Company’s subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. Dollar are made at period-end exchange rates. Revenue and expense accounts are translated at the average exchange rates during the period transactions occurred. The resulting translation adjustments are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized and unrealized exchange gains or losses from transactions and remeasurement adjustments are reflected in foreign currency transaction loss in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Accounting for income taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company regularly assesses the need for a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. Future realization of the Company’s deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income within the available carryback or carryforward periods. Sources of taxable income include taxable income in prior carryback years, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, tax planning strategies, and future taxable income. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to an amount it believes is more-likely-than-not to be realized. Changes in the valuation allowance impacts income tax expense in the period of adjustment. The Company’s deferred tax valuation allowance requires significant judgment and uncertainties, including assumptions about future taxable income that are based on historical and projected information. The Company recognizes excess tax benefits when they are realized, through a reduction in income taxes payable using the with-and-without stock option method.

The Company assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company records the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority having full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit is recognized in the financial statements. The Company classifies liabilities for uncertain tax positions as non-current liabilities unless the uncertainty is expected to be resolved within one year. The Company classifies interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as income tax expense.

As a global company, the Company uses significant judgment to calculate and provide for income taxes in each of the tax jurisdictions in which it operates. In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, there are transactions and calculations undertaken whose ultimate tax outcome cannot be certain. Some of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of transfer pricing for transactions with the Company’s subsidiaries and nexus and tax credit estimates. In addition, the calculation of acquired tax attributes and the associated limitations are complex. See Note 15 “Income Taxes” for further information.

Advertising expense

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were $6.1 million, $8.9 million, and $9.8 million during 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

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New accounting pronouncements

Stock-Based Compensation

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-09 “Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Scope of Modification Accounting” to clarify when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. The effective date for the Company will be January 1, 2018. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material effect on its financial position or results of operations.

Financial Instruments

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost, including trade accounts receivable, upon initial recognition of that financial asset using a forward-looking expected loss model, rather than an incurred loss model for credit losses. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses when the fair value is below the amortized cost of the asset, removing the concept of “other-than-temporary” impairments. The effective date for the Company will be January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheets, recognizing a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The effective date for the Company will be January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects that most of its operating lease commitments will be subject to this ASU and recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption with no material impact to its results of operations and cash flows.

Revenue

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”. This ASU amends the guidance for revenue recognition, creating the new ASC Topic 606 (“ASC 606”). ASC 606 requires entities to apportion consideration from contracts to performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis, based on a five-step model. Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a client obtains control of a promised good or service and is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for the good or service. In addition, ASC 606 requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with clients.

The Company has elected the full retrospective adoption model, effective January 1, 2018. The Company’s quarterly results beginning with the quarter ending March 31, 2018 and comparative prior periods will be compliant with ASC 606. The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 will be the Company’s first Annual Report that will be issued in compliance with ASC 606.

The Company has substantially completed the implementation of ASC 606 and has identified the necessary changes to its policies, processes, systems, and controls. However, due to the complex nature of the Company’s arrangements and recent updates to interpretive guidance, which were made as recently as the fall of 2017, the Company has not yet completed all of its internal control procedures.

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Based upon the work performed to date, the Company expects to record a cumulative-effect adjustment as of December 31, 2015 to increase retained earnings by approximately $205 million which includes a $30 million increase in retained earnings due to deferred commission expense and a $97 million decrease in retained earnings due to the resulting tax impact. We expect to fully disclose the impacts of the new standard in connection with our 10Q filing for the first quarter of 2018.

The Company expects the following impacts upon adoption of the standard:

• Currently, the Company recognizes revenue from term licenses and perpetual licenses with extended payment terms over the term of the agreement as payments become due or earlier if prepaid, provided all other criteria for revenue recognition have been met, and any corresponding maintenance over the term of the agreement. The adoption of ASC 606 will result in revenue for performance obligations being recognized as they are satisfied, which will typically occur upon delivery. Therefore, revenue from the term and perpetual license performance obligations with extended payment terms is recognized when control is transferred to the client. Any unrecognized license revenue from these arrangements, included in deferred revenue at December 31, 2015, will not be recognized in revenue in future periods but as a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings. Further, term license revenue from new arrangements executed in 2016 and 2017 will be recognized in full in the year that control of the license is transferred to the client instead of over the term of the agreement. Revenue from the maintenance performance obligations is expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term, consistent with the previous treatment. Due to the revenue from term and perpetual licenses with extended payment terms being recognized prior to amounts being billed to the client, the Company expects to recognize a material unbilled receivable on the balance sheet.

• Currently, the Company allocates revenue to licenses under the residual method when it has Vendor Specific Objective Evidence (“VSOE”) for the remaining undelivered elements, which allocates any future credits or significant discounts entirely to the license. The adoption of ASC 606 will result in future credits, significant discounts, and material rights under ASC 606, generally allocated to all performance obligations based upon their relative selling price. Under ASC 606, additional license revenue from the reallocation of such arrangement considerations will be recognized when control is transferred to the client, which is generally upon delivery of the license.

• Currently, the Company does not have VSOE, in software bundled arrangements, for fixed price services, time and materials services in certain geographical areas, and unspecified future products, which results in revenue being deferred in such instances until such time as VSOE exists for all undelivered elements or recognized ratably over the longest performance period. The adoption of ASC 606 eliminates the requirement for VSOE and replaces it with the concept of a stand-alone selling price. Once the transaction price is allocated to each of the performance obligations based on their relative stand-alone selling prices, the Company can recognize revenue as the performance obligations are delivered, either at a point in time or over time. Under ASC 606, license revenue will be recognized when control is transferred to the client, consulting revenue will be recognized over time based on input measures that reflect the Company’s performance on the contract. This will result in the acceleration of consulting revenue when compared to the current practice of ratable recognition for consulting when there is a lack of VSOE.

• Sales commissions and other third party acquisition costs resulting directly from securing contracts with clients are currently expensed when incurred. ASC 340-40 “Accounting for Other Assets and Deferred Costs” will require these costs to be recognized as an asset when incurred and to be expensed over the associated contract term or estimated client life depending on the nature of the underlying contract. The Company expects this change to impact its commissions related to multi-year cloud offerings and term and perpetual licenses with additional rights of use that extend beyond one year which will require the allocation of a portion of the commission paid for term and perpetual licenses to future maintenance obligations when the commission rates within each arrangement are not commensurate. This change will impact retained earnings as of December 31, 2015 but will not have a significant impact in future periods.

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• ASC 606 provides additional accounting guidance for contract modifications whereby changes must be accounted for either as a retrospective change (creating either a catch up or deferral of past revenues), prospectively with a reallocation of revenues amongst identified performance obligations, or prospectively as separate contracts which will not require any reallocation. This may result in a difference in the timing of the recognition of revenue as compared to how contract modifications are recognized currently.

• There will be a corresponding effect on tax liabilities in relation to all of the above impacts.

3. MARKETABLE SECURITIES

(in thousands)	December 31, 2017
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Municipal bonds	$	32,996	$	—	$	(148	)	$	32,848
Corporate bonds		28,757		1		(137	)		28,621
	$	61,753	$	1	$	(285	)	$	61,469

(in thousands)	December 31, 2016
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Municipal bonds	$	36,746	$	—	$	(139	)	$	36,607
Corporate bonds		26,610		1		(51	)		26,560
	$	63,356	$	1	$	(190	)	$	63,167

The Company considers debt securities with maturities of three months or less from the purchase date to be cash equivalents. Interest is recorded when earned. All of the Company’s investments are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses considered to be temporary in nature are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of related income taxes. The Company reviews all investments for reductions in fair value that are other-than-temporary. When such reductions occur, the cost of the investment is adjusted to fair value through recording a loss on investments in the consolidated statements of operations. Gains and losses on investments are calculated on the basis of specific identification.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company did not hold any investments with unrealized losses considered to be other than temporary.

As of December 31, 2017, remaining maturities of marketable debt securities ranged from January 2018 to October 2020, with a weighted-average remaining maturity of approximately 12 months.

4. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The Company historically used, but does not currently use, foreign currency forward contracts (“forward contracts”) to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates associated with its foreign currency denominated cash, accounts receivable, and intercompany receivables and payables held primarily by the U.S. parent company and its United Kingdom (“U.K.”) subsidiary. The cash flows related to these forward contracts are classified as operating activities in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company does not enter into any forward contracts for trading or speculative purposes.

At December 31, 2016, the total notional value of the Company’s outstanding forward contracts was $128.4 million.

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The fair value of the Company’s outstanding forward contracts was as follows:

(in thousands)	December 31, 2016
	Recorded In:		Fair Value
Asset Derivatives
Foreign currency forward contracts		Other current assets	$	628
Liability Derivatives
Foreign currency forward contracts		Accrued expenses	$	883

The Company had forward contracts outstanding with total notional values as of December 31, 2016 as follows:

(in thousands)
Euro	€	29,820
British pound	£	6,440
Australian dollar	A$	22,010
United States dollar	$	73,125

The income statement impact of the Company’s outstanding forward contracts and foreign currency transactions was as follows:

	2017			2016			2015
Gain (loss) from the change in the fair value of forward contracts included in other expense, net	$	286		$	(5,643	)	$	(1,047	)
Foreign currency transaction (losses) gains from the remeasurement of foreign currency assets and liabilities		(900	)		2,247			(4,168	)

5. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The Company records its marketable securities, forward contracts and investments in privately-held companies at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for classifying the fair value measurements, a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which classifies the fair value measurements based on the inputs used in measuring fair value, was established as follows: (Level 1) observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; (Level 2) significant other inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly; and (Level 3) significant unobservable inputs on which there is little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions. This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value.

The Company’s cash equivalents are composed of money market funds and time deposits which are classified as Level 1 and Level 2, respectively, in the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s marketable securities are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are valued based on a market approach using quoted prices, when available, or matrix pricing compiled by third party pricing vendors, using observable market inputs such as interest rates, yield curves, and credit risk. The Company’s foreign currency forward contracts, which are all classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, are valued based on the notional amounts and rates under the contracts and observable market inputs such as currency exchange rates and credit risk. The Company’s investments in privately-held companies are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and are valued using model-based techniques, including option pricing models and discounted cash flow models.

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If applicable, the Company will recognize transfers into and out of levels within the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period in which the actual event or change in circumstance occurs. There were no transfers of investments between Level 1 and Level 2 during 2017 and 2016.

The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using						Total
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2017
Fair Value Assets:
Cash equivalents (1)	$	2,720	$	40,051	$	—	$	42,771
Marketable securities:
Municipal bonds	$	—	$	32,848	$	—	$	32,848
Corporate bonds		—		28,621		—		28,621
Total marketable securities	$	—	$	61,469	$	—	$	61,469
Investments in privately-held companies (2)	$	—	$	—	$	1,030	$	1,030
December 31, 2016
Fair Value Assets:
Money market funds (1)	$	458	$	—	$	—	$	458
Marketable securities:
Municipal bonds	$	—	$	36,607	$	—	$	36,607
Corporate bonds		—		26,560		—		26,560
Total marketable securities	$	—	$	63,167	$	—	$	63,167
Foreign currency forward contracts	$	—	$	628	$	—	$	628
Fair Value Liabilities:
Foreign currency forward contracts	$	—	$	883	$	—	$	883

⁽¹⁾  Included in cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets.

⁽²⁾  Included in other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

For certain other financial instruments, including accounts receivable and accounts payable, the carrying value approximates their fair value due to the relatively short maturity of these items.

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as property and equipment, and intangible assets are recognized at fair value when they are impaired. During 2017, 2016, and 2015, the Company did not recognize any impairments on its assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

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6. TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET OF ALLOWANCE

Unbilled trade accounts receivable primarily relate to services earned under time and materials arrangements and to license, maintenance, and cloud arrangements that have commenced or been delivered in excess of scheduled invoicing.

(in thousands)	December 31,
	2017			2016
Trade accounts receivable	$	225,923		$	234,473
Unbilled accounts receivable		30,063			34,681
Total accounts receivable		255,986			269,154
Allowance for sales credit memos		(7,655	)		(4,126	)
	$	248,331		$	265,028

The Company records an allowance for estimates of potential sales credit memos when the related revenue is recorded and reviews this allowance periodically.

The following reflects the activity of the allowance for sales credit memos:

(in thousands)	2017			2016			2015
Balance at beginning of year	$	4,126		$	4,631		$	1,540
Provision for credit memos		7,052			3,290			8,005
Credit memos issued		(3,523	)		(3,795	)		(4,914	)
	$	7,655		$	4,126		$	4,631

7. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

(in thousands)	December 31,
	2017			2016
Leasehold improvements	$	38,650		$	32,852
Computer equipment		23,783			21,522
Furniture and fixtures		8,517			6,127
Computer software purchased		6,690			6,083
Computer software developed for internal use		12,596			12,069
Fixed assets in progress		2,167			772
		92,403			79,425
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(52,044	)		(41,144	)
Property and equipment, net	$	40,359		$	38,281

Depreciation expense was approximately $12.4 million, $11.2 million, and $10.6 million for 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

8. ACQUISITIONS

On April 11, 2016, the Company acquired OpenSpan, Inc. (“OpenSpan”), a privately held software provider of robotic process automation and workforce analytics software for $48.8 million in cash, net of $1.8 million in cash acquired.

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9. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

As discussed in Note 17 “Geographic Information and Major Clients”, the Company operates in one reportable segment and has one reporting unit.

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill:

(in thousands)	2017			2016
Balance as of January 1,	$	73,164		$	46,776
Acquisitions		—			26,689
Purchase price adjustments to goodwill		(354	)		—
Translation adjustments		142			(301	)
Balance as of December 31,	$	72,952		$	73,164

Intangible assets are recorded at cost and are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.

(in thousands)	Range of Useful Lives		Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net book value
December 31, 2017
Client related intangibles		9-10 years	$	63,164	$	(44,835	)	$	18,329
Technology		7-10 years		58,942		(45,372	)		13,570
Other intangibles		—		5,361		(5,361	)		—
Total			$	127,467	$	(95,568	)	$	31,899
December 31, 2016
Client related intangibles		4-10 years	$	63,091	$	(37,573	)	$	25,518
Technology		3-10 years		58,942		(40,269	)		18,673
Other intangibles		—		5,361		(5,361	)		—
Total			$	127,394	$	(83,203	)	$	44,191

Amortization expense of acquired intangibles was reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as follows:

(in thousands)	2017		2016		2015
Cost of revenue	$	5,103	$	5,986	$	5,392
Selling and marketing		7,235		7,145		6,127
General and administrative		—		277		683
	$	12,338	$	13,408	$	12,202

Future estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets as of December 31, 2017 was as follows:

(in thousands)	Future estimated amortization expense
2018	$	11,345
2019		5,553
2020		2,657
2021		2,633
2022 and thereafter		9,711
	$	31,899

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10. ACCRUED EXPENSES

(in thousands)	December 31,
	2017		2016
Outside professional services	$	14,468	$	10,204
Income and other taxes		7,420		10,422
Marketing and sales program expenses		6,444		3,707
Dividends payable		2,344		2,298
Employee related expenses		4,065		3,806
Other		10,767		6,314
	$	45,508	$	36,751

11. DEFERRED REVENUE

(in thousands)	December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Term license	$	16,853	$	15,843
Perpetual license		19,277		23,189
Maintenance		126,083		112,397
Cloud		23,276		13,604
Consulting and Training		9,584		10,614
Current deferred revenue		195,073		175,647
Perpetual license		2,568		7,909
Maintenance		2,745		1,802
Cloud		1,278		1,278
Long-term deferred revenue		6,591		10,989
	$	201,664	$	186,636

12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments

The Company leases space for its offices under noncancellable operating leases that expire at various dates through 2023.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company’s future minimum rental payments required under operating leases with noncancellable terms in excess of one year were as follows:

(in thousands)	Operating Leases (1)
2018	$	15,395
2019		13,881
2020		12,737
2021		11,066
2022 and thereafter		18,896
	$	71,975

⁽¹⁾ Operating leases include future minimum rent payments, net of estimated sublease income for facilities that the Company has vacated pursuant to its restructuring activities.

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Rent expense under operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis to account for scheduled rent increases and landlord tenant allowances. In connection with the Company’s amended lease for its office headquarters dated November 11, 2014, the Company has a landlord tenant allowance totaling approximately $9.4 million, all of which was used and reimbursed to the Company as of December 31, 2016 and will be amortized as a reduction to rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Total rent expense under operating leases was approximately $14.7 million, $13.4 million, and $12.3 million for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Contingencies

The Company is a party in various contractual disputes, litigation and potential claims arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company does not believe that the resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations.

13. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Preferred stock

The Company has authorized 1 million shares of preferred stock. The Board of Directors has the authority to issue the shares of preferred stock in one or more series, to establish the number of shares to be included in each series, and to fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each series and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, without any further vote or action by the stockholders. The issuance of preferred stock could decrease the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to holders of common stock, and may have the effect of delaying, deferring or defeating a change in control of the Company. The Company had not issued any shares of preferred stock through December 31, 2017.

Common stock

The Company has 200 million authorized shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of which 78.1 million shares were issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017.

Since 2004, the Company’s Board of Directors has approved stock repurchase programs that have authorized the Company to repurchase in the aggregate up to $195 million of its common stock. On May 30, 2017, we announced that our Board of Directors extended the expiration date of the current stock repurchase program to June 30, 2018. Purchases under these programs have been made on the open market.

(in thousands)	2017					2016					2015
	Shares		Amount			Shares		Amount			Shares		Amount
Authorization remaining, beginning of period			$	39,385				$	40,534				$	13,284
Authorizations				—					25,879					50,000
Repurchases paid		96		(4,335	)		1,078		(27,028	)		944		(22,530	)
Repurchases unsettled		3		(158	)		—		—			8		(220	)
Authorization remaining, end of period			$	34,892				$	39,385				$	40,534

Dividends

For 2017, 2016, and 2015, the Company paid cash dividends of $9.3 million, $9.2 million, and $9.2 million, respectively.

(per share)	2017		2016		2015
Dividends Declared	$	0.12	$	0.12	$	0.12

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It is the Company’s current intention to pay a quarterly cash dividend of $0.03 per share, however, the Board of Directors may terminate or modify this dividend program at any time without notice.

14. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The following table presents the stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations:

(in thousands)	2017			2016			2015
Cost of revenues	$	14,573		$	11,459		$	8,772
Selling and marketing		15,720			12,464			8,911
Research and development		13,618			10,043			8,116
General and administrative		9,402			6,513			4,255
Acquisition-related		—			342			—
Total stock-based compensation before tax	$	53,313		$	40,821		$	30,054
Income tax benefit	$	(12,113	)	$	(12,198	)	$	(8,098	)

The majority of the Company’s stock-based compensation arrangements generally vest over five years with 20% vesting after one year and the remaining 80% vesting in equal quarterly installments over the remaining four years. The Company’s stock options have a ten-year term. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation using the accelerated attribution method, treating each vesting tranche as if it were an individual grant.

The Company periodically grants stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) for a fixed number of shares upon vesting to employees and non-employee Directors. The exercise price for stock options is greater than or equal to the fair market value of the shares at the grant date. RSUs deliver to the recipient a right to receive a specified number of shares of the Company’s common stock upon vesting. The Company values its RSUs at the fair value of its common stock on the grant date, which is the closing price of its common stock on the grant date, less the present value of expected dividends during the vesting period, as the recipient is not entitled to dividends during the requisite service period. Upon vesting of the RSUs, the Company withholds shares of common stock in an amount sufficient to cover the minimum statutory tax withholding obligations and issues shares of its common stock for the remaining amount.

Employees may elect to receive 50% of their target incentive compensation under the Company’s Corporate Incentive Compensation Plan (the “CICP”) in the form of RSUs instead of cash. If elected by an employee, the equity amount is equal in value on the date of grant to 50% of his or her target incentive opportunity, based on the employee’s base salary. The number of RSUs granted is determined by dividing 50% of the employee’s target incentive opportunity by 85% of the closing price of its common stock on the grant date, less the present value of expected dividends during the vesting period. If elected, the award vests 100% on the CICP payout date of the following year for all participants. Vesting is conditioned upon the performance conditions of the CICP and on continued employment; if threshold funding does not occur, the RSU will not vest. The Company considers vesting to be probable on the grant date and recognizes the associated stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period beginning on the grant date and ending on the vesting date.

The Company grants awards that allow for the settlement of vested stock options RSUs on a net share basis (“net settled awards”). With net settled awards, the employee does not surrender any cash or shares upon exercise. Rather, the Company withholds the number of shares to cover the option exercise price (in the case of stock options) and the minimum statutory tax withholding obligations (in the case of stock options and RSUs) from the shares that would otherwise be issued upon exercise or settlement. The exercise of stock options and settlement of RSUs on a net share basis results in fewer shares issued by the Company.

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Share-Based Compensation Plans:

2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended and restated)

In 2004, the Company adopted the 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the “2004 Plan”) to provide employees, non-employee Directors, and consultants with opportunities to purchase stock through incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options. Subsequent amendments to the plan in 2016 and 2011 increased the number of shares authorized for issuance under the plan to 30 million, extended the term of the plan to 2026, and limited annual compensation to any non-employee Director to $0.5 million.

As of December 31, 2017, approximately 10 million shares were subject to outstanding options and stock-based awards under the 2004 Plan.

2006 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In 2006, the Company adopted the 2006 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2006 ESPP”) pursuant to which the Company’s employees are entitled to purchase up to an aggregate of 1 million shares, of common stock at a price equal to at least 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on either the commencement date or completion date for offerings under the plan, whichever is less, or such higher price as the Company’s Board of Directors may establish from time to time. Until the Company’s Board of Directors determines otherwise, the Board has set the purchase price at 95% of the fair market value on the completion date of the offering period. As a result, the 2006 ESPP is non-compensatory and is tax qualified. Therefore, as of December 31, 2017, no compensation expense related to shares issued under the plan had been recognized. In October 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors amended the term of the 2006 ESPP such that it will continue until there are no shares remaining to be issued under the plan or until the plan is terminated by the Board of Directors, whichever occurs first.

As of December 31, 2017, approximately 0.4 million shares had been issued thereunder.

Shares Available for Issuance

As of December 31, 2017, there were approximately 9.2 million shares available for issuance for future equity grants under the Company’s stock plans, consisting of approximately 8.6 million shares under the 2004 Plan and approximately 0.6 million shares under the 2006 ESPP.

Equity grants, assumptions and activity

During 2017, the Company issued approximately 1.6 million shares to its employees and directors under the Company’s share-based compensation plans.

Stock Options

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. Key inputs used to estimate the fair value of stock options include the exercise price of the award, expected term of the option, expected volatility of the Company’s common stock over the option’s expected term, risk-free interest rate over the option’s expected term, and the Company’s expected annual dividend yield. The amount of stock-based compensation recognized during a period is based on the value of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Ultimately, the Company recognizes the actual expense over the vesting period only for the shares that vest.

The weighted-average grant-date fair value for stock options granted in 2017, 2016, and 2015, was $13.79, $8.31 and $7.62 per share, respectively.

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The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option valuation model are as follows:

	2017			2016			2015
Expected annual volatility (1)		35	%		40	%		45	%
Expected term in years (2)		4.5			4.4			4.5
Risk-free interest rate (3)		1.85	%		1.21	%		1.34	%
Expected annual dividend yield (4)		0.53	%		0.63	%		0.68	%

• The expected annual volatility for each grant is determined based on the average of historical daily price changes of the Company’s common stock over a period of time which approximates the expected option term.

• The expected option term for each grant is determined based on the historical exercise behavior of employees and post-vesting employment termination behavior.

• The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity that is commensurate with the expected option term at the time of grant.

• The expected annual dividend yield is based on the weighted-average of the dividend yield assumptions used for options granted during the applicable period.

The following table summarizes the combined stock option activity under the Company’s stock option plans for 2017:

	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted-average exercise price		Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years)		Aggregate intrinsic value (in thousands)
Options outstanding as of January 1, 2017		7,463		$	19.45
Granted		1,639			45.78
Exercised		(1,741	)		16.25
Forfeited		(231	)		25.30
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2017		7,130		$	26.10
Vested and expected to vest as December 31, 2017		5,926		$	25.20		7.2	$	131,599
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017		2,800		$	16.98		5.8	$	84,479

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised (i.e., the difference between the market price at exercise and the price paid by the employee at exercise) in 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $62.6 million, $19.9 million and $18.6 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2017 is based on the difference between the closing price of the Company’s stock of $47.15 and the exercise price of the applicable stock options.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the unvested portion of stock options of approximately $16.8 million that is expected to be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.2 years.

RSUs

The weighted-average grant-date fair value for RSUs granted in 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $46.07, $25.54, and $20.49, respectively.

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The following table summarizes the combined RSU activity for periodic grants and the CICP under the 2004 Plan for 2017:

	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Nonvested as of January 1, 2017		3,161		$	23.39
Granted		1,148			46.07
Vested		(1,188	)		23.66
Forfeited		(220	)		27.06
Nonvested as of December 31, 2017		2,901		$	31.97	$	136,771
Expected to vest as of December 31, 2017		2,113		$	32.74	$	99,628

The fair value of RSUs vested in 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $59.0 million, $29.2 million, and $14.9 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of RSUs outstanding and expected to vest as of December 31, 2017 is based on the closing price of the Company’s stock of $47.15 on December 31, 2017.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had approximately $32.4 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to all unvested RSUs that is expected to be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.1 years.

15. INCOME TAXES

Effective income tax rate

The components of income before provision for income taxes are as follows:

(in thousands)	2017		2016			2015
Domestic	$	18,605	$	37,329		$	63,124
Foreign		18,495		(2,127	)		(2,619	)
Income before provision for income taxes	$	37,100	$	35,202		$	60,505

The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:

(in thousands)	2017			2016			2015
Current:
Federal	$	(18,205	)	$	6,741		$	17,864
State		97			2,963			4,565
Foreign		8,479			4,322			3,853
Total current (benefits)/provision		(9,629	)		14,026			26,282
Deferred:
Federal		19,683			(1,120	)		2,075
State		(2,158	)		(480	)		(466	)
Foreign		(3,730	)		(4,210	)		(3,708	)
Total deferred provision/(benefit)		13,795			(5,810	)		(2,099	)
Provision for income taxes	$	4,166		$	8,216		$	24,183

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The effective income tax rate differed from the statutory federal income tax rate due to the following:

	2017			2016			2015
Statutory federal income tax rate		35.0	%		35.0	%		35.0	%
Valuation allowance		1.2			0.3			0.7
Transaction costs		—			1.1			—
State income taxes, net of federal benefit and tax credits		(4.5	)		3.7			4.6
Permanent differences		2.7			2.2			1.1
Domestic production activities		—			(3.2	)		(3.1	)
Federal research and experimentation credits		(9.1	)		(2.3	)		(1.2	)
Tax effects of foreign activities		(1.1	)		5.2			2.0
Tax-exempt income		(0.3	)		(0.3	)		(0.1	)
Provision to return adjustments		(5.2	)		0.3			0.3
Non-deductible compensation		5.0			6.2			3.3
Provision for uncertain tax positions		0.7			(2.3	)		(2.6	)
Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation		(66.0	)		(20.1	)		—
Net deferred tax assets re-measurement (1)		51.8			—			—
Other		1.0			(2.5	)		—
Effective income tax rate		11.2	%		23.3	%		40.0	%

⁽¹⁾  Due to the impact of the Tax Reform Act.

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform Act”). The Tax Reform Act makes significant changes in the U.S. tax code including the following:

• reduction of the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% to 21%;

• repeal of the domestic manufacturing deduction;

• repeal of the corporate alternative minimum tax;

• a one-time transition tax on accumulated foreign earnings (if any);

• a move to a territorial tax system; and

• acceleration of business asset expensing.

In December 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for income tax effects of the Tax Reform Act. The Company has recognized the provisional tax impacts in 2017, including $20.4 million in additional income tax expense in the fourth quarter of 2017 to re-measure its deferred tax assets to the 21% enacted rate. The final amounts may differ from these provisional amounts, possibly materially, due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions the Company has made, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and actions the Company may take as a result of the Tax Reform Act.

The Tax Reform Act provided for a one-time deemed mandatory repatriation of post-1986 undistributed foreign subsidiary earnings and profits through December 31, 2017. Based on the Company’s provisional analysis performed to date, the Company does not expect to be subject to the one-time transition tax due to our foreign subsidiaries being in a net accumulated deficit position.

While the Tax Reform Act provides for a territorial tax system, beginning in 2018, it includes the following new anti-abuse provisions:

• The global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provisions require the Company to include in its U.S. income tax base foreign subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return on the foreign

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subsidiary’s tangible assets. The Company expects that it will be subject to incremental U.S. tax resulting from GILTI inclusions beginning in 2018. However, our analysis and accounting for the effects of the GILTI provision is incomplete and an accounting policy on whether we will account for impact of GILTI inclusions in the period in which it is incurred or record deferred taxes for anticipated GILTI inclusions has not been made.

• The base-erosion and anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”) provisions in the Tax Reform Act impose an alternative minimum tax on taxpayers with substantial base-erosion payments. Our preliminary assessment is that the company will not be subject to the BEAT; however, our analysis is incomplete and we will continue to analyze the impact of the BEAT provisions to determine if these would be material to the company’s effective tax rate.

Deferred income taxes

Significant components of net deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2017			2016
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	52,311		$	69,307
Accruals and reserves		22,984			34,021
Software revenue		2,686			6,559
Depreciation		2,558			3,593
Tax credit carryforwards		13,056			8,094
Other		52			19
Total deferred tax assets		93,647			121,593
Less valuation allowances		(27,993	)		(34,054	)
Total net deferred tax assets		65,654			87,539
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangibles		(8,527	)		(17,641	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(8,527	)		(17,641	)
Deferred income taxes	$	57,127		$	69,898

Due to the Tax Reform Act U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities were re-measured from 35% to 21% resulting in an additional $20.4 million income tax expense in the fourth quarter of 2017.

The Company regularly assesses the need for a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. In making that assessment, the Company considers both positive and negative evidence related to the likelihood of realization of the deferred tax assets to determine, based on the weight of available evidence, whether it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. This determination requires significant judgment, including assumptions about future taxable income that are based on historical and projected information. The $6.1 million net change in the valuation allowance during the period primarily relates to a $7.4 million decrease due to the re-measurement our deferred income taxes to the new U.S. statutory tax rate offset by $0.8 million increase for movements in foreign exchange rates and $0.5 million valuation allowance recorded against certain state R&D credits generated in the period.

At December 31, 2017, the Company had $99.2 million and $3.3 million in federal and state net operating losses, respectively, and $3.4 million and $1.8 million in federal and state credit carryforwards, respectively. These amounts include $99.2 million and $1 million in federal and state net operating losses carryforwards, respectively, from acquisitions and $0.6 million and $0.3 million in federal and state credit carryforwards,

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respectively, from acquisitions. The carryforward losses and credits expire between 2018 and 2037, except for $0.6 million in state credits that have unlimited carryforward periods. The federal and state net operating losses exclude $60.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively, in net operating losses that the Company expects will expire unutilized, and the federal and state tax credits exclude $0.1 million and $6.7 million, respectively, in tax credits that the Company expects will expire unutilized.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had available $33.5 million of foreign NOLS which have an unlimited carryover period.

The Company’s India subsidiary is a development center in an area designated as a Special Economic Zone (“SEZ”) and is entitled to a tax holiday in India. The tax holiday reduces or eliminates income tax in that country and is scheduled to expire in 2022. For 2017, 2016 and 2015, the effect of the income tax holiday was to reduce the Company’s provision for income taxes by approximately $1.3 million, $1 million, and $0.9 million, respectively. The benefit of the tax holiday on net income per share (diluted) was $0.02 for 2017 and $0.01 for 2016 and 2015.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 in 2016, which required, among other things, excess tax benefits to be recorded as a reduction of the provision for income taxes, whereas they were previously recognized in equity. The Company was required to reflect any adoption adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that included the period of adoption. Upon adoption the Company recorded a $0.3 million increase to retained earnings as of January 1, 2016, with an offsetting increase to long-term deferred income tax assets.

Uncertain tax benefits and other considerations

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

(in thousands)	2017			2016			2015
Balance as of January 1,	$	22,671		$	23,972		$	43,396
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		452			80			817
Additions for tax positions of prior years		238			110			183
Additions for acquired uncertain tax benefits		—			387			—
Reductions for change in US federal tax rate		(2,424	)		—			—
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		(1,500	)		(1,541	)		(19,855	)
Reductions for a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations		(287	)		(337	)		(569	)
Balance as of December 31,	$	19,150		$	22,671		$	23,972

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had approximately $19.2 million of total unrecognized tax benefits, which would decrease the Company’s effective tax rate if recognized. The $2.4 million reduction for change in U.S. federal tax rate relates to a decrease in the uncertain tax benefits recorded against deferred tax items (e.g., net operating losses) corresponding with the re-measurement of the associated deferred tax assets to the new U.S. statutory tax rate. The $1.5 million reduction for tax positions of prior years primarily relates the lapse in the applicable statute of limitations, change in estimates, and the impact of foreign currency exchange rates. The Company expects that the changes in the unrecognized benefits within the next twelve months will be approximately $0.5 million due to a lapse of applicable statute of limitations.

The Company recognizes interest accrued and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the income tax provision. For 2017 the Company did not recognize any significant change in net interest expense. For the 2016 and 2015, the Company recognized a decrease of approximately $0.6 million and an increase of $0.3 million, respectively, of interest expense. As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the company did not recognize any significant penalties. As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company had accrued approximately $1.5 million, $1.2 million, and $1.2 million, respectively, for interest and penalties.

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The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions. We have no tax returns under examination by the Internal Revenue Service or state taxing authorities as of December 31, 2017. However, certain foreign jurisdictions are auditing our income tax returns for periods ranging from 2010 through 2014. The Company does not expect the results of these audits to have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. With few exceptions, the statute of limitations remains open in all jurisdictions for the tax years 2014 to the present.

16. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period, plus the dilutive effect of outstanding options and RSUs, using the treasury stock method and the average market price of the Company’s common stock during the applicable period. Certain shares related to some of the Company’s outstanding stock options and RSUs were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were antidilutive in the periods presented, but could be dilutive in the future.

(in thousands except per share amounts)	2017		2016		2015
Basic
Net income	$	32,934	$	26,986	$	36,322
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		77,431		76,343		76,507
Earnings per share, basic	$	0.43	$	0.35	$	0.47
Diluted
Net income	$	32,934	$	26,986	$	36,322
Weighted-average effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options		3,471		2,025		1,601
RSUs		1,930		1,364		935
Effect of assumed exercise of stock options and RSUs		5,401		3,389		2,536
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution		82,832		79,732		79,043
Earnings per share, diluted	$	0.40	$	0.34	$	0.46
Outstanding options and RSUs excluded as impact would be antidilutive		221		322		182

17. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CLIENTS

Geographic Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The Company develops and licenses its strategic software applications and Pega Platform, and provides consulting services, maintenance, and training related to its offerings. The Company derives substantially all of its revenue from the sale and support of one group of similar products and services—software that provides case management, business process management, and real-time decisioning solutions to improve customer engagement and operational excellence in the enterprise applications market. To assess performance, the Company’s CODM, who is the chief executive officer, reviews financial information on a consolidated basis. Therefore, the Company determined it has one reportable segment and one reporting unit.

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The Company’s international revenue is from clients based outside of the U.S. The Company derived its revenue from the following geographic areas:

(Dollars in thousands)	2017				2016				2015
U.S.	$	474,819	56	%	$	430,562	57	%	$	379,936	56	%
Other Americas		39,490	5	%		59,160	8	%		57,892	8	%
U.K.		90,817	11	%		101,733	14	%		96,314	14	%
Other EMEA (1)		130,889	16	%		92,540	12	%		87,240	13	%
Asia Pacific		104,567	12	%		66,271	9	%		61,313	9	%
	$	840,582	100	%	$	750,266	100	%	$	682,695	100	%

⁽¹⁾  Includes the Middle East, Africa, and Europe excluding the U.K.

Long-lived assets related to the Company’s U.S. and international operations were as follows:

	December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2017				2016
U.S.	$	27,590	68	%	$	27,993	73	%
India		6,703	17	%		7,158	19	%
International, other		6,066	15	%		3,130	8	%
	$	40,359	100	%	$	38,281	100	%

Major Clients

Clients accounting for 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	2017			2016		2015
Total revenue	$	840,582		$	750,266	$	682,695
Client A		10	%		*		*

Clients accounting for 10% or more of the Company’s trade accounts receivable were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	December 31,
	2017			2016
Trade accounts receivable	$	248,331		$	265,028
Client A		12	%		*

* Client accounted for less than 10% of total revenue and trade accounts receivable

The Company’s financial services, healthcare, and insurance clients as a group represent a significant amount of the Company’s revenues and receivables. However, the Company determined this concentration did not have a material impact on its allowance for sales credit memos as of December 31, 2017

In addition to accounts receivable, the Company is potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk from the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are generally held with large, diverse financial institutions worldwide to reduce the credit risk exposure. Investment policies have been implemented that limit purchases of marketable debt securities to investment-grade securities. Note 3 “Marketable Securities” and Note 5 “Fair Value Measurements” for further discussion.

18. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The Company sponsors defined contribution plans for quantifying employees, including a 401(k) plan in the United States to which the Company makes discretionary matching contributions.

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The following expenses related to defined contribution plans were recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations:

(in thousands)	2017		2016		2015
U.S. 401(k) Plan	$	5,003	$	4,510	$	4,061
International Plans		9,096		7,635		6,428
	$	14,099	$	12,145	$	10,489

19. SELECTED QUARTERLY INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)

	2017
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	1st Quarter		2nd Quarter		3rd Quarter			4th Quarter
Revenue	$	223,247	$	197,980	$	179,815		$	239,540
Gross profit		155,157		130,105		110,084			165,563
Income/(loss) from operations		31,238		1,750		(14,289	)		19,961
Income/(loss) before provision for income taxes		31,800		1,560		(14,697	)		18,437
Net income/(loss)		27,021		11,406		(1,812	)		(3,681	)
Net income/(loss) per share, basic	$	0.35	$	0.15	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.04	)
Net income/(loss) per share, diluted	$	0.33	$	0.14	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.04	)

	2016 (1)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	1st Quarter		2nd Quarter		3rd Quarter		4th Quarter
Revenue	$	178,858	$	188,996	$	182,802	$	199,610
Gross profit		122,348		128,896		122,365		137,401
Income from operations		14,125		6,360		5,498		11,776
Income before provision for income taxes		13,493		5,498		5,515		10,696
Net income		10,400		4,536		3,301		8,749
Net income per share, basic	$	0.14	$	0.06	$	0.04	$	0.11
Net income per share, diluted	$	0.13	$	0.06	$	0.04	$	0.11

⁽¹⁾  The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2016-09 in the fourth quarter of 2016, which requires, among other things, excess tax benefits to be recorded as a reduction of the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations, whereas they were previously recognized in equity. The Company is required to reflect any adoption adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the period of adoption. As such, certain information above includes the impact of the ASU 2016-09 adoption.

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ITEM 9. Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, and Chief Financial Officer, or CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2017. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and our management necessarily applied its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2017.

Management’s Report on and Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017 based on the framework in the updated Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) on May 14, 2013. Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that (i) our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2017 and (ii) no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act) occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2017 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Deloitte & Touche LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm which also audited our consolidated financial statements, has issued an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting, which is included in Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”

ITEM 9B. Other Information

None.

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PART III

ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance

Except as set forth below, the information required by this Item is contained in our proxy statement for our 2018 annual stockholders meeting (the 2018 proxy statement”) under the heading “Election of Directors,” and is incorporated herein by reference. Information relating to certain filings on Forms 3, 4, and 5 is contained in our 2018 proxy statement under the heading “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance,” and is incorporated herein by reference. Information required by this item pursuant to Items 407(c) (3), 407(d) (4), and 407(d) (5) of Regulation S-K relating to an audit committee financial expert, the identification of the audit committee of our Board of Directors and procedures of security holders to recommend nominees to our Board of Directors is contained in the 2018 proxy statement under the heading “Corporate Governance” and is incorporated herein by reference.

We have adopted a written code of conduct that applies to our Board of Directors and all of our employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, or persons performing similar functions. A copy of our code of conduct can be found on our website, www.pega.com. We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements under Item 5.05 of Form 8-K and under the applicable the NASDAQ Global Select Market rules by posting such information on our website in accordance with such requirements.

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

The names of our executive officers and certain information about them are set forth below as of February 1, 2018:

Alan Trefler, age 61, a founder of Pegasystems, has served as Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors since the Company was organized in 1983. Prior to 1983, he managed an electronic funds transfer product for TMI Systems Corporation, a software and services company. Mr. Trefler holds a B.A. degree in economics and computer science from Dartmouth College.

Kenneth Stillwell, age 47, joined Pegasystems in July 2016 as SVP, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer. Mr. Stillwell served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Dynatrace, a digital performance management solutions provider. Mr. Stillwell served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of SOVOS, a financial compliance software as a service company. Prior to SOVOS, Mr. Stillwell spent time at PTC, a publicly traded software provider, where he served as the divisional CFO of two major segments. Mr. Stillwell holds a B.S. in business/economics from the University of Pittsburgh and a M.S. in accounting and finance from the University of South Carolina, and he is a certified public accountant.

Efstathios Kouninis, age 56, joined Pegasystems in April 2008 as Vice President of Finance. The Board of Directors appointed Mr. Kouninis as the Company’s Chief Accounting Officer in May 2008 and Treasurer in January 2014. From February 2006 to April 2008, Mr. Kouninis served as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Tasker Products Corporation, a publicly traded manufacturer of antimicrobial chemicals. From November 2004 to February 2006, Mr. Kouninis served on the Staff of the Division of Corporation Finance of the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Mr. Kouninis holds a B.S. from the University of Massachusetts, a Post Baccalaureate in accounting, and a M.S. in taxation from Bentley College.

Douglas Kra, age 55, joined Pegasystems in November 2004 as Vice President of Global Services. In January 2010, Mr. Kra was promoted to Senior Vice President of Global Services. In July 2014, the Company re-organized its sales and consulting services functions under one responsibility for specific geographic regions, and Mr. Kra was promoted to Senior Vice President of Global Customer Success for international regions. From 2002 to 2004, Mr. Kra served as Vice President at eLoyalty Corp., a consulting company specializing in customer relationship management. From 2000 to 2001, Mr. Kra served as President of Zefer Corp., an internet consulting firm. Prior to Zefer, Mr. Kra spent ten years at Cambridge Technology Partners Inc. in a variety of senior roles. Mr. Kra holds a B.A. in computer science from Brandeis University and an M.B.A. in finance from the New York University Stern School of Business.

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Michael Pyle, age 63, joined Pegasystems in 1985 and has served as Senior Vice President of Engineering since August 2000. Including his positions with Pegasystems, Mr. Pyle’s professional background encompasses more than forty years of software development and managerial experience throughout Europe and the U.S. Mr. Pyle completed his B.C.S. specializing in computer science and systems programming at the Civil Service College in London.

Leon Trefler, age 57, joined Pegasystems in April 1998 as an Account Executive for Strategic Business Development. Since then he has held various senior sales management positions across the Company and in Channel Sales. In 2002, he launched the commercialization of PegaRULES Process Commander, the predecessor to the Pega Platform. From April 2007 to January 2010, Mr. Trefler served as Vice President of Sales, North America and in January 2010, Mr. Trefler was promoted to Senior Vice President of Sales. In July 2014, the Company re-organized its sales and consulting services functions under one responsibility for specific geographic regions, and Mr. Trefler was promoted to Senior Vice President of Global Customer Success for the Americas region. Mr. Trefler holds a B.A. degree from Dartmouth College.

Alan Trefler and Leon Trefler are brothers. There are no other family relationships among any of our executive officers or Directors.

ITEM 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this item is contained in the 2018 proxy statement under the headings “Director Compensation”, “Compensation Discussion and Analysis”, and “Executive Compensation” and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Information required by this item with respect to stock ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is contained in the 2018 proxy statement under the heading “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

The following table provides certain information with respect to our equity compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2017:

(In thousands, except per share amounts)	Number of shares of common stock to be issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options and vesting of RSUs (3)		Weighted-average exercise price per share of outstanding stock options (4)		Number of shares of common stock remaining available for future issuance (excluding those in column (a)) (5)
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders(1)		10,010	$	26.14		9,234
Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders(2)		21	$	11.99		—

⁽¹⁾ We currently maintain two equity compensation plans: the 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the “2004 Plan”) and the 2006 Employee Stock Purchase Plan as amended, (the “2006 ESPP”). In addition to the issuance of stock options, the 2004 Plan allows for the issuance of stock purchase rights and other stock-based awards, including RSUs. Since 2006, the Company has granted unrestricted shares of its common stock to its non-employee directors under the 2004 Plan. Our stockholders previously approved each of these plans and all amendments that were subject to stockholder approval. See Note 14 “Stock-Based Compensation” in Item 8 of this Annual Report for further information and description of our equity compensation plans.

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⁽²⁾  These stock options were assumed in connection with our acquisition of Chordiant in 2010 and were originally granted under the Chordiant Software, Inc. 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2005 Plan”). No additional awards were or may be granted under the 2005 Plan following the date of acquisition. This plan was not approved by our stockholders since it was adopted on the date of acquisition. In connection with our acquisition of Chordiant, all outstanding equity awards issued under the 2005 Plan with an exercise price of $3.00, on a post-split basis, or lower were assumed by us and converted into the right to receive 0.13 shares of Pegasystems common stock for every one share of Chordiant common stock covered by such awards. All other outstanding equity awards issued under the 2005 Plan were cancelled. The 2005 Plan was approved by Chordiant’s stockholders and provided for the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, stock purchase awards, RSAs, RSUs, and other forms of equity compensation. Awards granted under the 2005 Plan generally expire four to ten years after the grant date and generally become exercisable over a period of two to four years, with either yearly or monthly vesting.

⁽³⁾ The number of shares of common stock issued upon exercise of vested stock options and vesting of RSUs will be less than 10 million because of the “net settlement” feature of most of these stock options and RSUs. This feature enables the Company to withhold shares to cover the cost to exercise (in the case of stock options) and, if applicable, taxes due (in the case of stock options and RSUs) based on the fair value of the shares at the exercise date (in the case of stock options) or vesting date (in the case of RSUs), instead of selling all of the shares on the open market to satisfy these obligations. The settlement of exercised stock options and vested RSUs on a net share basis will result in fewer shares issued by the Company. During 2017, stock option and RSU holders net settled stock options and RSUs representing the right to purchase a total of 2.9 million shares, of which only 1.5 million were issued to the stock option and RSU holders and the balance of the shares were surrendered to the Company to pay for the exercise price and the applicable taxes.

⁽⁴⁾  The weighted-average exercise price does not take into account the shares issuable upon vesting of outstanding RSUs, which have no exercise price.

⁽⁵⁾ Includes approximately 0.6 million shares remaining available for issuance as of December 31, 2017 under the 2006 ESPP.

ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this item is contained in the 2018 proxy statement under the headings “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Determination of Independence” and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by this item is contained in the 2018 proxy statement under the heading “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees and Services” and is incorporated herein by reference.

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PART IV

ITEM 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a) The following are filed as part of this Annual Report:

(1) Financial Statements

The following consolidated financial statements are included in Item 8:

	Page
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		42
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016		44
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December  31, 2017, 2016, and 2015		45
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015		46
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015		47
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December  31, 2017, 2016, and 2015		48

(b) Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Description
2.1	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October  9, 2013, by and among Pegasystems Inc., Aries Merger Sub, Inc., Antenna Software, Inc. and Shareholder Representative Services LLC, solely in its capacity as representative of Stockholders thereunder. (Filed as Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant’s October 11, 2013 Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.)
3.1	Restated Articles of Organization of the Registrant and Amendments thereto. (Filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s September  30, 2014 Form 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference.)
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Pegasystems Inc. (Filed as Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s September 8, 2017 Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.)
4.1	Specimen Certificate Representing the Common Stock. (Filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-03807) or an amendment thereto and incorporated herein by reference.)
+10.1++	2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended and restated)
10.2++	Restricted Stock Unit Sub-Plan of the Registrant’s 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan for French Participants (Filed as Appendix B within the Registrant’s 2016 Proxy Statement, filed April 18, 2016 and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.3++	Form of Employee Stock Option Agreement, as amended. (Filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s March 31, 2017 Form 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.4++	Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, as amended. (Filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s March 31, 2017 Form 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.5++	Form of Non-Employee Director Stock Option Agreement. (Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s September 30, 2004 Form 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.6++	Offer Letter between the Registrant and Douglas I. Kra dated October 19, 2004. (Filed as Exhibit  10.20 to the Registrant’s 2004 Form 10-K and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.7	Form of Director Indemnification Agreement. (Filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s April 11, 2005 Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.9	Lease Agreement, dated June  29, 2011 between Charles Park One, LLC and Pegasystems Inc. for premises at One Charles Park (Filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K/A filed on July  6, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.)

77

Exhibit No.	Description
10.10++	2006 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended on October 25, 2013. (Filed as Exhibit 10.24 to the Registrant’s 2012 Form 10-K and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.11++	2016 Section 16 Officer/FLT Member Corporate Incentive Compensation Plan. (Filed as Exhibit  99.1 to the Registrant’s February 24, 2016 Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.12++	2016 Section 16 Executive Officers Base Salaries and Target Bonus Payments. (Filed as Exhibit  99.1 to the Registrant’s March 15, 2016 Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.13++	Compensation program for non-employee members of the Registrant’s Board of Directors. (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s June 30, 2014 Form 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.14++	2017 Section 16 Officer/FLT Member Corporate Incentive Compensation Plan. (Filed as Exhibit  99.1 to the Registrant’s March 8, 2017 Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.15++	2015 Section 16 Executive Officers Base Salaries and Target Bonus Payments. (Filed as Exhibit  99.2 to the Registrant’s February 3, 2015 Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.16++	Compensation program for non-employee members of the Registrant’s Board of Directors, effective August 6, 2015. (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s September 30, 2015 Form 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.17	First Amendment to Lease Agreement dated November  11, 2014 between Charles Park One, LLC and Pegasystems Inc. (Filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s September 30, 2015 Form 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.18++	Offer Letter between the Registrant and Kenneth Stillwell dated June 1, 2016. (Filed as Exhibit  99.1 to the Registrant’s June 14, 2016 Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.19++	Compensation program for non-employee members of the Registrant’s Board of Directors, effective May 18, 2016. (Filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s June 30, 2016 Form 10-Q and incorporated herein by reference.)
10.20++	2018 Section 16 Officer/FLT Member Corporate Incentive Compensation Plan. (Filed as Exhibit  99.1 to the Registrant’s December 27, 2017 Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.)
+21.1	Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
+23.1	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm—Deloitte & Touche LLP.
+31.1	Certification pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 of the Chief Executive Officer.
+31.2	Certification pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14 of the Chief Financial Officer.
+32	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer.
101.INS**	XBRL Instance document.
101.SCH**	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL**	XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF**	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB**	XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE**	XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.

+ Filed herewith

++ Management contracts and compensatory plan or arrangements required to be filed pursuant to Item 15(b) of Form 10-K.

** Submitted electronically herewith

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(c) Financial Statement Schedules

All financial statement schedules are omitted because the required information is not present or not present in sufficient amounts to require submission of the schedule or because the information is reflected in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

ITEM 16. Form 10-K Summary

Omitted at registrant’s option

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Annual Report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	Pegasystems Inc.
Date: February 26, 2018	By:	/s/    KENNETH STILLWELL
		Kenneth Stillwell
		Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been signed below on February 26, 2018 by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated.

Signature	Title
/S/    ALAN TREFLER	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Alan Trefler
/S/    KENNETH STILLWELL	Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer (Principal Financial Officer)
Kenneth Stillwell
/S/    EFSTATHIOS KOUNINIS	Vice President of Finance, Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer (Principal Accounting Officer)
Efstathios Kouninis
/S/    RICHARD JONES	Director
Richard Jones
/S/    PETER GYENES	Director
Peter Gyenes
/S/    STEVEN KAPLAN	Director
Steven Kaplan
/S/    DIANNE LEDINGHAM	Director
Dianne Ledingham
/S/    JAMES O’HALLORAN	Director
James O’Halloran
/S/    SHARON ROWLANDS	Director
Sharon Rowlands
/S/    LARRY WEBER	Director
Larry Weber
/S/    WILLIAM WYMAN	Director
William Wyman

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EX-10.1

Exhibit 10.1

PEGASYSTEMS INC.

2004 LONG-TERM INCENTIVE PLAN

(Approved by the stockholders on June 10, 2016; amended and adopted by the Board on May 23, 2017)

1. Purposes of the Plan. The purposes of this 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended and restated, are to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility, to provide additional incentive to Employees, Directors and Consultants, and to promote the success of the Company’s business. Options, Stock Purchase Rights, Restricted Stock Units, and other stock-based awards may be granted under the Plan.

2. Definitions. As used herein, the following definitions shall apply:

(a) “Applicable Laws” means the requirements relating to the administration of equity incentive plans under U.S. state corporate laws, U.S. federal and state securities laws, the Code, any stock exchange or quotation system on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted and the applicable laws of any other country or jurisdiction where Awards are granted under the Plan.

(b) “Award” means any Option, Stock Purchase Right, Restricted Stock Unit, or other stock-based award granted pursuant to the Plan.

(c) “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company, as constituted from time to time.

(d) “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any successor statute or statutes thereto. Reference to any particular Code section shall include any successor section.

(e) “Committee” means a committee of Directors appointed by the Board in accordance with Section 5(a) hereof.

(f) “Common Stock” means the Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company.

(g) “Company” means Pegasystems Inc., a Massachusetts corporation.

(h) “Consultant” means any consultant or adviser if: (i) the consultant or adviser renders bona fide services to a Related Company; (ii) the services rendered by the consultant or adviser are not in connection with the offer or sale of securities in a capital-raising transaction and do not directly or indirectly promote or maintain a market for a Related Company’s securities; and the consultant or adviser is a natural person who has contracted directly with a Related Company to render such services.

(i) “Director” means a member of the Board.

(j) “Disability” means permanent and total disability as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Code.

(k) “Employee” means any person, including Officers and Directors, employed by a Related Company who is subject to the control and direction of the employer entity as to both the work to be performed and the manner and method of performance. An Employee shall not cease to be an Employee in the case of (i) any leave of absence approved by a Related Company or (ii) transfers between locations of a Related Company or between the Related Companies, or any successor. For purposes of Incentive Stock Options, no such leave may exceed three (3) months, unless reemployment upon expiration of such leave is guaranteed by statute or contract. If reemployment upon expiration of leave of absence approved by the Related Company is not so guaranteed, any Incentive Stock Option held by the Participant shall cease to be treated as an Incentive Stock Option on the first day immediately following the date that is six (6) months after such leave commenced and shall be treated for tax purposes as a Nonstatutory Stock Option. Neither service as a Director nor payment of a director’s fee by the Company shall be sufficient to constitute “employment” by the Company.

(l) “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor statute or statutes thereto. Reference to any particular Exchange Act section shall include any successor section.

(m) “Exercise Price” or “Purchase Price” means the per Share price to be paid by a Participant or Purchaser to exercise an Option or Stock Purchase Right.

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(n) “Fair Market Value” means, as of any date, the value of a share of Common Stock determined as follows:

i. If the Common Stock is listed on any established stock exchange or a national market system, including without limitation the Nasdaq Global Market or the Nasdaq Capital Market of the Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”), (a) for purposes of determining the exercise price of an Option on the date of grant, Fair Market Value shall be the closing price (excluding “after hours” trading) for a share of such stock on that day (or, if the Common Stock is not traded on that day, on the last trading day preceding such date), and (b) for all other purposes, Fair Market Value shall be the closing price (excluding “after hours” trading) for a share of such stock on the last trading day preceding such date, in each case as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Committee deems reliable;

ii. If the Common Stock is regularly quoted by a recognized securities dealer but selling prices are not reported, (a) for purposes of determining the exercise price of an Option on the date of grant, Fair Market Value shall be the mean between the highest bid and lowest asked prices (excluding “after hours” trading) for a share of the Common Stock on that day (or, if there are no quotes for that day, on the last day preceding such date for which quotes were available), and (b) for all other purposes, Fair Market Value shall be the mean between the highest bid and lowest asked prices (excluding “after hours” trading) for a share of the Common Stock on the last day preceding such date; or

iii. In the absence of an established market for the Common Stock, the Fair Market Value thereof shall be determined in good faith by the Committee.

(o) “Incentive Stock Option” means an Option intended to qualify as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code and which is designated as an Incentive Stock Option by the Committee.

(p) “Nonstatutory Stock Option” means an Option (or portion thereof) that is not designated as an Incentive Stock Option by the Committee, or which is designated as an Incentive Stock Option by the Committee but fails to qualify as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code.

(q) “Officer” means a person who is an officer of the Company within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

(r) “Option” means a stock option granted pursuant to the Plan.

(s) “Option Exchange Program” means a program whereby outstanding Options are exchanged for Options with a lower Exercise Price.

(t) “Optioned Stock” means the Common Stock subject to an Option or a Stock Purchase Right.

(u) “Parent” means a “parent corporation,” whether now or hereafter existing, as a defined in Section 424(e) of the Code.

(v) “Participant” means the holder of an outstanding Award.

(w) “Plan” means this 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time.

(x) “Purchased Shares” means the shares of Common Stock purchased by a Participant pursuant to his or her exercise of an Award.

(y) “Purchaser” means a Participant exercising an Option or Stock Purchase Right.

(z) “Related Company” means and includes the Company and the Parent and any Subsidiaries of the Company.

(aa) “Restricted Shares” means unvested shares of Common Stock acquired pursuant to the exercise of an Award which are subject to a Right of Repurchase.

(bb) “Restricted Stock Units” means the right to acquire Shares in the future, with the future delivery of the Shares subject to a risk of forfeiture or other restrictions that will lapse upon the satisfaction of one or more specified conditions.

(cc) “Restricted Stock Units Agreement” means a written agreement between the Company and a Participant evidencing the terms and conditions of a grant of Restricted Stock Units. A Restricted Stock Units Agreement is subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan.

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(dd) “Retirement” means retirement of an Employee or Director from active employment or service with any Related Company after having attained age 60, with no intention to continue to provide services, whether as an employee, director, independent contractor or otherwise, to any other person or entity and with the intention of concluding the Employee or Director’s working or professional career.

(ee) “Right of Repurchase” means the right of the Company to repurchase Restricted Shares issued pursuant to any Award.

(ff) “Sale of the Company” means (i) a sale of substantially all of the assets of the Company, or (ii) a sale or transfer of voting securities of the Company to an individual, entity or group (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) or 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act), in one transaction or a series of related transactions, or (iii) a consolidation or merger of the Company, in each case, as a result of which the beneficial holders of a majority of the voting power of the Company’s voting securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (“Voting Power”) prior to such transaction do not, directly or indirectly, beneficially hold a majority of the Voting Power (or of the voting power of the surviving or acquiring entity) after such transaction.

(gg) “Section 16(b)” means Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act.

(hh) “Service” means the Participant’s performance of services for a Related Company in the capacity of an Employee, Director or Consultant.

(ii) “Service Provider” means an Employee, Director or Consultant.

(jj) “Share” means a share of the Common Stock, as adjusted in accordance with Section 12 hereof.

(kk) “Stock Option Agreement” means a written agreement between the Company and a Participant evidencing the terms and conditions of an individual Option grant. A Stock Option Agreement is subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan.

(ll) “Stock Purchase Agreement” means a written agreement between the Company and a Participant evidencing the terms and conditions of a Stock Purchase Right. A Stock Purchase Agreement is subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan.

(mm) “Stock Purchase Right’ means the right of a Participant to purchase Common Stock pursuant to Section 10 hereof.

(nn) “Subsidiary” means “subsidiary corporation,” whether now or hereafter existing, as defined in Section 424(f) of the Code.

(oo) “10% Stockholder” means the owner of stock (as determined under Section 424(d) of the Code) possessing more than ten percent (10%) of the voting power of all classes of stock of a Related Company.

3. Effective Date and Term of Plan. The Plan (as amended and restated herein) shall become effective upon the date of its adoption by the Board, April 15, 2016, provided that, the terms of this Plan (as amended and restated herein) that are required to be approved by stockholders under Applicable Law (including any increase to the number of Shares which may be subject to Awards in Section 4(a) and the amendment of Section 11 relating to the Performance Awards), Nasdaq listing requirements, or otherwise, shall apply to all Awards granted on or after June 10, 2016. No Awards shall be granted under the Plan after June 10, 2026, but Awards previously granted may extend beyond that date.

4. Stock Subject to the Plan.

(a) Number of Shares. Subject to the provisions of Section 12 of the Plan, the maximum aggregate number of Shares which may be subject to Awards and issued under the Plan is 30,000,000 Shares. The Shares may be authorized but unissued shares or treasury shares. If an Award expires or becomes unexercisable without having been exercised in full, or is surrendered pursuant to an Option Exchange Program, the unpurchased Shares which were subject thereto shall become available for future grant or sale under the Plan (unless the Plan has terminated). However, Shares that have actually been issued under the Plan, upon exercise of an Award, shall not be returned to the Plan and shall not become available for future distribution under the Plan, except that if Restricted Shares are forfeited and repurchased by the Company at not more than their Exercise Price, such Shares shall become available for future Awards under the Plan. Shares which are delivered by the Participant or withheld by the Company upon the exercise of an Option under the Plan, in payment of the exercise price thereof or tax withholding thereon, may again be optioned, granted or

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awarded hereunder, subject to the limitations of this Section 4(a). Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 4(a), no Shares may again be optioned, granted or awarded if such action would cause an Incentive Stock Option to fail to qualify as an Incentive Stock Option under Section 422 of the Code. Subject to adjustment under Section 12, no more than 30,000,000 shares shall be available for issuance as Incentive Stock Options under the Plan.

(b) Per-Participant Limit. No Participant may be granted Awards in any one fiscal year of the Company to purchase or otherwise acquire more than 3,000,000 Shares. The per-Participant limit described in this Section 4(b) shall be construed and applied consistently with Section 162(m) of the Code.

(c) Non-Employee Director Limit. Notwithstanding anything in Section 4(b) to the contrary, the maximum number of Shares subject to Awards granted under this Plan or any other equity plan maintained by the Company during a single fiscal year of the Company to any Director who is not an Employee of the Company, taken together with any cash fees paid to such Director during the fiscal year, may not exceed $500,000 in total value. The value of any Award for purposes of this Section 4(c) shall be determined by reference to the grant date fair value of such Award used by the Company for financial reporting purposes and shall exclude the value of any dividends or dividend equivalents paid pursuant to an Award granted in a prior fiscal year.

5. Administration of the Plan.

(a) Administration by Committee. The Plan will be administered by a committee (the “Committee”) composed solely of two (2) or more members of the Board that satisfy the independence requirements of the applicable national securities exchange which serves as the principal trading market for the Common Stock and of other Applicable Laws; provided, however, that unless otherwise prohibited by Applicable Law the Board, acting through a majority of its independent directors, may itself exercise any or all of the powers and responsibilities assigned to the Committee under the Plan and when so acting shall have the benefit of all of the provisions of the Plan pertaining to the Committee’s exercise of its authorities hereunder. Unless the Board shall determine otherwise, and to the extent necessary to comply with Applicable Law, each member of the Committee shall also satisfy the requirements of (i) a “non-employee director” for purposes of Rule16b-3 of the Exchange Act, and (ii) an “outside director” for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code. The Board may designate one or more directors as a subcommittee who may act for the Committee if necessary to satisfy the requirements of this Section 5(a).

(b) General Powers of the Committee. The Committee shall have authority to grant Awards and to adopt, amend and repeal such administrative rules, guidelines and practices relating to the Plan as it shall deem advisable. The Committee may correct any defect, supply any omission or reconcile any inconsistency in the Plan or any Award in the manner and to the extent it shall deem expedient to carry the Plan into effect and it shall be the sole and final judge of such expediency. All decisions by the Committee shall be made in the Committee’s sole discretion and shall be final and binding on all persons having or claiming any interest in the Plan or in any Award. No director or person acting pursuant to the authority delegated by the Committee shall be liable for any action or determination relating to or under the Plan made in good faith.

(c) Other Powers of the Committee. Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Committee shall have the authority in its discretion:

i. to determine the Fair Market Value;

ii. to select the Service Providers to whom Awards may from time to time be granted hereunder;

iii. to determine the number of Shares to be covered by each Award granted hereunder;

iv. to approve forms of agreement for use under the Plan;

v. to determine the terms and conditions of any Award granted hereunder. Such terms and conditions include, but are not limited to, the Exercise Price or Purchase Price, the time or times when an Award may be exercised (which may be based on performance criteria), any vesting, acceleration or waiver of forfeiture restrictions, and any restriction or limitation regarding any Award or the Shares relating thereto, based in each case on such factors as the Committee, in its sole discretion, shall determine;

vi. to determine whether and under what circumstances an Award may be settled in cash instead of Common Stock;

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vii. to reduce the Exercise Price or Purchase Price of any Award to the then current Fair Value Market if the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock covered by such Award has declined since the date the Award was granted (with stockholder approval);

viii. to initiate an Option Exchange Program (with stockholder approval);

ix. to prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan; and

x. to construe and interpret the terms of the Plan and Awards granted pursuant to the Plan.

6. Option Eligibility.

(a) Nonstatutory Stock Options, Stock Purchase Rights, Restricted Stock Units and other stock-based awards (other than Incentive Stock Options) may be granted to Service Providers. Incentive Stock Options may be granted only to Employees.

(b) Each Option shall be designated in the Stock Option Agreement as either an Incentive Stock Option or a Nonstatutory Stock Option. However, notwithstanding such designation, to the extent that the aggregate Fair Market Value of the Shares with respect to which Incentive Stock Options are exercisable for the first time by the Participant during any calendar year (under all plans of the Related Companies) exceeds $100,000, such Options shall be treated as Nonstatutory Stock Options. For purposes of this Section 6(b), Incentive Stock Options shall be taken into account in the order in which they were granted, except as otherwise provided in the Code or regulations issued thereunder. The Fair Market Value of the Shares shall be determined as of the time the Option with respect to such Shares is granted.

7. Term of Option. The term of each Option shall be stated in the Stock Option Agreement; provided, however, that the term shall be no more than ten (10) years from the date of grant thereof. In the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to a 10% Stockholder, the term of the Option shall be five (5) years from the date of grant or such shorter term as may be provided in the Stock Option Agreement.

8. Option Exercise Price and Consideration.

(a) The Exercise Price for the Shares to be issued upon exercise of an Option shall be such price as is determined by the Committee; provided, however, that in the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to a 10% Stockholder, the Exercise Price shall be no less than 110% of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant, and provided further that in the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to any other Employee, the Exercise Price shall be no less than 100% of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant.

(b) For Options issued prior to December 13, 2007, the consideration to be paid for the Shares to be issued upon exercise of an Option, including the method of payment, shall be determined by the Committee (and, in the case of an Incentive Stock Option, shall be determined at the time of grant and set forth in the Stock Option Agreement). Such consideration may consist of (i) cash or a check payable to the Company, (ii) a promissory note of the Participant, (iii) when the Common Stock is registered under the Exchange Act other Shares which (x) in the case of Shares acquired upon exercise of an Option, have been owned by the Participant for more than six months on the date of surrender, and (y) have a Fair Market Value on the date of surrender equal to the aggregate Exercise Price of the Shares as to which such Option shall be exercised, (iv) consideration received by the Company under a cashless exercise program implemented by the Company in connection with the Plan, or (v) any combination of the foregoing methods of payment.

(c) For Options issued on or after December 13, 2007, the consideration to be paid for the Shares to be issued upon exercise of an Option, including the method of payment, shall be determined by the Committee (and, in the case of an Incentive Stock Option, shall be determined at the time of grant and set forth in the Stock Option Agreement). Such consideration may consist of (i) cash or a check payable to the Company; (ii) a promissory note of the Participant; (iii) consideration received by the Company under a cashless exercise program implemented by the Company in connection with the Plan; (iv) when the Common Stock is registered under the Exchange Act, consideration received by the Company under a “net exercise” arrangement pursuant to which the number of Shares issued to the Participant in connection with the Participant’s exercise of the Option is reduced by the Company’s retention of a portion of the Shares otherwise issuable in connection with such exercise having a Fair Market Value (determined as of the date of the exercise notice) equal to the aggregate exercise price of the Shares as to which such Option is being exercised; or (v) any combination of the foregoing methods of payment.

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9. Exercise of Option.

(a) Procedure for Exercise. Any Option granted hereunder shall be exercisable according to the terms hereof at such times and under such conditions as determined by the Committee and set forth in the Stock Option Agreement. Unless the Committee provides otherwise, vesting of Options granted hereunder shall be tolled during any unpaid leave of absence. An Option may not be exercised for a fraction of a Share.

(b) An Option shall be deemed exercised when the Company receives: (i) written notice of exercise (in accordance with the Stock Option Agreement) from the person entitled to exercise the Option, and (ii) full payment for the Shares with respect to which the Option is exercised. Full payment may consist of any consideration and method of payment authorized by the Committee and permitted by the Stock Option Agreement and the Plan. Shares issued upon exercise of an Option shall be issued in the name of the Participant or, if requested by the Participant, in the name of the Participant and his or her spouse.

(c) Exercise of an Option in any manner shall result in a decrease in the number of Shares thereafter available, both for purposes of the Plan and sale under the Option, by the number of Shares as to which the Option is exercised.

(d) Termination of Service. If a Participant terminates Service other than by reason of the Participant’s death, Disability or Retirement, such Participant may exercise his or her Option within such period of time as is specified in the Stock Option Agreement to the extent that the Option is vested on the date of termination (but in no event later than the expiration of the term of the Option as set forth in the Stock Option Agreement). In the absence of a specified time in the Stock Option Agreement, the Option shall remain exercisable for three months following the Participant’s termination of Service. If, on the date of termination, the Participant is not vested as to his or her entire Option, the Shares covered by the unvested portion of the Option shall revert to the Plan unless the Committee has determined that all or part of the unvested portion of the Option will continue to vest following termination of Service, in which case the Shares covered by the portion of the Option that will continue to vest will not revert to the Plan until the vesting of those Shares is no longer possible. If, after termination of Service, the Participant does not exercise his or her Option within the time specified by the Committee in the Stock Option Agreement, the Option shall terminate, and the Shares covered by such Option shall revert to the Plan.

(e) Disability of Participant. If a Participant terminates Service as a result of the Participant’s Disability, the Participant may exercise his or her Option within such period of time as is specified in the Stock Option Agreement to the extent the Option is vested on the date of termination (but in no event later than the expiration of the term of such Option as set forth in the Stock Option Agreement). In the absence of a specified time in the Stock Option Agreement, the Option shall remain exercisable for 24 months following the Participant’s termination of Service as the result of the Participant’s Disability. If, on the date of termination of Service, the Participant is not vested as to his or her entire Option, the Shares covered by the unvested portion of the Option shall revert to the Plan unless the Committee has determined that all or part of the unvested portion of the Option will continue to vest following termination of Service, in which case the Shares covered by the portion of the Option that will continue to vest will not revert to the Plan until the vesting of those Shares is no longer possible. If, after termination of Service, the Participant does not exercise his or her Option within the time specified in the Stock Option Agreement, the Option shall terminate, and the Shares covered by such Option shall revert to the Plan.

(f) Death of Participant. If a Participant dies while a Service Provider, the Option may be exercised within such period of time as is specified in the Stock Option Agreement to the extent that the Option is vested on the date of death (but in no event later than the expiration of the term of such Option as set forth in the Stock Option Agreement) by the Participant’s estate or by a person who acquires the right to exercise the Option by bequest or inheritance. In the absence of a specified time in the Stock Option Agreement, the Option shall remain exercisable for 24 months following the Participant’s termination of Service because of death. If, at the time of death, the Participant is not vested as to the entire Option, the Shares covered by the unvested portion of the Option shall revert to the Plan on the last day of the 12th month following the date of the Participant’s death unless the Committee earlier determines that all or part of the unvested portion of the Option will become vested as of the date of the Participant’s death and/or will continue to vest following the death of the Participant, in which case the Shares covered by the unvested portion of the Option will not revert to the Plan until the vesting of those Shares is no longer possible. If the Option is not so exercised within the time specified in the Stock Option Agreement, the Option shall terminate, and the Shares covered by such Option shall revert to the Plan.

(g) Retirement of Participant. If a Participant terminates Service as a result of Retirement, the Participant may exercise his or her Option within such period of time as is specified in the Stock Option Agreement to the extent the Option is vested on the date of termination (but in no event later than the expiration of the term of such Option as set forth in the Stock Option Agreement). In the absence of a specified time in the Stock Option Agreement, the Option shall remain

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exercisable for 24 months following the Participant’s termination of Service as the result of the Participant’s Retirement. If, on the date of termination of Service, the Participant is not vested as to his or her entire Option, the Shares covered by the unvested portion of the Option shall revert to the Plan unless the Committee has determined that all or part of the unvested portion of the Option will continue to vest following termination of Service, in which case the Shares covered by the portion of the Option that will continue to vest will not revert to the Plan until the vesting of those Shares is no longer possible. If, after termination of Service, the Participant does not exercise his or her Option within the time specified in the Stock Option Agreement, the Option shall terminate, and the Shares covered by such Option shall revert to the Plan.

(h) Unvested Shares. The Committee shall have the discretion to grant Options which are exercisable for Restricted Shares. Should the Participant terminate Service or fail to satisfy performance objectives while holding such Restricted Shares, the Company shall have a Right of Repurchase, at the Exercise Price paid per Share or such other price determined by the Committee and set forth in the Stock Option Agreement, with respect to any or all of those Restricted Shares. The terms upon which such Right of Repurchase shall be exercisable (including the period and procedure for exercise and the appropriate vesting schedule for the purchased Shares) shall be established by the Committee and set forth in the Stock Option Agreement or other document evidencing such repurchase right.

(i) Automatic Extension of Post-Termination Exercise Periods. For Options issued on or after December 13, 2007, the period of time during which a Participant may exercise an Option after he or she terminates Service pursuant to this Section 9 or as specified in any Stock Option Agreement (the “Post-Termination Exercise Period”) shall be extended by the amount of time, if any, during the Post-Termination Exercise Period when the effectiveness of any registration statement covering the issuance of Shares under the Plan is suspended for any reason; provided, however, that in no event shall the Post-Termination Exercise Period be extended beyond the expiration of the stated term of the Option.

10. Stock Purchase Rights, Restricted Stock Units and Other Stock-Based Awards.

(a) Rights to Purchase. Stock Purchase Rights may be issued either alone, in addition to, or in tandem with other Awards granted under the Plan and/or cash awards made outside of the Plan. After the Committee determines that it will offer Stock Purchase Rights under the Plan, it shall advise the Participant in writing of the terms, conditions and restrictions related to the offer, including the number of Shares that such person shall be entitled to purchase, the price to be paid (including par value) if any, and the time within which such person must accept such offer.

(b) Company Right of Repurchase. Unless the Committee determines otherwise, the Stock Purchase Agreement shall grant the Company a Right of Repurchase exercisable upon the termination of the Purchaser’s Service with the Company for any reason (including death or disability) or upon the failure to satisfy any performance objectives or other conditions specified in the Stock Purchase Agreement. Shares issued as Restricted Shares may not be sold, assigned, transferred, pledged or otherwise disposed of, except by will or the laws of descent and distribution, or as otherwise determined by the Committee in the Stock Purchase Agreement, for such period as the Committee shall determine. The purchase price for Restricted Shares repurchased pursuant to the Right of Repurchase shall be the purchase price paid by the Purchaser or such other price determined by the Committee and set forth in the Stock Purchase Agreement, and may be paid by cancellation of any indebtedness of the Purchaser to the Company. The Right of Repurchase shall lapse upon such conditions or at such rate as the Committee may determine and set forth in the Stock Purchase Agreement.

(c) Each certificate for Restricted Shares shall bear an appropriate legend referring to the Right of Repurchase and other restrictions and shall be deposited by the stockholder with the Company together with a stock power endorsed in blank. Any attempt to dispose of Restricted Shares in contravention of the Right of Repurchase and other restrictions shall be null and void and without effect. If Restricted Shares shall be repurchased by the Company pursuant to the Right of Repurchase, the stockholder shall forthwith deliver to the Company the certificates for the Restricted Shares, accompanied by such instrument of transfer, if any, as may reasonably be required by the Company. If the Company does not exercise its Right of Repurchase, such Right of Repurchase shall terminate and be of no further force and effect.

(d) The Committee may in its discretion waive the surrender and cancellation of one or more Restricted Shares (or other assets attributable thereto) which would otherwise occur upon the non-completion of the vesting schedule or other conditions applicable to those Restricted Shares. Such waiver shall result in the immediate vesting of the Purchaser’s interest in the Restricted Shares as to which the waiver applies. Such waiver may be effected at any time, whether before or after the Purchaser’s termination of Service or the attainment or non-attainment of the applicable conditions.

(e) Other Provisions. The Stock Purchase Agreement shall contain such other terms, provisions and conditions not inconsistent with the Plan as may be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion.

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(f) Restricted Stock Units. The Committee may also grant Restricted Stock Units with such terms and conditions as the Committee shall determine. A Participant may not vote the Shares represented by a Restricted Stock Unit, but (notwithstanding Section 13(c) of the Plan to the contrary) a Restricted Stock Unit Award may provide a Participant with the right to receive dividend equivalent payments with respect to the Common Stock subject to the Award (both before and after such Common Stock is vested).

(g) Other Stock-Based Awards. The Committee shall have the right to grant other Awards based upon the Common Stock having such terms and conditions as the Committee may determine, including the grant of Shares based upon certain conditions, the grant of securities convertible into Common Stock and the grant of stock appreciation rights.

11. Performance-Based Awards.

(a) General. Subject to the terms of the Plan, the Committee shall have the authority to establish and administer performance-based grant, exercise, and/or vesting conditions and Performance Goals (as defined in Section 11(b) below) with respect to such Awards as it considers appropriate, which Performance Goals must be satisfied, as determined by the Committee, before the Participant receives or retains an Award or before the Award becomes exercisable or nonforfeitable, as the case may be. Where such Awards are granted to any person who is a “covered employee” within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code (“Section 162(m)”), the Committee (which in such case shall consist solely of those Committee members that are “outside directors” as defined by Section 162(m)) may designate the Awards as subject to the requirements of Section 162(m), in which case the provisions of the Awards are intended to conform with all provisions of Section 162(m) to the extent necessary to allow the Company to claim a Federal income tax deduction for the Awards as “qualified performance-based compensation.” However, the Committee retains the sole discretion to grant Awards that do not so qualify and to determine the terms and conditions of such Awards including any performance-based vesting conditions that shall apply to such Awards. Prior to a sale of the Company, the Committee may exercise its discretion in a uniform and non-discriminatory manner for similarly-situated Participants to reduce (but not increase) any Award otherwise payable under this Plan in accordance with objective or subjective factors if necessary or appropriate to limit the amount payable under an Award to an amount consistent with the purposes of the Plan and the intended economic benefits of participation in the Plan. No Award subject to Section 162(m) shall be paid or vest, as applicable, unless and until the date that the Committee has certified, in the manner prescribed by Section 162(m), the extent to which the Performance Goals for the Performance Period (as defined in Section 11(b) below) have been attained and has made its decisions regarding the extent, if any, of a reduction of such Award. The Committee’s determination will be final and conclusive.

(b) Performance Goals. Performance goals (the “Performance Goals”) will be based exclusively on one or more of the following business criteria determined with respect to the Company and its Subsidiaries on a group-wide basis or on the basis of Subsidiary, business platform, or operating unit results, on a GAAP or non-GAAP basis: (i) earnings per share (on a fully diluted or other basis), (ii) pretax or after tax net income, (iii) operating income, (iv) gross revenue, (v) profit margin, (vi) stock price targets or stock price maintenance, (vii) working capital, (viii) free cash flow, (ix) cash flow, (x) return on equity, (xi) return on capital or return on invested capital, (xii) earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA), (xiii) economic value added, (xiv) strategic business criteria, consisting of one or more objectives based on meeting specified revenue, license signings, market penetration, geographic business expansion goals, cost targets, or objective goals relating to acquisitions or divestitures or other operational goals, (xv) total shareholder return, or (xvi) any combination of these measures as determined by the Committee.

(c) Each Performance Goal may be expressed in absolute and/or relative terms or ratios and may be based on or use comparisons with internal targets, the past performance of the Company (including the performance of one or more Subsidiaries, divisions, platforms, operating units and/or other business unit) and/or the past or current performance of other companies. In the case of earnings-based measures, Performance Goals may use comparisons relating to capital (including, but not limited to, the cost of capital), cash flow, free cash flow, shareholders’ equity and/or shares outstanding, or to assets or net assets.

(d) The Committee shall determine the period for which Performance Goals are set and during which performance is to be measured to determine whether a Participant is entitled to payment of an Award under the Plan (the “Performance Period”). Performance Periods may be of varying and overlapping durations, but each such period shall not be less than 12 months. To the extent that an Award is intended to constitute “qualified performance-based compensation” within the meaning of Section 162(m), the Performance Goals must be established within 90 days of the beginning of the Performance Period.

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(e) The Committee may specify in an Award that Performance Goals shall be adjusted to include or exclude the effect of: unusual or infrequent events, changes in accounting principles, material litigation, material judgments, material settlements, currency exchange rate fluctuations, changes in corporate tax rates, and the impact of acquisitions, divestitures, and discontinued operations.

12. Adjustments Upon Changes in Capitalization or Dissolution or Sale of the Company.

(a) Changes in Capitalization. In the event of any stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, combination of shares, reclassification of shares, spin-off or other similar change in capitalization or event, or any distribution to holders of Common Stock other than an ordinary cash dividend, (i) the number and class of securities available under the Plan, (ii) the per-Participant limit set forth in Section 4(b) and the Non-Employee Director Limit set forth in Section 4(c), (iii) the number and class of securities and exercise price per share subject to each outstanding Award, (iv) the price per share at which outstanding Restricted Shares may be repurchased pursuant to a Right of Repurchase and (v) the terms of each other outstanding Award shall automatically be proportionately adjusted on a pro rata basis.

(b) Dissolution or Liquidation. In the event of the proposed dissolution or liquidation of the Company, the Committee shall notify each Participant as soon as practicable prior to the effective date of such proposed transaction. The Committee in its discretion may provide for a Participant to have the right to exercise his or her Award until 15 days prior to such transaction as to all of the Shares covered thereby, including Shares as to which the Award would not otherwise be exercisable. In addition, the Committee may provide that any Right of Repurchase applicable to any Restricted Shares purchased upon exercise of an Option or Stock Purchase Right shall lapse as to all such Shares, provided the proposed dissolution or liquidation takes place at the time and in the manner contemplated. To the extent it has not been previously exercised, an Award will terminate immediately prior to the consummation of such proposed dissolution or liquidation of the Company.

(c) Sale of the Company. Except as otherwise provided in any Stock Option Agreement, Stock Purchase Agreement, Restricted Stock Unit Agreement or other document evidencing such rights, in the event of a Sale of the Company when any unexercised Award, Restricted Stock Unit, or Restricted Shares remain outstanding, the Committee may in its discretion apply one or more or any combination of the following provisions:

i. the Committee may provide that outstanding Awards or Restricted Shares shall be assumed or an equivalent option, right, unit or restricted stock substituted by the successor entity or a Parent or Subsidiary thereof; or the Committee may, subject to the provisions of clauses (iv) and (v) below, after the effective date of the Sale of the Company, permit a holder of an Award immediately prior to such effective date, upon exercise or payment of the Award, to receive in lieu of Shares of Common Stock, shares of stock or other securities or consideration as the holders of Common Stock received pursuant to the terms of the Sale of the Company; or

ii. the Committee may waive any discretionary limitations imposed with respect to an Award so that some or all Options, Restricted Stock Units or Stock Purchase Rights, from and after a date prior to the effective date of the Sale of the Company as specified by the Committee, are exercisable or payable in full and any Restricted Shares shall cease to be subject to restrictions in whole or in part; or

iii. the Committee may cause any outstanding Awards to be canceled as of the effective date of the Sale of the Company, provided that notice of cancellation is given to each holder of an Award, and each holder of an Award has the right to exercise the Award in full prior to or contemporaneous with the effective date of such Sale of the Company; or

iv. the Committee may cause any outstanding Awards to be canceled as of the effective date of the Sale of the Company, provided that notice of such cancellation is given to each holder of an Award, and each holder of an Award has the right to exercise the Award, to the extent exercisable in accordance with any limitations imposed thereon, prior to or contemporaneous with the effective date of such Sale of the Company.

13. General Provisions Applicable to Awards. Every Award and all Shares issued pursuant to the Plan shall be subject to the following provisions:

(a) Time of Granting Awards. The date of grant of an Award shall, for all purposes, be the date on which the Committee makes the determination granting such Award, or such other date as is determined by the Committee. The Committee will give notice of the determination to each Service Provider to whom an Award is so granted within a reasonable time after the date of such grant.

- 9 -

(b) No Rights to Employment or Other Status. Neither the Plan nor any Award shall confer upon any Participant any rights with respect to continuing in Service with any Related Company, nor shall the Plan or any Award interfere in any way with the Participant’s right or the Related Company’s right to terminate the Participant’s Service at any time, with or without cause.

(c) Rights as a Stockholder. Except as otherwise provided by the Committee with respect to dividend equivalent payments for Restricted Stock Units: (i) until the Shares are issued (as evidenced by the appropriate entry on the books of the Company or of a duly authorized transfer agent of the Company), no right to vote or receive dividends or any other rights as a stockholder shall exist with respect to the Shares, notwithstanding the exercise of an Award; (ii) the Company shall issue (or cause to be issued) the Shares promptly after an Award is duly exercised; and (iii) no adjustment will be made for a dividend or other right for which the record date is prior to the date the Shares are issued, except as provided in Section 12 hereof.

(d) Acceleration. The Committee may at any time provide that any Awards shall become immediately exercisable in full or in part or that any Restricted Shares shall be free of restrictions or conditions in full or in part or otherwise realizable in full or in part, as the case may be.

(e) Buyout Provisions. The Committee may at any time and from time to time offer to buy out for a payment in cash or Shares any Award previously granted, based on such terms and conditions as the Committee shall establish and communicate to the holder of such Award at the time such offer is made.

(f) Conditions on Delivery of Shares. The Company shall not be obligated to deliver any Shares pursuant to the Plan or to remove any restrictions from Shares previously delivered under the Plan, until (i) all conditions of the Award have been met or removed to the satisfaction of the Committee, (ii) in the opinion of the Company’s counsel, all other legal matters in connection with the issuance and delivery of such Shares have been satisfied in accordance with Applicable Laws; and (iii) the Participant has executed and delivered to the Company such representations or agreements as the Company may consider appropriate to satisfy the requirements of Applicable Laws.

(g) Amendment of Award. The Committee may amend, modify or terminate any outstanding Award, including but not limited to, substituting therefor another Award of the same or different type, changing the expiration date or Exercise Price or Purchase Price, providing for continued vesting of the Award following termination of Service or converting an Incentive Stock Option to a Nonstatutory Stock Option, provided that the Participant’s consent to such action shall be required unless the Committee determines that the action would not materially and adversely affect the Participant.

(h) Withholding Taxes. Each Participant shall pay to the Company, or make provisions satisfactory to the Committee for payment of, any taxes required by Applicable Laws to be withheld in connection with any Awards to the Participant no later than the date of the event creating the tax liability. Except as the Committee may otherwise provide in an Award, when the Common Stock is registered under the Exchange Act, Participants may satisfy such tax obligations in whole or in part by delivery of Shares, including Shares retained from the Award creating the tax obligation, valued at their Fair Market Value. The Company may, to the extent permitted by Applicable Laws, deduct any such tax obligations from any payment of any kind otherwise due to a Participant.

(i) Cancellation and Forfeiture for Misconduct, Clawback Policy. Notwithstanding the terms of any Award or other provision of the Plan in the event of any Misconduct by the Participant or Purchaser (whether before or after the termination of Service), (i) all Awards granted to the Participant shall be terminated and the holder thereof shall have no further rights thereunder (ii) all Shares then held by the Participant or Purchaser (or any successor) which were acquired by the Participant or Purchaser (or any successor) pursuant to an Award under the Plan shall thereupon be (or revert to being) Restricted Shares and shall be subject to a Right of Repurchase exercisable by the Company and (iii) the Participant or Purchaser (or any successor) shall pay to the Company, within 10 business days of the Company’s request therefor, the aggregate after-tax proceeds (taking into account all amounts of tax that would be recoverable upon a claim of loss for payment of such proceeds in the year of repayment) received by the Participant or Purchaser (or any successor) upon the sale or other disposition of, or distributions in respect of, any Award under the Plan and any Shares acquired in respect thereof. The purchase price for Shares repurchased by the Company pursuant to the Right of Repurchase pursuant to this Section 13(i) shall be equal to the lesser of (i) the purchase price originally paid by the Participant or Purchaser for such Shares or (ii) the Fair Market Value of such Shares as of the date of the repurchase. The following shall constitute “Misconduct” by an Participant or Purchaser: (i) the unauthorized use or disclosure of the confidential information or trade secrets of any Related Company which use or disclosure causes material harm to the Related Company; (ii) conviction of a crime involving moral turpitude, deceit, dishonesty or fraud; (iii) gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Participant or Purchaser with respect to any Related Company; or (iv) the breach by the Participant or Purchaser of any material term of an agreement with a Related Company including covenants not to

- 10 -

compete and not to solicit, and provisions relating to confidential information and intellectual property rights. In addition, Awards and Shares (and proceeds therefrom) obtained pursuant to or upon exercise of such Awards are subject to forfeiture, setoff, clawback, recoupment or other recovery if the Committee determines in good faith that such action is required by Applicable Law or Company policy as amended from time to time.

(j) Limits on Transferability of Awards. An Incentive Stock Option shall be exercisable only by the participant during his or her lifetime and shall not be assignable or transferable other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution following the Participant’s death. With the permission of the Committee, a Nonstatutory Stock Option, Stock Purchase Right, Restricted Stock Unit or Shares may be assigned in whole or in part during the Participant’s lifetime to one or more members of the Participant’s family or to a trust established exclusively for one or more such family members or to the Participant’s former spouse, to the extent such assignment is in connection with the Participant’s estate plan or pursuant to a domestic relations order. The assigned portion may only be exercised by the person or persons who acquired a proprietary interest in the Nonstatutory Stock Option, Stock Purchase Right, Restricted Stock Unit or Shares pursuant to the permitted assignment. The terms applicable to such assigned portion shall be the same as those in effect for the Nonstatutory Stock Option, Stock Purchase Right, Restricted Stock Unit or Shares immediately prior to such assignment and shall be set forth in such documents issued to the assignee as the Committee may deem appropriate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Participant may also designate one or more persons as the beneficiary or beneficiaries of his or her outstanding Awards under the Plan, and those Awards shall, in accordance with such designation, automatically be transferred to such beneficiary or beneficiaries upon the Participant’s death while holding those Awards. Such beneficiary or beneficiaries shall take the transferred Awards subject to all terms and conditions of the applicable agreement evidencing each such transferred Award, including (without limitation) the limited time period during which Awards may be exercised following the Participant’s death.

(k) Documentation. Each Award shall be evidenced by a written instrument in such form as the Committee shall determine. Each Award may contain terms and conditions in addition to those set forth in the Plan. The Committee may, in its sole discretion, deliver any documents related to an Award by electronic means, request that a Participant consent to participate in the Plan by electronic means (including an on-line or electronic system established and maintained by the Company or a third party designated by the Company), or provide in the terms of an Award that a Participant shall be deemed to accept the Award unless the Participant notifies the Company, in writing, that the Participant rejects the Award within a time period specified by the Committee.

(l) Committee Discretion. Except as otherwise provided by the Plan, each Award may be made alone or in addition or in relation to any other Award. The terms of each Award need not be identical, and the Committee need not treat Participants uniformly.

(m) Compliance with Code Section 409A. It is the intention of the Company that this Plan and each Award comply with and be interpreted in accordance with Section 409A of the Code, the United States Department of Treasury regulations, and other guidance issued thereunder, including any applicable exemptions (collectively, “Section 409A”). Each payment in any series of payments provided to a Participant pursuant to this Plan or an Award will be deemed separate payment for purposes of Section 409A. If any amount payable under this Plan or an Award is determined by the Company to constitute nonqualified deferred compensation for purposes of Section 409A (after taking into account applicable exemptions) and such amount is payable upon a termination of employment, then such amount shall not be paid unless and until the Participant’s termination of employment also constitutes a “separation from service” from the Company for purposes of Section 409A. In the event that the Participant is determined by the Company to be a “specified employee” for purposes of Section 409A at the time of his separation from service with the Company, then any nonqualified deferred compensation (after giving effect to any exemptions available under Section 409A) otherwise payable to the Participant as a result of the Participant’s separation from service during the first six (6) months following his separation from service shall be delayed and paid in a lump sum upon the earlier of (x) the Participant’s date of death, or (y) the first day of the seventh month following the Participant’s separation from service, and the balance of the installments (if any) will be payable in accordance with their original schedule.

(n) Foreign Jurisdictions. To the extent that the Committee determines that the material terms set by the Committee or imposed by the Plan preclude the achievement of the material purposes of the Plan in jurisdictions outside the United States, the Committee will have the authority and discretion to modify those terms and provide for such additional terms and conditions as the Committee determines to be necessary, appropriate or desirable to accommodate differences in local law, policy or custom or to facilitate administration of the Plan. The Committee may adopt or approve sub-plans, appendices or supplements to, or amendments, restatements or alternative versions of, the Plan as it may consider necessary, appropriate or desirable, without thereby affecting the terms of the Plan as in effect for any other purpose. The special terms and any appendices, supplements, amendments, restatements or alternative versions, however, shall not include any provisions that are inconsistent with the terms of the Plan as then in effect, unless the Plan could have been amended to eliminate such inconsistency without further approval by the stockholders.

- 11 -

14. Amendment and Termination of the Plan.

(a) Amendment and Termination. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or terminate the Plan.

(b) Stockholder Approval. The Board shall obtain stockholder approval of any Plan amendment to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with Applicable Laws.

(c) Effect of Amendment or Termination. Except as otherwise provided by the Plan, no amendment, alteration, suspension or termination of the Plan shall materially and adversely impair the rights of any Participant, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the Participant and the Committee, which agreement must be in writing and signed by the Participant and the Company. Termination of the Plan shall not affect the Committee’s ability to exercise the powers granted to it hereunder with respect to Awards granted under the Plan prior to the date of such termination.

15. Reservation of Shares. The Company, during the term of the Plan, shall at all times reserve and keep available such number of Shares as shall be sufficient to satisfy the requirements of the Plan.

16. Stockholder Approval. The Plan shall be subject to approval by the stockholders of the Company within 12 months after the date the Plan is adopted. Such stockholder approval shall be obtained in the degree and manner required under Applicable Laws.

17. Governing Law. The provisions of the Plan and all Awards made hereunder shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with the laws of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without regard to any applicable conflicts of law.

Adopted by the Board:	May 23, 2017
Approved by Stockholders:	June 10, 2016

- 12 -

EX-21.1

Exhibit 21.1

SUBSIDIARIES OF PEGASYSTEMS INC*.

Name of Subsidiary	State or Jurisdiction of Entity
Antenna Software, LLC	Delaware
Pegasystems BV	Netherlands
Pegasystems France	France
Pegasystems GmbH	Germany
Pegasystems Limited	United Kingdom
Pegasystems PTY Limited	Australia
Pegasystems Software Limited sp. z.o.o.	Poland
Pegasystems Worldwide India Private Limited	India

* Omitted subsidiaries which, considered in the aggregate, would not constitute a significant subsidiary.

EX-23.1

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statements Nos. 333-09305, 333-89707, 333-53746, 333-104788, 333-116660, 333-135596, 333-166287, 333-166544, 333-176810, and 333-213953 on Form S-8 of our report dated February 26, 2018, relating to the financial statements of Pegasystems Inc., and the effectiveness of Pegasystems Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting, appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Pegasystems Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2017.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

February 26, 2018

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Alan Trefler, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Pegasystems Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: February 26, 2018

/s/ ALAN TREFLER

Alan Trefler

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Kenneth Stillwell, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Pegasystems Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: February 26, 2018    

/s/ KENNETH STILLWELL

Kenneth Stillwell

Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of Pegasystems Inc. (the Company) on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Alan Trefler, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Pegasystems Inc., and Kenneth Stillwell, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer of Pegasystems Inc., each certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated: February 26, 2018

/s/ ALAN TREFLER

Alan Trefler

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ KENNETH STILLWELL

Kenneth Stillwell

Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

XML

Document and Entity Information - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Feb. 14, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	PEGA
Entity Registrant Name	PEGASYSTEMS INC
Entity Central Index Key	0001013857
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		78,099,419
Entity Public Float			$ 2.2

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 162,279	$ 70,594
Marketable securities	61,469	63,167
Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities	223,748	133,761
Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance of $7,655 and $4,126	248,331	265,028
Income taxes receivable	25,662	14,155
Other current assets	14,559	12,188
Total current assets	512,300	425,132
Property and equipment, net	40,359	38,281
Deferred income taxes	57,127	69,898
Other long-term assets	6,969	3,990
Intangible assets, net	31,899	44,191
Goodwill	72,952	73,164
Total assets	721,606	654,656
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	17,370	14,414
Accrued expenses	45,508	36,751
Accrued compensation and related expenses	66,040	60,660
Deferred revenue	195,073	175,647
Total current liabilities	323,991	287,472
Income taxes payable	4,717	4,263
Long-term deferred revenue	6,591	10,989
Other long-term liabilities	15,229	16,043
Total liabilities	350,528	318,767
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 1,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000 shares authorized; 78,081 and 76,591 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively	781	766
Additional paid-in capital	152,097	143,903
Retained earnings	221,926	198,315
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
Net unrealized loss on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax	(232)	(169)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(3,494)	(6,926)
Total stockholders' equity	371,078	335,889
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 721,606	$ 654,656

XML

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Allowance for sales credit memos	$ 7,655	$ 4,126
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares authorized	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	78,081,000	76,591,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	78,081,000	76,591,000

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Revenue:
Software license	$ 288,334	$ 279,995	$ 275,588
Maintenance	244,347	220,336	202,802
Services	307,901	249,935	204,305
Total revenue	840,582	750,266	682,695
Cost of revenue:
Software license	5,085	4,943	4,125
Maintenance	27,905	25,505	21,903
Services	246,683	208,808	187,418
Total cost of revenue	279,673	239,256	213,446
Gross profit	560,909	511,010	469,249
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing	307,210	278,849	241,387
Research and development	162,886	145,548	126,374
General and administrative	52,153	45,951	36,738
Acquisition-related		2,903	89
Total operating expenses	522,249	473,251	404,588
Income from operations	38,660	37,759	64,661
Foreign currency transaction (loss)/gain	(900)	2,247	(4,168)
Interest income, net	731	776	1,056
Other expense, net	(1,391)	(5,580)	(1,044)
Income before provision for income taxes	37,100	35,202	60,505
Provision for income taxes	4,166	8,216	24,183
Net income	$ 32,934	$ 26,986	$ 36,322
Earnings per share:
Basic	$ 0.43	$ 0.35	$ 0.47
Diluted	$ 0.40	$ 0.34	$ 0.46
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic	77,431	76,343	76,507
Diluted	82,832	79,732	79,043

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Net income	$ 32,934	$ 26,986	$ 36,322
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale marketable securities, net of tax	(63)	(19)	(85)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	3,432	(3,569)	(2,810)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	3,369	(3,588)	(2,895)
Comprehensive income	$ 36,303	$ 23,398	$ 33,427

XML

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2014		76,357
Balance at Dec. 31, 2014	$ 294,705	$ 764	$ 141,495	$ 153,058	$ (612)
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)		(952)
Repurchase of common stock	(22,750)	$ (10)	(22,740)
Issuance of common stock for share-based compensation plans (in shares)		1,059
Issuance of common stock for share-based compensation plans	(9,190)	$ 11	(9,201)
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (in shares)		24
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	550		550
Stock-based compensation expense	30,078		30,078
Tax benefit from exercise or vesting of equity awards, net of deferred tax asset deficiencies	5,236		5,236
Cash dividends declared	(9,197)			(9,197)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(2,895)				(2,895)
Net income	36,322			36,322
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2015		76,488
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	322,859	$ 765	145,418	180,183	(3,507)
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)		(1,078)
Repurchase of common stock	(27,028)	$ (11)	(27,017)
Issuance of common stock for share-based compensation plans (in shares)		1,161
Issuance of common stock for share-based compensation plans	(15,856)	$ 12	(15,868)
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (in shares)		20
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	562		562
Stock-based compensation expense	40,808		40,808
Cash dividends declared	(9,175)			(9,175)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(3,588)				(3,588)
Net income	$ 26,986			26,986
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016	76,591	76,591
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 335,889	$ 766	143,903	198,315	(7,095)
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2016-09	321			321
Repurchase of common stock (in shares)		(99)
Repurchase of common stock	(4,493)		(4,493)
Issuance of common stock for share-based compensation plans (in shares)		1,568
Issuance of common stock for share-based compensation plans	(41,627)	$ 15	(41,642)
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan (in shares)		21
Issuance of common stock under Employee Stock Purchase Plan	1,009		1,009
Stock-based compensation expense	53,320		53,320
Cash dividends declared	(9,323)			(9,323)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	3,369				3,369
Net income	$ 32,934			32,934
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017	78,081	78,081
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 371,078	$ 781	$ 152,097	$ 221,926	$ (3,726)

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) $ / shares
Tax benefit from exercise or vesting of equity awards, deferred tax asset deficiencies | $	$ 105
Cash dividends declared, per share | $ / shares	$ 0.12

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Operating activities:
Net income	$ 32,934	$ 26,986	$ 36,322
Adjustment to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Deferred income taxes	13,795	(5,810)	(2,099)
Depreciation and amortization	24,713	24,137	23,093
Stock-based compensation expense	53,313	40,821	30,054
Foreign currency transaction loss (gain)	900	(2,247)	4,168
Amortization of investments	1,381	1,862	2,238
Other non-cash	(1,383)	(1,382)	822
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable	23,814	(56,730)	(62,235)
Income taxes receivable and other current assets	(13,393)	(10,818)	3,223
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	14,473	1,531	16,572
Deferred revenue	8,363	21,271	17,668
Other long-term assets and liabilities	(675)	253	(2,023)
Cash provided by operating activities	158,235	39,874	67,803
Investing activities:
Purchases of investments	(27,718)	(23,969)	(75,702)
Proceeds from maturities and called investments	26,997	22,788	42,026
Sales of investments		62,210	1,915
Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(297)	(49,113)	(1,671)
Investment in property and equipment	(13,741)	(19,088)	(11,020)
Cash used in investing activities	(14,759)	(7,172)	(44,452)
Financing activities:
Dividend payments to shareholders	(9,277)	(9,174)	(9,194)
Common stock repurchases for tax withholdings for net settlement of equity awards	(40,617)	(15,294)	(8,640)
Common stock repurchases under share repurchase program	(4,335)	(27,248)	(22,825)
Cash used in financing activities	(54,229)	(51,716)	(40,659)
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	2,438	(3,418)	(4,251)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	91,685	(22,432)	(21,559)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	70,594	93,026	114,585
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	162,279	70,594	93,026
Supplemental disclosures:
Income taxes (refunded)/paid	(2,322)	28,844	30,215
Non-cash investing and financing activity:
Dividends payable	$ 2,344	$ 2,298	$ 2,297

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BASIS OF PRESENTATION

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Business

The Company develops, markets, licenses, and supports software applications for marketing, sales automation, customer service, and operations, in addition to the Pega Platform for clients that wish to build and extend their own applications. The Company provides implementation, consulting, training, technical support, and hosting services to facilitate the use of its software.

Management estimates and reporting

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S.”) requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Accounts with reported amounts based on significant estimates and judgments include, but are not limited to, revenue, deferred revenue, deferred income taxes, income taxes payable, intangible assets, and goodwill.

Principles of consolidation

The Company’s consolidated financial statements reflect Pegasystems Inc. and subsidiaries in which the Company holds a controlling financial interest.

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Revenue recognition

The Company’s revenue is derived primarily from software licenses, cloud arrangements, maintenance fees related to the Company’s software licenses, and consulting services. The Company’s license arrangements, whether involving a perpetual license or a term license, generally also contain multiple elements, including consulting services, training, and software maintenance services.

Software revenue recognition requires judgment, including whether a software arrangement includes multiple elements, and if so, whether vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value exists for those elements. The amount of arrangement consideration allocated to undelivered elements is based on the VSOE of fair value for those elements and recognized as those elements are delivered. Any remaining portion of the total arrangement fee is allocated to the software license—the first delivered element. Revenue is recognized for each element when all of the revenue recognition criteria have been met. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from clients and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Changes in the mix of the elements in a software arrangement, the ability to identify VSOE for those elements, the fair value of the respective elements, and changes to a product’s estimated life cycle could materially impact the amount of earned and unearned revenue.

Before the Company can recognize revenue, the following four basic criteria must be met:

• Persuasive evidence of an arrangement—As evidence of the existence of an arrangement, the Company uses a contract or purchase order signed by the client and the Company for software, including cloud, and maintenance, and a statement of work for consulting services. In the event the client is a reseller, the Company ensures a binding agreement exists between the reseller and end user of the software.

• Delivery of product and services—The Company delivers its software electronically and/or ships it via disc media. Services are considered delivered as the work is performed or, in the case of maintenance, over the contractual service period.

• Fee is fixed or determinable—The Company assesses whether a fee is fixed or determinable at the onset of the arrangement. In addition, the Company assesses whether contract modifications to an existing arrangement constitute a concession or whether extended payment terms exist. The Company’s agreements do not include a right of return.

• Collection of fee is probable—The Company assesses the probability of collecting from each client at the onset of the arrangement based on a number of factors, including the client’s payment history, its current creditworthiness, economic conditions in the client’s industry and geographic location, and general economic conditions. If, in the Company’s judgment, collection of a fee is not probable, revenue is recognized as cash is collected, provided all other conditions for revenue recognition have been met.

Software license revenues

Perpetual software license fees are recognized as revenue when the software is delivered, any acceptance required by the contract that is not perfunctory is obtained, no significant obligations or contingencies exist related to the software, all other undelivered elements in a multiple element arrangement possess VSOE, and all other revenue recognition criteria are met.

Term software license fees are usually payable on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis under license agreements that typically have a three to five-year term and may be renewed for additional terms at the client’s option. The Company recognizes term license revenue over the term of the agreement as payments become due or earlier if prepaid, provided all other criteria for revenue recognition have been met.

Maintenance revenues

First-year maintenance typically is sold with the related software license and renewed on an annual basis thereafter. Maintenance revenue is deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the support period, which is generally one year and subject to annual renewals. Perpetual software maintenance obligations are based on separately stated renewal rates in the arrangement that are substantive and therefore represent VSOE of fair value. Term license arrangements include separately stated maintenance fees and the Company uses stand-alone sales to determine VSOE of fair value.

Services revenues

The Company’s services revenue is comprised of fees for consulting services including software implementation, training, reimbursable expenses, and for sales of its Pega Cloud as-a-platform offering (“Pega Cloud”), which includes the Pega Cloud Dev/Test environment and the Pega Cloud Production environment. Consulting services may be provided on a “stand-alone” basis or bundled with a license and software maintenance services.

Revenue from training services and consulting services under time and materials contracts is recognized as services are performed. The Company has VSOE of fair value for its training services and consulting services under time and materials contracts in the Americas, Europe, and certain regions of Asia.

Consulting services may sometimes be provided on a fixed-price basis. The Company does not have VSOE of fair value for fixed-price services or time and materials services in certain geographical regions. When these services are part of a multiple element arrangement, and the services are not essential to the functionality of the software, and when services, including maintenance, are the only undelivered element, the Company recognizes the revenue from the total arrangement ratably over the longer of the software maintenance period or the service period. Revenue from fixed-price services that are not bundled with a software license is generally recognized ratably over the service period, which is typically less than four months.

Revenue from stand-alone sales of the Pega Cloud Dev/Test environment is recognized as services are performed because the Company has VSOE of fair value.

Revenue from stand-alone sales of the Pega Cloud Production environment is recognized ratably over the term of the service. When implementation services are sold together with the Company’s Pega Cloud offering and these services have stand-alone value to the client, the Company accounts for these services separately from this offering. Stand-alone value is established through the client’s ability to buy these services from many trained partner system integrators and from transactions sold independently from the sale of Pega Cloud. Since these multiple-element arrangements are not software license sales, the Company applies a selling price hierarchy to determine the fair value of each element in the arrangement. Under the selling price hierarchy, each element’s fair value is determined based on its VSOE, if available. If VSOE does not exist, third-party evidence of fair value (“TPE”) will be considered, and estimated selling price (“ESP”) will be used if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. The Company generally does not have VSOE of its Pega Cloud offering and is not able to determine TPE as its sales strategy is customized to the needs of its clients and the Company’s products and services are dissimilar to comparable products or services in the marketplace. In determining ESP, the Company applies significant judgment as it weighs a variety of factors, based on the facts and circumstances of the arrangement. The Company typically arrives at an ESP for a service without VSOE or TPE by considering company-specific factors such as geographies, competitive landscape, and pricing practices used to establish bundled pricing and discounting.

Deferred revenue

Deferred software license revenue typically results from client billings for which all of the criteria to recognize revenue have not been met. Deferred maintenance revenue represents software license updates and product support contracts that are typically billed in advance and are recognized ratably over the support periods. Deferred services revenue represents advanced billings for consulting, hosting, and training services that are recognized as the services are performed.

Fair value of financial instruments

The principal financial instruments held by the Company consist of cash equivalents, marketable securities, derivative instruments, accounts receivable, and accounts payable. See Note 3 “Marketable Securities”, Note 4 “Derivative Instruments”, and Note 5 “Fair Value Measurements” for further discussion of financial instruments that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis.

Derivative instruments

The Company has in the past used, but does not currently use, foreign currency forward contracts (“forward contracts”) to manage its exposures to changes in foreign currency exchange rates associated with its foreign currency denominated accounts receivable, intercompany receivable and payables, and cash. See Note 4 “Derivative Instruments” for further discussion.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are three years for computer equipment and five years for furniture and fixtures. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the term of the lease or the useful life of the asset. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

Internal-use software

The Company capitalizes and amortizes certain direct costs associated with computer software developed or purchased for internal use incurred during the application development stage. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred. The Company amortizes capitalized software costs generally over three to five years commencing on the date the software is placed into service.

During 2016, the Company placed into service computer software developed for internal use of $11.3 million, of which $1.1 million was capitalized in 2015 and $10.2 million was capitalized in 2016.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the residual purchase price paid in a business combination after the fair value of all identified assets and liabilities have been recorded. Goodwill is not amortized. The Company operates as a single reporting unit. The Company performed its qualitative assessment as of November 30, 2017, 2016, and 2015, and concluded it was not more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit was less than its carrying value.

Intangible and long-lived assets

All of the Company’s intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful life. The Company evaluates its long-lived tangible and intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Impairment is assessed by comparing the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the intangible asset to its carrying value. If impairment exists, the Company calculates the impairment by comparing the carrying value of the intangible asset to its fair value as determined by discounted expected cash flows. The Company did not record any impairments in 2017, 2016, or 2015.

Business combinations

The Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to accurately assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. The Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. In addition, uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances are initially established in connection with a business combination as of the acquisition date. The Company continues to collect information and reevaluates these estimates and assumptions quarterly and records any adjustments to the Company’s preliminary estimates to goodwill provided that the Company is within the measurement period. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Research and development and software development costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalization of computer software developed for resale begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility, generally demonstrated by a working model or an operative version of the computer software product. Such costs have not been material to date as technological feasibility is established within a short time frame from the software’s general availability and, as a result, no costs were capitalized in 2017, 2016, or 2015.

Stock-based compensation

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense associated with equity awards based on the fair value of these awards at the grant date. Stock-based compensation is recognized over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the equity award, and is adjusted each period for anticipated forfeitures. See Note 14 “Stock-based Compensation” for discussion of the Company’s key assumptions included in determining the fair value of its equity awards at the grant date.

Foreign currency translation

The translation of assets and liabilities for the Company’s subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. Dollar are made at period-end exchange rates. Revenue and expense accounts are translated at the average exchange rates during the period transactions occurred. The resulting translation adjustments are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized and unrealized exchange gains or losses from transactions and remeasurement adjustments are reflected in foreign currency transaction loss in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Accounting for income taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company regularly assesses the need for a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. Future realization of the Company’s deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income within the available carryback or carryforward periods. Sources of taxable income include taxable income in prior carryback years, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, tax planning strategies, and future taxable income. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to an amount it believes is more-likely-than-not to be realized. Changes in the valuation allowance impacts income tax expense in the period of adjustment. The Company’s deferred tax valuation allowance requires significant judgment and uncertainties, including assumptions about future taxable income that are based on historical and projected information. The Company recognizes excess tax benefits when they are realized, through a reduction in income taxes payable using the with-and-without stock option method.

The Company assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company records the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority having full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit is recognized in the financial statements. The Company classifies liabilities for uncertain tax positions as non-current liabilities unless the uncertainty is expected to be resolved within one year. The Company classifies interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as income tax expense.

As a global company, the Company uses significant judgment to calculate and provide for income taxes in each of the tax jurisdictions in which it operates. In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, there are transactions and calculations undertaken whose ultimate tax outcome cannot be certain. Some of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of transfer pricing for transactions with the Company’s subsidiaries and nexus and tax credit estimates. In addition, the calculation of acquired tax attributes and the associated limitations are complex. See Note 15 “Income Taxes” for further information.

Advertising expense

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were $6.1 million, $8.9 million, and $9.8 million during 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

New accounting pronouncements

Stock-Based Compensation

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-09 “Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Scope of Modification Accounting” to clarify when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. The effective date for the Company will be January 1, 2018. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material effect on its financial position or results of operations.

Financial Instruments

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost, including trade accounts receivable, upon initial recognition of that financial asset using a forward-looking expected loss model, rather than an incurred loss model for credit losses. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses when the fair value is below the amortized cost of the asset, removing the concept of “other-than-temporary” impairments. The effective date for the Company will be January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheets, recognizing a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The effective date for the Company will be January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects that most of its operating lease commitments will be subject to this ASU and recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption with no material impact to its results of operations and cash flows.

Revenue

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”. This ASU amends the guidance for revenue recognition, creating the new ASC Topic 606 (“ASC 606”). ASC 606 requires entities to apportion consideration from contracts to performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis, based on a five-step model. Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a client obtains control of a promised good or service and is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for the good or service. In addition, ASC 606 requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with clients.

The Company has elected the full retrospective adoption model, effective January 1, 2018. The Company’s quarterly results beginning with the quarter ending March 31, 2018 and comparative prior periods will be compliant with ASC 606. The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 will be the Company’s first Annual Report that will be issued in compliance with ASC 606.

The Company has substantially completed the implementation of ASC 606 and has identified the necessary changes to its policies, processes, systems, and controls. However, due to the complex nature of the Company’s arrangements and recent updates to interpretive guidance, which were made as recently as the fall of 2017, the Company has not yet completed all of its internal control procedures.

Based upon the work performed to date, the Company expects to record a cumulative-effect adjustment as of December 31, 2015 to increase retained earnings by approximately $205 million which includes a $30 million increase in retained earnings due to deferred commission expense and a $97 million decrease in retained earnings due to the resulting tax impact. We expect to fully disclose the impacts of the new standard in connection with our 10Q filing for the first quarter of 2018.

The Company expects the following impacts upon adoption of the standard:

• Currently, the Company recognizes revenue from term licenses and perpetual licenses with extended payment terms over the term of the agreement as payments become due or earlier if prepaid, provided all other criteria for revenue recognition have been met, and any corresponding maintenance over the term of the agreement. The adoption of ASC 606 will result in revenue for performance obligations being recognized as they are satisfied, which will typically occur upon delivery. Therefore, revenue from the term and perpetual license performance obligations with extended payment terms is recognized when control is transferred to the client. Any unrecognized license revenue from these arrangements, included in deferred revenue at December 31, 2015, will not be recognized in revenue in future periods but as a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings. Further, term license revenue from new arrangements executed in 2016 and 2017 will be recognized in full in the year that control of the license is transferred to the client instead of over the term of the agreement. Revenue from the maintenance performance obligations is expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term, consistent with the previous treatment. Due to the revenue from term and perpetual licenses with extended payment terms being recognized prior to amounts being billed to the client, the Company expects to recognize a material unbilled receivable on the balance sheet.

• Currently, the Company allocates revenue to licenses under the residual method when it has Vendor Specific Objective Evidence (“VSOE”) for the remaining undelivered elements, which allocates any future credits or significant discounts entirely to the license. The adoption of ASC 606 will result in future credits, significant discounts, and material rights under ASC 606, generally allocated to all performance obligations based upon their relative selling price. Under ASC 606, additional license revenue from the reallocation of such arrangement considerations will be recognized when control is transferred to the client, which is generally upon delivery of the license.

• Currently, the Company does not have VSOE, in software bundled arrangements, for fixed price services, time and materials services in certain geographical areas, and unspecified future products, which results in revenue being deferred in such instances until such time as VSOE exists for all undelivered elements or recognized ratably over the longest performance period. The adoption of ASC 606 eliminates the requirement for VSOE and replaces it with the concept of a stand-alone selling price. Once the transaction price is allocated to each of the performance obligations based on their relative stand-alone selling prices, the Company can recognize revenue as the performance obligations are delivered, either at a point in time or over time. Under ASC 606, license revenue will be recognized when control is transferred to the client, consulting revenue will be recognized over time based on input measures that reflect the Company’s performance on the contract. This will result in the acceleration of consulting revenue when compared to the current practice of ratable recognition for consulting when there is a lack of VSOE.

• Sales commissions and other third party acquisition costs resulting directly from securing contracts with clients are currently expensed when incurred. ASC 340-40 “Accounting for Other Assets and Deferred Costs” will require these costs to be recognized as an asset when incurred and to be expensed over the associated contract term or estimated client life depending on the nature of the underlying contract. The Company expects this change to impact its commissions related to multi-year cloud offerings and term and perpetual licenses with additional rights of use that extend beyond one year which will require the allocation of a portion of the commission paid for term and perpetual licenses to future maintenance obligations when the commission rates within each arrangement are not commensurate. This change will impact retained earnings as of December 31, 2015 but will not have a significant impact in future periods.

• ASC 606 provides additional accounting guidance for contract modifications whereby changes must be accounted for either as a retrospective change (creating either a catch up or deferral of past revenues), prospectively with a reallocation of revenues amongst identified performance obligations, or prospectively as separate contracts which will not require any reallocation. This may result in a difference in the timing of the recognition of revenue as compared to how contract modifications are recognized currently.

• There will be a corresponding effect on tax liabilities in relation to all of the above impacts.

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MARKETABLE SECURITIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

MARKETABLE SECURITIES

3. MARKETABLE SECURITIES

(in thousands)	December 31, 2017
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Municipal bonds	$	32,996	$	—	$	(148	)	$	32,848
Corporate bonds		28,757		1		(137	)		28,621
	$	61,753	$	1	$	(285	)	$	61,469

(in thousands)	December 31, 2016
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Municipal bonds	$	36,746	$	—	$	(139	)	$	36,607
Corporate bonds		26,610		1		(51	)		26,560
	$	63,356	$	1	$	(190	)	$	63,167

The Company considers debt securities with maturities of three months or less from the purchase date to be cash equivalents. Interest is recorded when earned. All of the Company’s investments are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses considered to be temporary in nature are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of related income taxes. The Company reviews all investments for reductions in fair value that are other-than-temporary. When such reductions occur, the cost of the investment is adjusted to fair value through recording a loss on investments in the consolidated statements of operations. Gains and losses on investments are calculated on the basis of specific identification.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company did not hold any investments with unrealized losses considered to be other than temporary.

As of December 31, 2017, remaining maturities of marketable debt securities ranged from January 2018 to October 2020, with a weighted-average remaining maturity of approximately 12 months.

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DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

4. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The Company historically used, but does not currently use, foreign currency forward contracts (“forward contracts”) to reduce its exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates associated with its foreign currency denominated cash, accounts receivable, and intercompany receivables and payables held primarily by the U.S. parent company and its United Kingdom (“U.K.”) subsidiary. The cash flows related to these forward contracts are classified as operating activities in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company does not enter into any forward contracts for trading or speculative purposes.

At December 31, 2016, the total notional value of the Company’s outstanding forward contracts was $128.4 million.

The fair value of the Company’s outstanding forward contracts was as follows:

(in thousands)	December 31, 2016
	Recorded In:		Fair Value
Asset Derivatives
Foreign currency forward contracts		Other current assets	$	628
Liability Derivatives
Foreign currency forward contracts		Accrued expenses	$	883

The Company had forward contracts outstanding with total notional values as of December 31, 2016 as follows:

(in thousands)
Euro	€	29,820
British pound	£	6,440
Australian dollar	A$	22,010
United States dollar	$	73,125

The income statement impact of the Company’s outstanding forward contracts and foreign currency transactions was as follows:

	2017			2016			2015
Gain (loss) from the change in the fair value of forward contracts included in other expense, net	$	286		$	(5,643	)	$	(1,047	)
Foreign currency transaction (losses) gains from the remeasurement of foreign currency assets and liabilities		(900	)		2,247			(4,168	)

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

5. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The Company records its marketable securities, forward contracts and investments in privately-held companies at fair value on a recurring basis. Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for classifying the fair value measurements, a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which classifies the fair value measurements based on the inputs used in measuring fair value, was established as follows: (Level 1) observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; (Level 2) significant other inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly; and (Level 3) significant unobservable inputs on which there is little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions. This hierarchy requires the Company to use observable market data, when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value.

The Company’s cash equivalents are composed of money market funds and time deposits which are classified as Level 1 and Level 2, respectively, in the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s marketable securities are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are valued based on a market approach using quoted prices, when available, or matrix pricing compiled by third party pricing vendors, using observable market inputs such as interest rates, yield curves, and credit risk. The Company’s foreign currency forward contracts, which are all classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, are valued based on the notional amounts and rates under the contracts and observable market inputs such as currency exchange rates and credit risk. The Company’s investments in privately-held companies are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and are valued using model-based techniques, including option pricing models and discounted cash flow models.

If applicable, the Company will recognize transfers into and out of levels within the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period in which the actual event or change in circumstance occurs. There were no transfers of investments between Level 1 and Level 2 during 2017 and 2016.

The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using						Total
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2017
Fair Value Assets:
Cash equivalents (1)	$	2,720	$	40,051	$	—	$	42,771
Marketable securities:
Municipal bonds	$	—	$	32,848	$	—	$	32,848
Corporate bonds		—		28,621		—		28,621
Total marketable securities	$	—	$	61,469	$	—	$	61,469
Investments in privately-held companies (2)	$	—	$	—	$	1,030	$	1,030
December 31, 2016
Fair Value Assets:
Money market funds (1)	$	458	$	—	$	—	$	458
Marketable securities:
Municipal bonds	$	—	$	36,607	$	—	$	36,607
Corporate bonds		—		26,560		—		26,560
Total marketable securities	$	—	$	63,167	$	—	$	63,167
Foreign currency forward contracts	$	—	$	628	$	—	$	628
Fair Value Liabilities:
Foreign currency forward contracts	$	—	$	883	$	—	$	883

⁽¹⁾  Included in cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets.

⁽²⁾  Included in other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

For certain other financial instruments, including accounts receivable and accounts payable, the carrying value approximates their fair value due to the relatively short maturity of these items.

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Assets recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as property and equipment, and intangible assets are recognized at fair value when they are impaired. During 2017, 2016, and 2015, the Company did not recognize any impairments on its assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

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TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET OF ALLOWANCE

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET OF ALLOWANCE

6. TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET OF ALLOWANCE

Unbilled trade accounts receivable primarily relate to services earned under time and materials arrangements and to license, maintenance, and cloud arrangements that have commenced or been delivered in excess of scheduled invoicing.

(in thousands)	December 31,
	2017			2016
Trade accounts receivable	$	225,923		$	234,473
Unbilled accounts receivable		30,063			34,681
Total accounts receivable		255,986			269,154
Allowance for sales credit memos		(7,655	)		(4,126	)
	$	248,331		$	265,028

The Company records an allowance for estimates of potential sales credit memos when the related revenue is recorded and reviews this allowance periodically.

The following reflects the activity of the allowance for sales credit memos:

(in thousands)	2017			2016			2015
Balance at beginning of year	$	4,126		$	4,631		$	1,540
Provision for credit memos		7,052			3,290			8,005
Credit memos issued		(3,523	)		(3,795	)		(4,914	)
	$	7,655		$	4,126		$	4,631

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

7. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

(in thousands)	December 31,
	2017			2016
Leasehold improvements	$	38,650		$	32,852
Computer equipment		23,783			21,522
Furniture and fixtures		8,517			6,127
Computer software purchased		6,690			6,083
Computer software developed for internal use		12,596			12,069
Fixed assets in progress		2,167			772
		92,403			79,425
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(52,044	)		(41,144	)
Property and equipment, net	$	40,359		$	38,281

Depreciation expense was approximately $12.4 million, $11.2 million, and $10.6 million for 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

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ACQUISITIONS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

ACQUISITIONS

8. ACQUISITIONS

On April 11, 2016, the Company acquired OpenSpan, Inc. (“OpenSpan”), a privately held software provider of robotic process automation and workforce analytics software for $48.8 million in cash, net of $1.8 million in cash acquired.

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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

9. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

As discussed in Note 17 “Geographic Information and Major Clients”, the Company operates in one reportable segment and has one reporting unit.

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill:

(in thousands)	2017			2016
Balance as of January 1,	$	73,164		$	46,776
Acquisitions		—			26,689
Purchase price adjustments to goodwill		(354	)		—
Translation adjustments		142			(301	)
Balance as of December 31,	$	72,952		$	73,164

Intangible assets are recorded at cost and are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.

(in thousands)	Range of Useful Lives		Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net book value
December 31, 2017
Client related intangibles		9-10 years	$	63,164	$	(44,835	)	$	18,329
Technology		7-10 years		58,942		(45,372	)		13,570
Other intangibles		—		5,361		(5,361	)		—
Total			$	127,467	$	(95,568	)	$	31,899
December 31, 2016
Client related intangibles		4-10 years	$	63,091	$	(37,573	)	$	25,518
Technology		3-10 years		58,942		(40,269	)		18,673
Other intangibles		—		5,361		(5,361	)		—
Total			$	127,394	$	(83,203	)	$	44,191

Amortization expense of acquired intangibles was reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as follows:

(in thousands)	2017		2016		2015
Cost of revenue	$	5,103	$	5,986	$	5,392
Selling and marketing		7,235		7,145		6,127
General and administrative		—		277		683
	$	12,338	$	13,408	$	12,202

Future estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets as of December 31, 2017 was as follows:

(in thousands)	Future estimated amortization expense
2018	$	11,345
2019		5,553
2020		2,657
2021		2,633
2022 and thereafter		9,711
	$	31,899

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ACCRUED EXPENSES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

ACCRUED EXPENSES

10. ACCRUED EXPENSES

(in thousands)	December 31,
	2017		2016
Outside professional services	$	14,468	$	10,204
Income and other taxes		7,420		10,422
Marketing and sales program expenses		6,444		3,707
Dividends payable		2,344		2,298
Employee related expenses		4,065		3,806
Other		10,767		6,314
	$	45,508	$	36,751

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DEFERRED REVENUE

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

DEFERRED REVENUE

11. DEFERRED REVENUE

(in thousands)	December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Term license	$	16,853	$	15,843
Perpetual license		19,277		23,189
Maintenance		126,083		112,397
Cloud		23,276		13,604
Consulting and Training		9,584		10,614
Current deferred revenue		195,073		175,647
Perpetual license		2,568		7,909
Maintenance		2,745		1,802
Cloud		1,278		1,278
Long-term deferred revenue		6,591		10,989
	$	201,664	$	186,636

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments

The Company leases space for its offices under noncancellable operating leases that expire at various dates through 2023.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company’s future minimum rental payments required under operating leases with noncancellable terms in excess of one year were as follows:

(in thousands)	Operating Leases (1)
2018	$	15,395
2019		13,881
2020		12,737
2021		11,066
2022 and thereafter		18,896
	$	71,975

⁽¹⁾ Operating leases include future minimum rent payments, net of estimated sublease income for facilities that the Company has vacated pursuant to its restructuring activities.

Rent expense under operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis to account for scheduled rent increases and landlord tenant allowances. In connection with the Company’s amended lease for its office headquarters dated November 11, 2014, the Company has a landlord tenant allowance totaling approximately $9.4 million, all of which was used and reimbursed to the Company as of December 31, 2016 and will be amortized as a reduction to rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Total rent expense under operating leases was approximately $14.7 million, $13.4 million, and $12.3 million for 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Contingencies

The Company is a party in various contractual disputes, litigation and potential claims arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company does not believe that the resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on its financial position or results of operations.

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

13. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Preferred stock

The Company has authorized 1 million shares of preferred stock. The Board of Directors has the authority to issue the shares of preferred stock in one or more series, to establish the number of shares to be included in each series, and to fix the designation, powers, preferences and rights of the shares of each series and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, without any further vote or action by the stockholders. The issuance of preferred stock could decrease the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to holders of common stock, and may have the effect of delaying, deferring or defeating a change in control of the Company. The Company had not issued any shares of preferred stock through December 31, 2017.

Common stock

The Company has 200 million authorized shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of which 78.1 million shares were issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017.

Since 2004, the Company’s Board of Directors has approved stock repurchase programs that have authorized the Company to repurchase in the aggregate up to $195 million of its common stock. On May 30, 2017, we announced that our Board of Directors extended the expiration date of the current stock repurchase program to June 30, 2018. Purchases under these programs have been made on the open market.

(in thousands)	2017					2016					2015
	Shares		Amount			Shares		Amount			Shares		Amount
Authorization remaining, beginning of period			$	39,385				$	40,534				$	13,284
Authorizations				—					25,879					50,000
Repurchases paid		96		(4,335	)		1,078		(27,028	)		944		(22,530	)
Repurchases unsettled		3		(158	)		—		—			8		(220	)
Authorization remaining, end of period			$	34,892				$	39,385				$	40,534

Dividends

For 2017, 2016, and 2015, the Company paid cash dividends of $9.3 million, $9.2 million, and $9.2 million, respectively.

(per share)	2017		2016		2015
Dividends Declared	$	0.12	$	0.12	$	0.12

It is the Company’s current intention to pay a quarterly cash dividend of $0.03 per share, however, the Board of Directors may terminate or modify this dividend program at any time without notice.

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

14. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The following table presents the stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations:

(in thousands)	2017			2016			2015
Cost of revenues	$	14,573		$	11,459		$	8,772
Selling and marketing		15,720			12,464			8,911
Research and development		13,618			10,043			8,116
General and administrative		9,402			6,513			4,255
Acquisition-related		—			342			—
Total stock-based compensation before tax	$	53,313		$	40,821		$	30,054
Income tax benefit	$	(12,113	)	$	(12,198	)	$	(8,098	)

The majority of the Company’s stock-based compensation arrangements generally vest over five years with 20% vesting after one year and the remaining 80% vesting in equal quarterly installments over the remaining four years. The Company’s stock options have a ten-year term. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation using the accelerated attribution method, treating each vesting tranche as if it were an individual grant.

The Company periodically grants stock options and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) for a fixed number of shares upon vesting to employees and non-employee Directors. The exercise price for stock options is greater than or equal to the fair market value of the shares at the grant date. RSUs deliver to the recipient a right to receive a specified number of shares of the Company’s common stock upon vesting. The Company values its RSUs at the fair value of its common stock on the grant date, which is the closing price of its common stock on the grant date, less the present value of expected dividends during the vesting period, as the recipient is not entitled to dividends during the requisite service period. Upon vesting of the RSUs, the Company withholds shares of common stock in an amount sufficient to cover the minimum statutory tax withholding obligations and issues shares of its common stock for the remaining amount.

Employees may elect to receive 50% of their target incentive compensation under the Company’s Corporate Incentive Compensation Plan (the “CICP”) in the form of RSUs instead of cash. If elected by an employee, the equity amount is equal in value on the date of grant to 50% of his or her target incentive opportunity, based on the employee’s base salary. The number of RSUs granted is determined by dividing 50% of the employee’s target incentive opportunity by 85% of the closing price of its common stock on the grant date, less the present value of expected dividends during the vesting period. If elected, the award vests 100% on the CICP payout date of the following year for all participants. Vesting is conditioned upon the performance conditions of the CICP and on continued employment; if threshold funding does not occur, the RSU will not vest. The Company considers vesting to be probable on the grant date and recognizes the associated stock-based compensation expense over the requisite service period beginning on the grant date and ending on the vesting date.

The Company grants awards that allow for the settlement of vested stock options RSUs on a net share basis (“net settled awards”). With net settled awards, the employee does not surrender any cash or shares upon exercise. Rather, the Company withholds the number of shares to cover the option exercise price (in the case of stock options) and the minimum statutory tax withholding obligations (in the case of stock options and RSUs) from the shares that would otherwise be issued upon exercise or settlement. The exercise of stock options and settlement of RSUs on a net share basis results in fewer shares issued by the Company.

Share-Based Compensation Plans:

2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended and restated)

In 2004, the Company adopted the 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the “2004 Plan”) to provide employees, non-employee Directors, and consultants with opportunities to purchase stock through incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options. Subsequent amendments to the plan in 2016 and 2011 increased the number of shares authorized for issuance under the plan to 30 million, extended the term of the plan to 2026, and limited annual compensation to any non-employee Director to $0.5 million.

As of December 31, 2017, approximately 10 million shares were subject to outstanding options and stock-based awards under the 2004 Plan.

2006 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In 2006, the Company adopted the 2006 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2006 ESPP”) pursuant to which the Company’s employees are entitled to purchase up to an aggregate of 1 million shares, of common stock at a price equal to at least 85% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on either the commencement date or completion date for offerings under the plan, whichever is less, or such higher price as the Company’s Board of Directors may establish from time to time. Until the Company’s Board of Directors determines otherwise, the Board has set the purchase price at 95% of the fair market value on the completion date of the offering period. As a result, the 2006 ESPP is non-compensatory and is tax qualified. Therefore, as of December 31, 2017, no compensation expense related to shares issued under the plan had been recognized. In October 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors amended the term of the 2006 ESPP such that it will continue until there are no shares remaining to be issued under the plan or until the plan is terminated by the Board of Directors, whichever occurs first.

As of December 31, 2017, approximately 0.4 million shares had been issued thereunder.

Shares Available for Issuance

As of December 31, 2017, there were approximately 9.2 million shares available for issuance for future equity grants under the Company’s stock plans, consisting of approximately 8.6 million shares under the 2004 Plan and approximately 0.6 million shares under the 2006 ESPP.

Equity grants, assumptions and activity

During 2017, the Company issued approximately 1.6 million shares to its employees and directors under the Company’s share-based compensation plans.

Stock Options

The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. Key inputs used to estimate the fair value of stock options include the exercise price of the award, expected term of the option, expected volatility of the Company’s common stock over the option’s expected term, risk-free interest rate over the option’s expected term, and the Company’s expected annual dividend yield. The amount of stock-based compensation recognized during a period is based on the value of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Ultimately, the Company recognizes the actual expense over the vesting period only for the shares that vest.

The weighted-average grant-date fair value for stock options granted in 2017, 2016, and 2015, was $13.79, $8.31 and $7.62 per share, respectively.

The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option valuation model are as follows:

	2017			2016			2015
Expected annual volatility (1)		35	%		40	%		45	%
Expected term in years (2)		4.5			4.4			4.5
Risk-free interest rate (3)		1.85	%		1.21	%		1.34	%
Expected annual dividend yield (4)		0.53	%		0.63	%		0.68	%

• The expected annual volatility for each grant is determined based on the average of historical daily price changes of the Company’s common stock over a period of time which approximates the expected option term.

• The expected option term for each grant is determined based on the historical exercise behavior of employees and post-vesting employment termination behavior.

• The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity that is commensurate with the expected option term at the time of grant.

• The expected annual dividend yield is based on the weighted-average of the dividend yield assumptions used for options granted during the applicable period.

The following table summarizes the combined stock option activity under the Company’s stock option plans for 2017:

	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted-average exercise price		Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years)		Aggregate intrinsic value (in thousands)
Options outstanding as of January 1, 2017		7,463		$	19.45
Granted		1,639			45.78
Exercised		(1,741	)		16.25
Forfeited		(231	)		25.30
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2017		7,130		$	26.10
Vested and expected to vest as December 31, 2017		5,926		$	25.20		7.2	$	131,599
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017		2,800		$	16.98		5.8	$	84,479

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised (i.e., the difference between the market price at exercise and the price paid by the employee at exercise) in 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $62.6 million, $19.9 million and $18.6 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and exercisable as of December 31, 2017 is based on the difference between the closing price of the Company’s stock of $47.15 and the exercise price of the applicable stock options.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the unvested portion of stock options of approximately $16.8 million that is expected to be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.2 years.

RSUs

The weighted-average grant-date fair value for RSUs granted in 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $46.07, $25.54, and $20.49, respectively.

The following table summarizes the combined RSU activity for periodic grants and the CICP under the 2004 Plan for 2017:

	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Nonvested as of January 1, 2017		3,161		$	23.39
Granted		1,148			46.07
Vested		(1,188	)		23.66
Forfeited		(220	)		27.06
Nonvested as of December 31, 2017		2,901		$	31.97	$	136,771
Expected to vest as of December 31, 2017		2,113		$	32.74	$	99,628

The fair value of RSUs vested in 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $59.0 million, $29.2 million, and $14.9 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of RSUs outstanding and expected to vest as of December 31, 2017 is based on the closing price of the Company’s stock of $47.15 on December 31, 2017.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had approximately $32.4 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to all unvested RSUs that is expected to be recognized as expense over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.1 years.

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INCOME TAXES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

INCOME TAXES

15. INCOME TAXES

Effective income tax rate

The components of income before provision for income taxes are as follows:

(in thousands)	2017		2016			2015
Domestic	$	18,605	$	37,329		$	63,124
Foreign		18,495		(2,127	)		(2,619	)
Income before provision for income taxes	$	37,100	$	35,202		$	60,505

The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:

(in thousands)	2017			2016			2015
Current:
Federal	$	(18,205	)	$	6,741		$	17,864
State		97			2,963			4,565
Foreign		8,479			4,322			3,853
Total current (benefits)/provision		(9,629	)		14,026			26,282
Deferred:
Federal		19,683			(1,120	)		2,075
State		(2,158	)		(480	)		(466	)
Foreign		(3,730	)		(4,210	)		(3,708	)
Total deferred provision/(benefit)		13,795			(5,810	)		(2,099	)
Provision for income taxes	$	4,166		$	8,216		$	24,183

The effective income tax rate differed from the statutory federal income tax rate due to the following:

	2017			2016			2015
Statutory federal income tax rate		35.0	%		35.0	%		35.0	%
Valuation allowance		1.2			0.3			0.7
Transaction costs		—			1.1			—
State income taxes, net of federal benefit and tax credits		(4.5	)		3.7			4.6
Permanent differences		2.7			2.2			1.1
Domestic production activities		—			(3.2	)		(3.1	)
Federal research and experimentation credits		(9.1	)		(2.3	)		(1.2	)
Tax effects of foreign activities		(1.1	)		5.2			2.0
Tax-exempt income		(0.3	)		(0.3	)		(0.1	)
Provision to return adjustments		(5.2	)		0.3			0.3
Non-deductible compensation		5.0			6.2			3.3
Provision for uncertain tax positions		0.7			(2.3	)		(2.6	)
Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation		(66.0	)		(20.1	)		—
Net deferred tax assets re-measurement (1)		51.8			—			—
Other		1.0			(2.5	)		—
Effective income tax rate		11.2	%		23.3	%		40.0	%

⁽¹⁾  Due to the impact of the Tax Reform Act.

On December 22, 2017, the President of the United States signed into law the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform Act”). The Tax Reform Act makes significant changes in the U.S. tax code including the following:

• reduction of the corporate federal income tax rate from 35% to 21%;

• repeal of the domestic manufacturing deduction;

• repeal of the corporate alternative minimum tax;

• a one-time transition tax on accumulated foreign earnings (if any);

• a move to a territorial tax system; and

• acceleration of business asset expensing.

In December 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for income tax effects of the Tax Reform Act. The Company has recognized the provisional tax impacts in 2017, including $20.4 million in additional income tax expense in the fourth quarter of 2017 to re-measure its deferred tax assets to the 21% enacted rate. The final amounts may differ from these provisional amounts, possibly materially, due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions the Company has made, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and actions the Company may take as a result of the Tax Reform Act.

The Tax Reform Act provided for a one-time deemed mandatory repatriation of post-1986 undistributed foreign subsidiary earnings and profits through December 31, 2017. Based on the Company’s provisional analysis performed to date, the Company does not expect to be subject to the one-time transition tax due to our foreign subsidiaries being in a net accumulated deficit position.

While the Tax Reform Act provides for a territorial tax system, beginning in 2018, it includes the following new anti-abuse provisions:

• The global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) provisions require the Company to include in its U.S. income tax base foreign subsidiary earnings in excess of an allowable return on the foreign subsidiary’s tangible assets. The Company expects that it will be subject to incremental U.S. tax resulting from GILTI inclusions beginning in 2018. However, our analysis and accounting for the effects of the GILTI provision is incomplete and an accounting policy on whether we will account for impact of GILTI inclusions in the period in which it is incurred or record deferred taxes for anticipated GILTI inclusions has not been made.

• The base-erosion and anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”) provisions in the Tax Reform Act impose an alternative minimum tax on taxpayers with substantial base-erosion payments. Our preliminary assessment is that the company will not be subject to the BEAT; however, our analysis is incomplete and we will continue to analyze the impact of the BEAT provisions to determine if these would be material to the company’s effective tax rate.

Deferred income taxes

Significant components of net deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2017			2016
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	52,311		$	69,307
Accruals and reserves		22,984			34,021
Software revenue		2,686			6,559
Depreciation		2,558			3,593
Tax credit carryforwards		13,056			8,094
Other		52			19
Total deferred tax assets		93,647			121,593
Less valuation allowances		(27,993	)		(34,054	)
Total net deferred tax assets		65,654			87,539
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangibles		(8,527	)		(17,641	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(8,527	)		(17,641	)
Deferred income taxes	$	57,127		$	69,898

Due to the Tax Reform Act U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities were re-measured from 35% to 21% resulting in an additional $20.4 million income tax expense in the fourth quarter of 2017.

The Company regularly assesses the need for a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. In making that assessment, the Company considers both positive and negative evidence related to the likelihood of realization of the deferred tax assets to determine, based on the weight of available evidence, whether it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. This determination requires significant judgment, including assumptions about future taxable income that are based on historical and projected information. The $6.1 million net change in the valuation allowance during the period primarily relates to a $7.4 million decrease due to the re-measurement our deferred income taxes to the new U.S. statutory tax rate offset by $0.8 million increase for movements in foreign exchange rates and $0.5 million valuation allowance recorded against certain state R&D credits generated in the period.

At December 31, 2017, the Company had $99.2 million and $3.3 million in federal and state net operating losses, respectively, and $3.4 million and $1.8 million in federal and state credit carryforwards, respectively. These amounts include $99.2 million and $1 million in federal and state net operating losses carryforwards, respectively, from acquisitions and $0.6 million and $0.3 million in federal and state credit carryforwards, respectively, from acquisitions. The carryforward losses and credits expire between 2018 and 2037, except for $0.6 million in state credits that have unlimited carryforward periods. The federal and state net operating losses exclude $60.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively, in net operating losses that the Company expects will expire unutilized, and the federal and state tax credits exclude $0.1 million and $6.7 million, respectively, in tax credits that the Company expects will expire unutilized.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had available $33.5 million of foreign NOLS which have an unlimited carryover period.

The Company’s India subsidiary is a development center in an area designated as a Special Economic Zone (“SEZ”) and is entitled to a tax holiday in India. The tax holiday reduces or eliminates income tax in that country and is scheduled to expire in 2022. For 2017, 2016 and 2015, the effect of the income tax holiday was to reduce the Company’s provision for income taxes by approximately $1.3 million, $1 million, and $0.9 million, respectively. The benefit of the tax holiday on net income per share (diluted) was $0.02 for 2017 and $0.01 for 2016 and 2015.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 in 2016, which required, among other things, excess tax benefits to be recorded as a reduction of the provision for income taxes, whereas they were previously recognized in equity. The Company was required to reflect any adoption adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that included the period of adoption. Upon adoption the Company recorded a $0.3 million increase to retained earnings as of January 1, 2016, with an offsetting increase to long-term deferred income tax assets.

Uncertain tax benefits and other considerations

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

(in thousands)	2017			2016			2015
Balance as of January 1,	$	22,671		$	23,972		$	43,396
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		452			80			817
Additions for tax positions of prior years		238			110			183
Additions for acquired uncertain tax benefits		—			387			—
Reductions for change in US federal tax rate		(2,424	)		—			—
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		(1,500	)		(1,541	)		(19,855	)
Reductions for a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations		(287	)		(337	)		(569	)
Balance as of December 31,	$	19,150		$	22,671		$	23,972

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had approximately $19.2 million of total unrecognized tax benefits, which would decrease the Company’s effective tax rate if recognized. The $2.4 million reduction for change in U.S. federal tax rate relates to a decrease in the uncertain tax benefits recorded against deferred tax items (e.g., net operating losses) corresponding with the re-measurement of the associated deferred tax assets to the new U.S. statutory tax rate. The $1.5 million reduction for tax positions of prior years primarily relates the lapse in the applicable statute of limitations, change in estimates, and the impact of foreign currency exchange rates. The Company expects that the changes in the unrecognized benefits within the next twelve months will be approximately $0.5 million due to a lapse of applicable statute of limitations.

The Company recognizes interest accrued and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in the income tax provision. For 2017 the Company did not recognize any significant change in net interest expense. For the 2016 and 2015, the Company recognized a decrease of approximately $0.6 million and an increase of $0.3 million, respectively, of interest expense. As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the company did not recognize any significant penalties. As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company had accrued approximately $1.5 million, $1.2 million, and $1.2 million, respectively, for interest and penalties.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions. We have no tax returns under examination by the Internal Revenue Service or state taxing authorities as of December 31, 2017. However, certain foreign jurisdictions are auditing our income tax returns for periods ranging from 2010 through 2014. The Company does not expect the results of these audits to have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. With few exceptions, the statute of limitations remains open in all jurisdictions for the tax years 2014 to the present.

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EARNINGS PER SHARE

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

EARNINGS PER SHARE

16. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the applicable period, plus the dilutive effect of outstanding options and RSUs, using the treasury stock method and the average market price of the Company’s common stock during the applicable period. Certain shares related to some of the Company’s outstanding stock options and RSUs were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because they were antidilutive in the periods presented, but could be dilutive in the future.

(in thousands except per share amounts)	2017		2016		2015
Basic
Net income	$	32,934	$	26,986	$	36,322
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		77,431		76,343		76,507
Earnings per share, basic	$	0.43	$	0.35	$	0.47
Diluted
Net income	$	32,934	$	26,986	$	36,322
Weighted-average effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options		3,471		2,025		1,601
RSUs		1,930		1,364		935
Effect of assumed exercise of stock options and RSUs		5,401		3,389		2,536
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution		82,832		79,732		79,043
Earnings per share, diluted	$	0.40	$	0.34	$	0.46
Outstanding options and RSUs excluded as impact would be antidilutive		221		322		182

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GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CLIENTS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CLIENTS

17. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CLIENTS

Geographic Information

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance.

The Company develops and licenses its strategic software applications and Pega Platform, and provides consulting services, maintenance, and training related to its offerings. The Company derives substantially all of its revenue from the sale and support of one group of similar products and services—software that provides case management, business process management, and real-time decisioning solutions to improve customer engagement and operational excellence in the enterprise applications market. To assess performance, the Company’s CODM, who is the chief executive officer, reviews financial information on a consolidated basis. Therefore, the Company determined it has one reportable segment and one reporting unit.

The Company’s international revenue is from clients based outside of the U.S. The Company derived its revenue from the following geographic areas:

(Dollars in thousands)	2017				2016				2015
U.S.	$	474,819	56	%	$	430,562	57	%	$	379,936	56	%
Other Americas		39,490	5	%		59,160	8	%		57,892	8	%
U.K.		90,817	11	%		101,733	14	%		96,314	14	%
Other EMEA (1)		130,889	16	%		92,540	12	%		87,240	13	%
Asia Pacific		104,567	12	%		66,271	9	%		61,313	9	%
	$	840,582	100	%	$	750,266	100	%	$	682,695	100	%

⁽¹⁾  Includes the Middle East, Africa, and Europe excluding the U.K.

Long-lived assets related to the Company’s U.S. and international operations were as follows:

	December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2017				2016
U.S.	$	27,590	68	%	$	27,993	73	%
India		6,703	17	%		7,158	19	%
International, other		6,066	15	%		3,130	8	%
	$	40,359	100	%	$	38,281	100	%

Major Clients

Clients accounting for 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	2017			2016		2015
Total revenue	$	840,582		$	750,266	$	682,695
Client A		10	%		*		*

Clients accounting for 10% or more of the Company’s trade accounts receivable were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	December 31,
	2017			2016
Trade accounts receivable	$	248,331		$	265,028
Client A		12	%		*

* Client accounted for less than 10% of total revenue and trade accounts receivable

The Company’s financial services, healthcare, and insurance clients as a group represent a significant amount of the Company’s revenues and receivables. However, the Company determined this concentration did not have a material impact on its allowance for sales credit memos as of December 31, 2017

In addition to accounts receivable, the Company is potentially subject to concentrations of credit risk from the Company’s cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are generally held with large, diverse financial institutions worldwide to reduce the credit risk exposure. Investment policies have been implemented that limit purchases of marketable debt securities to investment-grade securities. Note 3 “Marketable Securities” and Note 5 “Fair Value Measurements” for further discussion.

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EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

18. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The Company sponsors defined contribution plans for quantifying employees, including a 401(k) plan in the United States to which the Company makes discretionary matching contributions.

The following expenses related to defined contribution plans were recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations:

(in thousands)	2017		2016		2015
U.S. 401(k) Plan	$	5,003	$	4,510	$	4,061
International Plans		9,096		7,635		6,428
	$	14,099	$	12,145	$	10,489

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SELECTED QUARTERLY INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

SELECTED QUARTERLY INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)

19. SELECTED QUARTERLY INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)

	2017
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	1st Quarter		2nd Quarter		3rd Quarter			4th Quarter
Revenue	$	223,247	$	197,980	$	179,815		$	239,540
Gross profit		155,157		130,105		110,084			165,563
Income/(loss) from operations		31,238		1,750		(14,289	)		19,961
Income/(loss) before provision for income taxes		31,800		1,560		(14,697	)		18,437
Net income/(loss)		27,021		11,406		(1,812	)		(3,681	)
Net income/(loss) per share, basic	$	0.35	$	0.15	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.04	)
Net income/(loss) per share, diluted	$	0.33	$	0.14	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.04	)

	2016 (1)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	1st Quarter		2nd Quarter		3rd Quarter		4th Quarter
Revenue	$	178,858	$	188,996	$	182,802	$	199,610
Gross profit		122,348		128,896		122,365		137,401
Income from operations		14,125		6,360		5,498		11,776
Income before provision for income taxes		13,493		5,498		5,515		10,696
Net income		10,400		4,536		3,301		8,749
Net income per share, basic	$	0.14	$	0.06	$	0.04	$	0.11
Net income per share, diluted	$	0.13	$	0.06	$	0.04	$	0.11

⁽¹⁾  The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2016-09 in the fourth quarter of 2016, which requires, among other things, excess tax benefits to be recorded as a reduction of the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations, whereas they were previously recognized in equity. The Company is required to reflect any adoption adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the period of adoption. As such, certain information above includes the impact of the ASU 2016-09 adoption.

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition

The Company’s revenue is derived primarily from software licenses, cloud arrangements, maintenance fees related to the Company’s software licenses, and consulting services. The Company’s license arrangements, whether involving a perpetual license or a term license, generally also contain multiple elements, including consulting services, training, and software maintenance services.

Software revenue recognition requires judgment, including whether a software arrangement includes multiple elements, and if so, whether vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value exists for those elements. The amount of arrangement consideration allocated to undelivered elements is based on the VSOE of fair value for those elements and recognized as those elements are delivered. Any remaining portion of the total arrangement fee is allocated to the software license—the first delivered element. Revenue is recognized for each element when all of the revenue recognition criteria have been met. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from clients and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.

Changes in the mix of the elements in a software arrangement, the ability to identify VSOE for those elements, the fair value of the respective elements, and changes to a product’s estimated life cycle could materially impact the amount of earned and unearned revenue.

Before the Company can recognize revenue, the following four basic criteria must be met:

• Persuasive evidence of an arrangement—As evidence of the existence of an arrangement, the Company uses a contract or purchase order signed by the client and the Company for software, including cloud, and maintenance, and a statement of work for consulting services. In the event the client is a reseller, the Company ensures a binding agreement exists between the reseller and end user of the software.

• Delivery of product and services—The Company delivers its software electronically and/or ships it via disc media. Services are considered delivered as the work is performed or, in the case of maintenance, over the contractual service period.

• Fee is fixed or determinable—The Company assesses whether a fee is fixed or determinable at the onset of the arrangement. In addition, the Company assesses whether contract modifications to an existing arrangement constitute a concession or whether extended payment terms exist. The Company’s agreements do not include a right of return.

• Collection of fee is probable—The Company assesses the probability of collecting from each client at the onset of the arrangement based on a number of factors, including the client’s payment history, its current creditworthiness, economic conditions in the client’s industry and geographic location, and general economic conditions. If, in the Company’s judgment, collection of a fee is not probable, revenue is recognized as cash is collected, provided all other conditions for revenue recognition have been met.

Software license revenues

Perpetual software license fees are recognized as revenue when the software is delivered, any acceptance required by the contract that is not perfunctory is obtained, no significant obligations or contingencies exist related to the software, all other undelivered elements in a multiple element arrangement possess VSOE, and all other revenue recognition criteria are met.

Term software license fees are usually payable on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis under license agreements that typically have a three to five-year term and may be renewed for additional terms at the client’s option. The Company recognizes term license revenue over the term of the agreement as payments become due or earlier if prepaid, provided all other criteria for revenue recognition have been met.

Maintenance revenues

First-year maintenance typically is sold with the related software license and renewed on an annual basis thereafter. Maintenance revenue is deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the support period, which is generally one year and subject to annual renewals. Perpetual software maintenance obligations are based on separately stated renewal rates in the arrangement that are substantive and therefore represent VSOE of fair value. Term license arrangements include separately stated maintenance fees and the Company uses stand-alone sales to determine VSOE of fair value.

Services revenues

The Company’s services revenue is comprised of fees for consulting services including software implementation, training, reimbursable expenses, and for sales of its Pega Cloud as-a-platform offering (“Pega Cloud”), which includes the Pega Cloud Dev/Test environment and the Pega Cloud Production environment. Consulting services may be provided on a “stand-alone” basis or bundled with a license and software maintenance services.

Revenue from training services and consulting services under time and materials contracts is recognized as services are performed. The Company has VSOE of fair value for its training services and consulting services under time and materials contracts in the Americas, Europe, and certain regions of Asia.

Consulting services may sometimes be provided on a fixed-price basis. The Company does not have VSOE of fair value for fixed-price services or time and materials services in certain geographical regions. When these services are part of a multiple element arrangement, and the services are not essential to the functionality of the software, and when services, including maintenance, are the only undelivered element, the Company recognizes the revenue from the total arrangement ratably over the longer of the software maintenance period or the service period. Revenue from fixed-price services that are not bundled with a software license is generally recognized ratably over the service period, which is typically less than four months.

Revenue from stand-alone sales of the Pega Cloud Dev/Test environment is recognized as services are performed because the Company has VSOE of fair value.

Revenue from stand-alone sales of the Pega Cloud Production environment is recognized ratably over the term of the service. When implementation services are sold together with the Company’s Pega Cloud offering and these services have stand-alone value to the client, the Company accounts for these services separately from this offering. Stand-alone value is established through the client’s ability to buy these services from many trained partner system integrators and from transactions sold independently from the sale of Pega Cloud. Since these multiple-element arrangements are not software license sales, the Company applies a selling price hierarchy to determine the fair value of each element in the arrangement. Under the selling price hierarchy, each element’s fair value is determined based on its VSOE, if available. If VSOE does not exist, third-party evidence of fair value (“TPE”) will be considered, and estimated selling price (“ESP”) will be used if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. The Company generally does not have VSOE of its Pega Cloud offering and is not able to determine TPE as its sales strategy is customized to the needs of its clients and the Company’s products and services are dissimilar to comparable products or services in the marketplace. In determining ESP, the Company applies significant judgment as it weighs a variety of factors, based on the facts and circumstances of the arrangement. The Company typically arrives at an ESP for a service without VSOE or TPE by considering company-specific factors such as geographies, competitive landscape, and pricing practices used to establish bundled pricing and discounting.

Deferred revenue

Deferred software license revenue typically results from client billings for which all of the criteria to recognize revenue have not been met. Deferred maintenance revenue represents software license updates and product support contracts that are typically billed in advance and are recognized ratably over the support periods. Deferred services revenue represents advanced billings for consulting, hosting, and training services that are recognized as the services are performed.

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value of financial instruments

The principal financial instruments held by the Company consist of cash equivalents, marketable securities, derivative instruments, accounts receivable, and accounts payable. See Note 3 “Marketable Securities”, Note 4 “Derivative Instruments”, and Note 5 “Fair Value Measurements” for further discussion of financial instruments that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis.

Derivative instruments

Derivative instruments

The Company has in the past used, but does not currently use, foreign currency forward contracts (“forward contracts”) to manage its exposures to changes in foreign currency exchange rates associated with its foreign currency denominated accounts receivable, intercompany receivable and payables, and cash. See Note 4 “Derivative Instruments” for further discussion.

Property and equipment

Property and equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are three years for computer equipment and five years for furniture and fixtures. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the term of the lease or the useful life of the asset. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

Internal-use software

Internal-use software

The Company capitalizes and amortizes certain direct costs associated with computer software developed or purchased for internal use incurred during the application development stage. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred. The Company amortizes capitalized software costs generally over three to five years commencing on the date the software is placed into service.

During 2016, the Company placed into service computer software developed for internal use of $11.3 million, of which $1.1 million was capitalized in 2015 and $10.2 million was capitalized in 2016.

Goodwill

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the residual purchase price paid in a business combination after the fair value of all identified assets and liabilities have been recorded. Goodwill is not amortized. The Company operates as a single reporting unit. The Company performed its qualitative assessment as of November 30, 2017, 2016, and 2015, and concluded it was not more likely than not that the fair value of its reporting unit was less than its carrying value.

Intangible and long-lived assets

Intangible and long-lived assets

All of the Company’s intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful life. The Company evaluates its long-lived tangible and intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be recoverable. Impairment is assessed by comparing the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the intangible asset to its carrying value. If impairment exists, the Company calculates the impairment by comparing the carrying value of the intangible asset to its fair value as determined by discounted expected cash flows. The Company did not record any impairments in 2017, 2016, or 2015.

Business combinations

Business combinations

The Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to accurately assign fair value to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. The Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. During the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill. In addition, uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances are initially established in connection with a business combination as of the acquisition date. The Company continues to collect information and reevaluates these estimates and assumptions quarterly and records any adjustments to the Company’s preliminary estimates to goodwill provided that the Company is within the measurement period. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the fair value of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Research and development and software development costs

Research and development and software development costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalization of computer software developed for resale begins upon the establishment of technological feasibility, generally demonstrated by a working model or an operative version of the computer software product. Such costs have not been material to date as technological feasibility is established within a short time frame from the software’s general availability and, as a result, no costs were capitalized in 2017, 2016, or 2015.

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation

The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense associated with equity awards based on the fair value of these awards at the grant date. Stock-based compensation is recognized over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the equity award, and is adjusted each period for anticipated forfeitures. See Note 14 “Stock-based Compensation” for discussion of the Company’s key assumptions included in determining the fair value of its equity awards at the grant date.

Foreign currency translation

Foreign currency translation

The translation of assets and liabilities for the Company’s subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. Dollar are made at period-end exchange rates. Revenue and expense accounts are translated at the average exchange rates during the period transactions occurred. The resulting translation adjustments are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized and unrealized exchange gains or losses from transactions and remeasurement adjustments are reflected in foreign currency transaction loss in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Accounting for income taxes

Accounting for income taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company regularly assesses the need for a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. Future realization of the Company’s deferred tax assets ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income within the available carryback or carryforward periods. Sources of taxable income include taxable income in prior carryback years, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, tax planning strategies, and future taxable income. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets to an amount it believes is more-likely-than-not to be realized. Changes in the valuation allowance impacts income tax expense in the period of adjustment. The Company’s deferred tax valuation allowance requires significant judgment and uncertainties, including assumptions about future taxable income that are based on historical and projected information. The Company recognizes excess tax benefits when they are realized, through a reduction in income taxes payable using the with-and-without stock option method.

The Company assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances, and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company records the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority having full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit is recognized in the financial statements. The Company classifies liabilities for uncertain tax positions as non-current liabilities unless the uncertainty is expected to be resolved within one year. The Company classifies interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as income tax expense.

As a global company, the Company uses significant judgment to calculate and provide for income taxes in each of the tax jurisdictions in which it operates. In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, there are transactions and calculations undertaken whose ultimate tax outcome cannot be certain. Some of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of transfer pricing for transactions with the Company’s subsidiaries and nexus and tax credit estimates. In addition, the calculation of acquired tax attributes and the associated limitations are complex. See Note 15 “Income Taxes” for further information.

Advertising expense

Advertising expense

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were $6.1 million, $8.9 million, and $9.8 million during 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.

New accounting pronouncements

New accounting pronouncements

Stock-Based Compensation

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-09 “Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Scope of Modification Accounting” to clarify when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions, or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. The effective date for the Company will be January 1, 2018. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material effect on its financial position or results of operations.

Financial Instruments

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which requires measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost, including trade accounts receivable, upon initial recognition of that financial asset using a forward-looking expected loss model, rather than an incurred loss model for credit losses. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities should be recorded through an allowance for credit losses when the fair value is below the amortized cost of the asset, removing the concept of “other-than-temporary” impairments. The effective date for the Company will be January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheets, recognizing a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The effective date for the Company will be January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The Company expects that most of its operating lease commitments will be subject to this ASU and recognized as operating lease liabilities and right-of-use assets upon adoption with no material impact to its results of operations and cash flows.

Revenue

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”. This ASU amends the guidance for revenue recognition, creating the new ASC Topic 606 (“ASC 606”). ASC 606 requires entities to apportion consideration from contracts to performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis, based on a five-step model. Under ASC 606, revenue is recognized when a client obtains control of a promised good or service and is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for the good or service. In addition, ASC 606 requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with clients.

The Company has elected the full retrospective adoption model, effective January 1, 2018. The Company’s quarterly results beginning with the quarter ending March 31, 2018 and comparative prior periods will be compliant with ASC 606. The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 will be the Company’s first Annual Report that will be issued in compliance with ASC 606.

The Company has substantially completed the implementation of ASC 606 and has identified the necessary changes to its policies, processes, systems, and controls. However, due to the complex nature of the Company’s arrangements and recent updates to interpretive guidance, which were made as recently as the fall of 2017, the Company has not yet completed all of its internal control procedures.

Based upon the work performed to date, the Company expects to record a cumulative-effect adjustment as of December 31, 2015 to increase retained earnings by approximately $205 million which includes a $30 million increase in retained earnings due to deferred commission expense and a $97 million decrease in retained earnings due to the resulting tax impact. We expect to fully disclose the impacts of the new standard in connection with our 10Q filing for the first quarter of 2018.

The Company expects the following impacts upon adoption of the standard:

• Currently, the Company recognizes revenue from term licenses and perpetual licenses with extended payment terms over the term of the agreement as payments become due or earlier if prepaid, provided all other criteria for revenue recognition have been met, and any corresponding maintenance over the term of the agreement. The adoption of ASC 606 will result in revenue for performance obligations being recognized as they are satisfied, which will typically occur upon delivery. Therefore, revenue from the term and perpetual license performance obligations with extended payment terms is recognized when control is transferred to the client. Any unrecognized license revenue from these arrangements, included in deferred revenue at December 31, 2015, will not be recognized in revenue in future periods but as a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings. Further, term license revenue from new arrangements executed in 2016 and 2017 will be recognized in full in the year that control of the license is transferred to the client instead of over the term of the agreement. Revenue from the maintenance performance obligations is expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over the contractual term, consistent with the previous treatment. Due to the revenue from term and perpetual licenses with extended payment terms being recognized prior to amounts being billed to the client, the Company expects to recognize a material unbilled receivable on the balance sheet.

• Currently, the Company allocates revenue to licenses under the residual method when it has Vendor Specific Objective Evidence (“VSOE”) for the remaining undelivered elements, which allocates any future credits or significant discounts entirely to the license. The adoption of ASC 606 will result in future credits, significant discounts, and material rights under ASC 606, generally allocated to all performance obligations based upon their relative selling price. Under ASC 606, additional license revenue from the reallocation of such arrangement considerations will be recognized when control is transferred to the client, which is generally upon delivery of the license.

• Currently, the Company does not have VSOE, in software bundled arrangements, for fixed price services, time and materials services in certain geographical areas, and unspecified future products, which results in revenue being deferred in such instances until such time as VSOE exists for all undelivered elements or recognized ratably over the longest performance period. The adoption of ASC 606 eliminates the requirement for VSOE and replaces it with the concept of a stand-alone selling price. Once the transaction price is allocated to each of the performance obligations based on their relative stand-alone selling prices, the Company can recognize revenue as the performance obligations are delivered, either at a point in time or over time. Under ASC 606, license revenue will be recognized when control is transferred to the client, consulting revenue will be recognized over time based on input measures that reflect the Company’s performance on the contract. This will result in the acceleration of consulting revenue when compared to the current practice of ratable recognition for consulting when there is a lack of VSOE.

• Sales commissions and other third party acquisition costs resulting directly from securing contracts with clients are currently expensed when incurred. ASC 340-40 “Accounting for Other Assets and Deferred Costs” will require these costs to be recognized as an asset when incurred and to be expensed over the associated contract term or estimated client life depending on the nature of the underlying contract. The Company expects this change to impact its commissions related to multi-year cloud offerings and term and perpetual licenses with additional rights of use that extend beyond one year which will require the allocation of a portion of the commission paid for term and perpetual licenses to future maintenance obligations when the commission rates within each arrangement are not commensurate. This change will impact retained earnings as of December 31, 2015 but will not have a significant impact in future periods.

• ASC 606 provides additional accounting guidance for contract modifications whereby changes must be accounted for either as a retrospective change (creating either a catch up or deferral of past revenues), prospectively with a reallocation of revenues amongst identified performance obligations, or prospectively as separate contracts which will not require any reallocation. This may result in a difference in the timing of the recognition of revenue as compared to how contract modifications are recognized currently.

• There will be a corresponding effect on tax liabilities in relation to all of the above impacts.

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MARKETABLE SECURITIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Schedule of Marketable Securities

(in thousands)	December 31, 2017
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Municipal bonds	$	32,996	$	—	$	(148	)	$	32,848
Corporate bonds		28,757		1		(137	)		28,621
	$	61,753	$	1	$	(285	)	$	61,469

(in thousands)	December 31, 2016
	Amortized Cost		Unrealized Gains		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Municipal bonds	$	36,746	$	—	$	(139	)	$	36,607
Corporate bonds		26,610		1		(51	)		26,560
	$	63,356	$	1	$	(190	)	$	63,167

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DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Fair Value of Company Outstanding Forward Contracts

The fair value of the Company’s outstanding forward contracts was as follows:

(in thousands)	December 31, 2016
	Recorded In:		Fair Value
Asset Derivatives
Foreign currency forward contracts		Other current assets	$	628
Liability Derivatives
Foreign currency forward contracts		Accrued expenses	$	883

Forward Contracts Outstanding with Total Notional Values

The Company had forward contracts outstanding with total notional values as of December 31, 2016 as follows:

(in thousands)
Euro	€	29,820
British pound	£	6,440
Australian dollar	A$	22,010
United States dollar	$	73,125

Change in Fair Value of Forward Contracts

The income statement impact of the Company’s outstanding forward contracts and foreign currency transactions was as follows:

	2017			2016			2015
Gain (loss) from the change in the fair value of forward contracts included in other expense, net	$	286		$	(5,643	)	$	(1,047	)
Foreign currency transaction (losses) gains from the remeasurement of foreign currency assets and liabilities		(900	)		2,247			(4,168	)

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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

The Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following:

(in thousands)	Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using						Total
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
December 31, 2017
Fair Value Assets:
Cash equivalents (1)	$	2,720	$	40,051	$	—	$	42,771
Marketable securities:
Municipal bonds	$	—	$	32,848	$	—	$	32,848
Corporate bonds		—		28,621		—		28,621
Total marketable securities	$	—	$	61,469	$	—	$	61,469
Investments in privately-held companies (2)	$	—	$	—	$	1,030	$	1,030
December 31, 2016
Fair Value Assets:
Money market funds (1)	$	458	$	—	$	—	$	458
Marketable securities:
Municipal bonds	$	—	$	36,607	$	—	$	36,607
Corporate bonds		—		26,560		—		26,560
Total marketable securities	$	—	$	63,167	$	—	$	63,167
Foreign currency forward contracts	$	—	$	628	$	—	$	628
Fair Value Liabilities:
Foreign currency forward contracts	$	—	$	883	$	—	$	883

⁽¹⁾  Included in cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets.

⁽²⁾  Included in other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

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TRADE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET OF ALLOWANCE (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Schedule of Trade Accounts Receivable

Unbilled trade accounts receivable primarily relate to services earned under time and materials arrangements and to license, maintenance, and cloud arrangements that have commenced or been delivered in excess of scheduled invoicing.

(in thousands)	December 31,
	2017			2016
Trade accounts receivable	$	225,923		$	234,473
Unbilled accounts receivable		30,063			34,681
Total accounts receivable		255,986			269,154
Allowance for sales credit memos		(7,655	)		(4,126	)
	$	248,331		$	265,028

Activity of Allowance for Sales Credit Memos

The following reflects the activity of the allowance for sales credit memos:

(in thousands)	2017			2016			2015
Balance at beginning of year	$	4,126		$	4,631		$	1,540
Provision for credit memos		7,052			3,290			8,005
Credit memos issued		(3,523	)		(3,795	)		(4,914	)
	$	7,655		$	4,126		$	4,631

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PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Property and Equipment

(in thousands)	December 31,
	2017			2016
Leasehold improvements	$	38,650		$	32,852
Computer equipment		23,783			21,522
Furniture and fixtures		8,517			6,127
Computer software purchased		6,690			6,083
Computer software developed for internal use		12,596			12,069
Fixed assets in progress		2,167			772
		92,403			79,425
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(52,044	)		(41,144	)
Property and equipment, net	$	40,359		$	38,281

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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill:

(in thousands)	2017			2016
Balance as of January 1,	$	73,164		$	46,776
Acquisitions		—			26,689
Purchase price adjustments to goodwill		(354	)		—
Translation adjustments		142			(301	)
Balance as of December 31,	$	72,952		$	73,164

Schedule of Amortizable Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are recorded at cost and are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.

(in thousands)	Range of Useful Lives		Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net book value
December 31, 2017
Client related intangibles		9-10 years	$	63,164	$	(44,835	)	$	18,329
Technology		7-10 years		58,942		(45,372	)		13,570
Other intangibles		—		5,361		(5,361	)		—
Total			$	127,467	$	(95,568	)	$	31,899
December 31, 2016
Client related intangibles		4-10 years	$	63,091	$	(37,573	)	$	25,518
Technology		3-10 years		58,942		(40,269	)		18,673
Other intangibles		—		5,361		(5,361	)		—
Total			$	127,394	$	(83,203	)	$	44,191

Amortization Expense of Acquired Intangibles

Amortization expense of acquired intangibles was reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as follows:

(in thousands)	2017		2016		2015
Cost of revenue	$	5,103	$	5,986	$	5,392
Selling and marketing		7,235		7,145		6,127
General and administrative		—		277		683
	$	12,338	$	13,408	$	12,202

Estimated Future Amortization Expense Related to Intangible Assets

Future estimated amortization expense related to intangible assets as of December 31, 2017 was as follows:

(in thousands)	Future estimated amortization expense
2018	$	11,345
2019		5,553
2020		2,657
2021		2,633
2022 and thereafter		9,711
	$	31,899

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ACCRUED EXPENSES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Schedule of Accrued Expenses

(in thousands)	December 31,
	2017		2016
Outside professional services	$	14,468	$	10,204
Income and other taxes		7,420		10,422
Marketing and sales program expenses		6,444		3,707
Dividends payable		2,344		2,298
Employee related expenses		4,065		3,806
Other		10,767		6,314
	$	45,508	$	36,751

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DEFERRED REVENUE (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Schedule of Deferred Revenue

(in thousands)	December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016
Term license	$	16,853	$	15,843
Perpetual license		19,277		23,189
Maintenance		126,083		112,397
Cloud		23,276		13,604
Consulting and Training		9,584		10,614
Current deferred revenue		195,073		175,647
Perpetual license		2,568		7,909
Maintenance		2,745		1,802
Cloud		1,278		1,278
Long-term deferred revenue		6,591		10,989
	$	201,664	$	186,636

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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases

As of December 31, 2017, the Company’s future minimum rental payments required under operating leases with noncancellable terms in excess of one year were as follows:

(in thousands)	Operating Leases (1)
2018	$	15,395
2019		13,881
2020		12,737
2021		11,066
2022 and thereafter		18,896
	$	71,975

⁽¹⁾ Operating leases include future minimum rent payments, net of estimated sublease income for facilities that the Company has vacated pursuant to its restructuring activities.

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STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Summary of Repurchase Activity under Repurchase Programs

(in thousands)	2017					2016					2015
	Shares		Amount			Shares		Amount			Shares		Amount
Authorization remaining, beginning of period			$	39,385				$	40,534				$	13,284
Authorizations				—					25,879					50,000
Repurchases paid		96		(4,335	)		1,078		(27,028	)		944		(22,530	)
Repurchases unsettled		3		(158	)		—		—			8		(220	)
Authorization remaining, end of period			$	34,892				$	39,385				$	40,534

Summary of Dividends Declared Per Share

(per share)	2017		2016		2015
Dividends Declared	$	0.12	$	0.12	$	0.12

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STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Stock-Based Compensation Expense Included in Consolidated Statements of Operations

The following table presents the stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations:

(in thousands)	2017			2016			2015
Cost of revenues	$	14,573		$	11,459		$	8,772
Selling and marketing		15,720			12,464			8,911
Research and development		13,618			10,043			8,116
General and administrative		9,402			6,513			4,255
Acquisition-related		—			342			—
Total stock-based compensation before tax	$	53,313		$	40,821		$	30,054
Income tax benefit	$	(12,113	)	$	(12,198	)	$	(8,098	)

Weighted-Average Assumptions Used in Black-Scholes Option Valuation Model

The weighted-average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option valuation model are as follows:

	2017			2016			2015
Expected annual volatility (1)		35	%		40	%		45	%
Expected term in years (2)		4.5			4.4			4.5
Risk-free interest rate (3)		1.85	%		1.21	%		1.34	%
Expected annual dividend yield (4)		0.53	%		0.63	%		0.68	%

• The expected annual volatility for each grant is determined based on the average of historical daily price changes of the Company’s common stock over a period of time which approximates the expected option term.

• The expected option term for each grant is determined based on the historical exercise behavior of employees and post-vesting employment termination behavior.

• The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity that is commensurate with the expected option term at the time of grant.

• The expected annual dividend yield is based on the weighted-average of the dividend yield assumptions used for options granted during the applicable period.

Combined Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes the combined stock option activity under the Company’s stock option plans for 2017:

	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted-average exercise price		Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years)		Aggregate intrinsic value (in thousands)
Options outstanding as of January 1, 2017		7,463		$	19.45
Granted		1,639			45.78
Exercised		(1,741	)		16.25
Forfeited		(231	)		25.30
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2017		7,130		$	26.10
Vested and expected to vest as December 31, 2017		5,926		$	25.20		7.2	$	131,599
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017		2,800		$	16.98		5.8	$	84,479

Combined Restricted Stock Units Activity

The weighted-average grant-date fair value for RSUs granted in 2017, 2016, and 2015 was $46.07, $25.54, and $20.49, respectively.

The following table summarizes the combined RSU activity for periodic grants and the CICP under the 2004 Plan for 2017:

	Shares (in thousands)			Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Nonvested as of January 1, 2017		3,161		$	23.39
Granted		1,148			46.07
Vested		(1,188	)		23.66
Forfeited		(220	)		27.06
Nonvested as of December 31, 2017		2,901		$	31.97	$	136,771
Expected to vest as of December 31, 2017		2,113		$	32.74	$	99,628

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INCOME TAXES (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Components of Income before Provision for Income Taxes

The components of income before provision for income taxes are as follows:

(in thousands)	2017		2016			2015
Domestic	$	18,605	$	37,329		$	63,124
Foreign		18,495		(2,127	)		(2,619	)
Income before provision for income taxes	$	37,100	$	35,202		$	60,505

Components of Provision for Income Taxes

The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:

(in thousands)	2017			2016			2015
Current:
Federal	$	(18,205	)	$	6,741		$	17,864
State		97			2,963			4,565
Foreign		8,479			4,322			3,853
Total current (benefits)/provision		(9,629	)		14,026			26,282
Deferred:
Federal		19,683			(1,120	)		2,075
State		(2,158	)		(480	)		(466	)
Foreign		(3,730	)		(4,210	)		(3,708	)
Total deferred provision/(benefit)		13,795			(5,810	)		(2,099	)
Provision for income taxes	$	4,166		$	8,216		$	24,183

Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate from Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate

The effective income tax rate differed from the statutory federal income tax rate due to the following:

	2017			2016			2015
Statutory federal income tax rate		35.0	%		35.0	%		35.0	%
Valuation allowance		1.2			0.3			0.7
Transaction costs		—			1.1			—
State income taxes, net of federal benefit and tax credits		(4.5	)		3.7			4.6
Permanent differences		2.7			2.2			1.1
Domestic production activities		—			(3.2	)		(3.1	)
Federal research and experimentation credits		(9.1	)		(2.3	)		(1.2	)
Tax effects of foreign activities		(1.1	)		5.2			2.0
Tax-exempt income		(0.3	)		(0.3	)		(0.1	)
Provision to return adjustments		(5.2	)		0.3			0.3
Non-deductible compensation		5.0			6.2			3.3
Provision for uncertain tax positions		0.7			(2.3	)		(2.6	)
Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation		(66.0	)		(20.1	)		—
Net deferred tax assets re-measurement (1)		51.8			—			—
Other		1.0			(2.5	)		—
Effective income tax rate		11.2	%		23.3	%		40.0	%

⁽¹⁾  Due to the impact of the Tax Reform Act.

Components of Net Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Significant components of net deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

	December 31,
(in thousands)	2017			2016
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	52,311		$	69,307
Accruals and reserves		22,984			34,021
Software revenue		2,686			6,559
Depreciation		2,558			3,593
Tax credit carryforwards		13,056			8,094
Other		52			19
Total deferred tax assets		93,647			121,593
Less valuation allowances		(27,993	)		(34,054	)
Total net deferred tax assets		65,654			87,539
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangibles		(8,527	)		(17,641	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(8,527	)		(17,641	)
Deferred income taxes	$	57,127		$	69,898

Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Balances of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the total amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

(in thousands)	2017			2016			2015
Balance as of January 1,	$	22,671		$	23,972		$	43,396
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year		452			80			817
Additions for tax positions of prior years		238			110			183
Additions for acquired uncertain tax benefits		—			387			—
Reductions for change in US federal tax rate		(2,424	)		—			—
Reductions for tax positions of prior years		(1,500	)		(1,541	)		(19,855	)
Reductions for a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations		(287	)		(337	)		(569	)
Balance as of December 31,	$	19,150		$	22,671		$	23,972

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EARNINGS PER SHARE (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Summary of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

(in thousands except per share amounts)	2017		2016		2015
Basic
Net income	$	32,934	$	26,986	$	36,322
Weighted-average common shares outstanding		77,431		76,343		76,507
Earnings per share, basic	$	0.43	$	0.35	$	0.47
Diluted
Net income	$	32,934	$	26,986	$	36,322
Weighted-average effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options		3,471		2,025		1,601
RSUs		1,930		1,364		935
Effect of assumed exercise of stock options and RSUs		5,401		3,389		2,536
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution		82,832		79,732		79,043
Earnings per share, diluted	$	0.40	$	0.34	$	0.46
Outstanding options and RSUs excluded as impact would be antidilutive		221		322		182

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GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION AND MAJOR CLIENTS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Revenue by Geographic Area

The Company’s international revenue is from clients based outside of the U.S. The Company derived its revenue from the following geographic areas:

(Dollars in thousands)	2017				2016				2015
U.S.	$	474,819	56	%	$	430,562	57	%	$	379,936	56	%
Other Americas		39,490	5	%		59,160	8	%		57,892	8	%
U.K.		90,817	11	%		101,733	14	%		96,314	14	%
Other EMEA (1)		130,889	16	%		92,540	12	%		87,240	13	%
Asia Pacific		104,567	12	%		66,271	9	%		61,313	9	%
	$	840,582	100	%	$	750,266	100	%	$	682,695	100	%

⁽¹⁾  Includes the Middle East, Africa, and Europe excluding the U.K.

Long-Lived Assets by Geographic Area

Long-lived assets related to the Company’s U.S. and international operations were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	December 31,
	2017				2016
U.S.	$	27,590	68	%	$	27,993	73	%
India		6,703	17	%		7,158	19	%
International, other		6,066	15	%		3,130	8	%
	$	40,359	100	%	$	38,281	100	%

Total Revenue of Major Clients

Clients accounting for 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	2017			2016		2015
Total revenue	$	840,582		$	750,266	$	682,695
Client A		10	%		*		*

Total Trade Accounts Receivable of Major Clients

Clients accounting for 10% or more of the Company’s trade accounts receivable were as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)	December 31,
	2017			2016
Trade accounts receivable	$	248,331		$	265,028
Client A		12	%		*

* Client accounted for less than 10% of total revenue and trade accounts receivable

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EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Summary of Defined Contribution Plans Expenses

The following expenses related to defined contribution plans were recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations:

(in thousands)	2017		2016		2015
U.S. 401(k) Plan	$	5,003	$	4,510	$	4,061
International Plans		9,096		7,635		6,428
	$	14,099	$	12,145	$	10,489

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SELECTED QUARTERLY INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Summary of Selected Quarterly Information

	2017
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	1st Quarter		2nd Quarter		3rd Quarter			4th Quarter
Revenue	$	223,247	$	197,980	$	179,815		$	239,540
Gross profit		155,157		130,105		110,084			165,563
Income/(loss) from operations		31,238		1,750		(14,289	)		19,961
Income/(loss) before provision for income taxes		31,800		1,560		(14,697	)		18,437
Net income/(loss)		27,021		11,406		(1,812	)		(3,681	)
Net income/(loss) per share, basic	$	0.35	$	0.15	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.04	)
Net income/(loss) per share, diluted	$	0.33	$	0.14	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.04	)

	2016 (1)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	1st Quarter		2nd Quarter		3rd Quarter		4th Quarter
Revenue	$	178,858	$	188,996	$	182,802	$	199,610
Gross profit		122,348		128,896		122,365		137,401
Income from operations		14,125		6,360		5,498		11,776
Income before provision for income taxes		13,493		5,498		5,515		10,696
Net income		10,400		4,536		3,301		8,749
Net income per share, basic	$	0.14	$	0.06	$	0.04	$	0.11
Net income per share, diluted	$	0.13	$	0.06	$	0.04	$	0.11

⁽¹⁾  The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2016-09 in the fourth quarter of 2016, which requires, among other things, excess tax benefits to be recorded as a reduction of the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations, whereas they were previously recognized in equity. The Company is required to reflect any adoption adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the period of adoption. As such, certain information above includes the impact of the ASU 2016-09 adoption.

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Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Computer software developed for internal use into service			$ 11,300,000
Impairments recognized on assets		$ 0	0	$ 0
More-likely-than-not benefit likelihood percentage being realized upon ultimate settlement with taxing authority resulting from sustainability of tax examination		50.00%
Advertising costs		$ 6,100,000	8,900,000	9,800,000
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2014-09			321,000
Equipment
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, average useful life, years		3 years
Furniture and fixtures
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, average useful life, years		5 years
Research and Development and Software Development Costs
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Computer software capitalized during period		$ 0	0	0
Internal Use Software [Member]
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Computer software capitalized during period			10,200,000	$ 1,100,000
Retained Earnings
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2014-09			$ 321,000
Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 | Retained Earnings | Expected Incremental Expense
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2014-09	$ 205,000,000
Increase in retained earnings due to deferred commission expense	30,000,000
Decrease in retained earnings due to the resulting tax impact	$ (97,000,000)
Minimum | Capitalized Computer Software
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, average useful life, years		3 years
Maximum | Capitalized Computer Software
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property and equipment, average useful life, years		5 years
Software Licenses | Minimum
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Term of license agreements		3 years
Software Licenses | Maximum
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Term of license agreements		5 years
Maintenance
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Deferred revenue, period of recognition		1 year
Professional Services Revenues | Maximum
Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Deferred revenue, period of recognition		4 years

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Schedule of Marketable Securities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	$ 61,753	$ 63,356
Unrealized Gains	1	1
Unrealized Losses	(285)	(190)
Fair Value	61,469	63,167
Municipal bonds
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	32,996	36,746
Unrealized Losses	(148)	(139)
Fair Value	32,848	36,607
Corporate bonds
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Amortized Cost	28,757	26,610
Unrealized Gains	1	1
Unrealized Losses	(137)	(51)
Fair Value	$ 28,621	$ 26,560

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Marketable Securities - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Weighted-average remaining maturity period of marketable debt securities, months	12 months
Minimum
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Remaining maturities of marketable debt securities	2017-10
Maximum
Schedule of Available-for-sale Securities [Line Items]
Remaining maturities of marketable debt securities	2020-09

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Derivative Instruments - Additional Information (Detail) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Foreign Exchange Forward
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional value	$ 128.4

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Fair Value of Company Outstanding Forward Contracts (Detail) - Foreign Exchange Forward $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)
Accrued expenses
Derivative [Line Items]
Liability Derivatives	$ 883
Other current assets
Derivative [Line Items]
Asset Derivatives	$ 628

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Forward Contracts Outstanding with Total Notional Values (Detail) - Dec. 31, 2016 - Foreign Exchange Forward € in Thousands, £ in Thousands, AUD in Thousands, $ in Thousands	USD ($)	AUD	GBP (£)	EUR (€)
Euro Member Countries, Euros
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount | €				€ 29,820
British Pounds
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount | £			£ 6,440
Australian Dollar
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount | AUD		AUD 22,010
United States of America, Dollars
Derivative [Line Items]
Notional amount | $	$ 73,125

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Change in Fair Value of Forward Contracts (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosures [Line Items]
Gain (loss) from the change in the fair value of forward contracts included in other expense, net	$ 286	$ (5,643)	$ (1,047)
Foreign currency transaction (losses) gains from the remeasurement of foreign currency assets and liabilities	$ (900)	$ 2,247	$ (4,168)

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Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Amount of transfers between Level 1 and Level 2	$ 0	$ 0
Impairments recognized on assets	0	0	$ 0
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Impairments recognized on assets	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

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Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value (Detail) - Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value Assets
Total marketable securities		$ 61,469	$ 63,167
Foreign currency forward contracts
Fair Value Assets
Foreign currency forward contracts			628
Fair Value Liabilities
Foreign currency forward contracts			883
Money Market Funds
Fair Value Assets
Cash equivalents	[1]	42,771	458
Municipal bonds
Fair Value Assets
Total marketable securities		32,848	36,607
Corporate bonds
Fair Value Assets
Total marketable securities		28,621	26,560
Investments in Privately-Held Companies
Fair Value Assets
Investments in privately-held companies	[2]	1,030
Level 1 | Money Market Funds
Fair Value Assets
Cash equivalents	[1]	2,720	458
Level 2
Fair Value Assets
Total marketable securities		61,469	63,167
Level 2 | Foreign currency forward contracts
Fair Value Assets
Foreign currency forward contracts			628
Fair Value Liabilities
Foreign currency forward contracts			883
Level 2 | Money Market Funds
Fair Value Assets
Cash equivalents	[1]	40,051
Level 2 | Municipal bonds
Fair Value Assets
Total marketable securities		32,848	36,607
Level 2 | Corporate bonds
Fair Value Assets
Total marketable securities		28,621	$ 26,560
Level 3 | Investments in Privately-Held Companies
Fair Value Assets
Investments in privately-held companies	[2]	$ 1,030

[1] Included in cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets.

[2] Included in other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

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Schedule of Trade Accounts Receivable (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total accounts receivable	$ 255,986	$ 269,154
Allowance for sales credit memos	(7,655)	(4,126)
Total accounts receivable net	248,331	265,028
Trade accounts receivable
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total accounts receivable	225,923	234,473
Unbilled accounts receivable
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Total accounts receivable	$ 30,063	$ 34,681

XML

Activity of Allowance for Sales Credit Memos (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Losses [Line Items]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 4,126	$ 4,631	$ 1,540
Provision for credit memos	7,052	3,290	8,005
Credit memos issued	(3,523)	(3,795)	(4,914)
Balance at end of year	$ 7,655	$ 4,126	$ 4,631

XML

Property and Equipment (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 92,403	$ 79,425
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization	(52,044)	(41,144)
Property and equipment, net	40,359	38,281
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	38,650	32,852
Computer equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	23,783	21,522
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	8,517	6,127
Computer Software Purchased
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	6,690	6,083
Computer software developed for internal use
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	12,596	12,069
Fixed assets in progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 2,167	$ 772

XML

Property and Equipment - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation expense	$ 12.4	$ 11.2	$ 10.6

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Acquisitions - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 11, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price of acquired company		$ 297	$ 49,113	$ 1,671
OpenSpan, Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Purchase price of acquired company	$ 48,800
Cash acquired from acquisition	$ 1,800

XML

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 Segment
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Number of reportable segment	1
Number of operating segments	1

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Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Goodwill [Line Items]
Balance as of January 1,	$ 73,164	$ 46,776
Acquisitions		26,689
Purchase price adjustments to goodwill	(354)
Translation adjustments	142	(301)
Balance as of December 31,	$ 72,952	$ 73,164

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Schedule of Amortizable Intangible Asset (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost	$ 127,467	$ 127,394
Accumulated Amortization	(95,568)	(83,203)
Net book value	31,899	44,191
Client related intangibles
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost	63,164	63,091
Accumulated Amortization	(44,835)	(37,573)
Net book value	18,329	25,518
Technology
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost	58,942	58,942
Accumulated Amortization	(45,372)	(40,269)
Net book value	13,570	18,673
Other intangibles
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Cost	5,361	5,361
Accumulated Amortization	$ (5,361)	$ (5,361)
Minimum | Client related intangibles
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Range of Useful Lives	9 years	4 years
Minimum | Technology
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Range of Useful Lives	7 years	3 years
Maximum | Client related intangibles
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Range of Useful Lives	10 years	10 years
Maximum | Technology
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Range of Useful Lives	10 years	10 years

XML

Amortization Expense of Acquired Intangibles (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total amortization expense	$ 12,338	$ 13,408	$ 12,202
Cost of revenue
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total amortization expense	5,103	5,986	5,392
Selling and marketing
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total amortization expense	$ 7,235	7,145	6,127
General and administrative
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Total amortization expense		$ 277	$ 683

XML

Estimated Future Amortization Expense Related to Intangible Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets [Line Items]
2018	$ 11,345
2019	5,553
2020	2,657
2021	2,633
2022 and thereafter	9,711
Net book value	$ 31,899	$ 44,191

XML

Schedule of Accrued Expenses (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Schedule of Accrued Liabilities [Line Items]
Outside professional services	$ 14,468	$ 10,204
Income and other taxes	7,420	10,422
Marketing and sales program expenses	6,444	3,707
Dividends payable	2,344	2,298	$ 2,297
Employee related expenses	4,065	3,806
Other	10,767	6,314
Total accrued expenses	$ 45,508	$ 36,751

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Schedule of Deferred Revenue (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Current deferred revenue	$ 195,073	$ 175,647
Long-term deferred revenue	6,591	10,989
Total deferred revenue	201,664	186,636
Term license
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Current deferred revenue	16,853	15,843
Perpetual license
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Current deferred revenue	19,277	23,189
Long-term deferred revenue	2,568	7,909
Maintenance
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Current deferred revenue	126,083	112,397
Long-term deferred revenue	2,745	1,802
Cloud
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Current deferred revenue	23,276	13,604
Long-term deferred revenue	1,278	1,278
Consulting and Training
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Current deferred revenue	$ 9,584	$ 10,614

XML

Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Operating lease expiration year	2023
Tenant allowance		$ 9.4
Rent expense under operating leases	$ 14.7	$ 13.4	$ 12.3

XML

Future Minimum Rental Payments for Operating Leases (Detail) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	[1]
Operating Leases
2018	$ 15,395
2019	13,881
2020	12,737
2021	11,066
2022 and thereafter	18,896
Total future minimum rental payments for operating leases	$ 71,975

[1] Operating leases include future minimum rent payments, net of estimated sublease income for facilities that the Company has vacated pursuant to its restructuring activities.

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Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)		3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Shareholders Equity [Line Items]
Preferred stock, shares authorized		1,000,000	1,000,000	1,000,000
Common stock, shares authorized		200,000,000	200,000,000	200,000,000
Common stock, par value		$ 0.01	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Common stock, shares issued		78,081,000	78,081,000	76,591,000
Common stock, shares outstanding		78,081,000	78,081,000	76,591,000
Aggregate amount of stock repurchases authorized		$ 195,000,000	$ 195,000,000
Expiration date, current stock repurchase program	Jun. 30, 2018
Dividend payments to shareholders			$ 9,277,000	$ 9,174,000	$ 9,194,000
Cash dividends declared, per share		$ 0.03	$ 0.12	$ 0.12	$ 0.12

XML

Summary of Repurchase Activity under Repurchase Programs (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Stock Repurchase Program [Line Items]
Repurchases paid, shares	96	1,078	944
Repurchases unsettled, shares	3		8
Authorization remaining, beginning of period	$ 39,385,000	$ 40,534,000	$ 13,284,000
Authorizations		25,879,000	50,000,000
Repurchases paid	(4,335,000)	(27,028,000)	(22,530,000)
Repurchases unsettled	(158,000)		(220,000)
Authorization remaining, end of period	$ 34,892,000	$ 39,385,000	$ 40,534,000

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Summary of Dividends Declared Per Share (Detail) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Stock Repurchase Program [Line Items]
Cash dividends declared, per share	$ 0.03	$ 0.12	$ 0.12	$ 0.12

XML

Stock-Based Compensation Expense Included in Consolidated Statements of Operations (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation before tax	$ 53,313	$ 40,821	$ 30,054
Income tax benefit	(12,113)	(12,198)	(8,098)
Cost of revenue
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation before tax	14,573	11,459	8,772
Selling and marketing
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation before tax	15,720	12,464	8,911
Research and development
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation before tax	13,618	10,043	8,116
General and administrative
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation before tax	$ 9,402	6,513	$ 4,255
Acquisition-related
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Allocation of Recognized Period Costs [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation before tax		$ 342

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Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Jun. 30, 2016
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock option term	10 years
Stock-based compensation arrangement vesting period, in years	5 years
Shares remaining for issuance for future equity grants	9,200,000
Vesting one year from the grant date
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage of stock units	20.00%
Vesting in quarterly installments over the remaining four years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage of stock units	80.00%
2006 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized	1,000,000
Stock price percentage of fair market value	85.00%
Stock purchase price percentage on completion date of offering period	95.00%
Aggregate number of shares issued under plan	400,000
Shares remaining for issuance for future equity grants	600,000
Corporate Incentive Compensation Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Percentage of common stock closing price determine RSU grants for employees	85.00%
2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares authorized				30,000,000
Number of shares outstanding	10,000,000
Shares remaining for issuance for future equity grants	8,600,000
Employees
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares issued	1,600,000
Directors
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares issued	1,600,000
Stock Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted, per share	$ 13.79	$ 8.31	$ 7.62
Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised	$ 62,600,000	$ 19,900,000	$ 18,600,000
Closing price of common stock	$ 47.15
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	$ 16,800,000
Weighted-average period of recognition of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense (in years)	2 years 2 months 12 days
RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Closing price of common stock	$ 47.15
Unrecognized stock-based compensation expense	$ 32,400,000
Weighted-average period of recognition of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense (in years)	2 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted-average grant-date fair value of stock units granted	$ 46.07	$ 25.54	$ 20.49
Restricted stock units, fair value	$ 59,000,000	$ 29,200,000	$ 14,900,000
RSUs | Corporate Incentive Compensation Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Compensation percentage of target incentive compensation eligible to be elected and received by employees	50.00%
RSUs | Non-employee directors | 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Value of annual common stock grantable to non-employee directors				$ 500,000

XML

Weighted Average Assumptions used in Black Scholes Option Valuation Model (Detail)		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Share Based Payment Award Stock Options Valuation Assumptions [Line Items]
Expected annual volatility	[1]	35.00%	40.00%	45.00%
Expected term in years	[2]	4 years 6 months	4 years 4 months 24 days	4 years 6 months
Risk-free interest rate	[3]	1.85%	1.21%	1.34%
Expected annual dividend yield	[4]	0.53%	0.63%	0.68%

[1] The expected annual volatility for each grant is determined based on the average of historical daily price changes of the Company's common stock over a period of time which approximates the expected option term.

[2] The expected option term for each grant is determined based on the historical exercise behavior of employees and post-vesting employment termination behavior.

[3] The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield of U.S. Treasury securities with a maturity that is commensurate with the expected option term at the time of grant.

[4] The expected annual dividend yield is based on the weighted-average of the dividend yield assumptions used for options granted during the applicable period.

XML

Combined Stock Option Activity (Detail) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Number of shares
Beginning Balance | shares	7,463
Granted | shares	1,639
Exercised | shares	(1,741)
Forfeited | shares	(231)
Ending Balance | shares	7,130
Vested and expected to vest as December 31, 2017 | shares	5,926
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017 | shares	2,800
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Beginning Balance | $ / shares	$ 19.45
Granted | $ / shares	45.78
Exercised | $ / shares	16.25
Forfeited | $ / shares	25.30
Ending Balance | $ / shares	26.10
Vested and expected to vest as December 31, 2017 | $ / shares	25.20
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017 | $ / shares	$ 16.98
Weighted average remaining contractual term
Vested and expected to vest as December 31, 2017	7 years 2 months 12 days
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017	5 years 9 months 18 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Vested and expected to vest as December 31, 2017 | $	$ 131,599
Exercisable as of December 31, 2017 | $	$ 84,479

XML

Combined Restricted Stock Units Activity (Detail) - RSUs - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Number of shares
Nonvested as of January 1, 2017	3,161
Granted	1,148
Vested	(1,188)
Forfeited	(220)
Nonvested as of December 31, 2017	2,901	3,161
Expected to vest as of December 31, 2017	2,113
Weighted average grant date fair value
Nonvested as of January 1, 2017	$ 23.39
Granted	46.07	$ 25.54	$ 20.49
Vested	23.66
Forfeited	27.06
Nonvested as of December 31, 2017	31.97	$ 23.39
Expected to vest as of December 31, 2017	$ 32.74
Aggregate Intrinsic value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2017	$ 136,771
Expected to vest as of December 31, 2017	$ 99,628

XML

Components of Income Before Provision for Income Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Sep. 30, 2016	[1]	Jun. 30, 2016	[1]	Mar. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Tax Disclosure Abstract
Domestic													$ 18,605	$ 37,329	$ 63,124
Foreign													18,495	(2,127)	(2,619)
Income before provision for income taxes	$ 18,437	$ (14,697)	$ 1,560	$ 31,800	$ 10,696		$ 5,515		$ 5,498		$ 13,493		$ 37,100	$ 35,202	$ 60,505

[1] The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2016-09 in the fourth quarter of 2016, which requires, among other things, excess tax benefits to be recorded as a reduction of the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations, whereas they were previously recognized in equity. The Company is required to reflect any adoption adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the period of adoption. As such, certain information above includes the impact of the ASU 2016-09 adoption.

XML

Components of Provision for Income Taxes (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Components Of Income Tax Expense Benefit [Line Items]
Current, Federal	$ (18,205)	$ 6,741	$ 17,864
Current, State	97	2,963	4,565
Current, Foreign	8,479	4,322	3,853
Total current (benefits)/provision	(9,629)	14,026	26,282
Deferred, Federal	19,683	(1,120)	2,075
Deferred, State	(2,158)	(480)	(466)
Deferred, Foreign	(3,730)	(4,210)	(3,708)
Total deferred provision/(benefit)	13,795	(5,810)	(2,099)
Provision for income taxes	$ 4,166	$ 8,216	$ 24,183

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Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate from Statutory Federal Income Tax Rate (Detail)		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate [Line Items]
Statutory federal income tax rate		35.00%	35.00%	35.00%
Valuation allowance		1.20%	0.30%	0.70%
Transaction costs			1.10%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit and tax credits		(4.50%)	3.70%	4.60%
Permanent differences		2.70%	2.20%	1.10%
Domestic production activities			(3.20%)	(3.10%)
Federal research and experimentation credits		(9.10%)	(2.30%)	(1.20%)
Tax effects of foreign activities		(1.10%)	5.20%	2.00%
Tax-exempt income		(0.30%)	(0.30%)	(0.10%)
Provision to return adjustments		(5.20%)	0.30%	0.30%
Non-deductible compensation		5.00%	6.20%	3.30%
Provision for uncertain tax positions		0.70%	(2.30%)	(2.60%)
Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation		(66.00%)	(20.10%)
Net deferred tax assets re-measurement	[1]	51.80%
Other		1.00%	(2.50%)
Effective income tax rate		11.20%	23.30%	40.00%

[1] Due to the impact of the Tax Reform Act.

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Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Jan. 01, 2016	Dec. 31, 2014
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Statutory federal income tax rate			35.00%	35.00%	35.00%
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act 2017, Incomplete accounting provisional income tax expense (benefit)	$ 20,400
Valuation allowance, net increase (decrease)			$ 6,100
Reduction of income tax provision due to tax holidays			$ 1,300	$ 1,000	$ 900
Tax holiday expiration date			2022
Net income per share of the benefit tax holiday			$ 0.02	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2016-09				$ 321
Long-term deferred income tax assets	57,127		$ 57,127	69,898
Unrecognized Tax Benefits	19,150		19,150	22,671	$ 23,972		$ 43,396
Unrecognized tax benefits that would decrease effective tax rate if recognized	1,500		1,500
Expected changes in unrecognized tax benefits in next 12 months that would reduce effective tax rate			500
Recognized interest expense				(600)	300
Accrued interest and penalties	1,500		$ 1,500	1,200	$ 1,200
Retained Earnings
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2016-09				$ 321
Earliest Tax Year | State and Foreign Country Jurisdiction
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Tax assessment year			2010
Latest Tax Year | State and Foreign Country Jurisdiction
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Tax assessment year			2014
Minimum
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating losses and credit expiration year			2018
Maximum
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating losses and credit expiration year			2037
Accounting Standards Update 2016-09
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Long-term deferred income tax assets						$ 300
Accounting Standards Update 2016-09 | Retained Earnings
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2016-09						$ 300
Expected Incremental Expense
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Statutory federal income tax rate		21.00%
Allowance for Change in Enacted Tax Rate [Member]
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Valuation allowance, net increase (decrease)			$ 7,400
Foreign Exchange Rate Movements
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Valuation allowance, net increase (decrease)			800
Research and Development Credit
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Valuation allowance, net increase (decrease)			500
Foreign
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating losses	33,500		33,500
Re measurement of the Associated Deferred Tax Assets to the New Statutory Tax Rate
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Unrecognized tax benefits that would decrease effective tax rate if recognized	2,400		2,400
Federal
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating losses	99,200		99,200
Tax credit	3,400		3,400
Net operating losses	60,200		60,200
Federal and State Tax Credits	100		100
Federal | OpenSpan, Inc.
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating losses	99,200		99,200
Tax credit	600		600
State
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating losses	3,300		3,300
Tax credit	1,800		1,800
State Tax Credits	600		600
Net operating losses	800		800
Federal and State Tax Credits	6,700		6,700
State | OpenSpan, Inc.
Income Tax Contingency [Line Items]
Net operating losses	1,000		1,000
Tax credit	$ 300		$ 300

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Components of Net Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Components Of Deferred Income Tax Assets And Liabilities [Line Items]
Net operating loss carryforwards	$ 52,311	$ 69,307
Accruals and reserves	22,984	34,021
Software revenue	2,686	6,559
Depreciation	2,558	3,593
Tax credit carryforwards	13,056	8,094
Other	52	19
Total deferred tax assets	93,647	121,593
Less valuation allowances	(27,993)	(34,054)
Total net deferred tax assets	65,654	87,539
Intangibles	(8,527)	(17,641)
Total deferred tax liabilities	(8,527)	(17,641)
Deferred income taxes	$ 57,127	$ 69,898

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Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Balances of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits [Line Items]
Balance as of January 1,	$ 22,671	$ 23,972	$ 43,396
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	452	80	817
Additions for tax positions of prior years	238	110	183
Additions for acquired uncertain tax benefits		387
Reductions for change in US federal tax rate	(2,424)
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(1,500)	(1,541)	(19,855)
Reductions for a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations	(287)	(337)	(569)
Balance as of December 31,	$ 19,150	$ 22,671	$ 23,972

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Summary of Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Sep. 30, 2016	[1]	Jun. 30, 2016	[1]	Mar. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Earning per share reconciliation
Net income	$ (3,681)	$ (1,812)	$ 11,406	$ 27,021	$ 8,749		$ 3,301		$ 4,536		$ 10,400		$ 32,934	$ 26,986	$ 36,322
Weighted-average common shares outstanding													77,431	76,343	76,507
Earnings per share, basic	$ (0.04)	$ (0.03)	$ 0.15	$ 0.35	$ 0.11		$ 0.04		$ 0.06		$ 0.14		$ 0.43	$ 0.35	$ 0.47
Net income	$ (3,681)	$ (1,812)	$ 11,406	$ 27,021	$ 8,749		$ 3,301		$ 4,536		$ 10,400		$ 32,934	$ 26,986	$ 36,322
Effect of assumed exercise of stock options and RSUs													5,401	3,389	2,536
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution													82,832	79,732	79,043
Earnings per share, diluted	$ (0.04)	$ (0.03)	$ 0.14	$ 0.33	$ 0.11		$ 0.04		$ 0.06		$ 0.13		$ 0.40	$ 0.34	$ 0.46
Outstanding options and RSUs excluded as impact would be antidilutive													221	322	182
Stock Options
Earning per share reconciliation
Weighted-average effect of dilutive securities													3,471	2,025	1,601
RSUs
Earning per share reconciliation
Weighted-average effect of dilutive securities													1,930	1,364	935

[1] The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2016-09 in the fourth quarter of 2016, which requires, among other things, excess tax benefits to be recorded as a reduction of the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations, whereas they were previously recognized in equity. The Company is required to reflect any adoption adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the period of adoption. As such, certain information above includes the impact of the ASU 2016-09 adoption.

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Geographic Information and Major Clients - Additional Information (Detail)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 Segment Unit
Geographic information and major clients
Number of reportable segment, customer engagement solutions | Segment	1
Number of reporting unit | Unit	1

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Revenue from International Clients by Geographic Areas (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Sep. 30, 2016	[1]	Jun. 30, 2016	[1]	Mar. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Geographic revenue		$ 239,540	$ 179,815	$ 197,980	$ 223,247	$ 199,610		$ 182,802		$ 188,996		$ 178,858		$ 840,582	$ 750,266	$ 682,695
Geographic revenue percentage														100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
U.S.
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Geographic revenue														$ 474,819	$ 430,562	$ 379,936
Geographic revenue percentage														56.00%	57.00%	56.00%
Other Americas
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Geographic revenue														$ 39,490	$ 59,160	$ 57,892
Geographic revenue percentage														5.00%	8.00%	8.00%
U.K.
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Geographic revenue														$ 90,817	$ 101,733	$ 96,314
Geographic revenue percentage														11.00%	14.00%	14.00%
Other EMEA
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Geographic revenue	[2]													$ 130,889	$ 92,540	$ 87,240
Geographic revenue percentage	[2]													16.00%	12.00%	13.00%
Asia Pacific
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Geographic revenue														$ 104,567	$ 66,271	$ 61,313
Geographic revenue percentage														12.00%	9.00%	9.00%

[1] The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2016-09 in the fourth quarter of 2016, which requires, among other things, excess tax benefits to be recorded as a reduction of the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations, whereas they were previously recognized in equity. The Company is required to reflect any adoption adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the period of adoption. As such, certain information above includes the impact of the ASU 2016-09 adoption.

[2] Includes the Middle East, Africa, and Europe excluding the U.K.

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Long Lived Assets by Geographic Area (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Geographic Areas, Long-Lived Assets [Abstract]
Long-lived assets	$ 40,359	$ 38,281
Long-lived assets percentage	100.00%	100.00%
U.S.
Geographic Areas, Long-Lived Assets [Abstract]
Long-lived assets	$ 27,590	$ 27,993
Long-lived assets percentage	68.00%	73.00%
India
Geographic Areas, Long-Lived Assets [Abstract]
Long-lived assets	$ 6,703	$ 7,158
Long-lived assets percentage	17.00%	19.00%
International, other
Geographic Areas, Long-Lived Assets [Abstract]
Long-lived assets	$ 6,066	$ 3,130
Long-lived assets percentage	15.00%	8.00%

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Total Revenue of Major Clients (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Sep. 30, 2016	[1]	Jun. 30, 2016	[1]	Mar. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 239,540	$ 179,815	$ 197,980	$ 223,247	$ 199,610		$ 182,802		$ 188,996		$ 178,858		$ 840,582	$ 750,266	$ 682,695
Credit Concentration Risk | Total Revenue | Client A | Minimum
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage													10.00%

[1] The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2016-09 in the fourth quarter of 2016, which requires, among other things, excess tax benefits to be recorded as a reduction of the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations, whereas they were previously recognized in equity. The Company is required to reflect any adoption adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the period of adoption. As such, certain information above includes the impact of the ASU 2016-09 adoption.

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Trade Accounts Receivable of Major Clients (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Trade accounts receivable	$ 248,331	$ 265,028
Credit Concentration Risk | Trade accounts receivable | Client A
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	12.00%

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Trade Accounts Receivable of Major Clients (Parenthetical) (Detail) - Trade accounts receivable - Credit Concentration Risk - Client A	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	12.00%
Minimum
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	10.00%

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Summary of Defined Contribution Plans Expenses (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution plan, expense	$ 14,099	$ 12,145	$ 10,489
U.S. 401(k) Plan
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution plan, expense	5,003	4,510	4,061
International Plans
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined contribution plan, expense	$ 9,096	$ 7,635	$ 6,428

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Selected Quarterly Information (Detail) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended												12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Sep. 30, 2016	[1]	Jun. 30, 2016	[1]	Mar. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Quarterly Financial Information:
Revenue	$ 239,540	$ 179,815	$ 197,980	$ 223,247	$ 199,610		$ 182,802		$ 188,996		$ 178,858		$ 840,582	$ 750,266	$ 682,695
Gross profit	165,563	110,084	130,105	155,157	137,401		122,365		128,896		122,348		560,909	511,010	469,249
Income/(loss) from operations	19,961	(14,289)	1,750	31,238	11,776		5,498		6,360		14,125		38,660	37,759	64,661
Income/(loss) before provision for income taxes	18,437	(14,697)	1,560	31,800	10,696		5,515		5,498		13,493		37,100	35,202	60,505
Net income/(loss)	$ (3,681)	$ (1,812)	$ 11,406	$ 27,021	$ 8,749		$ 3,301		$ 4,536		$ 10,400		$ 32,934	$ 26,986	$ 36,322
Net income/(loss) per share, basic	$ (0.04)	$ (0.03)	$ 0.15	$ 0.35	$ 0.11		$ 0.04		$ 0.06		$ 0.14		$ 0.43	$ 0.35	$ 0.47
Net income/(loss) per share, diluted	$ (0.04)	$ (0.03)	$ 0.14	$ 0.33	$ 0.11		$ 0.04		$ 0.06		$ 0.13		$ 0.40	$ 0.34	$ 0.46

[1] The Company elected to early adopt ASU 2016-09 in the fourth quarter of 2016, which requires, among other things, excess tax benefits to be recorded as a reduction of the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statement of operations, whereas they were previously recognized in equity. The Company is required to reflect any adoption adjustments as of January 1, 2016, the beginning of the annual period that includes the period of adoption. As such, certain information above includes the impact of the ASU 2016-09 adoption.