e10vq

0000950123-11-075199.txt : 20110809 0000950123-11-075199.hdr.sgml : 20110809 20110809172150 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000950123-11-075199 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-Q PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 9 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20110630 FILED AS OF DATE: 20110809 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20110809 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: ARADIGM CORP CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001013238 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: ELECTROMEDICAL & ELECTROTHERAPEUTIC APPARATUS [3845] IRS NUMBER: 943133088 STATE OF INCORPORATION: CA FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-Q SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-28402 FILM NUMBER: 111021922 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 3929 POINT EDEN WAY CITY: HAYWARD STATE: CA ZIP: 94545 BUSINESS PHONE: 5102659000 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 3929 POINT EDEN WAY CITY: HAYWARD STATE: CA ZIP: 94545 10-Q 1 f59678e10vq.htm FORM 10-Q e10vq

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)


þ		QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2011


o		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number: 000-28402

Aradigm Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


California (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		94-3133088 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3929 Point Eden Way
Hayward, CA 94545
(Address of principal executive offices including zip code)

(510) 265-9000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every

Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer o		Accelerated filer o		Non-accelerated filer o (do not check if a smaller reporting company)		Smaller reporting company þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.


(Class) Common		(Outstanding at August 1, 2011) 198,114,301

ARADIGM CORPORATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS


	Page
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements		13

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 (unaudited)		3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 (unaudited)		4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 (unaudited)		5
Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		6
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		13
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		20
Item 4. Controls and Procedures		20

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings		21
Item 1A. Risk Factors		21
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		31
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities		31
Item 4. (Removed and Reserved)		31
Item 5. Other Information		31
Item 6. Exhibits		32
Signatures		33
EX-31.1
EX-31.2
EX-32.1
EX-101 INSTANCE DOCUMENT
EX-101 SCHEMA DOCUMENT
EX-101 CALCULATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT
EX-101 LABELS LINKBASE DOCUMENT
EX-101 PRESENTATION LINKBASE DOCUMENT

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ARADIGM CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share data)


	June 30,			December 31,
	2011			2010
	(Unaudited)			(Note 1)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,481		$	5,295
Short-term investments		899			251
Receivables		97			180
Prepaid and other current assets		480			180

Total current assets		9,957			5,906
Property and equipment, net		1,319			1,553
Notes receivable		56			54
Other assets		583			115

Total assets	$	11,915		$	7,628


LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	212		$	257
Accrued clinical and cost of other studies		921			993
Accrued compensation		716			327
Facility lease exit obligation		108			99
Other accrued liabilities		778			450

Total current liabilities		2,735			2,126
Deferred rent		121			99
Facility lease exit obligation, non-current		677			729
Other non-current liabilities		75			75
Note payable, net of discount and accrued interest		8,145			—

Total liabilities		11,753			3,029


Commitments and contingencies

Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, 5,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding		—			—
Common stock, no par value; authorized shares: 213,527,214 at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010; issued and outstanding shares: 173,114,301 at June 30, 2011; 172,304,235 at December 31, 2010		359,328			358,424
Accumulated deficit		(359,166	)		(353,825	)

Total shareholders’ equity		162			4,599

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	11,915		$	7,628

See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

ARADIGM CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2011			2010			2011			2010
Revenue:
Royalty revenue		184			—			366			4,000

Operating expenses:
Research and development		1,584			2,736			3,064			5,573
General and administrative		1,440			1,382			2,575			2,635
Restructuring and asset impairment		10			13			20			26

Total operating expenses		3,034			4,131			5,659			8,234

Loss from operations		(2,850	)		(4,131	)		(5,293	)		(4,234	)
Interest income		1			4			3			14
Interest expense		(46	)		(109	)		(53	)		(218	)
Other income (expense), net		1			108			2			106

Net loss	$	(2,894	)	$	(4,128	)	$	(5,341	)	$	(4,332	)

Basic and diluted net loss per common share	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.04	)	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.04	)

Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per common share		170,731			104,891			170,435			102,396

See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

ARADIGM CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Six months ended
	June 30,
	2011			2010
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(5,341	)	$	(4,332	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:
Amortization and accretion of investments		1			26
Depreciation and amortization		240			322
Stock-based compensation expense		378			451
Compensation expense from warrants for services rendered		428			—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables		83			(239	)
Prepaid and other current assets		(262	)		(171	)
Other assets		(470	)		3
Accounts payable		(46	)		376
Accrued compensation		389			311
Other liabilities		290			138
Deferred rent		22			(13	)
Facility lease exit obligation		(43	)		(124	)

Net cash used in operating activities		(4,331	)		(3,252	)

Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures		(5	)		(5	)
Purchases of short-term investments		(1,149	)		—
Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments		500			5,200

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(654	)		5,195

Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from private placement of common stock, net		—			3,719
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		60			43
Proceeds from issuance of note payable		8,111			—

Net cash provided by financing activities		8,171			3,762


Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		3,186			5,705
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		5,295			3,903

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	8,481		$	9,608

See accompanying Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

ARADIGM CORPORATION

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2011

1. Organization, Basis of Presentation and Liquidity

Organization

Aradigm Corporation (the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) is a California corporation, incorporated in 1991, focused on the development and commercialization of drugs delivered by inhalation for the treatment of severe respiratory diseases. The Company’s principal activities to date have included conducting research and development and developing collaborations. Management does not anticipate receiving any revenues from the sale of products in the upcoming year, except for royalty revenue from Zogenix. The Company operates as a single operating segment.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for fair presentation. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, as filed with the SEC on March 25, 2011 (the “2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K”). The results of the Company’s operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of operating results for the full fiscal year or any future interim period.

The balance sheet at December 31, 2010 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by United States generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. For further information, please refer to the financial statements and notes thereto included in the 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aradigm Corporation and the Company’s active wholly-owned subsidiary, Aradigm Royalty Financing LLC. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Liquidity

The Company had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of approximately $9.4 million as of June 30, 2011. Management believes that this amount, as well as the proceeds from the July 2011 private placement (see Note 12), will be sufficient to fund operations through at least the second quarter of 2012.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates include useful lives for property and equipment and related depreciation calculations, estimated amortization period for expenses associated with the June 2011 royalty financing transaction and for payments received from product development and license agreements as they relate to revenue recognition, assumptions for valuing options and warrants, and income taxes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

All highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase are classified as cash equivalents.

Investments

Management determines the appropriate classification of the Company’s investments, which consist solely of debt securities, at the time of purchase. All investments are classified as available-for-sale, carried at estimated fair value and reported in cash and cash equivalents or short-term investments. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are excluded from earnings and losses and are reported as a separate component in the statement of shareholders’ equity until realized. Fair values of investments are based on quoted market prices where available. Investment income is recognized when earned and includes interest, dividends, amortization of purchase premiums and discounts, and realized gains and losses on sales of securities. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. The Company regularly reviews all of its investments for other-than-temporary declines in fair value. When the Company determines that the decline in fair value of an investment below the Company’s accounting basis is other-than-temporary, the Company reduces the carrying value of the securities held and records a loss equal to the amount of any such decline. No such reductions were required during any of the periods presented.

Property and Equipment

The Company records property and equipment at cost and calculates depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Machinery and equipment includes external costs incurred for validation of the equipment. The Company does not capitalize internal validation expense. Computer equipment and software includes capitalized computer software. All of the Company’s capitalized software is purchased; the Company has not internally developed computer software. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the term of the lease or useful life of the improvement.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-10, Property, Plant, and Equipment — Overall, the Company reviews for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of property and equipment may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the carrying amount of the assets, the assets are written down to their estimated fair values and the loss is recognized in the statements of operations.

Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities

In accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (“ASC 420”), the Company recognizes a liability for the cost associated with an exit or disposal activity that is measured initially at its fair value in the period in which the liability is incurred. The Company accounted for the partial sublease of its headquarters building as an exit activity and recorded the sublease loss in its statement of operations (see Note 5).

According to ASC 420, costs to terminate an operating lease or other contracts are (a) costs to terminate the contract before the end of its term or (b) costs that will continue to be incurred under the contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to the entity. In periods subsequent to initial measurement, changes to the liability are measured using the credit-adjusted risk-free rate that was used to measure the liability initially.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue under the provisions of the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 104, Topic 13, Revenue Recognition Revised and Updated (“SAB Topic 13”) and ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition Multiple Elements (“ASC 605-25”). Revenue for arrangements not having multiple deliverables, as outlined in ASC 605-25, is recognized once costs are incurred and collectability is reasonably assured.

In accordance with contract terms, milestone payments from collaborative research agreements are considered reimbursements for costs incurred under the agreements and, accordingly, are recognized as revenue either upon completion of the milestone effort, when payments are contingent upon completion of the effort, or are based on actual efforts expended over the remaining term of the agreement when payments precede the required efforts. Refundable development payments are deferred until specific performance criteria are achieved. Refundable development payments are generally not refundable once specific performance criteria are achieved and accepted.

Collaborative license and development agreements that require the Company to provide multiple deliverables, such as a license, research and product steering committee services and other performance obligations, are accounted for in accordance with ASC 605-25. Under ASC 605-25, delivered items are evaluated to determine whether such items have value to the Company’s collaborators on a stand-alone basis and whether objective reliable evidence of fair value of the undelivered items exists. Deliverables that meet these

criteria are considered a separate unit of accounting. Deliverables that do not meet these criteria are combined and accounted for as a single unit of accounting. The appropriate revenue recognition criteria are identified and applied to each separate unit of accounting.

Royalty revenue will be earned under the terms of the asset sale agreement with Zogenix. The Company will recognize revenue when the amounts under this agreement can be determined and when collectability is probable. The Company has no performance obligations under this agreement. The Company anticipates recognizing revenue from quarterly royalty payments one quarter in arrears since it believes it will not be able to determine quarterly royalty earnings until it receives the royalty statements from Zogenix.

Research and Development

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for share-based payment arrangements in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation and ASC 505-50, Equity-Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees which requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for all costs related to share-based payments including stock options and restricted stock awards and stock issued under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan. This guidance requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of the grant using an option-pricing model. The Company has adopted the simplified method to calculate the beginning balance of the additional paid-in capital, or APIC pool of excess tax benefits, and to determine the subsequent effect on the APIC pool and statement of cash flows of the tax effects of stock-based compensation awards.

Income Taxes

The Company makes certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes. As part of the process of preparing the financial statements, the Company is required to estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. This process involves the Company estimating its current tax exposure under the most recent tax laws and assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the balance sheets.

The Company assesses the likelihood that it will be able to recover its deferred tax assets. It considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, including the historical levels of income and losses, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. If the Company does not consider it more likely than not that it will recover its deferred tax assets, the Company records a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that it estimates will not ultimately be recoverable. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company believed that the amount of its deferred income taxes would not be ultimately recovered. Accordingly, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. However, should there be a change in the Company’s ability to recover its deferred tax assets, the Company would recognize a benefit to its tax provision in the period in which it determines that it is more likely than not that it will recover its deferred tax assets.

Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period less the weighted-average number of restricted shares of common stock subject to repurchase. Potentially dilutive securities were not included in the net loss per common share calculation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, because the inclusion of such shares would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In April 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2010-17, Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force. This standard provides guidance on defining a milestone and determining when it may be appropriate to apply the milestone method for revenue recognition for research and development arrangements. This standard provides guidance on the criteria that should be met to recognize revenue upon achievement of the related milestone event. The ASU is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those fiscal years) beginning on or after June 15, 2010. The Company adopted this guidance in the third quarter of 2010. While the Company does not

expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations, this standard may impact the Company in the event the Company completes future transactions.

In September 2009, the FASB issued ASU 2009-13 Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements (formerly EITF Issue No. 08-1 “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables”). This standard modifies the revenue recognition guidance for arrangements that involve the delivery of multiple elements, such as product, license fees and research and development reimbursements, to a customer at different times as part of a single revenue generating transaction. This standard provides principles and application guidance to determine whether multiple deliverables exist, how the individual deliverables should be separated and how to allocate the revenue in the arrangement among those separate deliverables. The standard also significantly expands the disclosure requirements for multiple deliverable revenue arrangements. While the Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations, this standard may impact the Company in the event the Company completes future transactions.

In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income. ASU 2011-05 eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholder’s equity and instead requires separate statements of comprehensive income. The amendment is effective for the fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2011-05 to have a material impact on our financial position and results of operation.

3. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the amortized cost of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments approximated their fair values. The Company considers all liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. All short-term investments at June 30, 2011 mature in less than one year.

The Company invests its cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments in money market funds, commercial paper and corporate and government notes. All of these securities are classified as available-for-sale with the unrealized gain and loss being recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income; there were no unrealized gains or losses at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

4. Fair Value Measurements

Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS 157, Fair Value Measurements, (now referred to as ASC 820) which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to measure fair value and expands disclosures about the use of fair value measurements. The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value. Level 1 values are based on quoted prices in active markets. Level 2 values are based on significant other observable inputs. Level 3 values are based on significant unobservable inputs. The following table presents the fair value level for the assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy. The Company does not have any liabilities that are measured at fair value.


	Fair Value Measurements
			(In thousands)
			Quoted Prices		Significant
			in Active		Other		Significant
			Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Balance		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Description	June 30, 2011		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,481	$	8,481	$	—	$	—

Short-term investments:
Commercial paper	$	399	$	—	$	399	$	—
U.S. treasury and agencies		500		—		500		—

Total	$	899	$	—	$	899	$	—

and other factors and applies a series of matrices pricing model. The Company performs a review of prices reported by the pricing service to determine if they are reasonable estimates of fair value. In addition, the Company performs a review of its securities to determine the proper classification in accordance with the fair value hierarchy.

5. Sublease Agreement and Lease Exit Liability

On July 18, 2007, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with Mendel Biotechnology, Inc. (“Mendel”), under which the Company subleases to Mendel approximately 48,000 square feet of the 72,000 square foot facility located at 3929 Point Eden Way, Hayward, CA. The Company recorded a $2.1 million impairment expense related to the sublease for the year ended December, 31, 2007.

The Company recorded this expense and the related lease exit liability because the monthly payments the Company expects to receive under the sublease are less than the amounts that the Company will owe the lessor for the sublease space. The fair value of the lease exit liability was determined using a credit-adjusted risk-free rate to discount the estimated future net cash flows, consisting of the minimum lease payments to the lessor for the sublease space and payments the Company will receive under the sublease. The sublease loss and ongoing accretion expense required to record the lease exit liability at its fair value using the interest method have been recorded as part of restructuring and asset impairment expense in the statement of operations.

The lease exit liability activity for the six months ended June 30, 2011 is as follows (in thousands):


	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2011
Balance at January 1, 2011	$	828
Accretion expense		20
Lease payments		(63	)

Balance at June 30, 2011	$	785

As of June 30, 2011, $108,000 of the $785,000 balance was recorded as a current liability and $677,000 was recorded as a non-current liability.

6. Other Accrued Liabilities

Other accrued liabilities consist of accrued rent and accrued expenses for legal services, audit-related services and payroll withholding liabilities.

At June 30, 2011, other accrued liabilities consisted of accrued rent of $410,000, accrued expenses for services of $335,000 and payroll withholding liabilities of $33,000. At December 31, 2010, other accrued liabilities consisted of accrued rent of $235,000, accrued expenses for services of $178,000 and payroll withholding liabilities of $37,000. In July 2010, the Company entered into an agreement with the landlord of the Hayward facility to defer a portion of the monthly rent payment over a one year period. The repayment period was over 12 months beginning in September 2011, if not repaid sooner without pre-payment penalty. Deferred amounts accrue interest at 10% per annum.

7. Collaborations and Royalty Agreements

Zogenix

In August 2006, the Company sold all of its assets related to the Intraject needle-free injector technology platform and products, including 12 United States patents along with foreign counterparts, to Zogenix, Inc., a privately-held pharmaceutical company. Zogenix is responsible for further development and commercialization efforts of Intraject (now rebranded under the name DosePro*). On January 13, 2010, Zogenix announced the U.S. commercial launch of its SUMAVEL* DosePro product. Under the terms of the asset sale agreement, the Company is entitled to receive quarterly royalty payments from Zogenix in the amount of 3% of net sales of DosePro products. Revenue will be recognized from the quarterly royalty payments one quarter in arrears due to the contractual sixty day lag in royalty reporting under the asset sale agreement. The Company recorded recurring royalty revenue of $184,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2011.

8. Note Payable and Accrued Interest

On June 21, 2011, the Company entered into an $8.5 million royalty financing agreement with a syndicate of lenders. The agreement created a debt obligation (the “Term Loan”) that will be repaid through and secured by royalties from net sales of the

SUMAVEL DosePro (sumatriptan injection) needle-free delivery system payable to the Company under its Asset Purchase Agreement (“APA”) with Zogenix.

Under the terms of the royalty financing agreement, the Company received a loan of $8.5 million, less fees, transaction and legal expenses (estimated to be approximately $473,000) and an additional $250,000 set aside for an Interest Reserve Account. The lenders will be entitled to receive 100% of all royalties payable to the Company under the APA until the principal and accrued interest of the Term Loan are fully repaid, after which time the benefit of any further royalties made under the APA will accrue to Aradigm. The Term Loan will accrue interest at the rate equal to the greater of a) LIBOR or b) one-and-a-half percent (1.50%), plus a margin of fourteen-and-a-half percent (14.5%). To the extent royalty payments are insufficient to pay accrued and unpaid interest under the financing, the shortfall will be funded from the Interest Reserve Account or, if the account is insufficient to pay all of the interest due, the shortfall will be capitalized and added to the principal balance of the Term Loan. The lenders were granted a security interest in the assets of an Aradigm subsidiary, Aradigm Royalty Financing LLC, which holds Aradigm’s rights to receive royalty payments under the APA. The lenders have no recourse to other assets of Aradigm for repayment of the loan. Amortization of the Term Loan will occur to the extent that royalties payments received for any quarter exceed accrued interest due for that quarter.

The Company has the right to prepay the Term Loan after June 21, 2012, subject to the payment of the principal balance plus a prepayment fee of eight percent (8%) of the outstanding balance if prepaid in months 13-24 following the transaction closing date of June 21, 2011; four percent (4%) if prepaid in months 25-36; and two percent (2%) if prepaid in months 37-48. There will be no prepayment fee for prepaying the Term Loan after the forty-eight (48) month anniversary of the closing date. In addition, the Company has the right to make partial prepayments in an amount no less than the greater of (i) ten percent (10%) of the principal balance of the Term Loan outstanding as of the applicable prepayment date or (ii) $1,000,000. Under no circumstances will the receipt of royalty payments from Zogenix in excess of the accrued interest then due be considered prepayments under the Term Loan.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Topic 470 — Debt, the Company capitalized the fees, transaction and legal expenses of approximately $473,000 and recorded this amount in other assets. The capitalized expenses will be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over a period of 48 months.

The Interest Reserve account was recorded in prepaid and other current assets.

In connection with the transaction, Aradigm issued to the lenders warrants to purchase a total of 2,840,909 shares of Aradigm common stock at a strike price of $0.22 per share, representing a 20% premium above the average closing price of Aradigm common stock for the ten trading days immediately preceding the closing of the transaction. The warrants expire on December 31, 2016.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Topic 815, the warrants were treated as equity instruments and their fair value was determined to be approximately $390,000. The fair value of the warrants is considered a discount against the note and was recorded as a reduction of the note payable. The fair value of the warrants will be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over a period of 48 months.

9. Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Options, Awards and Units

The following table shows the stock-based compensation expense included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2011		2010		2011		2010
Costs and expenses:
Research and development	$	57	$	41	$	122	$	92
General and administrative		133		149		256		359

Total stock-based compensation expense	$	190	$	190	$	378	$	451

There was no capitalized stock-based employee compensation cost for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010. Since the Company incurred net losses during the quarters ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, there was no recognized tax benefit associated with stock-based compensation expense.

The total amount of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options and stock purchases, net of forfeitures, was $0.5 million as of June 30, 2011. This amount will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.25 years.

For restricted stock awards, the Company recognizes compensation expense over the vesting period for the fair value of the stock award on the measurement date. The total fair value of restricted stock awards that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $79,000. The Company retained purchase rights with respect to 2,344,043 shares of unvested restricted stock awards issued pursuant to stock purchase agreements at no cost per share as of June 30, 2011. As of June 30, 2011, there was $0.2 million of total unrecognized compensation costs, net of forfeitures, related to non-vested stock awards which are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.56 years.

Stock Option Plans: 1996 Equity Incentive Plan, 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and 1996 Non-Employee Directors’ Plan

The 1996 Equity Incentive Plan (the “1996 Plan”) and the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2005 Plan”), which amended, restated and retitled the 1996 Plan, were adopted to provide a means by which selected officers, directors, scientific advisory board members and employees of and consultants to the Company and its affiliates could be given an opportunity to acquire an equity interest in the Company. All employees, directors, officers, scientific advisory board members and consultants of the Company are eligible to participate in the 2005 Plan. During 2000, the Board of Directors approved the termination of the 1996 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan (the “Directors’ Plan”). This termination had no effect on options already outstanding under the Directors’ Plan.

Stock Option Activity

The following is a summary of activity under the 1996 Plan, the 2005 Plan and the Directors’ Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2011:


				Options Outstanding
	Shares Available											Weighted
	for Grant of											Average
	Option, Award or			Number of								Exercise
	Unit			Shares			Exercise Price Range					Price
Balance at January 1, 2011		1,959,278			6,354,758		$	0.12	—	$	64.69	$	1.32
Options granted		(500,000	)		500,000			0.18	—		0.19		0.19
Options cancelled		84,898			(84,898	)	$	0.25	—	$	64.69	$	9.69
Restricted share awards granted		(328,948	)		—			—	—		—		—
Restricted share units awarded		(78,947	)		—			—	—		—		—

Balance at June 30, 2011		1,136,281			6,769,860		$	0.12	—	$	24.10	$	1.13

Aggregate intrinsic value is the sum of the amounts by which the quoted market price of the Company’s stock exceeded the exercise price of the stock options at June 30, 2011 for those stock options for which the quoted market price was in excess of the exercise price (“in-the-money options”). As of June 30, 2011, options to purchase 4,820,616 shares of common stock were exercisable and had an aggregate intrinsic value of $52,000. No stock options were exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2011.

A summary of the Company’s unvested restricted stock and performance bonus stock award as of June 30, 2011 is presented below representing the maximum number of shares that could be earned or vested under the 2005 Plan:


	Number			Weighted Average
	of			Grant Date Fair
	Shares			Value
Balance at December 31, 2010		2,448,273		$	0.44
Restricted share awards issued		328,948			0.19
Restricted share awards vested		(433,178	)		0.18

Balance at June 30, 2011		2,344,043		$	0.45

During the three months ended June 30, 2011, the Company issued 78,947 shares of restricted stock units with no exercise price to a non-employee member of its Board of Directors. The units will vest on the earlier of either a change in control of the Company or upon the grantee’s termination of service as a Board member. In 2011, the non-employee members of the Board of Directors elected to forego all or a portion of their cash compensation in lieu of the aforementioned restricted stock unit grants and restricted stock awards.

10. Net Loss Per Common Share

The Company computes basic net loss per common share using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period less the weighted-average number of shares of common stock subject to repurchase. The effects of including the incremental shares associated with options, warrants and unvested restricted stock are anti-dilutive, and are not included in the diluted weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the six month periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.

The Company excluded the following securities from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, as their effect would be anti-dilutive (in thousands):


	Six months ended
	June 30,
	2011		2010
Outstanding stock options		6,770		4,962
Unvested restricted stock		2,344		2,497
Unvested restricted stock units		412		333
Outstanding common stock warrants		3,591		7,527

11. Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive loss includes net loss and other comprehensive income (loss), which for the Company is primarily comprised of unrealized holding gains and losses on the Company’s available-for-sale securities that are excluded from the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations in computing net loss and reported separately in shareholders’ equity. Comprehensive loss and its components are as follows (in thousands):


	Six months ended
	June 30,
	2011			2010
Net loss	$	(5,341	)	$	(4,332	)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities		—			(2	)

Comprehensive loss	$	(5,341	)	$	(4,334	)

12. Subsequent Events

July 2011 Private Placement

On July 5, 2011, the Company entered into a definitive agreement for the sale of common stock to three existing shareholders, including accounts managed by First Eagle Investment Management LLC and Tavistock Life Sciences, in a private placement for aggregate gross proceeds of $4.75 million. The closing of the private placement occurred on July 7, 2011. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company agreed to sell an aggregate of 25,000,000 shares of common stock at a price of $0.19 per share. After deducting for fees and expenses, the net proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock are anticipated to be approximately $4.4 million. The Company will be required, among other things, to file a resale registration statement within 30 days following the closing that covers the resale by the purchasers of the shares.

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that are based on the current beliefs of management, as well as current assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. All statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, other than statements that are purely historical, are forward-looking statements. Words such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “continue,” “seek,” “estimate,” “probably,” “potentially,” or the negative thereof and similar expressions also identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our future actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed in , or implied by, any such forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including but not limited to, those risks and uncertainties discussed in this section as well as in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other reports filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Forward-looking statements include our belief that our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of June 30, 2011 and the proceeds from the July 2011

private placement will be sufficient to enable us to fund our operations through at least the second quarter of 2012, our expectation that we will incur operating losses for the foreseeable future, our anticipations regarding revenue, collaboration agreements and our longer-term strategy and our expectations regarding clinical trials and orphan drug designations.

These forward-looking statements and our business are subject to significant risks including, but not limited to, our ability to obtain additional financing or partnering agreements in order to fund Phase 3 clinical trials of our inhaled ciprofloxacin product candidates, our ability to obtain clearance from the FDA for conducting our inhaled ciprofloxacin Phase 3 clinical trials, our ability to implement our product development strategy, the success of product development efforts, obtaining and enforcing patents important to our business, clearing the lengthy and expensive regulatory approval process and possible competition from other products. Even if product candidates appear promising at various stages of development, they may not reach the market or may not be commercially successful for a number of reasons. Such reasons include, but are not limited to, the possibilities that the potential products may be found to be ineffective during clinical trials, may fail to receive necessary regulatory approvals, may be difficult to manufacture on a large scale, are uneconomical to market, may be precluded from commercialization by proprietary rights of third parties or may not gain acceptance from health care professionals and patients.

Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained herein, which speak only as of the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements in light of events or circumstances occurring after the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Overview

We are an emerging specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the development and commercialization of drugs delivered by inhalation for the treatment of severe respiratory diseases by pulmonologists. Over the last decade, we invested a large amount of capital to develop drug delivery technologies, particularly the development of a significant amount of expertise in pulmonary drug delivery. We also invested considerable effort into the generation of a large volume of laboratory and clinical data demonstrating the performance of our AERx^® pulmonary drug delivery platform and other proprietary technologies, including our liposomal ciprofloxacin formulations for inhalation. We have not been profitable since inception and expect to incur additional operating losses over at least the foreseeable future as we continue product development efforts, clinical trial activities, and possible sales, marketing and contract manufacturing efforts. To date, we have not had any significant product sales and do not anticipate receiving revenues from the sale of any of our products in the near term. As of June 30, 2011, we had an accumulated deficit of $359.2 million. Historically, we have funded our operations primarily through public offerings and private placements of our capital stock, license fees and milestone payments from collaborators, proceeds from the January 2005 restructuring transaction with Novo Nordisk, borrowings from Novo Nordisk, the milestone and royalty payments associated with the sale of Intraject-related assets to Zogenix, proceeds from the June 2011 royalty financing transaction and interest earned on cash equivalents and short-term investments.

Over the last five years, our business has focused on opportunities in the development of drugs for the treatment of severe respiratory disease that could be developed by us and commercialized in the United States, or another significant territory such as the European Union (EU). It is our longer term strategy to commercialize our respiratory product candidates with our own focused marketing and sales force addressing pulmonary specialty doctors in the United States or in the EU, where we believe that a proprietary sales force will enhance the return to our shareholders. Where our products can benefit a broader population of patients in the United States or in other countries, we may enter into co-development, co-promotion or other marketing arrangements with collaborators, thereby reducing costs and increasing revenues through license fees, milestone payments and royalties. In selecting our proprietary development programs, we primarily seek drugs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that can be reformulated for both existing and new indications in respiratory disease. Our intent is to use our pulmonary delivery methods and formulations to improve their safety, efficacy and convenience of administration to patients. We believe that this strategy will allow us to reduce cost, development time and risk of failure, when compared to the discovery and development of new chemical entities. Our lead development candidates are proprietary inhaled formulations, ARD-3100 (Lipoquin™) and ARD-3150 (Pulmaquin™), of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin that are delivered by inhalation for the management of infections associated with the severe respiratory diseases cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (BE). The formulations differ in the proportion of rapidly available and slow release ciprofloxacin. ARD-3150 uses the slow release liposomal formulation (ARD-3100) mixed with a small amount of ciprofloxacin dissolved in an aqueous medium. We received orphan drug designations for ARD-3100 for both of these indications in the U.S. and for cystic fibrosis in the European Union. We requested orphan drug designation from the FDA for ARD-3150 for the management of bronchiectasis and in June 2011 we were granted orphan drug designation for ciprofloxacin for inhalation for this indication. We may seek orphan drug designation for other eligible product candidates we develop. We have reported the results of one successful Phase 2b trial with ARD-3100 and one successful Phase 2b trial with ARD-3150 in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and two successful Phase 2a trials with ARD-3100 in cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, respectively.

In June 2008, we completed a multi-center 14-day treatment Phase 2a trial in Australia and New Zealand in 21 CF patients with once daily dosing of 6 mL of inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin (ARD-3100). The primary efficacy endpoint in this Phase 2a study was the change from baseline in the sputum Pseudomonas aeruginosa colony forming units (CFU), an objective measure of the reduction in pulmonary bacterial load. Data analysis in 21 patients who completed the study demonstrated that the CFUs decreased by a mean 1.43 log against baseline over the 14-day treatment period (p<0.0001). Evaluation one week after study treatment was discontinued showed that the Pseudomonas bacterial density in the lung was still reduced from the baseline without additional antibiotic use. Pulmonary function testing as measured by the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) showed a significant mean increase of 6.86% from baseline after 14 days of treatment (p=0.04). The study drug was well tolerated and there were no serious adverse events reported during the trial.

In December 2008, we completed an open-label, four week treatment study with once daily inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin (ARD-3100) in patients with non-CF bronchiectasis. The study was conducted at eight leading centers in the United Kingdom and enrolled a total of 36 patients. The patients were randomized into two equal size groups, one receiving 3 mL of inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin and the other receiving 6 mL of inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin, once-a-day for the four-week treatment period. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline in the sputum Pseudomonas aeruginosa CFU, the standard objective measure of the reduction in pulmonary bacterial load. The 3 mL and 6 mL doses of inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin in the evaluable patient population demonstrated significant mean decreases against baseline in the CFUs over the 28-day treatment period of 3.5 log (p<0.001) and 4.0 log (p<0.001) units, respectively.

In July 2009, we announced that clearance was received from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin (ARD-3100) Investigational New Drug (IND) application for the management of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

In August 2009, the European Medicines Agency granted Orphan Drug Designation to our inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin drug product candidate ARD-3100 for the treatment of lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis. Under European guidelines, Orphan Medicinal Product Designation provides 10 years of potential market exclusivity if the product candidate is the first product candidate for the indication approved for marketing in the European Union. Orphan drug designation also allows the candidate’s sponsor to seek assistance from the European Medicines Agency in optimizing the candidate’s clinical development through participation in designing the clinical protocol and preparing the marketing application. Additionally, a drug candidate designated by the Commission as an Orphan Medicinal Product may qualify for a reduction in regulatory fees as well as a European Union-funded research grant. We had previously been granted orphan drug designations by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin ARD-3100 for the management of CF and for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

In November 2009, the first patient was dosed in the ORBIT-2 (Once-daily Respiratory Bronchiectasis Inhalation Treatment) trial, a 168 day, multicenter, international Phase 2b clinical trial of inhaled ciprofloxacin with the ARD-3150 (Pulmaquin) formulation in 42 adult patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Australia and New Zealand. Following a 14 day screening period, the patients were treated once-a-day for 28 days with either the active drug, or placebo, followed by a 28 day off-treatment period. This on-off sequence was repeated three times. The primary endpoint was defined as the mean change in Pseudomonas aeruginosa density in sputum (colony forming units — CFU - per gram) from baseline to day 28 of the active treatment group versus placebo. Safety and tolerability assessments of the treatment versus placebo group were performed and secondary efficacy endpoints being assessed included long term microbiological responses, time to an exacerbation, severity of exacerbations, length of time to resolve exacerbations and changes in lung function and in quality of life measurements. ORBIT-2 explored whether the novel formulation ARD-3150, which has a different drug release profile than ARD-3100, may have additional therapeutic benefits.

In October 2010, we announced positive top line data from the ORBIT-2 study. Statistical significance was achieved in the primary endpoint — the mean change in Pseudomonas aeruginosa density in sputum from baseline to day 28. In the full analysis population (full analysis set includes all patients who were randomized, received at least one dose and provided samples for at least two time points), there was a significant mean reduction of 4.2 log₁₀ units in the ARD-3150 group, reflecting an almost sixteen-thousand fold decrease in bacterial load, versus a very small mean decrease of 0.1 log₁₀ units in the placebo group (p=0.004). Secondary endpoint analysis showed that 17 subjects in the placebo group required supplemental antibiotics for respiratory-related infections versus 8 subjects in the ARD-3150 group (p=0.05). As announced in January 2011, the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the median time to first pulmonary exacerbation in the per protocol evaluation increased from 58 days in the placebo group to 134 days in the active treatment group and was statistically significant (p<0.05, log rank test). ARD-3150 was well tolerated and there were no significant decreases in lung function, as measured by FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second), at 28 days in either group. Overall, the incidence and severity of adverse events were similar in both the placebo and treatment groups; however, ARD-3150 had a superior pulmonary safety profile reflected in the number and severity of pulmonary adverse events. As announced in May 2011, further statistical analysis concluded that the reduction from baseline in Pseudomonas aeruginosa CFUs with ARD-3150 was rapid and

persistent throughout the treatment cycles as exemplified by the statistically significant reductions of the mean log CFU values in the ARD-3150 group versus the placebo at day 14 and day 28 during the first treatment cycle, as well as at the end of the second and third cycles of treatment (days 84 and 140, respectively).

In February 2010, the first patient was dosed in the U.S. as part of the ORBIT-1 trial. This Phase 2b trial, an international, double-blind, placebo-controlled study being conducted under a U.S. FDA IND, randomized 95 patients and completed enrollment in March 2011. The ORBIT-1 study design called for four weeks of once-daily inhaled doses of the active drug or once-daily inhaled placebo. Two doses of the active drug were included in the study — 100 or 150 mg ciprofloxacin delivered by inhalation as 2 or 3 mL of liposomal dispersion, respectively. The primary efficacy endpoint was a standard measure of antibacterial activity — the change from baseline in sputum Pseudomonas aeruginosa colony forming units (CFUs). Secondary endpoints included quality of life measurements and improvement of outcomes with respect to exacerbations. Lung function changes were monitored for safety.

In June 2011, we announced positive top line data from the ORBIT-1 study. The primary endpoint - the mean change in Pseudomonas aeruginosa colony forming units per gram of sputum (CFUs) from baseline to day 28 — was met in the full analysis population: The full analysis set included all patients who were randomized, received at least one dose and provided samples for at least two time points. There was a significant mean reduction (p<0.001) of 2.942 log10 CFUs in the 3mL ARD-3100 group and a significant mean reduction (p< 0.001) of 3.842 log10 CFUs in the 2mL ARD-3100 group compared to placebos. Pooled placebo groups had a mean reduction of log10 CFUs of 0.437. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 mL and 3 mL ARD-3100 doses. ARD-3100 was well-tolerated and no bronchodilator treatment was mandated before inhaled study treatments. There were no statistically significant differences between the active and placebo groups in the number of patients experiencing at least one respiratory treatment-emergent adverse event. The incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) was low; there were a total of 6 SAEs and none of them were treatment related.

The results from each of these trials will produce an extensive data base of information from which we hope to select the optimum product and the most appropriate endpoints to test in Phase 3. In order to expedite anticipated time to market and increase market acceptance, we have elected to deliver our formulations via an FDA-approved, widely-accepted nebulizer system for each of these Phase 2b trials.

In August 2006, we sold all of our assets related to the Intraject needle-free injector technology platform and products, including 12 United States patents along with foreign counterparts, to Zogenix, Inc., a private company. Zogenix is responsible for further development and commercialization efforts of Intraject (now rebranded under the name DosePro*). In conjunction with the sale, we received a $4 million initial payment from Zogenix, with an additional milestone payment of $4 million and royalty payments payable upon any commercialization of products in the U.S. and other countries, including the European Union, developed and sold using the DosePro technology. In July 2009, Zogenix was granted approval by the FDA of the SUMAVEL DosePro (sumatriptan injection) needle-free delivery system for the treatment of acute migraine and cluster headache. In August 2009, Zogenix and Astellas Pharma US, Inc. entered into an exclusive co-promotion agreement in the U.S. for the SUMAVEL DosePro needle-free delivery system. On January 13, 2010, Zogenix announced the U.S. commercial launch of SUMAVEL DosePro. In February 2010, we received from Zogenix the $4 million milestone payable upon the initial commercialization of SUMAVEL DosePro. In December 2010, Zogenix was granted approval of the Marketing Authorization Application (“MAA”) for SUMAVEL DosePro (sumatriptan injection) needle-free delivery system by the Danish Medicines Agency of Denmark. Denmark is the first country in Europe to grant marketing authorization for SUMAVEL DosePro. Five weeks later, the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices of Germany (BrArM) and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency of the United Kingdom (MHRA) granted approval of the MAA for SUMAVEL DosePro (sumatriptan injection) needle-free delivery system for the acute treatment of migraine attacks, with or without aura, and the acute treatment of cluster headache. Germany and the United Kingdom are two of the largest pharmaceutical markets in Europe. We are entitled to 3% royalty on net sales of SUMAVEL DosePro in all territories.

On June 21, 2011, we entered into an $8.5 million royalty financing agreement (the “Transaction”) with a syndicate of lenders arranged by PBS Capital Management LLC (“PBS Capital”). The agreement created a debt obligation (the “Term Loan”) that will be repaid through and secured by royalties from net sales of the SUMAVEL^® DosePro™ (sumatriptan injection) needle-free delivery system payable to Aradigm under its Asset Purchase Agreement (“APA”) with Zogenix.

Under the terms of the royalty financing agreement, we received a loan of $8.5 million, less fees, transaction and legal expenses (estimated to be approximately $473,000) and an additional $250,000 set aside for an Interest Reserve Account. The lenders will be entitled to receive 100% of all royalties payable to us under the APA until the principal and accrued interest of the Term Loan are fully repaid, after which time the benefit of any further royalties made under the APA will accrue to Aradigm. The Term Loan will accrue interest at the rate equal to the greater of a) LIBOR or b) one-and-a-half percent (1.50%), plus a margin of fourteen-and-a-half percent (14.5%). To the extent royalty payments are insufficient to pay accrued and unpaid interest under the financing, the shortfall will be funded from the Interest Reserve Account or, if the account is insufficient to pay all of the interest due, the shortfall will be

capitalized and added to the principal balance of the Term Loan. The lenders were granted a security interest in the assets of an Aradigm subsidiary that holds Aradigm’s rights to receive royalty payments under the APA. The lenders have no recourse to other assets of Aradigm for repayment of the loan. Amortization of the Term Loan will occur to the extent that royalties payments received for any quarter exceed accrued interest due for that quarter.

We have the right to prepay the Term Loan after June 21, 2012, subject to the payment of the principal balance plus a prepayment fee of eight percent (8%) of the outstanding balance if prepaid in months 13-24 following the Transaction closing date of June 21, 2011; four percent (4%) if prepaid in months 25-36; and two percent (2%) if prepaid in months 37-48. There will be no prepayment fee for prepaying the Term Loan after the forty-eight (48) month anniversary of the closing date. In addition, we have the right to make partial prepayments in an amount no less than the greater of (i) ten percent (10%) of the principal balance of the Term Loan outstanding as of the applicable prepayment date or (ii) $1,000,000. Under no circumstances will the receipt of royalty payments from Zogenix in excess of the accrued interest then due be considered prepayments under the Term Loan.

In connection with the Transaction, Aradigm issued to the lenders warrants to purchase a total of 2,840,909 shares of Aradigm common stock at a strike price of $0.22 per share, representing a 20% premium above the average closing price of Aradigm common stock for the ten trading days immediately preceding the closing of the Transaction. The warrants expire on December 31, 2016.

On July 5, 2011, we entered into a definitive agreement for the sale of common stock to three existing shareholders, including accounts managed by First Eagle Investment Management LLC and Tavistock Life Sciences, in a private placement for aggregate gross proceeds of $4.75 million. The closing of the private placement occurred on July 7, 2011. Under the terms of the agreement, we agreed to sell an aggregate of 25,000,000 shares of common stock at a price of $0.19 per share. After deducting for fees and expenses, the net proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock are anticipated to be approximately $4.4 million. We will be required, among other things, to file a resale registration statement within 30 days following the closing that covers the resale by the purchasers of the shares.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We consider certain accounting policies related to revenue recognition, impairment of long-lived assets, exit/disposal activities, research and development, income taxes and stock-based compensation to be critical accounting policies that require the use of significant judgments and estimates relating to matters that are inherently uncertain and may result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes to the financial statements. These estimates include useful lives for property and equipment and related depreciation calculations, estimated amortization periods for payments received from product development and license agreements as they relate to the revenue recognition, and assumptions for valuing options, warrants and other stock-based compensation. Our actual results could differ from these estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Contract revenues consist of revenues from grants, collaboration agreements and feasibility studies. We recognize revenue under the provisions of the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 104, Topic 13, Revenue Recognition Revised and Updated (“SAB 104”) and Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605-25, Revenue Arrangements-Multiple Element Arrangements (“ASC 605-25”). Revenue for arrangements not having multiple deliverables, as outlined in ASC 605-25, is recognized once costs are incurred and collectability is reasonably assured.

Collaborative license and development agreements often require us to provide multiple deliverables, such as a license, research and development, product steering committee services and other performance obligations. These agreements are accounted for in accordance with ASC 605-25. Under this standard, delivered items are evaluated to determine whether such items have value to our collaborators on a stand-alone basis and whether objective reliable evidence of fair value of the undelivered items exist.

Deliverables that meet these criteria are considered a separate unit of accounting. Deliverables that do not meet these criteria are combined and accounted for as a single unit of accounting. The appropriate revenue recognition criteria are identified and applied to each separate unit of accounting.

Royalty revenue will be earned under the terms of the asset sale agreement with Zogenix. We will recognize revenue when the amounts under this agreement can be determined and when collectability is probable. We have no performance obligations under this agreement. We anticipate recognizing revenue from quarterly royalty payments one quarter in arrears since we believe that we will not be able to determine quarterly royalty earnings until we receive our royalty statements and payments from Zogenix.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

In accordance with ASC 360-10, Property Plant and Equipment — Overall, we review for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of property and equipment may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the carrying amount of the assets, we write down the assets to their estimated fair values and recognize the loss in the statements of operations.

Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities

In accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (“ASC 420”), we recognize a liability for the cost associated with an exit or disposal activity that is measured initially at its fair value in the period in which the liability is incurred, except for a liability for one-time termination benefits that is incurred over time. According to this guidance, costs to terminate an operating lease or other contracts are (a) costs to terminate the contract before the end of its term or (b) costs that will continue to be incurred under the contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to the entity. In periods subsequent to initial measurement, changes to the liability are measured using the risk-free interest rate that was used to measure the liability initially. We recorded losses under this standard for the Mendel sublease in 2007 and for the sublease of additional space in 2009 since the sublease rate was less than the rental rate that we are paying.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for company-sponsored, collaborative and contracted research and development activities. These costs include direct and research-related overhead expenses. Research and development expenses that are reimbursed under collaborative and government grants approximate the revenue recognized under such agreements. We expense research and development costs as such costs are incurred.

Income Taxes

We make certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes. As part of the process of preparing our financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process involves us estimating our current tax exposure under the most recent tax laws and assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. In addition, we evaluate our tax positions to ensure that a minimum recognition threshold is met before we recognize the tax position in the financial statements. The aforementioned differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in our balance sheets.

We assess the likelihood that we will be able to recover our deferred tax assets. We consider all available evidence, both positive and negative, including our historical levels of income and losses, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. If we do not consider it more likely than not that we will recover our deferred tax assets, we will record a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that we estimate will not ultimately be recoverable. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, we believed that the amount of our deferred income taxes would not be ultimately recovered. Accordingly, we recorded a full valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. However, should there be a change in our ability to recover our deferred tax assets, we would recognize a benefit to our tax provision in the period in which we determine that it is more likely than not that we will recover our deferred tax assets. We regularly analyze the status of our deferred tax assets and our ability to utilize them to offset future taxable income, such as income received from collaboration or partnering transactions, and such availability cannot be assured.

Stock-Based Compensation

We account for stock-based payment arrangements in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation and ASC 505-50 Equity-Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees which requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for all costs related to stock-based payments including stock options, restricted stock awards and stock issued under the employee stock purchase plan. These ASC topics require companies to estimate the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of the grant using an option pricing model.

Stock-based compensation expense is recorded to research and development and general and administrative expenses based on the function of the related employee. This charge had no impact on our cash flows for the periods presented.

We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock-based awards as of the grant date. The Black-Scholes model is complex and dependent upon key data input estimates. The primary data inputs with the greatest degree of judgment are the estimated lives of the stock options and the estimated volatility of our stock price. The Black-Scholes model is highly sensitive to changes in these two inputs. The expected term of the options represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. We use the simplified method to estimate the expected term as an input into the Black-Scholes option pricing model. We determine expected volatility using the historical method, which is based on the historical daily trading data of our common stock over the expected term of the option. For more information about our accounting for stock-based compensation, see Note 9 to the audited financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for information on recent accounting pronouncements.

Results of Operations

Three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010

We reduced our net loss by approximately $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 as compared with the three months ended June 30, 2010. This favorable result occurred because of lower research and development costs and the receipt of quarterly royalty payments from Zogenix in the three months ended June 30, 2011. Our net loss increased by approximately $1.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 as compared with the six months ended June 30, 2010. This unfavorable result was due to the one-time receipt of the $4.0 million milestone from Zogenix recorded as royalty revenue in the first quarter of 2010 partially offset by significantly lower research and development expenses during the six month period ended June 30, 2011 as compared with the comparable period in the prior year. Research and development expenses were lower despite our continued investment in our inhaled ciprofloxacin program, including the expenses related to our two Phase 2b clinical trials.

We recorded revenue in the three months ended June 30, 2011 for the Zogenix quarterly royalty receipts of approximately $0.2 million as compared to zero revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2010. Total revenue was approximately $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 as compared with $4.0 million in revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2010. The $4.0 million in royalty revenue related to the milestone payment that was due upon the initial commercialization of Zogenix’s SUMAVEL DosePro product.

Operating expenses were approximately $3.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 which represented an approximately $1.1 million decrease from the three months ended June 30, 2010. Research and development expenses decreased approximately $1.2 million and general and administrative expenses increased by approximately $0.1 million as compared with the three months ended June 30, 2010. Operating expenses were approximately $5.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011, which represented an approximately $2.6 million decrease as compared with the six months ended June 30, 2010. Research and development expenses decreased approximately $2.5 million and general and administrative expenses decreased approximately $0.1 million as compared with the six months ended June 30, 2010.

The decrease in research and development expenses was due to slightly lower headcount, lower depreciation expense and lower clinical trials costs. For the quarter ended June 30, 2011, lower clinical trials costs were mainly due to lower contract manufacturing costs related to the production of inhaled ciprofloxacin for the Phase 2b trials and lower clinical costs due to the ramp up of the Phase 2b trials that occurred in the prior year period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2011, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of approximately $9.4 million and total working capital of approximately $7.2 million. We believe that cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments at June 30, 2011, as well as the proceeds from the July 2011 private placement, will be sufficient to enable us to fund our operations through at least the second quarter of 2012.

Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily through public offerings and private placements of our capital stock, license fees and milestone payments from collaborators, proceeds from the January 2005 restructuring transaction with Novo Nordisk,

borrowings from Novo Nordisk, the milestone and royalty payments associated with the sale of Intraject-related assets to Zogenix, proceeds from the June 2011 royalty financing transaction and interest earned on investments. We have incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations since our inception. At June 30, 2011, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $359.2 million and shareholders’ equity of approximately $0.2 million.

We are currently focusing primarily on establishing funded partnering agreements and sale or out-licensing of non-strategic assets as the means to generate the capital resources needed to fund the further development and commercialization of inhaled ciprofloxacin for the bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis indications. If we are unable to find financing on acceptable terms, we may be required to defer our product development activities.

Six months ended June 30, 2011

Total cash and cash equivalents increased by approximately $3.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to December 31, 2010. The increase in cash and cash equivalents was primarily due to the net proceeds of approximately $8.1 million from the royalty financing transaction in June 2011. This increase was offset by cash used in operations of approximately $4.3 million, as well as cash used for the net purchase of securities of approximately $0.7 million.

Six months ended June 30, 2010

Total cash and cash equivalents increased by approximately $5.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010, compared to December 31, 2009. The increase in cash and cash equivalents was primarily due to the net proceeds of approximately $3.7 million from the sale of common stock in the June 2010 Private Placement and the net proceeds from the sale of short-term investments of approximately $5.2 million. This increase was partially offset by cash used in operations of approximately $3.3 million. Cash used in operations was favorably impacted by the receipt of the $4.0 million milestone payment from Zogenix.

Off-Balance Sheet Financings and Liabilities

Other than contractual obligations incurred in the normal course of business, we do not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements or liabilities, guarantee contracts, retained or contingent interests in transferred assets or any obligation arising out of a material variable interest in an unconsolidated entity. We have one active, wholly-owned subsidiary incorporated in Delaware, Aradigm Royalty Financing LLC, and one inactive, wholly-owned subsidiary domiciled in the United Kingdom.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The disclosures in this section are not required since the Company qualifies as a smaller reporting company.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this report, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the, “Exchange Act”)) were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report to ensure that information that we are required to disclose in reports that management files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these controls and procedures are effective at the “reasonable assurance” level. We believe that a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the control system are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within a company have been detected.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and risk factors set forth in the 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC, the following risk factors should be considered carefully before you decide whether to buy, hold or sell our common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and stock price could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business, financial conditions, results of operations and stock price.

The risk factors included herein include any material changes to and supersede the risk factors associated with our business previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of the 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We have marked with a double asterisk (**) those risk factors that reflect substantive changes from the risk factors included in the 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Risks Related to Our Business

We are an early-stage company.

You must evaluate us in light of the uncertainties and complexities present in an early-stage company. All of our potential products are in an early stage of research or development. Our potential drug products require extensive research, development and pre-clinical and clinical testing. Our potential products also may involve lengthy regulatory reviews before they can be sold. Because none of our product candidates has yet received approval by the FDA, we cannot assure you that our research and development efforts will be successful, any of our potential products will be proven safe and effective or regulatory clearance or approval to sell any of our potential products will be obtained. We cannot assure you that any of our potential products can be manufactured in commercial quantities or at an acceptable cost or marketed successfully. We may abandon the development of some or all of our product candidates at any time and without prior notice. We must incur substantial up-front expenses to develop and commercialize products and failure to achieve commercial feasibility, demonstrate safety, achieve clinical efficacy, obtain regulatory approval or successfully manufacture and market products will negatively impact our business.

**We will need to raise additional capital and we may not be able to raise additional capital on a timely basis, on reasonable terms or at all.

We believe our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of June 30, 2011 and the proceeds from the July 2011 private placement will be sufficient to enable us to fund our operations through at least the second quarter of 2012. We currently have fewer than 2 million authorized unallocated common shares available for future equity financings and we may not be able to use common shares for future equity financings without shareholder approval. We will need to commit substantial funds to develop our product candidates and we may not be able to obtain sufficient funds on acceptable terms or at all, especially in light of the current difficult financing environment. If we are unable to obtain capital on acceptable terms, we may be required to defer our product development activities. Our operations to date have consumed substantial amounts of cash and have generated no significant direct product revenues. We expect negative operating cash flows to continue for at least the foreseeable future. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

	•		our progress in the application of our delivery and formulation technologies, which may require further refinement of these technologies;

	•		the number of product development programs we pursue and the pace of each program;

	•		our progress with formulation development;

	•		the scope, rate of progress, results and costs of preclinical testing and clinical trials;

	•		the time and costs associated with seeking and maintaining regulatory approvals;

	•		our ability to outsource the manufacture of our product candidates and the costs of doing so;

	•		the time and costs associated with establishing in-house resources to market and sell certain of our products;

	•		our ability to establish collaborative arrangements with others and the terms of those arrangements;

	•		the costs of preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining and enforcing patent claims, and

	•		our need to acquire licenses, or other rights for our product candidates.

Since inception, we have financed our operations primarily through private placements and public offerings of our capital stock, contract research funding and interest earned on investments. Our estimates of future capital use are uncertain and changing circumstances, including those related to implementation of, or further changes to, our development strategy, could cause us to consume capital significantly faster than currently expected, and our expected sources of funding may not be sufficient. If adequate funds are not available, we will be required to delay, reduce the scope of, or eliminate one or more of our product development programs or to obtain funds through arrangements with collaborators or other sources that may require us to relinquish rights to or sell certain of our technologies or products that we would not otherwise relinquish or sell. If we are able to obtain funds through the issuance of equity securities, our shareholders may suffer significant dilution and our stock price may drop.

**We have a history of losses, we expect to incur losses for at least the foreseeable future, and we may never attain or maintain profitability.

We have never been profitable and have incurred significant losses in each year since our inception. As of June 30, 2011, we have an accumulated deficit of approximately $359.2 million. We have not had any significant direct product sales and do not anticipate receiving revenues from the sale of any of our products for at least the next few years, if ever. While our shift in development strategy has resulted in reduced operating expenses and capital expenditures, we expect to continue to incur substantial losses for the foreseeable future as we:

	•		continue drug product development efforts;

	•		conduct preclinical testing and clinical trials;

	•		pursue additional applications for our existing delivery technologies;

	•		outsource the commercial-scale production of our products; and

	•		establish a sales and marketing force to commercialize certain of our proprietary products if these products obtain regulatory approval.

To achieve and sustain profitability, we must, alone or with others, successfully develop, obtain regulatory approval for, manufacture, market and sell our products. We expect to incur substantial expenses in our efforts to develop and commercialize products and we may never generate sufficient product or contract research revenues to become profitable or to sustain profitability.

**Our dependence on future collaborators may delay or terminate certain of our programs, and any such delay or termination would harm our business prospects and stock price.

Our commercialization strategy for certain of our product candidates depends on our ability to enter into agreements with collaborators to obtain assistance and funding for the development and potential commercialization of our product candidates. Supporting diligence activities conducted by potential collaborators and negotiating the financial and other terms of a collaboration agreement are long and complex processes with uncertain results. Even if we are successful in entering into one or more collaboration agreements, collaborations may involve greater uncertainty for us, as we have less control over certain aspects of our collaborative programs than we do over our proprietary development and commercialization programs. We may determine that continuing a collaboration under the terms provided is not in our best interest, and we may terminate the collaboration. Our collaborators could delay or terminate their agreements, and our products subject to collaborative arrangements may never be successfully commercialized.

Further, our future collaborators may pursue alternative technologies or develop alternative products either on their own or in collaboration with others, including our competitors, and the priorities or focus of our collaborators may shift such that our programs receive less attention or resources than we would like, or they may be terminated altogether. Any such actions by our collaborators may adversely affect our business prospects and ability to earn revenues. In addition, we could have disputes with our future collaborators, such as the interpretation of terms in our agreements. Any such disagreements could lead to delays in the development or commercialization of any potential products or could result in time-consuming and expensive litigation or arbitration, which may not be resolved in our favor.

Even with respect to certain other programs that we intend to commercialize ourselves, we may enter into agreements with collaborators to share in the burden of conducting clinical trials, manufacturing and marketing our product candidates or products. In addition, our ability to apply our proprietary technologies to develop proprietary drugs will depend on our ability to establish and maintain licensing arrangements or other collaborative arrangements with the holders of proprietary rights to such drugs. We may not be able to establish such arrangements on favorable terms or at all, and our future collaborative arrangements may not be successful.

**We are dependent upon Zogenix and its partners to successfully market and sell the SUMAVEL DosePro needle-free delivery system in order to continue to realize value from this asset.

We have no control over decisions made by Zogenix and/or its partners and collaborators on the marketing, sale or continued development of the SUMAVEL DosePro product and any subsequent products utilizing the DosePro technology. Any delay in, or failure to receive royalties could adversely affect our wholly-owned subsidiary’s ability to repay the term loan entered into in June 2011. While the term loan is non-recourse to the assets of Aradigm Corporation, the term loan agreement contains a minimum royalty covenant. If the minimum royalty covenant is breached and the subsidiary does not cure the breach through a cash contribution to pay down the accrued principal and interest, then the lenders have the right to declare the agreement in default and obtain the right to all future royalties and payments due to Aradigm under the Zogenix asset purchase agreement.

**The results of later stage clinical trials of our product candidates may not be as favorable as earlier trials and that could result in additional costs and delay or prevent commercialization of our products.

Although we believe the limited and preliminary data we have regarding our potential products are encouraging, the results of initial preclinical safety testing and clinical trials do not necessarily predict the results that we will get from subsequent or more extensive preclinical safety testing and clinical trials. Pre-clinical safety testing and clinical trials of our product candidates may not demonstrate that they are safe and effective to the extent necessary to obtain collaborative partnerships and/or regulatory approvals. Many companies in the biopharmaceutical industry have suffered significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials, even after receiving promising results in earlier trials. If we cannot adequately demonstrate through pre-clinical studies and the clinical trial process that a therapeutic product we are developing is safe and effective, regulatory approval of that product would be delayed or prevented, which would impair our reputation, increase our costs and prevent us from earning revenues. For example, while both of our Phase 2b clinical trials (ORBIT-1 and ORBIT-2) with inhaled ciprofloxacin showed promising initial efficacy and safety results in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and our Phase 2a clinical trials showed promising results in both patients with cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, there is no guarantee that longer term studies in larger patient populations will confirm these results or that we will be able to conduct studies that will provide satisfactory evidence of all efficacy and safety endpoints required by the regulatory authorities.

**The results of animal toxicology (“preclinical safety”) studies of our product candidates required for late stage clinical development and product approval may not be as favorable as the results from earlier experiments. Adverse toxicology findings may necessitate additional animal safety studies, or lead to more extensive requirements for safety information from human studies. These factors could result in additional costs and delays or prevent commercialization of our products.

Although we typically select drugs for development that already have a substantial amount of safety data associated with them, and we also conduct a variety of preclinical studies, including animal inhalation toxicology studies, to support our product development, longer term safety studies in animals may be required before late stage clinical trials and product approval. For example, the regulatory authorities may request that we conduct two year carcinogenicity studies if they think that there are grounds to believe that our product could cause cancer. Longer term animal safety studies may produce toxicity findings that were not found in the shorter earlier studies, which could prevent commercialization of our products or could necessitate the conduct of further animal safety studies, leading to delays and additional costs. Toxicology findings from animal studies may also be the reason for more extensive safety monitoring and longer and larger human clinical trials than we originally anticipated, further adding to the cost and time prior to product commercialization.

**If our future clinical trials are delayed because of delays in obtaining FDA clearance to initiate the trials, delays in patient enrollment or other problems, we would incur additional costs and delay the potential receipt of revenues.

Before we or any future collaborators can file for regulatory approval for the commercial sale of our potential products, the FDA will require extensive preclinical safety testing and clinical trials to demonstrate their safety and efficacy. Completing clinical trials in a timely manner depends on, among other factors, obtaining FDA clearance to initiate the trials and the timely enrollment of patients. Our ability to initiate future clinical trials is dependent upon obtaining clearance from the FDA following their review of extensive preclinical safety testing data and the results of previous human clinical trials. Our ability to recruit patients depends on a number of factors, including the size of the patient population, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the eligibility criteria for the study and the existence of competing clinical trials. Delays in our future clinical trials because of delays in obtaining FDA clearance, delays in planned patient enrollment or other problems may result in increased costs, program delays, or both, and the loss of potential revenues.

We are subject to extensive regulation, including the requirement of approval before any of our product candidates can be marketed. We may not obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates on a timely basis, or at all.

We and our products are subject to extensive and rigorous regulation by the federal government, principally the FDA, and by state and local government agencies. Both before and after regulatory approval, the development, testing, manufacture, quality control, labeling, storage, approval, advertising, promotion, sale, distribution and export of our potential products are subject to regulation. Pharmaceutical products that are marketed abroad are also subject to regulation by foreign governments. Our products cannot be marketed in the United States without FDA approval. The process for obtaining FDA approval for drug products is generally lengthy, expensive and uncertain. To date, we have not sought or received approval from the FDA or any corresponding foreign authority for any of our product candidates.

Even though we intend to apply for approval of most of our products in the United States under Section 505(b)(2) of the United States Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, which applies to reformulations of approved drugs and which may require smaller and shorter safety and efficacy testing than that for entirely new drugs, the approval process will still be costly, time-consuming and uncertain. We, or our collaborators, may not be able to obtain necessary regulatory approvals on a timely basis, if at all, for any of our potential products. Even if granted, regulatory approvals may include significant limitations on the uses for which products may be marketed. Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can, among other things, result in warning letters, imposition of civil penalties or other monetary payments, delay in approving or refusal to approve a product candidate, suspension or withdrawal of regulatory approval, product recall or seizure, operating restrictions, interruption of clinical trials or manufacturing, injunctions and criminal prosecution.

Regulatory authorities may delay or not approve our product candidates even if the product candidates meet safety and efficacy endpoints in clinical trials or the approvals may be too limited for us to earn sufficient revenues.

The FDA and other foreign regulatory agencies can delay approval of, or refuse to approve, our product candidates for a variety of reasons, including failure to meet safety and/or efficacy endpoints in our clinical trials. Our product candidates may not be approved even if they achieve their endpoints in clinical trials. Regulatory agencies, including the FDA, may disagree with our trial design and our interpretations of data from preclinical studies and clinical trials. Even if a product candidate is approved, it may be approved for fewer or more limited indications than requested or the approval may be subject to the performance of significant post-marketing studies that can be long and costly. In addition, regulatory agencies may not approve the labeling claims that are necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of our product candidates. Any limitation, condition or denial of approval would have an adverse affect on our business, reputation and results of operations.

Even if we are granted initial FDA approval for any of our product candidates, we may not be able to maintain such approval, which would reduce our revenues.

Even if we are granted initial regulatory approval for a product candidate, the FDA and similar foreign regulatory agencies can limit or withdraw product approvals for a variety of reasons, including failure to comply with regulatory requirements, changes in regulatory requirements, problems with manufacturing facilities or processes or the occurrence of unforeseen problems, such as the discovery of previously undiscovered side effects. If we are able to obtain any product approvals, they may be limited or withdrawn or we may be unable to remain in compliance with regulatory requirements. Both before and after approval we, our future collaborators and our products are subject to a number of additional requirements. For example, certain changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications, certain manufacturing changes and additional labeling claims are subject to additional FDA review and approval. Advertising and other promotional material must comply with FDA requirements and established requirements applicable to drug samples. We, our future collaborators and our manufacturers will be subject to continuing review and periodic inspections by the FDA and other authorities, where applicable, and must comply with ongoing requirements, including the FDA’s Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, requirements. Once the FDA approves a product, a manufacturer must provide certain updated safety and efficacy information, submit copies of promotional materials to the FDA and make certain other required reports. Product approvals may be withdrawn if regulatory requirements are not complied with or if problems concerning safety or efficacy of the product occur following approval. Any limitation or withdrawal of approval of any of our products could delay or prevent sales of our products, which would adversely affect our revenues. Further continuing regulatory requirements may involve expensive ongoing monitoring and testing requirements.

**Because our proprietary inhaled ciprofloxacin programs rely on the FDA’s and European Medicines Agency’s grant of orphan drug designation for potential market exclusivity, the product may not be able to obtain market exclusivity and could be barred from the market in the US for up to seven years or European Union for up to ten years.

The FDA has granted orphan drug designation for our proprietary liposomal ciprofloxacin drug product candidate for the management of cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis and to our ciprofloxacin for inhalation for the management of bronchiectasis. Orphan drug designation is intended to encourage research and development of new therapies for diseases that affect fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States. The designation provides the opportunity to obtain market exclusivity for seven years from the date of the FDA’s approval of a new drug application, or NDA. However, the market exclusivity is granted only to the first chemical entity to be approved by the FDA for a given indication. Therefore, if another similar inhaled ciprofloxacin product were to be approved by the FDA for a cystic fibrosis or bronchiectasis indication before our product, then we may be blocked from launching our product in the United States for seven years, unless we are able to demonstrate to the FDA clinical superiority of our product on the basis of safety or efficacy. For example, Bayer HealthCare is developing an inhaled powder formulation of ciprofloxacin for the treatment of respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. Bayer has obtained orphan drug status for their inhaled powder formulation of ciprofloxacin in the United States and European Union for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.

In August 2009, the European Medicines Agency granted orphan drug designation to our inhaled liposomal ciprofloxacin drug product candidate ARD-3100 for the treatment of lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis. Under European guidelines, Orphan Medicinal Product Designation provides 10 years of potential market exclusivity if the product candidate is the first product candidate for the indication approved for marketing in the European Union. We may seek to develop additional products that incorporate drugs that have received orphan drug designations for specific indications. In each case, if our product is not the first to be approved by the FDA or European Medicines Agency for a given indication, we may not be able to access the target market in the United States and/or the European Union, which would adversely affect our ability to earn revenues.

We have limited manufacturing capacity and will have to depend on contract manufacturers and collaborators; if they do not perform as expected, our revenues and customer relations will suffer.

We have limited capacity to manufacture our requirements for the development and commercialization of our product candidates. We intend to use contract manufacturers to produce our products. We may not be able to enter into or maintain satisfactory contract manufacturing arrangements. For example, our agreement with Sigma-Tau Group to manufacture inhaled ciprofloxacin may be terminated for unforeseen reasons, or we may not be able to reach mutually satisfactory agreements with Sigma-Tau Group to manufacture these at a commercial scale. There may be a significant delay before we find an alternative contract manufacturer or we may not find an alternative contract manufacturer at all.

Further, we, our contract manufacturers and our future collaborators are required to comply with the FDA’s GMP requirements that relate to product testing, quality assurance, manufacturing and maintaining records and documentation. We and our contract manufacturers or our future collaborators may not be able to comply with the applicable GMP and other FDA regulatory requirements

for manufacturing, which could result in an enforcement or other action, prevent commercialization of our product candidates and impair our reputation and results of operations.

**In order to market certain of our proprietary products, we may establish our own sales, marketing and distribution capabilities. We have no experience in these areas, and if we have problems establishing these capabilities, the commercialization of our products would be impaired.

We may establish our own sales, marketing and distribution capabilities to market certain products to concentrated, easily addressable prescriber markets. We have no experience in these areas, and developing these capabilities will require significant expenditures on personnel and infrastructure. While we may market products that are aimed at a small patient population, we may not be able to create an effective sales force around even a niche market. In addition, some of our product candidates will require a large sales force to call on, educate and support physicians and patients. While we intend to enter into collaborations with one or more pharmaceutical companies to sell, market and distribute such products, we may not be able to enter into any such arrangement on acceptable terms, if at all. Any collaboration we do enter into may not be effective in generating meaningful product royalties or other revenues for us.

If any products that we or our future collaborators may develop do not attain adequate market acceptance by healthcare professionals and patients, our business prospects and results of operations will suffer.

Even if we or our future collaborators successfully develop one or more products, such products may not be commercially acceptable to healthcare professionals and patients, who will have to choose our products over alternative products for the same disease indications, and many of these alternative products will be more established than ours. For our products to be commercially viable we will need to demonstrate to healthcare professionals and patients that our products afford benefits to the patients that are cost-effective as compared to the benefits of alternative therapies. Our ability to demonstrate this depends on a variety of factors, including:

	•		the demonstration of efficacy and safety in clinical trials;

	•		the existence, prevalence and severity of any side effects;

	•		the potential or perceived advantages or disadvantages compared to alternative treatments;

	•		the timing of market entry relative to competitive treatments;

	•		the relative cost, convenience, product dependability and ease of administration;

	•		the strength of marketing and distribution support;

	•		the sufficiency of coverage and reimbursement of our product candidates by governmental and other third-party payors; and

	•		the product labeling or product insert required by the FDA or regulatory authorities in other countries.

Our product revenues will be adversely affected if, due to these or other factors, the products we or our future collaborators are able to commercialize do not gain significant market acceptance.

We depend upon our proprietary technologies, and we may not be able to protect our potential competitive proprietary advantage.

Our business and competitive position is dependent upon our and our future collaborators’ ability to protect our proprietary technologies related to various aspects of pulmonary drug delivery and drug formulation. While our intellectual property rights may not provide a significant commercial advantage for us, our patents and know-how are intended to provide protection for important aspects of our technology, including methods for aerosol generation, devices used to generate aerosols, breath control, compliance monitoring, certain pharmaceutical formulations, design of dosage forms and their manufacturing and testing methods. In addition, we are maintaining as non-patented trade secrets some of the key elements of our manufacturing technologies, for example, those associated with the production of inhaled ciprofloxacin.

Our ability to compete effectively will also depend to a significant extent on our and our future collaborators’ ability to obtain and enforce patents and maintain trade secret protection over our proprietary technologies. The coverage claimed in a patent application

typically is significantly reduced before a patent is issued, either in the United States or abroad. Consequently, any of our pending or future patent applications may not result in the issuance of patents and any patents issued may be subjected to further proceedings limiting their scope and may in any event not contain claims broad enough to provide meaningful protection. Any patents that are issued to us or our future collaborators may not provide significant proprietary protection or competitive advantage, and may be circumvented or invalidated. In addition, unpatented proprietary rights, including trade secrets and know-how, can be difficult to protect and may lose their value if they are independently developed by a third party or if their secrecy is lost. Further, because development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products can be subject to substantial delays, patents may expire and provide only a short period of protection, if any, following commercialization of products.

We may infringe on the intellectual property rights of others, and any litigation could force us to stop developing or selling potential products and could be costly, divert management attention and harm our business.

We must be able to develop products without infringing the proprietary rights of other parties. Because the markets in which we operate involve established competitors with significant patent portfolios, including patents relating to compositions of matter, methods of use and methods of drug delivery, it could be difficult for us to use our technologies or develop products without infringing the proprietary rights of others. We may not be able to design around the patented technologies or inventions of others and we may not be able to obtain licenses to use patented technologies on acceptable terms, or at all. If we cannot operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of others, we will not earn product revenues.

If we are required to defend ourselves in a lawsuit, we could incur substantial costs and the lawsuit could divert management’s attention, regardless of the lawsuit’s merit or outcome. These legal actions could seek damages and seek to enjoin testing, manufacturing and marketing of the accused product or process. In addition to potential liability for significant damages, we could be required to obtain a license to continue to manufacture or market the accused product or process and any license required under any such patent may not be made available to us on acceptable terms, if at all.

Periodically, we review publicly available information regarding the development efforts of others in order to determine whether these efforts may violate our proprietary rights. We may determine that litigation is necessary to enforce our proprietary rights against others. Such litigation could result in substantial expense, regardless of its outcome, and may not be resolved in our favor.

Furthermore, patents already issued to us or our pending patent applications may become subject to dispute, and any disputes could be resolved against us. For example, Eli Lilly and Company brought an action against us seeking to have one or more employees of Eli Lilly named as co-inventors on one of our patents. This case was determined in our favor in 2004, but we may face other similar claims in the future and we may lose or settle cases at significant loss to us. In addition, because patent applications in the United States are currently maintained in secrecy for a period of time prior to issuance, patent applications in certain other countries generally are not published until more than 18 months after they are first filed, and publication of discoveries in scientific or patent literature often lags behind actual discoveries, we cannot be certain that we were the first creator of inventions covered by our pending patent applications or that we were the first to file patent applications on such inventions.

We are in a highly competitive market, and our competitors have developed or may develop alternative therapies for our target indications, which would limit the revenue potential of any product we may develop.

We are in competition with pharmaceutical, biotechnology and drug delivery companies, hospitals, research organizations, individual scientists and nonprofit organizations engaged in the development of drugs and therapies for the disease indications we are targeting. Our competitors may succeed before we can, and many already have succeeded, in developing competing technologies for the same disease indications, obtaining FDA approval for products or gaining acceptance for the same markets that we are targeting. If we are not “first to market,” it may be more difficult for us and our future collaborators to enter markets as second or subsequent competitors and become commercially successful. We are aware of a number of companies that are developing or have developed therapies to address indications we are targeting, including major pharmaceutical companies such as Bayer, Genentech (now a part of Roche), Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmith Kline, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis and Pfizer. Certain of these companies are addressing these target markets with pulmonary products that are similar to ours. These companies and many other potential competitors have greater research and development, manufacturing, marketing, sales, distribution, financial and managerial resources and experience than we have and many of these companies may have products and product candidates that are on the market or in a more advanced stage of development than our product candidates. Our ability to earn product revenues and our market share would be substantially harmed if any existing or potential competitors brought a product to market before we or our future collaborators were able to, or if a competitor introduced at any time a product superior to or more cost-effective than ours.

If we do not continue to attract and retain key employees, our product development efforts will be delayed and impaired.

We depend on a small number of key management and technical personnel. Our success also depends on our ability to attract and retain additional highly qualified management, clinical, regulatory and development personnel. There is a shortage of skilled personnel in our industry, we face competition in our recruiting activities, and we may not be able to attract or retain qualified personnel. Losing any of our key employees, particularly our President and Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Igor Gonda, could impair our product development efforts and otherwise harm our business. Any of our employees may terminate their employment with us at will.

If we market our products in other countries, we will be subject to different laws and regulations and we may not be able to adapt to those laws and regulations, which could increase our costs while reducing our revenues.

If we market any approved products in foreign countries, we will be subject to different laws and regulations, particularly with respect to intellectual property rights and regulatory approval. To maintain a proprietary market position in foreign countries, we may seek to protect some of our proprietary inventions through foreign counterpart patent applications. Statutory differences in patentable subject matter may limit the protection we can obtain on some of our inventions outside of the United States. The diversity of patent laws may make our expenses associated with the development and maintenance of intellectual property in foreign jurisdictions more expensive than we anticipate. We probably will not obtain the same patent protection in every market in which we may otherwise be able to potentially generate revenues. In addition, in order to market our products in foreign jurisdictions, we and our future collaborators must obtain required regulatory approvals from foreign regulatory agencies and comply with extensive regulations regarding safety and quality. We may not be able to obtain regulatory approvals in such jurisdictions and we may have to incur significant costs in obtaining or maintaining any foreign regulatory approvals. If approvals to market our products are delayed, if we fail to receive these approvals, or if we lose previously received approvals, our business would be impaired as we could not earn revenues from sales in those countries.

We may be exposed to product liability claims, which would hurt our reputation, market position and operating results.

We face an inherent risk of product liability as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidates in humans and will face an even greater risk upon commercialization of any products. These claims may be made directly by consumers or by pharmaceutical companies or others selling such products. We may be held liable if any product we develop causes injury or is found otherwise unsuitable during product testing, manufacturing or sale. Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, liability claims would likely result in negative publicity, decreased demand for any products that we may develop, injury to our reputation and suspension or withdrawal of clinical trials. Any such claim will be very costly to defend and also may result in substantial monetary awards to clinical trial participants or customers, loss of revenues and the inability to commercialize products that we develop. Although we currently have product liability insurance, we may not be able to maintain such insurance or obtain additional insurance on acceptable terms, in amounts sufficient to protect our business, or at all. A successful claim brought against us in excess of our insurance coverage would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

If we cannot arrange for adequate third-party reimbursement for our products, our revenues will suffer.

In both domestic and foreign markets, sales of our potential products will depend in substantial part on the availability of adequate reimbursement from third-party payors such as government health administration authorities, private health insurers and other organizations. Third-party payors often challenge the price and cost-effectiveness of medical products and services. Significant uncertainty exists as to the adequate reimbursement status of newly approved health care products. Any products we are able to successfully develop may not be reimbursable by third-party payors. In addition, our products may not be considered cost-effective and adequate third-party reimbursement may not be available to enable us to maintain price levels sufficient to realize a profit. Legislation and regulations affecting the pricing of pharmaceuticals may change before our products are approved for marketing and any such changes could further limit reimbursement. If any products we develop do not receive adequate reimbursement, our revenues will be severely limited.

Our use of hazardous materials could subject us to liabilities, fines and sanctions.

Our laboratory and clinical testing sometimes involves the use of hazardous and toxic materials. We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations governing how we use, manufacture, handle, store and dispose of these materials. Although we believe that our safety procedures for handling and disposing of such materials comply in all material respects with all federal, state and local regulations and standards, there is always the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these materials. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for any damages that result and such liability could exceed our financial resources. Compliance with environmental and other laws may be expensive and current or future regulations may impair our development or commercialization efforts.

If we are unable to effectively implement or maintain a system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial results and our stock price could be adversely affected.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires us to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal year, and to include a management report assessing the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for that fiscal year. Our ability to comply with the annual internal control report requirements will depend on the effectiveness of our financial reporting and data systems and controls across our company. We expect these systems and controls to involve significant expenditures and to become increasingly complex as our business grows. To effectively manage this complexity, we will need to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls and our reporting systems and procedures. Any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in the implementation or operation of these controls, could harm our operating results and cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations, which could adversely affect our business and reduce our stock price.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

Our stock price is likely to remain volatile.

The market prices for securities of many companies in the drug delivery and pharmaceutical industries, including ours, have historically been highly volatile, and the market from time to time has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. The market prices for our common stock may continue to be highly volatile in the future. The market prices for our common stock may be influenced by many factors, including:

	•		investor perception of us;

	•		our available cash;

	•		market conditions relating to our segment of the industry or the securities markets in general;

	•		investor perception of the future royalty stream from Zogenix;

	•		sales of our stock by certain large institutional shareholders;

	•		research analyst recommendations and our ability to meet or exceed quarterly performance expectations of analysts or investors;

	•		failure to establish or delays in establishing new collaborative relationships;

	•		fluctuations in our operating results;

	•		announcements of technological innovations or new commercial products by us or our competitors;

	•		publicity regarding actual or potential developments relating to products under development by us or our competitors;

	•		developments or disputes concerning patents or proprietary rights;

	•		delays in the development or approval of our product candidates;

	•		regulatory developments in both the United States and foreign countries;

	•		concern of the public or the medical community as to the safety or efficacy of our products, or products deemed to have similar safety risk factors or other similar characteristics to our products;

	•		future sales or expected sales of substantial amounts of common stock by shareholders;

	•		our ability to raise capital; and

	•		economic and other external factors.

In the past, class action securities litigation has often been instituted against companies promptly following volatility in the market price of their securities. Any such litigation instigated against us would, regardless of its merit, result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources.

Our common stock is quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board, which may provide less liquidity for our shareholders than the national exchanges.

On November 10, 2006, our common stock was delisted from the Nasdaq Capital Market due to non-compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing standards. Our common stock is currently quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board. As compared to being listed on a national exchange, being quoted on the OTC Bulletin Board may result in reduced liquidity for our shareholders, may cause investors not to trade in our stock and may result in a lower stock price. In addition, investors may find it more difficult to obtain accurate quotations of the share price of our common stock. Trading of our common stock through the OTC Bulletin Board is frequently thin and highly volatile, and there is no assurance that a sufficient market will develop in our common stock, in which case it could be difficult for our shareholders to sell their stock.

Our common stock may be considered “penny stock” and may be difficult to sell.

The SEC has adopted regulations which generally define “penny stock” to include an equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to specific exemptions. The market price of our common stock is currently less than $5.00 per share and therefore may be designated as a “penny stock” according to SEC rules. This designation requires any broker or dealer selling these securities to disclose some information concerning the transaction, obtain a written agreement from the purchaser and determine that the purchaser is reasonably suitable to purchase the securities. These rules may restrict the ability of brokers or dealers to sell the common stock and may affect the ability of investors to sell their shares. These regulations may likely have the effect of limiting the trading activity of our common stock and reducing the liquidity of an investment in our common stock.

We have implemented certain anti-takeover provisions, which may make an acquisition less likely or might result in costly litigation or proxy battles.

Certain provisions of our articles of incorporation and the California Corporations Code could discourage a party from acquiring, or make it more difficult for a party to acquire, control of our company without approval of our Board of Directors. These provisions could also limit the price that certain investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. Certain provisions allow our Board of Directors to authorize the issuance, without shareholder approval, of preferred stock with rights superior to those of the common stock. We are also subject to the provisions of Section 1203 of the California Corporations Code, which requires us to provide a fairness opinion to our shareholders in connection with their consideration of any proposed “interested party” reorganization transaction.

We have adopted a shareholder rights plan, commonly known as a “poison pill.” We have also adopted an executive officer severance plan and entered into change of control agreements with our executive officers, both of which may provide for the payment of benefits to our officers and other key employees in connection with an acquisition. The provisions of our articles of incorporation, our poison pill, our severance plan and our change of control agreements, and provisions of the California Corporations Code may discourage, delay or prevent another party from acquiring us or reduce the price that a buyer is willing to pay for our common stock.

One of our shareholders may choose to pursue a lawsuit or engage in a proxy battle with management to limit our use of one or more of these anti-takeover protections. Any such lawsuit or proxy battle would, regardless of its merit or outcome, result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources.

We have never paid dividends on our capital stock, and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends for at least the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends on our common stock for at least the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain all available funds and future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of our business. Therefore, our shareholders will not receive any funds absent a sale of their shares. We cannot assure shareholders of a positive return on their investment if they sell their shares, nor can we assure that shareholders will not lose the entire amount of their investment.

A small number of shareholders own a large percentage of our common stock and can influence the outcome of matters submitted to our shareholders for approval.

A small number of our shareholders own a large percentage of our common stock and can, therefore, influence the outcome of matters submitted to our shareholders for approval. Based on information known to us as of July 5, 2011, our three largest investors, collectively, control in excess of a majority of our outstanding common stock. As a result, these shareholders have the ability to influence the outcome of matters submitted to our shareholders for approval, including certain proposed amendments to our amended and restated articles of incorporation (for example, amendments to increase the number of our authorized shares) and any proposed merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets. These shareholders may support proposals and actions with which you may disagree. The concentration of ownership could delay or prevent a change in control of our company or otherwise discourage a potential acquirer from attempting to obtain control of our company, which in turn could reduce the price of our common stock.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

On July 7, 2011, we closed a private placement, which we refer to in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as the July 2011 private placement, in which we sold 25,000,000 shares of our common stock to accredited investors (which included a few then-existing significant shareholders) under the terms of a securities purchase agreement that we entered into with the accredited investors on July 5, 2011. At the closing of the July 2011 private placement, we received approximately $4.75 million in aggregate gross proceeds from the sale of the common stock. After deducting fees and expenses, the aggregate net proceeds from the sale of the common stock were approximately $4.4 million. The common stock was offered and sold to the accredited investors without registration under the Securities Act, or any state securities laws in reliance on the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(2) thereof and rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

Item 4. (REMOVED AND RESERVED)

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

Item 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit
Number		Description
10.1(1)		Amended and Restated Executive Officer Severance Benefit Plan

10.2(1)		Amended and Restated Change of Control Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2011 by and between the Company and Igor Gonda

10.3(1)		Amended and Restated Change of Control Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2011 by and between the Company and Nancy Pecota

10.4(1)		Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and each of its directors and senior officers

31.1		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification of the Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.1(2)		The following materials from the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 are formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (iv) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

(1)		Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on April 18, 2011.
(2)		Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the XBRL files on Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections.


		Aradigm and AERx are registered trademarks of Aradigm Corporation

*		Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	ARADIGM CORPORATION
	/s/ Igor Gonda
	Igor Gonda
	President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)


	/s/ Nancy E. Pecota
	Nancy E. Pecota
	Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Dated: August 8, 2011

INDEX TO EXHIBITS


Exhibit
Number		Description
10.1(1)		Amended and Restated Executive Officer Severance Benefit Plan

10.2(1)		Amended and Restated Change of Control Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2011, by and between the Company and Igor Gonda

10.3(1)		Amended and Restated Change of Control Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2011, by and between the Company and Nancy Pecota

10.4(1)		Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and each of its directors and senior officers

31.1		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification of the Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1		Certification of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.1(2)		The following materials from the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 are formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (iv) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

(1)		Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on April 18, 2011.
(2)		Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the XBRL files on Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections.

EX-31.1 2 f59678exv31w1.htm EX-31.1 exv31w1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Igor Gonda, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Aradigm Corporation;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

	a.		Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

	b.		Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

	c.		Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

	d.		Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

	a.		All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

	b.		Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.



	/s/ Igor Gonda
	Igor Gonda
	President and Chief Executive Officer

Dated: August 8, 2011

EX-31.2 3 f59678exv31w2.htm EX-31.2 exv31w2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Nancy E. Pecota, certify that:

I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Aradigm Corporation;

	a.		Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

	b.		Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

	c.		Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

	d.		Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

	a.		All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

	b.		Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.



	/s/ Nancy E. Pecota
	Nancy E. Pecota
	Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer

Dated: August 8, 2011

EX-32.1 4 f59678exv32w1.htm EX-32.1 exv32w1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION*

Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code, Igor Gonda, President and Chief Executive Officer of Aradigm Corporation (the “Company”), and Nancy E. Pecota, Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each hereby certifies that, to the best of his or her knowledge:

1. The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2011, to which this Certification is attached as Exhibit 32.1 (the “Quarterly Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, and

2. The information contained in the Quarterly Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition of the Company at the end of the period covered by the Quarterly Report and results of operations of the Company for the period covered by the Quarterly Report.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have set their hands hereto as of the 8th day of August 2011.


/s/ Igor Gonda		/s/ Nancy E. Pecota

President and Chief Executive Officer		Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer

Dated: August 8, 2011		Dated: August 8, 2011


*		This certification accompanies the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to which it relates, is not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Aradigm Corporation under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (whether made before or after the date of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

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3903000

9608000

<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <div align="center" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt"><b></b> </div> <div align="left"> </div> <div align="center" style="font-size: 10pt"><b></b></div> <div align="center" style="font-size: 10pt"><b></b></div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b>1. Organization, Basis of Presentation and Liquidity</b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"><b><i>Organization</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     Aradigm Corporation (the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) is a California corporation, incorporated in 1991, focused on the development and commercialization of drugs delivered by inhalation for the treatment of severe respiratory diseases. The Company’s principal activities to date have included conducting research and development and developing collaborations. Management does not anticipate receiving any revenues from the sale of products in the upcoming year, except for royalty revenue from Zogenix. The Company operates as a single operating segment. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b><i>Basis of Presentation</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for fair presentation. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, as filed with the SEC on March 25, 2011 (the “2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K”). The results of the Company’s operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of operating results for the full fiscal year or any future interim period. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The balance sheet at December 31, 2010 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by United States generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. For further information, please refer to the financial statements and notes thereto included in the 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aradigm Corporation and the Company’s active wholly-owned subsidiary, Aradigm Royalty Financing LLC. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b><i>Liquidity</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The Company had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of approximately $9.4 million as of June 30, 2011. Management believes that this amount, as well as the proceeds from the July 2011 private placement (see Note 12), will be sufficient to fund operations through at least the second quarter of 2012. </div> </div>

<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b>2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"><b><i>Use of Estimates</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates include useful lives for property and equipment and related depreciation calculations, estimated amortization period for expenses associated with the June 2011 royalty financing transaction and for payments received from product development and license agreements as they relate to revenue recognition, assumptions for valuing options and warrants, and income taxes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b><i>Cash and Cash Equivalents</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     All highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase are classified as cash equivalents. </div>   </div>  <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b><i>Investments</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     Management determines the appropriate classification of the Company’s investments, which consist solely of debt securities, at the time of purchase. All investments are classified as available-for-sale, carried at estimated fair value and reported in cash and cash equivalents or short-term investments. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are excluded from earnings and losses and are reported as a separate component in the statement of shareholders’ equity until realized. Fair values of investments are based on quoted market prices where available. Investment income is recognized when earned and includes interest, dividends, amortization of purchase premiums and discounts, and realized gains and losses on sales of securities. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. The Company regularly reviews all of its investments for other-than-temporary declines in fair value. When the Company determines that the decline in fair value of an investment below the Company’s accounting basis is other-than-temporary, the Company reduces the carrying value of the securities held and records a loss equal to the amount of any such decline. No such reductions were required during any of the periods presented. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b><i>Property and Equipment</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The Company records property and equipment at cost and calculates depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Machinery and equipment includes external costs incurred for validation of the equipment. The Company does not capitalize internal validation expense. Computer equipment and software includes capitalized computer software. All of the Company’s capitalized software is purchased; the Company has not internally developed computer software. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the term of the lease or useful life of the improvement. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b><i>Impairment of Long-Lived Assets</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-10, <i>Property, Plant, and Equipment — Overall</i>, the Company reviews for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of property and equipment may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the carrying amount of the assets, the assets are written down to their estimated fair values and the loss is recognized in the statements of operations. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b><i>Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     In accordance with ASC 420, <i>Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations </i>(“ASC 420”), the Company recognizes a liability for the cost associated with an exit or disposal activity that is measured initially at its fair value in the period in which the liability is incurred. The Company accounted for the partial sublease of its headquarters building as an exit activity and recorded the sublease loss in its statement of operations (see Note 5). </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     According to ASC 420, costs to terminate an operating lease or other contracts are (a) costs to terminate the contract before the end of its term or (b) costs that will continue to be incurred under the contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to the entity. In periods subsequent to initial measurement, changes to the liability are measured using the credit-adjusted risk-free rate that was used to measure the liability initially. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b><i>Revenue Recognition</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The Company recognizes revenue under the provisions of the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 104, Topic 13, <i>Revenue Recognition Revised and Updated </i>(“SAB Topic 13”) and ASC 605-25<i>, Revenue Recognition Multiple Elements </i>(“ASC 605-25”). Revenue for arrangements not having multiple deliverables, as outlined in ASC 605-25, is recognized once costs are incurred and collectability is reasonably assured. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     In accordance with contract terms, milestone payments from collaborative research agreements are considered reimbursements for costs incurred under the agreements and, accordingly, are recognized as revenue either upon completion of the milestone effort, when payments are contingent upon completion of the effort, or are based on actual efforts expended over the remaining term of the agreement when payments precede the required efforts. Refundable development payments are deferred until specific performance criteria are achieved. Refundable development payments are generally not refundable once specific performance criteria are achieved and accepted. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     Collaborative license and development agreements that require the Company to provide multiple deliverables, such as a license, research and product steering committee services and other performance obligations, are accounted for in accordance with ASC 605-25. Under ASC 605-25, delivered items are evaluated to determine whether such items have value to the Company’s collaborators on a stand-alone basis and whether objective reliable evidence of fair value of the undelivered items exists. Deliverables that meet these criteria are considered a separate unit of accounting. Deliverables that do not meet these criteria are combined and accounted for as a single unit of accounting. The appropriate revenue recognition criteria are identified and applied to each separate unit of accounting. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     Royalty revenue will be earned under the terms of the asset sale agreement with Zogenix. The Company will recognize revenue when the amounts under this agreement can be determined and when collectability is probable. The Company has no performance obligations under this agreement. The Company anticipates recognizing revenue from quarterly royalty payments one quarter in arrears since it believes it will not be able to determine quarterly royalty earnings until it receives the royalty statements from Zogenix. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b><i>Research and Development</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for company-sponsored, collaborative and contracted research and development activities. These costs include direct and research-related overhead expenses. The Company expenses research and development costs as such costs are incurred. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b><i>Stock-Based Compensation</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The Company accounts for share-based payment arrangements in accordance with ASC 718, <i>Compensation-Stock Compensation </i>and ASC 505-50, <i>Equity-Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees </i>which requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for all costs related to share-based payments including stock options and restricted stock awards and stock issued under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan. This guidance requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of the grant using an option-pricing model. The Company has adopted the simplified method to calculate the beginning balance of the additional paid-in capital, or APIC pool of excess tax benefits, and to determine the subsequent effect on the APIC pool and statement of cash flows of the tax effects of stock-based compensation awards. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b><i>Income Taxes</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The Company makes certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes. As part of the process of preparing the financial statements, the Company is required to estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. This process involves the Company estimating its current tax exposure under the most recent tax laws and assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the balance sheets. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The Company assesses the likelihood that it will be able to recover its deferred tax assets. It considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, including the historical levels of income and losses, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. If the Company does not consider it more likely than not that it will recover its deferred tax assets, the Company records a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that it estimates will not ultimately be recoverable. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company believed that the amount of its deferred income taxes would not be ultimately recovered. Accordingly, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. However, should there be a change in the Company’s ability to recover its deferred tax assets, the Company would recognize a benefit to its tax provision in the period in which it determines that it is more likely than not that it will recover its deferred tax assets. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b><i>Net Loss Per Common Share</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     Basic net loss per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period less the weighted-average number of restricted shares of common stock subject to repurchase. Potentially dilutive securities were not included in the net loss per common share calculation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, because the inclusion of such shares would have had an anti-dilutive effect. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b><i>Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     In April 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2010-17, <i>Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force. </i>This standard provides guidance on defining a milestone and determining when it may be appropriate to apply the milestone method for revenue recognition for research and development arrangements. This standard provides guidance on the criteria that should be met to recognize revenue upon achievement of the related milestone event. The ASU is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those fiscal years) beginning on or after June 15, 2010. The Company adopted this guidance in the third quarter of 2010. While the Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations, this standard may impact the Company in the event the Company completes future transactions. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     In September 2009, the FASB issued ASU 2009-13 <i>Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements </i>(formerly EITF Issue No. 08-1 “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables”). This standard modifies the revenue recognition guidance for arrangements that involve the delivery of multiple elements, such as product, license fees and research and development reimbursements, to a customer at different times as part of a single revenue generating transaction. This standard provides principles and application guidance to determine whether multiple deliverables exist, how the individual deliverables should be separated and how to allocate the revenue in the arrangement among those separate deliverables. The standard also significantly expands the disclosure requirements for multiple deliverable revenue arrangements. While the Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations, this standard may impact the Company in the event the Company completes future transactions. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): <i>Presentation of Comprehensive Income</i>. ASU 2011-05 eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholder’s equity and instead requires separate statements of comprehensive income. The amendment is effective for the fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2011-05 to have a material impact on our financial position and results of operation. </div> </div>

<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b>3. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments</b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the amortized cost of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments approximated their fair values. The Company considers all liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. All short-term investments at June 30, 2011 mature in less than one year. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The Company invests its cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments in money market funds, commercial paper and corporate and government notes. All of these securities are classified as available-for-sale with the unrealized gain and loss being recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income; there were no unrealized gains or losses at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. </div> </div>

<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b>4. Fair Value Measurements</b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS 157, <i>Fair Value Measurements</i>, (now referred to as ASC 820) which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used to measure fair value and expands disclosures about the use of fair value measurements. The fair value hierarchy has three levels based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value. Level 1 values are based on quoted prices in active markets. Level 2 values are based on significant other observable inputs. Level 3 values are based on significant unobservable inputs. The following table presents the fair value level for the assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and are categorized using the fair value hierarchy. The Company does not have any liabilities that are measured at fair value. </div> <div align="center"> <table style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">  <tr valign="bottom"> <td width="52%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="14" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>Fair Value Measurements</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>(In thousands)</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Quoted Prices</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Significant</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>in Active</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Other</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Significant</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Markets for</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Observable</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Unobservable</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Balance</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Identical Assets</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Inputs</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Inputs</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="left" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>Description</b></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>June 30, 2011</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>(Level 1)</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>(Level 2)</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>(Level 3)</b></td> <td> </td> </tr>   <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Cash and cash equivalents </div></td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">8,481</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">8,481</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 1px"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">  </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Short-term investments: </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td> <div style="margin-left:30px; text-indent:-15px">Commercial paper </div></td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">399</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">399</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <div style="margin-left:30px; text-indent:-15px">U.S. treasury and agencies </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">500</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">500</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 1px"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">  </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Total </div></td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">899</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">899</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 1px"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">  </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> </tr>  </table> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The Company’s cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2011 consist of cash and money market funds. Money market funds are valued using quoted market prices. The Company’s short-term investments at June 30, 2011 consisted of commercial paper and U.S agency notes. The Company uses an independent third party pricing service to value its commercial paper and other Level 2 investments. The pricing service uses observable inputs such as new issue money market rates, adjustment spreads, corporate actions and other factors and applies a series of matrices pricing model. The Company performs a review of prices reported by the pricing service to determine if they are reasonable estimates of fair value. In addition, the Company performs a review of its securities to determine the proper classification in accordance with the fair value hierarchy. </div> </div>

<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b>5. Sublease Agreement and Lease Exit Liability</b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     On July 18, 2007, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with Mendel Biotechnology, Inc. (“Mendel”), under which the Company subleases to Mendel approximately 48,000 square feet of the 72,000 square foot facility located at 3929 Point Eden Way, Hayward, CA. The Company recorded a $2.1 million impairment expense related to the sublease for the year ended December, 31, 2007. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The Company recorded this expense and the related lease exit liability because the monthly payments the Company expects to receive under the sublease are less than the amounts that the Company will owe the lessor for the sublease space. The fair value of the lease exit liability was determined using a credit-adjusted risk-free rate to discount the estimated future net cash flows, consisting of the minimum lease payments to the lessor for the sublease space and payments the Company will receive under the sublease. The sublease loss and ongoing accretion expense required to record the lease exit liability at its fair value using the interest method have been recorded as part of restructuring and asset impairment expense in the statement of operations. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The lease exit liability activity for the six months ended June 30, 2011 is as follows (in thousands): </div> <div align="center"> <table style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">  <tr valign="bottom"> <td width="88%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Six Months Ended</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>June 30, 2011</b></td> <td> </td> </tr>   <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Balance at January 1, 2011 </div></td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">828</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Accretion expense </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">20</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Lease payments </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="left"> </td> <td align="right">(63</td> <td nowrap="nowrap">)</td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 1px"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">  </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <div style="margin-left:30px; text-indent:-15px">Balance at June 30, 2011 </div></td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">785</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 1px"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">  </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> </tr>  </table> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     As of June 30, 2011, $108,000 of the $785,000 balance was recorded as a current liability and $677,000 was recorded as a non-current liability. </div> </div>

<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b>6. Other Accrued Liabilities</b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     Other accrued liabilities consist of accrued rent and accrued expenses for legal services, audit-related services and payroll withholding liabilities. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     At June 30, 2011, other accrued liabilities consisted of accrued rent of $410,000, accrued expenses for services of $335,000 and payroll withholding liabilities of $33,000. At December 31, 2010, other accrued liabilities consisted of accrued rent of $235,000, accrued expenses for services of $178,000 and payroll withholding liabilities of $37,000. In July 2010, the Company entered into an agreement with the landlord of the Hayward facility to defer a portion of the monthly rent payment over a one year period. The repayment period was over 12 months beginning in September 2011, if not repaid sooner without pre-payment penalty. Deferred amounts accrue interest at 10% per annum. </div> </div>

<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b>7. Collaborations and Royalty Agreements</b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"><b><i>Zogenix</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     In August 2006, the Company sold all of its assets related to the Intraject needle-free injector technology platform and products, including 12 United States patents along with foreign counterparts, to Zogenix, Inc., a privately-held pharmaceutical company. Zogenix is responsible for further development and commercialization efforts of Intraject (now rebranded under the name DosePro*). On January 13, 2010, Zogenix announced the U.S. commercial launch of its SUMAVEL* DosePro product. Under the terms of the asset sale agreement, the Company is entitled to receive quarterly royalty payments from Zogenix in the amount of 3% of net sales of DosePro products. Revenue will be recognized from the quarterly royalty payments one quarter in arrears due to the contractual sixty day lag in royalty reporting under the asset sale agreement. The Company recorded recurring royalty revenue of $184,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2011. </div> </div>

<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b>8. Note Payable and Accrued Interest</b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     On June 21, 2011, the Company entered into an $8.5 million royalty financing agreement with a syndicate of lenders. The agreement created a debt obligation (the “Term Loan”) that will be repaid through and secured by royalties from net sales of the SUMAVEL DosePro (sumatriptan injection) needle-free delivery system payable to the Company under its Asset Purchase Agreement (“APA”) with Zogenix. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     Under the terms of the royalty financing agreement, the Company received a loan of $8.5 million, less fees, transaction and legal expenses (estimated to be approximately $473,000) and an additional $250,000 set aside for an Interest Reserve Account. The lenders will be entitled to receive 100% of all royalties payable to the Company under the APA until the principal and accrued interest of the Term Loan are fully repaid, after which time the benefit of any further royalties made under the APA will accrue to Aradigm. The Term Loan will accrue interest at the rate equal to the greater of a) LIBOR or b) one-and-a-half percent (1.50%), plus a margin of fourteen-and-a-half percent (14.5%). To the extent royalty payments are insufficient to pay accrued and unpaid interest under the financing, the shortfall will be funded from the Interest Reserve Account or, if the account is insufficient to pay all of the interest due, the shortfall will be capitalized and added to the principal balance of the Term Loan. The lenders were granted a security interest in the assets of an Aradigm subsidiary, Aradigm Royalty Financing LLC, which holds Aradigm’s rights to receive royalty payments under the APA. The lenders have no recourse to other assets of Aradigm for repayment of the loan. Amortization of the Term Loan will occur to the extent that royalties payments received for any quarter exceed accrued interest due for that quarter. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The Company has the right to prepay the Term Loan after June 21, 2012, subject to the payment of the principal balance plus a prepayment fee of eight percent (8%) of the outstanding balance if prepaid in months 13-24 following the transaction closing date of June 21, 2011; four percent (4%) if prepaid in months 25-36; and two percent (2%) if prepaid in months 37-48. There will be no prepayment fee for prepaying the Term Loan after the forty-eight (48) month anniversary of the closing date. In addition, the Company has the right to make partial prepayments in an amount no less than the greater of (i) ten percent (10%) of the principal balance of the Term Loan outstanding as of the applicable prepayment date or (ii) $1,000,000. Under no circumstances will the receipt of royalty payments from Zogenix in excess of the accrued interest then due be considered prepayments under the Term Loan. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     In accordance with Accounting Standards Topic 470 — <i>Debt</i>, the Company capitalized the fees, transaction and legal expenses of approximately $473,000 and recorded this amount in other assets. The capitalized expenses will be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over a period of 48 months. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The Interest Reserve account was recorded in prepaid and other current assets. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     In connection with the transaction, Aradigm issued to the lenders warrants to purchase a total of 2,840,909 shares of Aradigm common stock at a strike price of $0.22 per share, representing a 20% premium above the average closing price of Aradigm common stock for the ten trading days immediately preceding the closing of the transaction. The warrants expire on December 31, 2016. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     In accordance with Accounting Standards Topic 815, the warrants were treated as equity instruments and their fair value was determined to be approximately $390,000. The fair value of the warrants is considered a discount against the note and was recorded as a reduction of the note payable. The fair value of the warrants will be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over a period of 48 months. </div> </div>

<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b>9. Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Options, Awards and Units</b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The following table shows the stock-based compensation expense included in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 (in thousands): </div> <div align="center"> <table style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">  <tr valign="bottom"> <td width="52%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="6"><b>Three Months Ended</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="6"><b>Six Months Ended</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="6" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>June 30,</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="6" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>June 30,</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>2011</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>2010</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>2011</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>2010</b></td> <td> </td> </tr>   <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Costs and expenses: </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <div style="margin-left:30px; text-indent:-15px">Research and development </div></td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">57</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">41</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">122</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">92</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td> <div style="margin-left:30px; text-indent:-15px">General and administrative </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">133</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">149</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">256</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">359</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 1px"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">  </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <div style="margin-left:30px; text-indent:-15px">Total stock-based compensation expense </div></td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">190</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">190</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">378</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">451</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 1px"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">  </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> </tr>  </table> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     There was no capitalized stock-based employee compensation cost for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010. Since the Company incurred net losses during the quarters ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, there was no recognized tax benefit associated with stock-based compensation expense. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The total amount of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options and stock purchases, net of forfeitures, was $0.5 million as of June 30, 2011. This amount will be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.25 years. </div>   </div>  <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     For restricted stock awards, the Company recognizes compensation expense over the vesting period for the fair value of the stock award on the measurement date. The total fair value of restricted stock awards that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $79,000. The Company retained purchase rights with respect to 2,344,043 shares of unvested restricted stock awards issued pursuant to stock purchase agreements at no cost per share as of June 30, 2011. As of June 30, 2011, there was $0.2 million of total unrecognized compensation costs, net of forfeitures, related to non-vested stock awards which are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.56 years. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b><i>Stock Option Plans: 1996 Equity Incentive Plan, 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and 1996 Non-Employee Directors’ Plan</i></b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The 1996 Equity Incentive Plan (the “1996 Plan”) and the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2005 Plan”), which amended, restated and retitled the 1996 Plan, were adopted to provide a means by which selected officers, directors, scientific advisory board members and employees of and consultants to the Company and its affiliates could be given an opportunity to acquire an equity interest in the Company. All employees, directors, officers, scientific advisory board members and consultants of the Company are eligible to participate in the 2005 Plan. During 2000, the Board of Directors approved the termination of the 1996 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan (the “Directors’ Plan”). This termination had no effect on options already outstanding under the Directors’ Plan. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><i>Stock Option Activity</i> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The following is a summary of activity under the 1996 Plan, the 2005 Plan and the Directors’ Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2011: </div> <div align="center"> <table style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">  <tr valign="bottom"> <td width="28%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="18" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>Options Outstanding</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Shares Available</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Weighted</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>for Grant of</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Average</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Option, Award or</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Number of</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Exercise</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>Unit</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>Shares</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="10" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>Exercise Price Range</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>Price</b></td> <td> </td> </tr>   <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Balance at January 1, 2011 </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">1,959,278</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">6,354,758</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">0.12</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">64.69</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">1.32</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Options granted </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="left"> </td> <td align="right">(500,000</td> <td nowrap="nowrap">)</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">500,000</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">0.18</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">0.19</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">0.19</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Options cancelled </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">84,898</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="left"> </td> <td align="right">(84,898</td> <td nowrap="nowrap">)</td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">0.25</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">64.69</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">9.69</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Restricted share awards granted </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="left"> </td> <td align="right">(328,948</td> <td nowrap="nowrap">)</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Restricted share units awarded </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="left"> </td> <td align="right">(78,947</td> <td nowrap="nowrap">)</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 1px"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">  </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <div style="margin-left:30px; text-indent:-15px">Balance at June 30, 2011 </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">1,136,281</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">6,769,860</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">0.12</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">24.10</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">1.13</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 1px"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">  </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr>  </table> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     Aggregate intrinsic value is the sum of the amounts by which the quoted market price of the Company’s stock exceeded the exercise price of the stock options at June 30, 2011 for those stock options for which the quoted market price was in excess of the exercise price (“in-the-money options”). As of June 30, 2011, options to purchase 4,820,616 shares of common stock were exercisable and had an aggregate intrinsic value of $52,000. No stock options were exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2011. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     A summary of the Company’s unvested restricted stock and performance bonus stock award as of June 30, 2011 is presented below representing the maximum number of shares that could be earned or vested under the 2005 Plan: </div> <div align="center"> <table style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">  <tr valign="bottom"> <td width="76%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Number</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Weighted Average</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>of</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2"><b>Grant Date Fair</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>Shares</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>Value</b></td> <td> </td> </tr>   <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Balance at December 31, 2010 </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">2,448,273</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">0.44</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Restricted share awards issued </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">328,948</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">0.19</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Restricted share awards vested </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="left"> </td> <td align="right">(433,178</td> <td nowrap="nowrap">)</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">0.18</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 1px"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">  </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <div style="margin-left:30px; text-indent:-15px">Balance at June 30, 2011 </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">2,344,043</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="left">$</td> <td align="right">0.45</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 1px"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">  </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr>  </table> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     During the three months ended June 30, 2011, the Company issued 78,947 shares of restricted stock units with no exercise price to a non-employee member of its Board of Directors. The units will vest on the earlier of either a change in control of the Company or upon the grantee’s termination of service as a Board member. In 2011, the non-employee members of the Board of Directors elected to forego all or a portion of their cash compensation in lieu of the aforementioned restricted stock unit grants and restricted stock awards. </div>   </div>  <div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> </div>

<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b>10. Net Loss Per Common Share</b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The Company computes basic net loss per common share using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period less the weighted-average number of shares of common stock subject to repurchase. The effects of including the incremental shares associated with options, warrants and unvested restricted stock are anti-dilutive, and are not included in the diluted weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the six month periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     The Company excluded the following securities from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, as their effect would be anti-dilutive (in thousands): </div> <div align="center"> <table style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">  <tr valign="bottom"> <td width="76%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="6"><b>Six months ended</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="6" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>June 30,</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>2011</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>2010</b></td> <td> </td> </tr>   <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Outstanding stock options </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">6,770</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">4,962</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Unvested restricted stock </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">2,344</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">2,497</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Unvested restricted stock units </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">412</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">333</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Outstanding common stock warrants </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">3,591</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">7,527</td> <td> </td> </tr>  </table> </div> </div>

<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b>11. Comprehensive Loss</b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     Comprehensive loss includes net loss and other comprehensive income (loss), which for the Company is primarily comprised of unrealized holding gains and losses on the Company’s available-for-sale securities that are excluded from the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations in computing net loss and reported separately in shareholders’ equity. Comprehensive loss and its components are as follows (in thousands): </div> <div align="center"> <table style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left" cellspacing="0" border="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%">  <tr valign="bottom"> <td width="76%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> <td width="5%"> </td> <td width="1%"> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="6"><b>Six months ended</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="6" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>June 30,</b></td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 8pt" valign="bottom"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>2011</b></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #000000"><b>2010</b></td> <td> </td> </tr>   <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Net loss </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="left">$</td> <td align="right">(5,341</td> <td nowrap="nowrap">)</td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="left">$</td> <td align="right">(4,332</td> <td nowrap="nowrap">)</td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Other comprehensive income (loss): </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom" style="background: #cceeff"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">Change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities </div></td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="right">—</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="left"> </td> <td align="right">(2</td> <td nowrap="nowrap">)</td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 1px"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">  </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 1px solid #000000"> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr valign="bottom"> <td> <div style="margin-left:30px; text-indent:-15px">Comprehensive loss </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="left">$</td> <td align="right">(5,341</td> <td nowrap="nowrap">)</td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" align="left">$</td> <td align="right">(4,334</td> <td nowrap="nowrap">)</td> </tr> <tr style="font-size: 1px"> <td> <div style="margin-left:15px; text-indent:-15px">  </div></td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td nowrap="nowrap" colspan="2" align="right" style="border-top: 3px double #000000"> </td> <td> </td> </tr>  </table> </div> </div>

<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif"> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b>12. Subsequent Events</b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"><b>July 2011 Private Placement</b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">     On July 5, 2011, the Company entered into a definitive agreement for the sale of common stock to three existing shareholders, including accounts managed by First Eagle Investment Management LLC and Tavistock Life Sciences, in a private placement for aggregate gross proceeds of $4.75 million. The closing of the private placement occurred on July 7, 2011. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company agreed to sell an aggregate of 25,000,000 shares of common stock at a price of $0.19 per share. After deducting for fees and expenses, the net proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock are anticipated to be approximately $4.4 million. The Company will be required, among other things, to file a resale registration statement within 30 days following the closing that covers the resale by the purchasers of the shares. </div> <div align="left"> </div> </div>

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) (USD $)	Jun. 30, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, shares authorized	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0	$ 0
Common stock, shares authorized	213,527,214	213,527,214
Common stock, shares issued	173,114,301	172,304,235
Common stock, shares outstanding	173,114,301	172,304,235

- Definition

Total number of shares of common stock held by shareholders. May be all or portion of the number of common shares authorized. These shares represent the ownership interest of the common shareholders. Shares outstanding equals shares issued minus shares held in treasury and other adjustments, if any.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) (USD $) In Thousands, except Per Share data	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2011	Jun. 30, 2010	Jun. 30, 2011	Jun. 30, 2010
Revenue:
Royalty revenue	$ 184		$ 366	$ 4,000
Operating expenses:
Research and development	1,584	2,736	3,064	5,573
General and administrative	1,440	1,382	2,575	2,635
Restructuring and asset impairment	10	13	20	26
Total operating expenses	3,034	4,131	5,659	8,234
Loss from operations	(2,850)	(4,131)	(5,293)	(4,234)
Interest income	1	4	3	14
Interest expense	(46)	(109)	(53)	(218)
Other income (expense), net	1	108	2	106
Net loss	$ (2,894)	$ (4,128)	$ (5,341)	$ (4,332)
Basic and diluted net loss per common share	$ (0.02)	$ (0.04)	$ (0.03)	$ (0.04)
Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per common share	170,731	104,891	170,435	102,396

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Document and Entity Information (USD $)	6 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information (USD $)	Jun. 30, 2011	Aug. 01, 2011	Jun. 30, 2010
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	ARADIGM CORP
Entity Central Index Key	0001013238
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2011
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2011
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Entity Public Float			$ 15,131,761
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		198,114,301

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Collaborations and Royalty Agreements	6 Months Ended
Collaborations and Royalty Agreements	Jun. 30, 2011
Collaborations and Royalty Agreements [Abstract]
Collaborations and Royalty Agreements	7. Collaborations and Royalty Agreements *Zogenix* In August 2006, the Company sold all of its assets related to the Intraject needle-free injector technology platform and products, including 12 United States patents along with foreign counterparts, to Zogenix, Inc., a privately-held pharmaceutical company. Zogenix is responsible for further development and commercialization efforts of Intraject (now rebranded under the name DosePro). On January 13, 2010, Zogenix announced the U.S. commercial launch of its SUMAVEL DosePro product. Under the terms of the asset sale agreement, the Company is entitled to receive quarterly royalty payments from Zogenix in the amount of 3% of net sales of DosePro products. Revenue will be recognized from the quarterly royalty payments one quarter in arrears due to the contractual sixty day lag in royalty reporting under the asset sale agreement. The Company recorded recurring royalty revenue of $184,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2011.

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Subsequent Events	6 Months Ended
Subsequent Events	Jun. 30, 2011
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events	12. Subsequent Events July 2011 Private Placement On July 5, 2011, the Company entered into a definitive agreement for the sale of common stock to three existing shareholders, including accounts managed by First Eagle Investment Management LLC and Tavistock Life Sciences, in a private placement for aggregate gross proceeds of $4.75 million. The closing of the private placement occurred on July 7, 2011. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company agreed to sell an aggregate of 25,000,000 shares of common stock at a price of $0.19 per share. After deducting for fees and expenses, the net proceeds from the sale of the shares of common stock are anticipated to be approximately $4.4 million. The Company will be required, among other things, to file a resale registration statement within 30 days following the closing that covers the resale by the purchasers of the shares.

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Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments	6 Months Ended
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments	Jun. 30, 2011
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments [Abstract]
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments	3. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the amortized cost of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments approximated their fair values. The Company considers all liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. All short-term investments at June 30, 2011 mature in less than one year. The Company invests its cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments in money market funds, commercial paper and corporate and government notes. All of these securities are classified as available-for-sale with the unrealized gain and loss being recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income; there were no unrealized gains or losses at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.

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Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Options, Awards and Units

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2011

Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Options, Awards and Units [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Options, Awards and Units

9. Stock-Based Compensation and Stock Options, Awards and Units


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2011		2010		2011		2010
Costs and expenses:
Research and development	$	57	$	41	$	122	$	92
General and administrative		133		149		256		359

Total stock-based compensation expense	$	190	$	190	$	378	$	451

Stock Option Plans: 1996 Equity Incentive Plan, 2005 Equity Incentive Plan and 1996 Non-Employee Directors’ Plan

Stock Option Activity

The following is a summary of activity under the 1996 Plan, the 2005 Plan and the Directors’ Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2011:


				Options Outstanding
	Shares Available											Weighted
	for Grant of											Average
	Option, Award or			Number of								Exercise
	Unit			Shares			Exercise Price Range					Price
Balance at January 1, 2011		1,959,278			6,354,758		$	0.12	—	$	64.69	$	1.32
Options granted		(500,000	)		500,000			0.18	—		0.19		0.19
Options cancelled		84,898			(84,898	)	$	0.25	—	$	64.69	$	9.69
Restricted share awards granted		(328,948	)		—			—	—		—		—
Restricted share units awarded		(78,947	)		—			—	—		—		—

Balance at June 30, 2011		1,136,281			6,769,860		$	0.12	—	$	24.10	$	1.13


	Number			Weighted Average
	of			Grant Date Fair
	Shares			Value
Balance at December 31, 2010		2,448,273		$	0.44
Restricted share awards issued		328,948			0.19
Restricted share awards vested		(433,178	)		0.18

Balance at June 30, 2011		2,344,043		$	0.45

- Definition

The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details.

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Net Loss Per Common Share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2011

Net Loss Per Common Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Common Share

10. Net Loss Per Common Share


	Six months ended
	June 30,
	2011		2010
Outstanding stock options		6,770		4,962
Unvested restricted stock		2,344		2,497
Unvested restricted stock units		412		333
Outstanding common stock warrants		3,591		7,527

- Definition

The entire disclosure for earnings per share.

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Note Payable and Accrued Interest	6 Months Ended
Note Payable and Accrued Interest	Jun. 30, 2011
Note Payable and Accrued Interest [Abstract]
Note Payable and Accrued Interest	8. Note Payable and Accrued Interest On June 21, 2011, the Company entered into an $8.5 million royalty financing agreement with a syndicate of lenders. The agreement created a debt obligation (the “Term Loan”) that will be repaid through and secured by royalties from net sales of the SUMAVEL DosePro (sumatriptan injection) needle-free delivery system payable to the Company under its Asset Purchase Agreement (“APA”) with Zogenix. Under the terms of the royalty financing agreement, the Company received a loan of $8.5 million, less fees, transaction and legal expenses (estimated to be approximately $473,000) and an additional $250,000 set aside for an Interest Reserve Account. The lenders will be entitled to receive 100% of all royalties payable to the Company under the APA until the principal and accrued interest of the Term Loan are fully repaid, after which time the benefit of any further royalties made under the APA will accrue to Aradigm. The Term Loan will accrue interest at the rate equal to the greater of a) LIBOR or b) one-and-a-half percent (1.50%), plus a margin of fourteen-and-a-half percent (14.5%). To the extent royalty payments are insufficient to pay accrued and unpaid interest under the financing, the shortfall will be funded from the Interest Reserve Account or, if the account is insufficient to pay all of the interest due, the shortfall will be capitalized and added to the principal balance of the Term Loan. The lenders were granted a security interest in the assets of an Aradigm subsidiary, Aradigm Royalty Financing LLC, which holds Aradigm’s rights to receive royalty payments under the APA. The lenders have no recourse to other assets of Aradigm for repayment of the loan. Amortization of the Term Loan will occur to the extent that royalties payments received for any quarter exceed accrued interest due for that quarter. The Company has the right to prepay the Term Loan after June 21, 2012, subject to the payment of the principal balance plus a prepayment fee of eight percent (8%) of the outstanding balance if prepaid in months 13-24 following the transaction closing date of June 21, 2011; four percent (4%) if prepaid in months 25-36; and two percent (2%) if prepaid in months 37-48. There will be no prepayment fee for prepaying the Term Loan after the forty-eight (48) month anniversary of the closing date. In addition, the Company has the right to make partial prepayments in an amount no less than the greater of (i) ten percent (10%) of the principal balance of the Term Loan outstanding as of the applicable prepayment date or (ii) $1,000,000. Under no circumstances will the receipt of royalty payments from Zogenix in excess of the accrued interest then due be considered prepayments under the Term Loan. In accordance with Accounting Standards Topic 470 — Debt, the Company capitalized the fees, transaction and legal expenses of approximately $473,000 and recorded this amount in other assets. The capitalized expenses will be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over a period of 48 months. The Interest Reserve account was recorded in prepaid and other current assets. In connection with the transaction, Aradigm issued to the lenders warrants to purchase a total of 2,840,909 shares of Aradigm common stock at a strike price of $0.22 per share, representing a 20% premium above the average closing price of Aradigm common stock for the ten trading days immediately preceding the closing of the transaction. The warrants expire on December 31, 2016. In accordance with Accounting Standards Topic 815, the warrants were treated as equity instruments and their fair value was determined to be approximately $390,000. The fair value of the warrants is considered a discount against the note and was recorded as a reduction of the note payable. The fair value of the warrants will be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over a period of 48 months.

XML 20 R6.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT

Organization, Basis of Presentation and Liquidity	6 Months Ended
Organization, Basis of Presentation and Liquidity	Jun. 30, 2011
Organization, Basis of Presentation and Liquidity [Abstract]
Organization, Basis of Presentation and Liquidity	1. Organization, Basis of Presentation and Liquidity *Organization* Aradigm Corporation (the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) is a California corporation, incorporated in 1991, focused on the development and commercialization of drugs delivered by inhalation for the treatment of severe respiratory diseases. The Company’s principal activities to date have included conducting research and development and developing collaborations. Management does not anticipate receiving any revenues from the sale of products in the upcoming year, except for royalty revenue from Zogenix. The Company operates as a single operating segment. *Basis of Presentation* The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for fair presentation. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, as filed with the SEC on March 25, 2011 (the “2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K”). The results of the Company’s operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of operating results for the full fiscal year or any future interim period. The balance sheet at December 31, 2010 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by United States generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. For further information, please refer to the financial statements and notes thereto included in the 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aradigm Corporation and the Company’s active wholly-owned subsidiary, Aradigm Royalty Financing LLC. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. *Liquidity* The Company had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of approximately $9.4 million as of June 30, 2011. Management believes that this amount, as well as the proceeds from the July 2011 private placement (see Note 12), will be sufficient to fund operations through at least the second quarter of 2012.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure.

+ References

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XML 21 R9.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT

Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2011

Fair Value Measurements [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

4. Fair Value Measurements


	Fair Value Measurements
			(In thousands)
			Quoted Prices		Significant
			in Active		Other		Significant
			Markets for		Observable		Unobservable
	Balance		Identical Assets		Inputs		Inputs
Description	June 30, 2011		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,481	$	8,481	$	—	$	—

Short-term investments:
Commercial paper	$	399	$	—	$	399	$	—
U.S. treasury and agencies		500		—		500		—

Total	$	899	$	—	$	899	$	—

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents at June 30, 2011 consist of cash and money market funds. Money market funds are valued using quoted market prices. The Company’s short-term investments at June 30, 2011 consisted of commercial paper and U.S agency notes. The Company uses an independent third party pricing service to value its commercial paper and other Level 2 investments. The pricing service uses observable inputs such as new issue money market rates, adjustment spreads, corporate actions and other factors and applies a series of matrices pricing model. The Company performs a review of prices reported by the pricing service to determine if they are reasonable estimates of fair value. In addition, the Company performs a review of its securities to determine the proper classification in accordance with the fair value hierarchy.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References

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-Name Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (FAS)
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+ Details

XML 22 R10.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT

Sublease Agreement and Lease Exit Liability

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2011

Sublease Agreement and Lease Exit Liability [Abstract]

Sublease Agreement and Lease Exit Liability

5. Sublease Agreement and Lease Exit Liability

The lease exit liability activity for the six months ended June 30, 2011 is as follows (in thousands):


	Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2011
Balance at January 1, 2011	$	828
Accretion expense		20
Lease payments		(63	)

Balance at June 30, 2011	$	785

As of June 30, 2011, $108,000 of the $785,000 balance was recorded as a current liability and $677,000 was recorded as a non-current liability.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for restructuring and related activities. Description of restructuring activities such as exit and disposal activities, include facts and circumstances leading to the plan, the expected plan completion date, the major types of costs associated with the plan activities, total expected costs, the accrual balance at the end of the period, and the periods over which the remaining accrual will be settled.

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Other Accrued Liabilities	6 Months Ended
Other Accrued Liabilities	Jun. 30, 2011
Other Accrued Liabilities [Abstract]
Other Accrued Liabilities	6. Other Accrued Liabilities Other accrued liabilities consist of accrued rent and accrued expenses for legal services, audit-related services and payroll withholding liabilities. At June 30, 2011, other accrued liabilities consisted of accrued rent of $410,000, accrued expenses for services of $335,000 and payroll withholding liabilities of $33,000. At December 31, 2010, other accrued liabilities consisted of accrued rent of $235,000, accrued expenses for services of $178,000 and payroll withholding liabilities of $37,000. In July 2010, the Company entered into an agreement with the landlord of the Hayward facility to defer a portion of the monthly rent payment over a one year period. The repayment period was over 12 months beginning in September 2011, if not repaid sooner without pre-payment penalty. Deferred amounts accrue interest at 10% per annum.

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (USD $)
In Thousands
6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2011

Jun. 30, 2010

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net loss $ (5,341) $ (4,332)

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities:

Amortization and accretion of investments 1 26

Depreciation and amortization 240 322

Stock-based compensation expense 378 451

Compensation expense from warrants for services rendered 428

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Receivables 83 (239)

Prepaid and other current assets (262) (171)

Other assets (470) 3

Accounts payable (46) 376

Accrued compensation 389 311

Other liabilities 290 138

Deferred rent 22 (13)

Facility lease exit obligation (43) (124)

Net cash used in operating activities (4,331) (3,252)

Cash flows from investing activities:

Capital expenditures (5) (5)

Purchases of short-term investments (1,149)

Proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments 500 5,200

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (654) 5,195

Cash flows from financing activities:

Proceeds from private placement of common stock, net 3,719

Proceeds from issuance of common stock 60 43

Proceeds from issuance of note payable 8,111

Net cash provided by financing activities 8,171 3,762

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 3,186 5,705

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 5,295 3,903

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 8,481 $ 9,608

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-Paragraph 28
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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2011

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

     The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates include useful lives for property and equipment and related depreciation calculations, estimated amortization period for expenses associated with the June 2011 royalty financing transaction and for payments received from product development and license agreements as they relate to revenue recognition, assumptions for valuing options and warrants, and income taxes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

     All highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase are classified as cash equivalents.

Investments

     Management determines the appropriate classification of the Company’s investments, which consist solely of debt securities, at the time of purchase. All investments are classified as available-for-sale, carried at estimated fair value and reported in cash and cash equivalents or short-term investments. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are excluded from earnings and losses and are reported as a separate component in the statement of shareholders’ equity until realized. Fair values of investments are based on quoted market prices where available. Investment income is recognized when earned and includes interest, dividends, amortization of purchase premiums and discounts, and realized gains and losses on sales of securities. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. The Company regularly reviews all of its investments for other-than-temporary declines in fair value. When the Company determines that the decline in fair value of an investment below the Company’s accounting basis is other-than-temporary, the Company reduces the carrying value of the securities held and records a loss equal to the amount of any such decline. No such reductions were required during any of the periods presented.

Property and Equipment

     The Company records property and equipment at cost and calculates depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Machinery and equipment includes external costs incurred for validation of the equipment. The Company does not capitalize internal validation expense. Computer equipment and software includes capitalized computer software. All of the Company’s capitalized software is purchased; the Company has not internally developed computer software. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the term of the lease or useful life of the improvement.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

     In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-10, Property, Plant, and Equipment — Overall, the Company reviews for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of property and equipment may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the carrying amount of the assets, the assets are written down to their estimated fair values and the loss is recognized in the statements of operations.

Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities

     In accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (“ASC 420”), the Company recognizes a liability for the cost associated with an exit or disposal activity that is measured initially at its fair value in the period in which the liability is incurred. The Company accounted for the partial sublease of its headquarters building as an exit activity and recorded the sublease loss in its statement of operations (see Note 5).

     According to ASC 420, costs to terminate an operating lease or other contracts are (a) costs to terminate the contract before the end of its term or (b) costs that will continue to be incurred under the contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to the entity. In periods subsequent to initial measurement, changes to the liability are measured using the credit-adjusted risk-free rate that was used to measure the liability initially.

Revenue Recognition

     The Company recognizes revenue under the provisions of the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 104, Topic 13, Revenue Recognition Revised and Updated (“SAB Topic 13”) and ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition Multiple Elements (“ASC 605-25”). Revenue for arrangements not having multiple deliverables, as outlined in ASC 605-25, is recognized once costs are incurred and collectability is reasonably assured.

     In accordance with contract terms, milestone payments from collaborative research agreements are considered reimbursements for costs incurred under the agreements and, accordingly, are recognized as revenue either upon completion of the milestone effort, when payments are contingent upon completion of the effort, or are based on actual efforts expended over the remaining term of the agreement when payments precede the required efforts. Refundable development payments are deferred until specific performance criteria are achieved. Refundable development payments are generally not refundable once specific performance criteria are achieved and accepted.

     Collaborative license and development agreements that require the Company to provide multiple deliverables, such as a license, research and product steering committee services and other performance obligations, are accounted for in accordance with ASC 605-25. Under ASC 605-25, delivered items are evaluated to determine whether such items have value to the Company’s collaborators on a stand-alone basis and whether objective reliable evidence of fair value of the undelivered items exists. Deliverables that meet these criteria are considered a separate unit of accounting. Deliverables that do not meet these criteria are combined and accounted for as a single unit of accounting. The appropriate revenue recognition criteria are identified and applied to each separate unit of accounting.

     Royalty revenue will be earned under the terms of the asset sale agreement with Zogenix. The Company will recognize revenue when the amounts under this agreement can be determined and when collectability is probable. The Company has no performance obligations under this agreement. The Company anticipates recognizing revenue from quarterly royalty payments one quarter in arrears since it believes it will not be able to determine quarterly royalty earnings until it receives the royalty statements from Zogenix.

Research and Development

     Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for company-sponsored, collaborative and contracted research and development activities. These costs include direct and research-related overhead expenses. The Company expenses research and development costs as such costs are incurred.

Stock-Based Compensation

     The Company accounts for share-based payment arrangements in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation and ASC 505-50, Equity-Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees which requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for all costs related to share-based payments including stock options and restricted stock awards and stock issued under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan. This guidance requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of the grant using an option-pricing model. The Company has adopted the simplified method to calculate the beginning balance of the additional paid-in capital, or APIC pool of excess tax benefits, and to determine the subsequent effect on the APIC pool and statement of cash flows of the tax effects of stock-based compensation awards.

Income Taxes

     The Company makes certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes. As part of the process of preparing the financial statements, the Company is required to estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. This process involves the Company estimating its current tax exposure under the most recent tax laws and assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the balance sheets.

     The Company assesses the likelihood that it will be able to recover its deferred tax assets. It considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, including the historical levels of income and losses, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. If the Company does not consider it more likely than not that it will recover its deferred tax assets, the Company records a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that it estimates will not ultimately be recoverable. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company believed that the amount of its deferred income taxes would not be ultimately recovered. Accordingly, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. However, should there be a change in the Company’s ability to recover its deferred tax assets, the Company would recognize a benefit to its tax provision in the period in which it determines that it is more likely than not that it will recover its deferred tax assets.

Net Loss Per Common Share

     Basic net loss per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period less the weighted-average number of restricted shares of common stock subject to repurchase. Potentially dilutive securities were not included in the net loss per common share calculation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, because the inclusion of such shares would have had an anti-dilutive effect.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

     In April 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2010-17, Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force. This standard provides guidance on defining a milestone and determining when it may be appropriate to apply the milestone method for revenue recognition for research and development arrangements. This standard provides guidance on the criteria that should be met to recognize revenue upon achievement of the related milestone event. The ASU is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those fiscal years) beginning on or after June 15, 2010. The Company adopted this guidance in the third quarter of 2010. While the Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations, this standard may impact the Company in the event the Company completes future transactions.

     In September 2009, the FASB issued ASU 2009-13 Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements (formerly EITF Issue No. 08-1 “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables”). This standard modifies the revenue recognition guidance for arrangements that involve the delivery of multiple elements, such as product, license fees and research and development reimbursements, to a customer at different times as part of a single revenue generating transaction. This standard provides principles and application guidance to determine whether multiple deliverables exist, how the individual deliverables should be separated and how to allocate the revenue in the arrangement among those separate deliverables. The standard also significantly expands the disclosure requirements for multiple deliverable revenue arrangements. While the Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations, this standard may impact the Company in the event the Company completes future transactions.

     In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income. ASU 2011-05 eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholder’s equity and instead requires separate statements of comprehensive income. The amendment is effective for the fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2011-05 to have a material impact on our financial position and results of operation.

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Comprehensive Loss
6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2011

Comprehensive Loss [Abstract]

Comprehensive Loss

11. Comprehensive Loss

     Comprehensive loss includes net loss and other comprehensive income (loss), which for the Company is primarily comprised of unrealized holding gains and losses on the Company’s available-for-sale securities that are excluded from the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations in computing net loss and reported separately in shareholders’ equity. Comprehensive loss and its components are as follows (in thousands):

Six months ended

June 30,

2011 2010

Net loss
$ (5,341 ) $ (4,332 )

Other comprehensive income (loss):

Change in unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities
— (2 )

Comprehensive loss
$ (5,341 ) $ (4,334 )

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (USD $)
In Thousands

Jun. 30, 2011

Dec. 31, 2010

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents $ 8,481 $ 5,295

Short-term investments 899 251

Receivables 97 180

Prepaid and other current assets 480 180

Total current assets 9,957 5,906

Property and equipment, net 1,319 1,553

Notes receivable 56 54

Other assets 583 115

Total assets 11,915 7,628

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable 212 257

Accrued clinical and cost of other studies 921 993

Accrued compensation 716 327

Facility lease exit obligation 108 99

Other accrued liabilities 778 450

Total current liabilities 2,735 2,126

Deferred rent 121 99

Facility lease exit obligation, non-current 677 729

Other non-current liabilities 75 75

Note payable, net of discount and accrued interest 8,145 0

Total liabilities 11,753 3,029

Commitments and contingencies

Shareholders' equity:

Preferred stock, 5,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding 0 0

Common stock, no par value; authorized shares: 213,527,214 at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010; issued and outstanding shares: 173,114,301 at June 30, 2011; 172,304,235 at December 31, 2010 359,328 358,424

Accumulated deficit (359,166) (353,825)

Total shareholders' equity 162 4,599

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 11,915 $ 7,628

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	6 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Jun. 30, 2011
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies *Use of Estimates* The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates include useful lives for property and equipment and related depreciation calculations, estimated amortization period for expenses associated with the June 2011 royalty financing transaction and for payments received from product development and license agreements as they relate to revenue recognition, assumptions for valuing options and warrants, and income taxes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. *Cash and Cash Equivalents* All highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase are classified as cash equivalents. *Investments* Management determines the appropriate classification of the Company’s investments, which consist solely of debt securities, at the time of purchase. All investments are classified as available-for-sale, carried at estimated fair value and reported in cash and cash equivalents or short-term investments. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are excluded from earnings and losses and are reported as a separate component in the statement of shareholders’ equity until realized. Fair values of investments are based on quoted market prices where available. Investment income is recognized when earned and includes interest, dividends, amortization of purchase premiums and discounts, and realized gains and losses on sales of securities. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. The Company regularly reviews all of its investments for other-than-temporary declines in fair value. When the Company determines that the decline in fair value of an investment below the Company’s accounting basis is other-than-temporary, the Company reduces the carrying value of the securities held and records a loss equal to the amount of any such decline. No such reductions were required during any of the periods presented. *Property and Equipment* The Company records property and equipment at cost and calculates depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Machinery and equipment includes external costs incurred for validation of the equipment. The Company does not capitalize internal validation expense. Computer equipment and software includes capitalized computer software. All of the Company’s capitalized software is purchased; the Company has not internally developed computer software. Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of the term of the lease or useful life of the improvement. *Impairment of Long-Lived Assets* In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-10, Property, Plant, and Equipment — Overall, the Company reviews for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of property and equipment may not be recoverable. Determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted future cash flows resulting from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such cash flows are not expected to be sufficient to recover the carrying amount of the assets, the assets are written down to their estimated fair values and the loss is recognized in the statements of operations. *Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities* In accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (“ASC 420”), the Company recognizes a liability for the cost associated with an exit or disposal activity that is measured initially at its fair value in the period in which the liability is incurred. The Company accounted for the partial sublease of its headquarters building as an exit activity and recorded the sublease loss in its statement of operations (see Note 5). According to ASC 420, costs to terminate an operating lease or other contracts are (a) costs to terminate the contract before the end of its term or (b) costs that will continue to be incurred under the contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to the entity. In periods subsequent to initial measurement, changes to the liability are measured using the credit-adjusted risk-free rate that was used to measure the liability initially. *Revenue Recognition* The Company recognizes revenue under the provisions of the Securities and Exchange Commission issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 104, Topic 13, Revenue Recognition Revised and Updated (“SAB Topic 13”) and ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition Multiple Elements (“ASC 605-25”). Revenue for arrangements not having multiple deliverables, as outlined in ASC 605-25, is recognized once costs are incurred and collectability is reasonably assured. In accordance with contract terms, milestone payments from collaborative research agreements are considered reimbursements for costs incurred under the agreements and, accordingly, are recognized as revenue either upon completion of the milestone effort, when payments are contingent upon completion of the effort, or are based on actual efforts expended over the remaining term of the agreement when payments precede the required efforts. Refundable development payments are deferred until specific performance criteria are achieved. Refundable development payments are generally not refundable once specific performance criteria are achieved and accepted. Collaborative license and development agreements that require the Company to provide multiple deliverables, such as a license, research and product steering committee services and other performance obligations, are accounted for in accordance with ASC 605-25. Under ASC 605-25, delivered items are evaluated to determine whether such items have value to the Company’s collaborators on a stand-alone basis and whether objective reliable evidence of fair value of the undelivered items exists. Deliverables that meet these criteria are considered a separate unit of accounting. Deliverables that do not meet these criteria are combined and accounted for as a single unit of accounting. The appropriate revenue recognition criteria are identified and applied to each separate unit of accounting. Royalty revenue will be earned under the terms of the asset sale agreement with Zogenix. The Company will recognize revenue when the amounts under this agreement can be determined and when collectability is probable. The Company has no performance obligations under this agreement. The Company anticipates recognizing revenue from quarterly royalty payments one quarter in arrears since it believes it will not be able to determine quarterly royalty earnings until it receives the royalty statements from Zogenix. *Research and Development* Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for company-sponsored, collaborative and contracted research and development activities. These costs include direct and research-related overhead expenses. The Company expenses research and development costs as such costs are incurred. *Stock-Based Compensation* The Company accounts for share-based payment arrangements in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation and ASC 505-50, Equity-Equity Based Payments to Non-Employees which requires the recognition of compensation expense, using a fair-value based method, for all costs related to share-based payments including stock options and restricted stock awards and stock issued under the Company’s employee stock purchase plan. This guidance requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of the grant using an option-pricing model. The Company has adopted the simplified method to calculate the beginning balance of the additional paid-in capital, or APIC pool of excess tax benefits, and to determine the subsequent effect on the APIC pool and statement of cash flows of the tax effects of stock-based compensation awards. *Income Taxes* The Company makes certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments occur in the calculation of certain tax assets and liabilities, which arise from differences in the timing of recognition of revenue and expense for tax and financial statement purposes. As part of the process of preparing the financial statements, the Company is required to estimate income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. This process involves the Company estimating its current tax exposure under the most recent tax laws and assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the balance sheets. The Company assesses the likelihood that it will be able to recover its deferred tax assets. It considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, including the historical levels of income and losses, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. If the Company does not consider it more likely than not that it will recover its deferred tax assets, the Company records a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that it estimates will not ultimately be recoverable. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Company believed that the amount of its deferred income taxes would not be ultimately recovered. Accordingly, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. However, should there be a change in the Company’s ability to recover its deferred tax assets, the Company would recognize a benefit to its tax provision in the period in which it determines that it is more likely than not that it will recover its deferred tax assets. *Net Loss Per Common Share* Basic net loss per common share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period less the weighted-average number of restricted shares of common stock subject to repurchase. Potentially dilutive securities were not included in the net loss per common share calculation for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, because the inclusion of such shares would have had an anti-dilutive effect. *Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements* In April 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2010-17, Milestone Method of Revenue Recognition a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force. This standard provides guidance on defining a milestone and determining when it may be appropriate to apply the milestone method for revenue recognition for research and development arrangements. This standard provides guidance on the criteria that should be met to recognize revenue upon achievement of the related milestone event. The ASU is effective for fiscal years (and interim periods within those fiscal years) beginning on or after June 15, 2010. The Company adopted this guidance in the third quarter of 2010. While the Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations, this standard may impact the Company in the event the Company completes future transactions. In September 2009, the FASB issued ASU 2009-13 Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements (formerly EITF Issue No. 08-1 “Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables”). This standard modifies the revenue recognition guidance for arrangements that involve the delivery of multiple elements, such as product, license fees and research and development reimbursements, to a customer at different times as part of a single revenue generating transaction. This standard provides principles and application guidance to determine whether multiple deliverables exist, how the individual deliverables should be separated and how to allocate the revenue in the arrangement among those separate deliverables. The standard also significantly expands the disclosure requirements for multiple deliverable revenue arrangements. While the Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations, this standard may impact the Company in the event the Company completes future transactions. In June 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income. ASU 2011-05 eliminates the option to present components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholder’s equity and instead requires separate statements of comprehensive income. The amendment is effective for the fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. We do not expect the adoption of ASU 2011-05 to have a material impact on our financial position and results of operation.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (USD $) In Thousands	Jun. 30, 2011	Dec. 31, 2010
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 8,481	$ 5,295
Short-term investments	899	251
Receivables	97	180
Prepaid and other current assets	480	180
Total current assets	9,957	5,906
Property and equipment, net	1,319	1,553
Notes receivable	56	54
Other assets	583	115
Total assets	11,915	7,628
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	212	257
Accrued clinical and cost of other studies	921	993
Accrued compensation	716	327
Facility lease exit obligation	108	99
Other accrued liabilities	778	450
Total current liabilities	2,735	2,126
Deferred rent	121	99
Facility lease exit obligation, non-current	677	729
Other non-current liabilities	75	75
Note payable, net of discount and accrued interest	8,145	0
Total liabilities	11,753	3,029
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, 5,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding	0	0
Common stock, no par value; authorized shares: 213,527,214 at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010; issued and outstanding shares: 173,114,301 at June 30, 2011; 172,304,235 at December 31, 2010	359,328	358,424
Accumulated deficit	(359,166)	(353,825)
Total shareholders' equity	162	4,599
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$ 11,915	$ 7,628