Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

U.S. Legislation

The Inflation Reduction Act ("IRA") was signed into law on August 16, 2022. The IRA includes climate and energy provisions and introduces a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax, among other items. The enactment of the IRA did not result in any adjustments to our income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Effective Income Tax Rate and Income Tax Provision

For interim tax reporting, we estimate one annual effective tax rate for tax jurisdictions not subject to a valuation allowance and apply that rate to the year-to-date ordinary income/(loss). Tax effects of significant unusual or infrequently occurring items are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate calculation and recognized in the interim period in which they occur.

Compared to the U.S. statutory rate of 21.0%, state income taxes, foreign earnings subject to higher tax rates and non-deductible expenses increase the Company's effective income tax rate, whereas research and development credits decrease the Company's effective tax rate.

Our effective income tax rate was 30.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. In addition to the above referenced items, the three-month period was unfavorably impacted by accruals for uncertain tax positions.

Our effective income tax rate was 35.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. In addition to the above referenced items, the three-month period was unfavorably impacted by accruals for uncertain tax positions.

There was no significant change in our valuation allowance for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Net increases in unrecognized tax positions of $4.6 million and $6.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were primarily related to interest accruals on existing uncertain tax positions. We are not currently able to reasonably estimate the amount by which the liability for unrecognized tax positions may increase or decrease as a result of future tax controversy developments or resolution. Interest and penalties on tax assessments are included in Income tax provision on our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development has issued Pillar Two model rules introducing a new global minimum tax of 15% as of January 1, 2024. While the U.S. has not adopted the Pillar Two rules, various other governments around the world have enacted legislation. This minimum tax is treated as a period cost and did not have a material impact on the Company's financial results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The Company is monitoring legislative developments, as well as additional guidance from countries that have enacted legislation, and we anticipate further legislative activity and administrative guidance in 2024.