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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
INCOME TAXES:
The Company's effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2017 was 38.1%, compared with 31.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2016. The Company's effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was 40.6%, compared with 31.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The higher effective income tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was primarily driven by an income tax benefit of $7.2 million and $13.5 million recorded in the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively, associated with the now expired United States Short Line Tax Credit. In addition, with regard to a valuation allowance recorded against deferred income tax assets, primarily associated with losses at ERS that the Company believes will not be realizable, the Company's provision for income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2017 included a decrease to the valuation allowance of €0.6 million (or $0.6 million at the average exchange rate for the period) and for the six months ended June 30, 2017 included an increase to the valuation allowance of €1.0 million (or $1.0 million at the average exchange rate for the period). The Company's provision for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2016 included the recording of a valuation allowance of A$2.6 million (or $2.0 million at the average exchange rate in March of 2016) associated with the impairment of GWA's now idle rolling-stock maintenance facility that was formerly used in connection with the Southern Iron rail haulage agreement with Arrium (see Note 2, Changes in Operations).
The United States Short Line Tax Credit is an income tax track maintenance credit for Class II and Class III railroads to reduce their federal income tax based on qualified railroad track maintenance expenditures. Qualified expenditures include amounts incurred for maintaining track, including roadbed, bridges and related track structures owned or leased by a Class II or Class III railroad. The credit is equal to 50% of the qualified expenditures, subject to an annual limitation of $3,500 multiplied by the number of miles of railroad track owned or leased by the Class II or Class III railroad as of the end of its tax year. The United States Short Line Tax Credit was initially enacted for a three year period, 2005 through 2007, and subsequently extended on a retroactive basis. This pattern was repeated a series of times, with the last extension expiring on December 31, 2016.