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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), enacted on March 27, 2020, includes significant business tax provisions. In particular, the CARES Act modified the rules associated with net operating losses (“NOLs”). Under the temporary provisions of CARES Act, NOL carryforwards and carrybacks may offset 100% of taxable income for taxable years beginning before 2021. In addition, NOLs arising in 2018, 2019 and 2020 taxable years may be carried back to each of the preceding five years to generate a refund. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the income tax benefit includes a discrete tax benefit of $9,124 as a result of our ability under the CARES Act to carry back NOLs incurred to periods when the statutory U.S. Federal tax rate was 35% versus our current U.S. Federal tax rate of 21%.

The income tax benefit was $9,510 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 resulting in an effective tax rate of 91.7%. The income tax benefit was $374 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 resulting in an effective tax rate of 2.7%. The net increase in the effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as compared to the same period in 2019, is primarily due to the discrete tax benefits recognized under the CARES Act as described above, favorable income tax benefits from the U.S. Orphan Drug and Research & Development Tax Credit and agreement with the IRS in the first quarter of 2020 on audit adjustments resulting from the U.S. Federal Income Tax audit of the tax years 2015, 2016 and 2017, all of which was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company substantially completed the 2015 through 2017 U.S. Federal Tax Audit. Completion of the audit resulted in an assessment of $1,937 for the 2015 through 2017 U.S. Federal Tax Returns compared to the IRS Claims of $50,695 made on July 2, 2019 and the updated IRS Claims of $9,302 on October 2, 2019 made as part of the Specialty Pharma bankruptcy proceedings, which at this time does not include interest and penalties. The Company expects interest and penalties to be approximately $300. While there are still additional approval and administrative procedures to complete, the Company expects the completion of the 2015 through 2017 U.S. Federal Tax Audit to be completed by the quarter ended September 30, 2020. The audit of the 2017 French tax return was also completed during the three months ended March 31, 2020 with no material changes.