Long-Term Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Long-term debt is summarized as follows:


	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Principal amount of 4.50% exchangeable senior notes due February 2023	$	17,500	$	143,750
Principal amount of 4.50% exchangeable senior notes due October 2023	117,375		—
Less: unamortized debt discount and issuance costs, net	(5,593)		(1,353)
Net carrying amount of liability component	129,282		142,397
Less: current maturities	37,668		—
Long-term debt	$	91,614	$	142,397

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, the total interest expense was $12,342 and $9,942, respectively, with coupon interest expense of $6,405 and $6,469 for each period, respectively, and the amortization of debt issuance costs and debt discount of $6,052 and $1,248 for each period, respectively.

On November 4, 2022, the Company repurchased $8,875 of its February 2023 Notes for $8,653 of cash consideration through an open market purchase. The Company recorded a $203 net gain on the early extinguishment that is included as a reduction to current period interest expense.

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, interest expense also included $88 and $2,225, respectively, of additional interest expense owed as a result of not removing a restrictive legend from the 2023 Notes 365 days following original issuance of the 2023 Notes on February 16, 2018. The additional interest was paid to the trustee on March 10, 2022. Additionally, on March 14, 2022, the restrictive legend on the 2023 Notes was removed and the Company is not subject to any additional interest after that date. This interest will not be applicable to future periods.

On February 16, 2018, Avadel Finance Cayman Limited, a Cayman Islands exempted company and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Issuer”), issued $125,000 aggregate principal amount of its February 2023 Notes in a private placement (the “Offering”) to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. In connection with the Offering, the Issuer granted the initial purchasers of the February 2023 Notes a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional $18,750 aggregate principal amount of the February 2023 Notes, which was fully exercised on February 16, 2018. Net proceeds received by the Company, after issuance costs and discounts, were approximately $137,560. The February 2023 Notes are the Company’s senior unsecured obligations and rank equally in right of payment with all of the Company’s existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness and effectively junior to any of the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness.

On April 5, 2022, the Issuer completed the exchange of $117,375 of its February 2023 Notes for a new series of its October 2023 Notes (the “Exchange Transaction”). The remaining $26,375 aggregate principal amount of the February 2023 Notes were not exchanged and maintained a maturity date of February 1, 2023. On November 4, 2022, the Company repurchased $8,875 of its February 2023 Notes and on the maturity date of February 1, 2023, the Company repaid, with cash on hand, the remaining $17,500 aggregate principal amount of its February 2023 Notes.

The Company accounted for the October 2023 Notes as a modification to the February 2023 Notes. The Company paid $4,804 in fees to note holders of the October 2023 Notes that are amortized over the remaining term of the October 2023 Notes. The Company paid approximately $5,450 in fees to third parties that were expensed as part of the completed Exchange Transaction. Additionally, the fair value of the unseparated, embedded conversion feature increased by $5,508, which reduced the carrying amount of the convertible debt instrument as an unamortized debt discount, with a corresponding increase in additional paid-in capital. The $5,508 are amortized over the remaining term of the October 2023 Notes as a component of interest expense.

On March 29, 2023, the Issuer executed an agreement to exchange $96,188 of its $117,375 October 2023 Notes for a new series of 6.0% exchangeable notes due April 2027 (the “April 2027 Notes”) (the “2023 Exchange Transaction”). The remaining $21,187 aggregate principal amount of the October 2023 Notes will maintain a maturity date of October 2, 2023. Due to the 2023 Exchange Transaction, the $96,188 principal amount of the October 2023 Notes is classified as long-term debt, net of unamortized debt discount and issuance costs, as of December 31, 2022.

The 2023 Notes are exchangeable at the option of the holders at an initial exchange rate of 92.6956 ADSs per $1 principal amount of 2023 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial exchange price of approximately $10.79 per ADS. Such initial exchange price represents a premium of approximately 20% to the $8.99 per ADS closing price on The Nasdaq Global Market on February 13, 2018. Upon the exchange of any 2023 Notes, the Issuer will pay or cause to be delivered, as the case may be, cash, ADSs or a combination of cash and ADSs, at the Issuer’s election.

October 2023 Notes

Holders of the October 2023 Notes may convert their October 2023 Notes, at their option, only under the following circumstances prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 1, 2023, under the circumstances and during the periods set forth below and regardless of the conditions described below, on or after May 1, 2023 and prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date:

•Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 1, 2023, a holder of the October 2023 Notes may surrender all or any portion of its October 2023 Notes for exchange at any time during the five business day period immediately after any five consecutive trading day period (the “Measurement Period”) in which the trading price per $1 principal amount of October 2023 Notes, as determined following a request by a holder of the October 2023 Notes, for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the ADSs and the exchange rate on each such trading day.

•If a transaction or event that constitutes a fundamental change or a make-whole fundamental change occurs prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 1, 2023, regardless of whether a holder of the October 2023 Notes has the right to require the Company to repurchase the October 2023 Notes, or if Avadel is a party to a merger event that occurs prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 1, 2023, all or any portion of a the holder’s October 2023 Notes may be surrendered for exchange at any time from or after the date that is 95 scheduled trading days prior to the anticipated effective date of the transaction (or, if later, the earlier of (x) the business day after the Company gives notice of such transaction and (y) the actual effective date of such transaction) until 35 trading days after the actual effective date of such transaction or, if such transaction also constitutes a fundamental change, until the related fundamental change repurchase date.

•Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 1, 2023, a holder of the October 2023 Notes may surrender all or any portion of its October 2023 Notes for exchange at any time during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on March 31, 2022 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the ADSs for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during the period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the exchange price on each applicable trading day.

•If the Company calls the October 2023 Notes for redemption pursuant to Article 16 to the Indenture prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding May 1, 2023, then a holder of the October 2023 Notes may surrender all or any portion of its October 2023 Notes for exchange at any time prior to the close of business on the second business day prior to the redemption date, even if the October 2023 Notes are not otherwise exchangeable at such time. After that time, the right to exchange shall expire, unless the Company defaults in the payment of the redemption price, in which case a holder of the October 2023 Notes may exchange its October 2023 Notes until the redemption price has been paid or duly provided for.

The Company, at its option, may redeem for cash all of the October 2023 Notes if the last reported sale price (as defined by the indenture) of the ADSs has been at least 130% of the Exchange Price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading-day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice to redeem the October 2023 Notes. The Company considered the guidance in ASC 815-15, Embedded Derivatives, to determine if this instrument contains an embedded feature that should be separately accounted for as a derivative. ASC 815 provides for an exception to this rule when convertible notes, as host instruments, are deemed to be conventional, as defined by ASC 815-40. The Company determined that this exception applies due, in part, to its ability to settle the 2023 Notes in cash, ADSs or a combination of cash and ADSs, at the Company’s option. The Company have therefore applied the guidance provided by ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options, as amended by ASU 2020-06.