On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, Leases (the New Standard), and all related amendments, which supersedes the previous lease guidance, using the transition method with the election not to adjust comparative periods. The New Standard requires lessees to recognize leases on their balance sheet as a right-of-use (ROU) asset with a corresponding lease liability. The adoption resulted in the recognition of ROU assets included in other assets and lease liabilities included in accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities of approximately $495 million in the Company's consolidated balance sheet, each as a result of the new requirement to recognize operating leases. No material cumulative-effect adjustment was recognized in retained earnings, and the adoption did not materially impact operating results, liquidity or the Company's debt-covenant compliance under these agreements. The Company continues to recognize its capital leases on the balance sheet but these leases are now referred to as "finance" leases, as required by the New Standard.

The Company enters into leases for railcars, locomotives and other equipment as well as real property. These leases may contain variable payments that vary with rate or index changes or include payment of a per car fee or per mile fee to use the track under variable lease contracts. The Company may receive rent holidays and other incentives provided by the landlord on lease agreements. On occasion the Company subleases assets to other parties.

As of January 1, 2019, the Company adopted a number of practical expedients and exemptions included in the New Standard, which were intended to reduce the cost and complexity of complying with the transition requirements. The Company chose the following practical expedients and exemptions in setting its accounting policy elections for transition to:


1.	Not recognize an asset and liability for leases of all asset classes with a term of 12 months or less;


2.	Carry forward the historical lease classification and not reassess its existing contracts to determine whether the arrangements contained a lease or whether initial direct costs qualified for capitalization;


3.	Not separate lease and non-lease components; and


4.	Carry forward its current accounting treatment for land easements on existing agreements.

Lease contracts may include one or more renewal options, with renewal terms from one to fifty years or more. Leases may also include options to terminate the arrangement or options to purchase the underlying lease property. The exercise of lease options are generally at the discretion of the Company's management team. The Company determines the expected term of a lease and includes options that are reasonably certain to be exercised in the calculation of its right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

The determination of whether a contract contains a lease, as well as the analysis regarding the allocation of consideration in a contract between lease and non-lease components, is performed on a case by case basis and considers the nature and interdependency of the individual assets in the arrangement. The Company generally accounts for lease assets as a single component as the assets in most agreements are highly interrelated and dependent upon each other to fulfill the arrangement.

As the implicit rate is not readily determinable in most of the Company's lease agreements, the Company uses its estimated secured incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments.