Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Standards Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation Our Consolidated Financial Statements include all of the accounts of the Company and our subsidiaries. We have eliminated all significant intercompany transactions and balances in consolidation. Some prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications, individually and in the aggregate, did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. All amounts are in U.S. dollar denominated in millions, except per share amounts and unless otherwise noted, and are approximate due to rounding. When we cross reference to a “Note,” we are referring to our “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements,” unless the context indicates otherwise. Use of Estimates The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenue and expenses during the period reported. These estimates include, among other items, assessing the expected credit losses of receivables, asset retirement obligations, the use and recoverability of inventory, the estimation of fair value of financial instruments, assumptions used in the calculation of income taxes, useful lives and recoverability of tangible assets and goodwill and other intangible assets, assumptions used in our defined benefit pension plans and other post-employment benefit plans, estimates related to self-insurance such as the aggregate liability for uninsured claims using historical experience, insurance and actuarial estimates and estimated trends in claim values, fair value measurement of assets, costs for incentive compensation, and accruals for commitments and contingencies. We review these estimates and assumptions periodically using historical experience and other factors and reflect the effects of any revisions in the Consolidated Financial Statements in the period we determine any revisions to be necessary. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Financial Instruments We may use financial instruments, such as cross-currency swaps, interest rate swaps, caps and collars, U.S. Treasury lock agreements and foreign currency exchange forward contracts and options related to our borrowing and trade activities. We may use these financial instruments from time to time to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We do not purchase, hold or sell derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. We face credit risk if the counterparties to these transactions are unable to perform their obligations. Our policy is to have counterparties to these contracts that have at least an investment grade rating. We report derivative instruments at fair value and establish criteria for designation and effectiveness of transactions entered into for hedging purposes. Before entering into any derivative transaction, we identify our specific financial risk, the appropriate hedging instrument to use to reduce this risk, and the correlation between the financial risk and the hedging instrument. We use forecasts and historical data as the basis for determining the anticipated values of the transactions to be hedged. We do not enter into derivative transactions that do not have a high correlation with the underlying financial risk we are trying to reduce. We regularly review our hedge positions and the correlation between the transaction risks and the hedging instruments. We account for derivative instruments as hedges of the related underlying risks if we designate these derivative instruments as hedges and the derivative instruments are effective as hedges of recognized assets or liabilities, forecasted transactions, unrecognized firm commitments or forecasted intercompany transactions. We record gains and losses on derivatives qualifying as cash flow hedges in AOCL, to the extent that hedges are effective and until the underlying transactions are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, at which time we also recognize the gains or losses of the derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We recognize gains and losses on qualifying fair value hedges and the related loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Generally, our practice is to terminate derivative transactions if the underlying asset or liability matures or is sold or terminated, or if we determine the underlying forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring. Any deferred gains or losses associated with derivative instruments are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the period in which the income or expense on the underlying hedged transaction is recognized. See Note 15, “Derivatives and Hedging Activities,” for further details. Foreign Currency Translation In non-U.S. locations that are not considered highly inflationary, we translate the balance sheets at the end of period exchange rates with translation adjustments accumulated in stockholders’ equity on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We translate the statements of operations at the average exchange rates during the applicable period. We translate assets and liabilities of our operations in countries with highly inflationary economies at the end of period exchange rates, except that nonmonetary asset and liability amounts are translated at historical exchange rates. In countries with highly inflationary economies, we translate items reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations at average rates of exchange prevailing during the period, except that nonmonetary amounts are translated at historical exchange rates. Impact of Highly Inflationary Economy: Argentina Economic and political events in Argentina have continued to expose us to heightened levels of foreign currency exchange risk. As of July 1, 2018, Argentina was designated as a highly inflationary economy under U.S. GAAP, and the U.S. dollar replaced the Argentine peso as the functional currency for our subsidiaries in Argentina. All Argentine peso-denominated monetary assets and liabilities were remeasured into U.S. dollars using the current exchange rate available to us. The impact of any changes in the exchange rate are reflected in within Other (expense) income, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded remeasurement losses of $8.9 million, $3.6 million, and $4.7 million, respectively related to our subsidiaries in Argentina. The exchange rate as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was 176.8, 102.7 and 84.1, respectively. We will continue to evaluate each reporting period the appropriate exchange rate to remeasure our financial statements based on the facts and circumstances as applicable. Commitments and Contingencies — Litigation On an ongoing basis, we assess the potential liabilities related to any lawsuits or claims brought against us. While it is typically very difficult to determine the timing and ultimate outcome of these actions, we use our best judgment to determine if it is probable that we will incur an expense related to the settlement or final adjudication of these matters and whether a reasonable estimation of the probable loss, if any, can be made. In assessing probable losses, we make estimates of the amount of insurance recoveries, if any. We accrue a liability when we believe a loss is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Due to the inherent uncertainties related to the eventual outcome of litigation and potential insurance recovery, it is possible that disputed matters may be resolved for amounts materially different from any provisions or disclosures that we have previously made. We expense legal costs, including those legal costs expected to be incurred in connection with a loss contingency, as incurred. Revenue Recognition Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized using a five-step model consisting of the following: (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. (1) Identify Contract with Customer: For SEE, the determination of whether an arrangement meets the definition of a contract under ASC 606 (“Topic 606”) depends on whether it creates enforceable rights and obligations. While enforceability is a matter of law, we believe that enforceable rights and obligations in a contract must be substantive in order for the contract to be in scope of Topic 606. That is, the penalty for noncompliance must be significant relative to the minimum obligation. Fixed or minimum purchase obligations with penalties for noncompliance are the most common examples of substantive enforceable rights present in our contracts. We determined that the contract term is the period of enforceability outlined by the terms of the contract. This means that in many cases, the term stated in the contract is different than the period of enforceability. After the minimum purchase obligation is met, subsequent sales are treated as separate contracts on a purchase order by purchase order basis. If no minimum purchase obligation exists, the next level of enforceability is determined, which often represents the individual purchase orders and the agreed upon terms. The customer’s ability and intent to pay the transaction price is assessed in determining whether a contract exists with the customer. If collectability of substantially all of the consideration in a contract is not probable, consideration received is not recognized as revenue unless the consideration is nonrefundable and the Company no longer has an obligation to transfer additional goods or services to the customer or collectability becomes probable. (2) Identify the Performance Obligations in the Contract: The most common goods and services determined to be distinct performance obligations are materials, equipment sales, and maintenance. Free on loan and leased equipment is typically identified as a separate lease component within the scope of ASC 842. The other goods or services promised in the contract with the customer in most cases do not represent performance obligations because they are neither separate nor distinct, or they are not material in the context of the contract. Performance obligations are satisfied when the Company transfers control of a good or service to a customer, which can occur over time or at a point in time. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, including the expected value of variable consideration. (3) Determine the Transaction Price: SEE has many forms of variable consideration present in its contracts with customers, including rebates and other discounts. SEE estimates variable consideration using either the expected value method or the most likely amount method as described in the standard. We include in the transaction price some or all of an amount of variable consideration estimated to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. For all contracts that contain a form of variable consideration, SEE estimates at contract inception, and periodically throughout the term of the contract, what volume of goods and/or services the customer will purchase in a given period and determines how much consideration is payable to the customer or how much consideration we would be able to recover from the customer based on the structure of the type of variable consideration. In most cases the variable consideration in contracts with customers results in amounts payable to the customer by SEE. We adjust the contract transaction price based on any changes in estimates each reporting period and record an inception to date cumulative adjustment to the amount of revenue previously recognized. When the contract with a customer contains a minimum purchase obligation, SEE only has enforceable rights to the amount of consideration promised in the minimum purchase obligation through the enforceable term of the contract. This amount of consideration, plus any variable consideration, makes up the transaction price for the contract. Charges for rebates and other allowances are recognized as a deduction from revenue on an accrual basis in the period in which the associated revenue is recorded. When we estimate our rebate accruals, we consider customer-specific contractual commitments including stated rebate rates and history of actual rebates paid. Our rebate accruals are reviewed at each reporting period and adjusted to reflect data available at that time. We adjust the accruals to reflect any differences between estimated and actual amounts. These adjustments of transaction price impact the amount of net sales recognized by us in the period of adjustment. The Company expects the time between when a good or service is transferred to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service to be one year or less for the vast majority of the Company’s contracts. In this instance the Company does not adjust consideration for a significant financing component. Sales taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from net sales on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. (4) Allocate the Transaction Price to the Performance Obligations in the Contract: We determine the standalone selling price for a performance obligation by first looking for observable selling prices of that performance obligation sold on a standalone basis. If an observable price is not available, we estimate the standalone selling price of the performance obligation using one of the three suggested methods in the following order of preference: adjusted market assessment approach, expected cost plus a margin approach, and residual approach. SEE often offers rebates to customers in their contracts that are related to the amount of materials purchased. We believe that this form of variable consideration should only be allocated to materials because the entire amount of variable consideration relates to the customer’s purchase of and our efforts to provide materials. Additionally, Sealed Air has many contracts that have pricing tied to third-party indices. We believe that variability from index-based pricing should be allocated specifically to materials because the pricing formulas in these contracts are related to the cost to produce materials. (5) Recognize Revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control to the customer. Revenue for materials and equipment sales is recognized based on shipping terms, which is the point in time the customer obtains control of the promised goods. Maintenance revenue is recognized straight-line on the basis that the level of effort is consistent over the term of the contract. Lease components within contracts with customers are recognized in accordance with ASC 842. Refer to Note 3, “Revenue Recognition, Contracts with Customers,” for further discussion of revenue. Costs to obtain or fulfill a Contract and Shipping and Handling Costs The Company recognizes incremental costs to obtain a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. For example, the Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within Selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Costs for shipping and handling activities performed after a customer obtains control of a good are accounted for as costs to fulfill a contract and are included in Cost of sales. Research and Development We expense research and development costs as incurred. Research and development costs were $102.5 million in 2022, $99.8 million in 2021 and $95.9 million in 2020. Share-Based Incentive Compensation At the 2014 Annual Meeting, the 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”) was approved by our stockholders. Subsequently, the Board of Directors adopted, and at the Annual Stockholders' meetings in both 2018 and 2021, our stockholders approved, amendments and restatements to the 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan. See Note 21, “Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity,” of the Notes for further information on this plan. We record share-based compensation awards exchanged for employee services at fair value on the date of grant and record the expense for these awards in Cost of sales and in Selling, general and administrative expenses, as applicable, on our Consolidated Statements of Operations over the requisite employee service period. Our annual grant cycle occurs after our year-end financial results have been released. We consider the impact that material, non-public information may have on the fair value of our share-based incentive awards. As of December 31, 2022, there are no outstanding awards with values that have been adjusted in light of material, non-public information. Share-based incentive compensation expense, which includes an estimate for forfeitures and a factor for anticipated achievement levels, is generally recognized over the expected term of the award on a straight-line basis. The Company accelerates expense on performance-based awards using a graded vesting schedule for employees who meet retirement eligibility requirements prior to the end of the award’s service period. For performance-based awards, the Company reassesses at each reporting date whether achievement of the performance condition is probable and accrues compensation expense if and when achievement of the performance condition is probable. For performance awards with market-based conditions, the fair value of the award is determined at the grant date and is recognized at 100% over the performance period regardless of actual market condition performance in accordance with ASC 718. Income Taxes We file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return and our non-U.S. subsidiaries file income tax returns in their respective local jurisdictions. We provide for income taxes on those portions of our foreign subsidiaries’ accumulated earnings that we believe are not reinvested indefinitely in our businesses. We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method to provide for income taxes on all transactions recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and tax benefit carryforwards. We determine deferred tax assets and liabilities at the end of each period using enacted tax rates. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we estimate future reversals of existing temporary differences, future taxable earnings, and also consider the feasibility of ongoing planning strategies, taxable income in carryback periods and past operating results to determine which deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized in the future. Changes to tax laws, statutory tax rates and future taxable earnings can have an impact on valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets. We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are measured based on the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with tax authorities. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in Income tax provision on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 19, “Income Taxes,” for further discussion. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. Our policy is to invest cash in excess of short-term operating and debt service requirements in cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of the instruments. Our policy is to transact with counterparties that are rated at least A- by Standard & Poor’s and A3 by Moody’s. Some of our operations are located in countries that are rated below A- or A3. In this case, we try to minimize our risk by holding cash and cash equivalents at financial institutions with which we have existing global relationships whenever possible, diversifying counterparty exposures and minimizing the amount held by each counterparty and within the country in total. Time deposits or certificate of deposits with maturities greater than 90 days from the time of purchase are considered marketable securities and classified within Prepaid expenses and other current assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Any investments made in longer-term time deposits or maturities and conversion out of the longer-term time deposits during the current year are reflected as an Investment in marketable securities on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Accounts Receivable Securitization Programs We and a group of our U.S. operating subsidiaries maintain an accounts receivable securitization program under which they sell eligible U.S. accounts receivable to an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary that was formed for the sole purpose of entering into this program. The wholly-owned subsidiary in turn may sell an undivided fractional ownership interest in these receivables with two banks and an issuer of commercial paper administered by these banks. The wholly-owned subsidiary retains the receivables it purchases from the operating subsidiaries. Any transfers of undivided fractional ownership interests of receivables under the U.S. receivables securitization program to the two banks and an issuer of commercial paper administered by these banks are considered secured borrowings with pledge of collateral and will be classified as Short-term borrowings on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The net trade receivables that served as collateral for these borrowings are reclassified from Trade receivables, net to Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. We have a European accounts receivable securitization and purchase program with a special purpose vehicle ("SPV"), two banks and a group of our European subsidiaries. The European program is structured to be a securitization of certain trade receivables that are originated by certain of our European subsidiaries. The SPV borrows funds from the banks to fund its acquisition of the receivables and provides the banks with a first priority perfected security interest in the accounts receivable. We do not have an equity interest in the SPV. We concluded the SPV is a variable interest entity because its total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the SPV to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from the bank via loans or via the collections from accounts receivable already purchased. Additionally, we are considered the primary beneficiary of the SPV since we control the activities of the SPV, and are exposed to the risk of uncollectable receivables held by the SPV. Therefore, the SPV is consolidated in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Any activity between the participating subsidiaries and the SPV is eliminated in consolidation. Loans from the banks to the SPV will be classified as Short-term borrowings on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The net trade receivables that served as collateral for these borrowings are reclassified from Trade receivables, net to Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 10, “Accounts Receivable Securitization Programs,” for further details. Accounts Receivable Factoring Agreements The Company has entered into factoring agreements and customers' supply chain financing arrangements to sell certain trade receivables to unrelated third-party financial institutions. These programs are entered into in the normal course of business. We account for these transactions in accordance with ASC Topic 860. ASC Topic 860 allows for the ownership transfer of accounts receivable to qualify for true-sale treatment when the appropriate criteria is met, which permits the balances sold under the program to be excluded from Trade receivables, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Receivables are considered sold when (i) they are transferred beyond the reach of the Company and its creditors, (ii) the purchaser has the right to pledge or exchange the receivables, and (iii) the Company has no continuing involvement in the transferred receivables. In addition, the Company provides no other forms of continued financial support to the purchaser of the receivables once the receivables are sold. See Note 11, “Accounts Receivable Factoring Agreements,” for further details. Trade Receivables, Net In the normal course of business, we extend credit to customers that satisfy pre-defined credit criteria. Trade receivables, which are included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, are stated at amounts due from our customers net of allowances for expected credit losses on trade receivables. Allowance for Credit Losses We are exposed to credit losses primarily through our sales of packaging solutions to third-party customers. Our customers' (the counterparty) ability to pay is assessed through our internal credit review processes. Based on the dollar value of credit extended, we assess our customers' credit by reviewing the total expected receivable exposure, expected timing of payments and the customers' established credit ratings. In determining customer creditworthiness, we assess our customers' credit utilizing different resources including external credit validations and/or our own assessment through analysis of the customers' financial statements and review of trade/bank references. We also consider contract terms and conditions, country and political risk, and the customers' mix of products purchased (for example: equipment vs. materials) in our evaluation. A credit limit is established for each customer based on the outcome of this review. Credit limits are reviewed at least annually for existing customers. We monitor our ongoing credit exposure through active review of counterparty balances against contract terms and due dates. Our activities are performed at both the country/entity level as well as the regional level. Monitoring and review activities include account reconciliations, analysis of aged receivables, resolution status review for disputed amounts, and identification and remediation of counterparties experiencing payment issues. Our management reviews current credit exposure at least quarterly based on level of risk and amount of exposure. When necessary, we utilize collection agencies and legal counsel to pursue recovery of defaulted receivables. Trade receivable balances are written off when deemed to be uncollectible and after collection efforts have been exhausted. Our annual historical credit losses have been approximately 0.1%, or less, of net trade sales annually over the last three years. Our allowance for credit losses on trade receivables is assessed at the end of each quarter based on an analysis of historical losses and our assessment of future expected losses. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, $6.2 million, $2.1 million and $3.7 million, respectively, was charged to our allowance for credit losses related to our trade receivables. Supply Chain Financing Arrangements We facilitate a voluntary supply chain financing program to provide some of our suppliers with the opportunity to sell receivables due from us (our accounts payables) to participating financial institutions at the sole discretion of both the suppliers and the financial institutions. These programs are administered by participating financial institutions. Should the supplier choose to participate in the program, it will receive payment from the financial institution in advance of agreed payment terms; our responsibility is limited to making payments to the respective financial institutions on the terms originally negotiated with our supplier. The range of payment terms is consistent regardless of a vendor's participation in the program. We monitor our days payable outstanding relative to our peers and industry trends in order to assess our conclusion that these programs continue to be trade payable programs and not indicative of borrowing arrangements. The liabilities continue to be presented as Accounts payable in our Consolidated Balance Sheets until they are paid, and they are reflected as cash flows from operating activities when settled. Equity Investments We maintain strategic investments in other companies. As of December 31, 2022, these investments qualified and are accounted for under the measurement alternative described in ASC 321 for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values. These investments are measured at cost, less impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. We do not exercise significant influence over these companies. These investments are carried on our Consolidated Balance Sheets within Other non-current assets. Changes in fair value based on impairment or resulting from observable price changes are recorded in earnings and included within Other (expense) income, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 16, “Fair Value Measurements, Equity Investments and Other Financial Instruments,” for further details. Inventories, Net Our inventories are determined using the FIFO method or a weighted average for some raw materials. We state inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs related to inventories include raw materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead which are included in Cost of sales on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Property and Equipment, Net We state property and equipment at cost, except for property and equipment that have been impaired, for which we reduce the carrying amount to the estimated fair value at the impairment date. We capitalize significant improvements and charge repairs and maintenance costs that do not extend the lives of the assets to expense as incurred. We remove the cost and accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise disposed of from the accounts and recognize any resulting gain or loss upon the disposition of the assets. We depreciate the cost of property and equipment over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis as follows: buildings, including leasehold improvements — 10 to 40 years; machinery and equipment — 5 to 10 years; and other property and equipment — 2 to 10 years. Leases SEE is involved in leasing activity as both a lessee and a lessor. SEE is the lessor primarily for equipment used by our customers to meet their packaging needs. SEE is the lessee of property used for production and for sales and administrative functions, including real property, buildings, manufacturing and office equipment, offices and automobiles. We recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability for all leases with terms of more than 12 months, in accordance with ASC 842. We utilize the short-term lease recognition exemption for all asset classes as part of our on-going accounting under ASC 842. This means, for those leases that qualify, we will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities. Recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses depends on classification as a finance or operating lease. As a lessee, we utilize the reasonably certain threshold criteria in determining which options we will exercise. Furthermore, some of our lease payments are based on index rates with minimum annual increases. These represent fixed payments and are captured in the future minimum lease payments calculation. In determining the discount rate to use in calculating the present value of lease payments, we estimate the rate of interest we would pay on a collateralized loan with the same payment terms as the lease by utilizing our bond yields traded in the secondary market to determine the estimated cost of funds for the particular tenor. We update our assumptions and discount rates on a quarterly basis. We have also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all asset classes, meaning all consideration that is fixed, or in-substance fixed, will be captured as part of our lease components for balance sheet purposes. Furthermore, all variable payments included in lease agreements will be disclosed as variable lease expense when incurred. Generally, variable lease payments are based on usage and common area maintenance. These payments will be included as variable lease expense when recognized. Our contractual obligations for operating leases as a lessor can include termination and renewal options. Our contractual obligations for sales-type leases tend to have fixed terms and can include purchase options. We utilize the reasonably certain threshold criteria in determining which options our customers will exercise. Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets, Net Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, including the amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets. Identifiable intangible assets consist primarily of patents, licenses, trademarks, trade names, customer lists and relationships, non-compete agreements, software and technology-based intangibles and other contractual agreements. We amortize finite-lived identifiable intangible assets over the shorter of their stated or statutory duration or their estimated useful lives, currently ranging from an original useful life of 1 to 28 years, on a straight-line basis to their estimated residual values, and we review them for impairment upon the identification of events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. We use the acquisition method of accounting for all business combinations and do not amortize goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for possible impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. See Note 9, “Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets, net,” for further details. Impairment and Disposal of Long-Lived Assets For finite-lived intangible assets, such as customer relationships, contracts, intellectual property, and for other long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, whenever impairment indicators are present, we perform a review for impairment. The impairment model is a two-step test under which we first calculate the recoverability of the carrying value by comparing the undiscounted value of the projected cash flows associated with the asset or asset group, including its estimated residual value, to the carrying amount. If the cash flows associated with the asset or asset group are less than the carrying value, we calculate the fair value of the asset, or asset group. If the carrying amount is found to be greater than the fair value, we record an impairment loss for the excess of carrying value over the fair value. In addition, in all cases of an impairment review, we re-evaluate the remaining useful lives of the assets and modify them, as appropriate. Self-Insurance We retain the obligation for specified claims and losses related to property, casualty, workers’ compensation and employee benefit claims. We accrue for outstanding reported claims and claims that have been incurred but not reported based upon management’s estimates of the aggregate liability for retained losses using historical experience, insurance company estimates and the estimated trends in claim values. Our estimates include management’s and independent insurance companies’ assumptions regarding economic conditions, the frequency and severity of claims and claim development patterns and settlement practices. These estimates and assumptions are monitored and evaluated on a periodic basis by management and are adjusted when warranted by changing circumstances. Although management believes the assumptions and estimates used provide a reasonable basis to adequately project and record estimated claim payments, actual results could differ significantly from the recorded liabilities. Defined Benefit Pension Plans and Other Post-Employment Benefit Plans For a number of our U.S. and international employees, we maintain defined benefit pension plans and other post-employment benefit plans. We are required to make assumptions regarding the valuation of projected benefit obligations and accumulated benefit obligations, as well as the performance of plan assets for our defined benefit pension plans. We review and approve the assumptions made by our third-party actuaries regarding the valuation of benefit obligations and performance of plan assets. The most significant assumptions impacting the valuation of our benefit obligations and the related net benefit income or cost are the discount rate and the expected future rate of return on plan assets. The measurement date used to determine benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets is December 31. In general, changes to these assumptions could impact our consolidated financial condition or results of operations. We recognize the funded status of each plan as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligation or accumulated benefit obligation. Each overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and each underfunded plan is recognized as a liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 17, “Profit Sharing, Retirement Savings Plans and Defined Benefit Pension Plans,” and Note 18, “Other Post-Employment Benefit Plans,” for additional information about the Company’s benefit plans. Net Earnings per Common Share The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings per share amounts. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings attributable to the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is based upon the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the year, which is calculated using the treasury-stock method for outstanding share-based compensation awards. Restricted stock issued under our Omnibus Plan prior to January 1, 2018 contained non-forfeitable rights to dividends during the contractual vesting period of the share-based award and was therefore included in computing earnings per common share using the “two-class method.” The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that calculates basic and diluted net earnings per common share for each class of common stock separately based on dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not have any outstanding non-vested share-based payment awards that contained non-forfeitable rights to dividends. At December 31, 2020 and during the year then ended, the impact of share-based payment awards that contained non-forfeitable rights to dividends was nominal. See Note 24, “Net Earnings Per Common Share,” for further discussion. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In November 2021, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance (“ASU 2021-10”). ASU 2021-10 requires business entities to disclose information about certain types of government assistance received in the notes to the financial statements. The Company adopted ASU 2021-10 for the year ending December 31, 2022. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-05, Leases (Topic 842): Lessors - Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments (“ASU 2021-05”). ASU 2021-05 requires a lessor to classify a lease with variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate as an operating lease at commencement if the lease would have been classified as a sales-type or direct financing lease and the lessor would have recognized a selling loss at lease commencement. The Company adopted ASU 2021-05 on January 1, 2022. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. Recently Issued Accounting Standards In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-04, Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations ("ASU 2022-04"). ASU 2022-04 requires the buyer in a supplier finance program to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about the program. ASU 2022-04 is effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2023 and is not expected to materially impact the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements with the exception of revised annual disclosures. In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers ("ASU 2021-08"). The new guidance requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The standard will not impact acquired contract assets or liabilities from business combinations occurring prior to the adoption date. ASU 2021-08 is effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2023 and is not expected to materially impact the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

Our Consolidated Financial Statements include all of the accounts of the Company and our subsidiaries. We have eliminated all significant intercompany transactions and balances in consolidation. Some prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications, individually and in the aggregate, did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. All amounts are in U.S. dollar denominated in millions, except per share amounts and unless otherwise noted, and are approximate due to rounding.

The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenue and expenses during the period reported. These estimates include, among other items, assessing the expected credit losses of receivables, asset retirement obligations, the use and recoverability of inventory, the estimation of fair value of financial instruments, assumptions used in the calculation of income taxes, useful lives and recoverability of tangible assets and goodwill and other intangible assets, assumptions used in our defined benefit pension plans and other post-employment benefit plans, estimates related to self-insurance such as the aggregate liability for uninsured claims using historical experience, insurance and actuarial estimates and estimated trends in claim values, fair value measurement of assets, costs for incentive compensation, and accruals for commitments and contingencies. We review these estimates and assumptions periodically using historical experience and other factors and reflect the effects of any revisions in the Consolidated Financial Statements in the period we determine any revisions to be necessary. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

We may use financial instruments, such as cross-currency swaps, interest rate swaps, caps and collars, U.S. Treasury lock agreements and foreign currency exchange forward contracts and options related to our borrowing and trade activities. We may use these financial instruments from time to time to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We do not purchase, hold or sell derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. We face credit risk if the counterparties to these transactions are unable to perform their obligations. Our policy is to have counterparties to these contracts that have at least an investment grade rating.

We report derivative instruments at fair value and establish criteria for designation and effectiveness of transactions entered into for hedging purposes. Before entering into any derivative transaction, we identify our specific financial risk, the appropriate hedging instrument to use to reduce this risk, and the correlation between the financial risk and the hedging instrument. We use forecasts and historical data as the basis for determining the anticipated values of the transactions to be hedged. We do not enter into derivative transactions that do not have a high correlation with the underlying financial risk we are trying to reduce. We regularly review our hedge positions and the correlation between the transaction risks and the hedging instruments.

We account for derivative instruments as hedges of the related underlying risks if we designate these derivative instruments as hedges and the derivative instruments are effective as hedges of recognized assets or liabilities, forecasted transactions, unrecognized firm commitments or forecasted intercompany transactions.

We record gains and losses on derivatives qualifying as cash flow hedges in AOCL, to the extent that hedges are effective and until the underlying transactions are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, at which time we also recognize the gains or losses of the derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We recognize gains and losses on qualifying fair value hedges and the related loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Generally, our practice is to terminate derivative transactions if the underlying asset or liability matures or is sold or terminated, or if we determine the underlying forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring. Any deferred gains or losses associated with derivative instruments are recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the period in which the income or expense on the underlying hedged transaction is recognized.

In non-U.S. locations that are not considered highly inflationary, we translate the balance sheets at the end of period exchange rates with translation adjustments accumulated in stockholders’ equity on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We translate the statements of operations at the average exchange rates during the applicable period.

We translate assets and liabilities of our operations in countries with highly inflationary economies at the end of period exchange rates, except that nonmonetary asset and liability amounts are translated at historical exchange rates. In countries with highly inflationary economies, we translate items reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations at average rates of exchange prevailing during the period, except that nonmonetary amounts are translated at historical exchange rates.

Economic and political events in Argentina have continued to expose us to heightened levels of foreign currency exchange risk. As of July 1, 2018, Argentina was designated as a highly inflationary economy under U.S. GAAP, and the U.S. dollar replaced the Argentine peso as the functional currency for our subsidiaries in Argentina. All Argentine peso-denominated monetary assets and liabilities were remeasured into U.S. dollars using the current exchange rate available to us. The impact of any changes in the exchange rate are reflected in within Other (expense) income, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded remeasurement losses of $8.9 million, $3.6 million, and $4.7 million, respectively related to our subsidiaries in Argentina. The exchange rate as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 was 176.8, 102.7 and 84.1, respectively.

On an ongoing basis, we assess the potential liabilities related to any lawsuits or claims brought against us. While it is typically very difficult to determine the timing and ultimate outcome of these actions, we use our best judgment to determine if it is probable that we will incur an expense related to the settlement or final adjudication of these matters and whether a reasonable estimation of the probable loss, if any, can be made. In assessing probable losses, we make estimates of the amount of insurance recoveries, if any. We accrue a liability when we believe a loss is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Due to the inherent uncertainties related to the eventual outcome of litigation and potential insurance recovery, it is possible that disputed matters may be resolved for amounts materially different from any provisions or disclosures that we have previously made. We expense legal costs, including those legal costs expected to be incurred in connection with a loss contingency, as incurred.

Revenue from contracts with customers is recognized using a five-step model consisting of the following: (1) identify the contract with a customer; (2) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determine the transaction price; (4) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

For SEE, the determination of whether an arrangement meets the definition of a contract under ASC 606 (“Topic 606”) depends on whether it creates enforceable rights and obligations. While enforceability is a matter of law, we believe that enforceable rights and obligations in a contract must be substantive in order for the contract to be in scope of Topic 606. That is, the penalty for noncompliance must be significant relative to the minimum obligation. Fixed or minimum purchase obligations with penalties for noncompliance are the most common examples of substantive enforceable rights present in our contracts. We determined that the contract term is the period of enforceability outlined by the terms of the contract. This means that in many cases, the term stated in the contract is different than the period of enforceability. After the minimum purchase obligation is met, subsequent sales are treated as separate contracts on a purchase order by purchase order basis. If no minimum purchase obligation exists, the next level of enforceability is determined, which often represents the individual purchase orders and the agreed upon terms.

The customer’s ability and intent to pay the transaction price is assessed in determining whether a contract exists with the customer. If collectability of substantially all of the consideration in a contract is not probable, consideration received is not recognized as revenue unless the consideration is nonrefundable and the Company no longer has an obligation to transfer additional goods or services to the customer or collectability becomes probable.

The most common goods and services determined to be distinct performance obligations are materials, equipment sales, and maintenance. Free on loan and leased equipment is typically identified as a separate lease component within the scope of ASC 842. The other goods or services promised in the contract with the customer in most cases do not represent performance obligations because they are neither separate nor distinct, or they are not material in the context of the contract.

Performance obligations are satisfied when the Company transfers control of a good or service to a customer, which can occur over time or at a point in time. The amount of revenue recognized is based on the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services, including the expected value of variable consideration.

SEE has many forms of variable consideration present in its contracts with customers, including rebates and other discounts. SEE estimates variable consideration using either the expected value method or the most likely amount method as described in the standard. We include in the transaction price some or all of an amount of variable consideration estimated to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.

For all contracts that contain a form of variable consideration, SEE estimates at contract inception, and periodically throughout the term of the contract, what volume of goods and/or services the customer will purchase in a given period and determines how much consideration is payable to the customer or how much consideration we would be able to recover from the customer based on the structure of the type of variable consideration. In most cases the variable consideration in contracts with customers results in amounts payable to the customer by SEE. We adjust the contract transaction price based on any changes in estimates each reporting period and record an inception to date cumulative adjustment to the amount of revenue previously recognized. When the contract with a customer contains a minimum purchase obligation, SEE only has enforceable rights to the amount of consideration promised in the minimum purchase obligation through the enforceable term of the contract. This amount of consideration, plus any variable consideration, makes up the transaction price for the contract.

Charges for rebates and other allowances are recognized as a deduction from revenue on an accrual basis in the period in which the associated revenue is recorded. When we estimate our rebate accruals, we consider customer-specific contractual commitments including stated rebate rates and history of actual rebates paid. Our rebate accruals are

reviewed at each reporting period and adjusted to reflect data available at that time. We adjust the accruals to reflect any differences between estimated and actual amounts. These adjustments of transaction price impact the amount of net sales recognized by us in the period of adjustment.

The Company expects the time between when a good or service is transferred to a customer and when the customer pays for that good or service to be one year or less for the vast majority of the Company’s contracts. In this instance the Company does not adjust consideration for a significant financing component.

We determine the standalone selling price for a performance obligation by first looking for observable selling prices of that performance obligation sold on a standalone basis. If an observable price is not available, we estimate the standalone selling price of the performance obligation using one of the three suggested methods in the following order of preference: adjusted market assessment approach, expected cost plus a margin approach, and residual approach.

SEE often offers rebates to customers in their contracts that are related to the amount of materials purchased. We believe that this form of variable consideration should only be allocated to materials because the entire amount of variable consideration relates to the customer’s purchase of and our efforts to provide materials. Additionally, Sealed Air has many contracts that have pricing tied to third-party indices. We believe that variability from index-based pricing should be allocated specifically to materials because the pricing formulas in these contracts are related to the cost to produce materials.

Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control to the customer. Revenue for materials and equipment sales is recognized based on shipping terms, which is the point in time the customer obtains control of the promised goods. Maintenance revenue is recognized straight-line on the basis that the level of effort is consistent over the term of the contract. Lease components within contracts with customers are recognized in accordance with ASC 842.

The Company recognizes incremental costs to obtain a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. For example, the Company generally expenses sales commissions when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within Selling, general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

At the 2014 Annual Meeting, the 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”) was approved by our stockholders. Subsequently, the Board of Directors adopted, and at the Annual Stockholders' meetings in both 2018 and 2021, our stockholders approved, amendments and restatements to the 2014 Omnibus Incentive Plan. See Note 21, “Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity,” of the Notes for further information on this plan.

We record share-based compensation awards exchanged for employee services at fair value on the date of grant and record the expense for these awards in Cost of sales and in Selling, general and administrative expenses, as applicable, on our Consolidated Statements of Operations over the requisite employee service period. Our annual grant cycle occurs after our year-end financial results have been released. We consider the impact that material, non-public information may have on the fair value of our share-based incentive awards. As of December 31, 2022, there are no outstanding awards with values that have

been adjusted in light of material, non-public information. Share-based incentive compensation expense, which includes an estimate for forfeitures and a factor for anticipated achievement levels, is generally recognized over the expected term of the award on a straight-line basis. The Company accelerates expense on performance-based awards using a graded vesting schedule for employees who meet retirement eligibility requirements prior to the end of the award’s service period. For performance-based awards, the Company reassesses at each reporting date whether achievement of the performance condition is probable and accrues compensation expense if and when achievement of the performance condition is probable. For performance awards with market-based conditions, the fair value of the award is determined at the grant date and is recognized at 100% over the performance period regardless of actual market condition performance in accordance with ASC 718.

We file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return and our non-U.S. subsidiaries file income tax returns in their respective local jurisdictions. We provide for income taxes on those portions of our foreign subsidiaries’ accumulated earnings that we believe are not reinvested indefinitely in our businesses.

We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method to provide for income taxes on all transactions recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements. We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and tax benefit carryforwards. We determine deferred tax assets and liabilities at the end of each period using enacted tax rates.

In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we estimate future reversals of existing temporary differences, future taxable earnings, and also consider the feasibility of ongoing planning strategies, taxable income in carryback periods and past operating results to determine which deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized in the future. Changes to tax laws, statutory tax rates and future taxable earnings can have an impact on valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets.

We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are measured based on the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with tax authorities. We recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in Income tax provision on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 19, “Income Taxes,” for further discussion.

We consider highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. Our policy is to invest cash in excess of short-term operating and debt service requirements in cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of the instruments. Our policy is to transact with counterparties that are rated at least A- by Standard & Poor’s and A3 by Moody’s. Some of our operations are located in countries that are rated below A- or A3. In this case, we try to minimize our risk by holding cash and cash equivalents at financial institutions with which we have existing global relationships whenever possible, diversifying counterparty exposures and minimizing the amount held by each counterparty and within the country in total.

Time deposits or certificate of deposits with maturities greater than 90 days from the time of purchase are considered marketable securities and classified within Prepaid expenses and other current assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Any investments made in longer-term time deposits or maturities and conversion out of the longer-term time deposits during the current year are reflected as an Investment in marketable securities on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

We and a group of our U.S. operating subsidiaries maintain an accounts receivable securitization program under which they sell eligible U.S. accounts receivable to an indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary that was formed for the sole purpose of entering into this program. The wholly-owned subsidiary in turn may sell an undivided fractional ownership interest in these receivables with two banks and an issuer of commercial paper administered by these banks. The wholly-owned subsidiary retains the receivables it purchases from the operating subsidiaries. Any transfers of undivided fractional ownership interests of receivables under the U.S. receivables securitization program to the two banks and an issuer of commercial paper administered by these banks are considered secured borrowings with pledge of collateral and will be classified as Short-term borrowings on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The net trade receivables that served as collateral for these borrowings are reclassified from Trade receivables, net to Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

receivables that are originated by certain of our European subsidiaries. The SPV borrows funds from the banks to fund its acquisition of the receivables and provides the banks with a first priority perfected security interest in the accounts receivable. We do not have an equity interest in the SPV. We concluded the SPV is a variable interest entity because its total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the SPV to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from the bank via loans or via the collections from accounts receivable already purchased. Additionally, we are considered the primary beneficiary of the SPV since we control the activities of the SPV, and are exposed to the risk of uncollectable receivables held by the SPV. Therefore, the SPV is consolidated in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Any activity between the participating subsidiaries and the SPV is eliminated in consolidation. Loans from the banks to the SPV will be classified as Short-term borrowings on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The net trade receivables that served as collateral for these borrowings are reclassified from Trade receivables, net to Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. See Note 10, “Accounts Receivable Securitization Programs,” for further details.

The Company has entered into factoring agreements and customers' supply chain financing arrangements to sell certain trade receivables to unrelated third-party financial institutions. These programs are entered into in the normal course of business. We account for these transactions in accordance with ASC Topic 860. ASC Topic 860 allows for the ownership transfer of accounts receivable to qualify for true-sale treatment when the appropriate criteria is met, which permits the balances sold under the program to be excluded from Trade receivables, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Receivables are considered sold when (i) they are transferred beyond the reach of the Company and its creditors, (ii) the purchaser has the right to pledge or exchange the receivables, and (iii) the Company has no continuing involvement in the transferred receivables. In addition, the Company provides no other forms of continued financial support to the purchaser of the receivables once the receivables are sold. See Note 11, “Accounts Receivable Factoring Agreements,” for further details.

In the normal course of business, we extend credit to customers that satisfy pre-defined credit criteria. Trade receivables, which are included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, are stated at amounts due from our customers net of allowances for expected credit losses on trade receivables.

We are exposed to credit losses primarily through our sales of packaging solutions to third-party customers. Our customers' (the counterparty) ability to pay is assessed through our internal credit review processes. Based on the dollar value of credit extended, we assess our customers' credit by reviewing the total expected receivable exposure, expected timing of payments and the customers' established credit ratings. In determining customer creditworthiness, we assess our customers' credit utilizing different resources including external credit validations and/or our own assessment through analysis of the customers' financial statements and review of trade/bank references. We also consider contract terms and conditions, country and political risk, and the customers' mix of products purchased (for example: equipment vs. materials) in our evaluation. A credit limit is established for each customer based on the outcome of this review. Credit limits are reviewed at least annually for existing customers.

We monitor our ongoing credit exposure through active review of counterparty balances against contract terms and due dates. Our activities are performed at both the country/entity level as well as the regional level. Monitoring and review activities include account reconciliations, analysis of aged receivables, resolution status review for disputed amounts, and identification and remediation of counterparties experiencing payment issues. Our management reviews current credit exposure at least quarterly based on level of risk and amount of exposure.

When necessary, we utilize collection agencies and legal counsel to pursue recovery of defaulted receivables. Trade receivable balances are written off when deemed to be uncollectible and after collection efforts have been exhausted. Our annual historical credit losses have been approximately 0.1%, or less, of net trade sales annually over the last three years.

Our allowance for credit losses on trade receivables is assessed at the end of each quarter based on an analysis of historical losses and our assessment of future expected losses. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, $6.2 million, $2.1 million and $3.7 million, respectively, was charged to our allowance for credit losses related to our trade receivables.

We facilitate a voluntary supply chain financing program to provide some of our suppliers with the opportunity to sell receivables due from us (our accounts payables) to participating financial institutions at the sole discretion of both the suppliers and the financial institutions. These programs are administered by participating financial institutions. Should the supplier

choose to participate in the program, it will receive payment from the financial institution in advance of agreed payment terms; our responsibility is limited to making payments to the respective financial institutions on the terms originally negotiated with our supplier. The range of payment terms is consistent regardless of a vendor's participation in the program. We monitor our days payable outstanding relative to our peers and industry trends in order to assess our conclusion that these programs continue to be trade payable programs and not indicative of borrowing arrangements. The liabilities continue to be presented as Accounts payable in our Consolidated Balance Sheets until they are paid, and they are reflected as cash flows from operating activities when settled.

We maintain strategic investments in other companies. As of December 31, 2022, these investments qualified and are accounted for under the measurement alternative described in ASC 321 for equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values. These investments are measured at cost, less impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. We do not exercise significant influence over these companies. These investments are carried on our Consolidated Balance Sheets within Other non-current assets. Changes in fair value based on impairment or resulting from observable price changes are recorded in earnings and included within Other (expense) income, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note 16, “Fair Value Measurements, Equity Investments and Other Financial Instruments,” for further details.

Our inventories are determined using the FIFO method or a weighted average for some raw materials. We state inventories at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs related to inventories include raw materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead which are included in Cost of sales on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

We state property and equipment at cost, except for property and equipment that have been impaired, for which we reduce the carrying amount to the estimated fair value at the impairment date. We capitalize significant improvements and charge repairs and maintenance costs that do not extend the lives of the assets to expense as incurred. We remove the cost and accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise disposed of from the accounts and recognize any resulting gain or loss upon the disposition of the assets.

SEE is involved in leasing activity as both a lessee and a lessor. SEE is the lessor primarily for equipment used by our customers to meet their packaging needs. SEE is the lessee of property used for production and for sales and administrative functions, including real property, buildings, manufacturing and office equipment, offices and automobiles.

We recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability for all leases with terms of more than 12 months, in accordance with ASC 842. We utilize the short-term lease recognition exemption for all asset classes as part of our on-going accounting under ASC 842. This means, for those leases that qualify, we will not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities. Recognition, measurement and presentation of expenses depends on classification as a finance or operating lease.

As a lessee, we utilize the reasonably certain threshold criteria in determining which options we will exercise. Furthermore, some of our lease payments are based on index rates with minimum annual increases. These represent fixed payments and are captured in the future minimum lease payments calculation. In determining the discount rate to use in calculating the present value of lease payments, we estimate the rate of interest we would pay on a collateralized loan with the same payment terms as the lease by utilizing our bond yields traded in the secondary market to determine the estimated cost of funds for the particular tenor. We update our assumptions and discount rates on a quarterly basis.

We have also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all asset classes, meaning all consideration that is fixed, or in-substance fixed, will be captured as part of our lease components for balance sheet purposes. Furthermore, all variable payments included in lease agreements will be disclosed as variable lease expense when incurred. Generally, variable lease payments are based on usage and common area maintenance. These payments will be included as variable lease expense when recognized.

Our contractual obligations for operating leases as a lessor can include termination and renewal options. Our contractual obligations for sales-type leases tend to have fixed terms and can include purchase options. We utilize the reasonably certain threshold criteria in determining which options our customers will exercise.

Identifiable intangible assets consist primarily of patents, licenses, trademarks, trade names, customer lists and relationships, non-compete agreements, software and technology-based intangibles and other contractual agreements. We amortize finite-lived identifiable intangible assets over the shorter of their stated or statutory duration or their estimated useful lives, currently ranging from an original useful life of 1 to 28 years, on a straight-line basis to their estimated residual values, and we review them for impairment upon the identification of events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable.

We use the acquisition method of accounting for all business combinations and do not amortize goodwill or intangible assets with indefinite useful lives. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for possible impairment annually during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. See Note 9, “Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets, net,” for further details.

For finite-lived intangible assets, such as customer relationships, contracts, intellectual property, and for other long-lived assets, such as property, plant and equipment, whenever impairment indicators are present, we perform a review for impairment. The impairment model is a two-step test under which we first calculate the recoverability of the carrying value by comparing the undiscounted value of the projected cash flows associated with the asset or asset group, including its estimated residual value, to the carrying amount. If the cash flows associated with the asset or asset group are less than the carrying value, we calculate the fair value of the asset, or asset group. If the carrying amount is found to be greater than the fair value, we record an impairment loss for the excess of carrying value over the fair value. In addition, in all cases of an impairment review, we re-evaluate the remaining useful lives of the assets and modify them, as appropriate.

We retain the obligation for specified claims and losses related to property, casualty, workers’ compensation and employee benefit claims. We accrue for outstanding reported claims and claims that have been incurred but not reported based upon management’s estimates of the aggregate liability for retained losses using historical experience, insurance company estimates and the estimated trends in claim values. Our estimates include management’s and independent insurance companies’ assumptions regarding economic conditions, the frequency and severity of claims and claim development patterns and settlement practices. These estimates and assumptions are monitored and evaluated on a periodic basis by management and are adjusted when warranted by changing circumstances. Although management believes the assumptions and estimates used provide a reasonable basis to adequately project and record estimated claim payments, actual results could differ significantly from the recorded liabilities.

For a number of our U.S. and international employees, we maintain defined benefit pension plans and other post-employment benefit plans. We are required to make assumptions regarding the valuation of projected benefit obligations and accumulated benefit obligations, as well as the performance of plan assets for our defined benefit pension plans.

We review and approve the assumptions made by our third-party actuaries regarding the valuation of benefit obligations and performance of plan assets. The most significant assumptions impacting the valuation of our benefit obligations and the related net benefit income or cost are the discount rate and the expected future rate of return on plan assets. The measurement date used to determine benefit obligations and the fair value of plan assets is December 31. In general, changes to these assumptions could impact our consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

We recognize the funded status of each plan as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the projected benefit obligation or accumulated benefit obligation. Each overfunded plan is recognized as an asset and each underfunded plan is recognized as a liability on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The Company presents both basic and diluted earnings per share amounts. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings attributable to the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is based upon the weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding during the year, which is calculated using the treasury-stock method for outstanding share-based compensation awards.

Restricted stock issued under our Omnibus Plan prior to January 1, 2018 contained non-forfeitable rights to dividends during the contractual vesting period of the share-based award and was therefore included in computing earnings per common share using the “two-class method.” The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that calculates basic and diluted net earnings per common share for each class of common stock separately based on dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not have any outstanding non-vested share-based payment awards that contained non-forfeitable rights to dividends. At December 31, 2020 and during the year then ended, the impact of share-based payment awards that contained non-forfeitable rights to dividends was nominal.

In November 2021, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance (“ASU 2021-10”). ASU 2021-10 requires business entities to disclose information about certain types of government assistance received in the notes to the financial statements. The Company adopted ASU 2021-10 for the year ending December 31, 2022. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-05, Leases (Topic 842): Lessors - Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments (“ASU 2021-05”). ASU 2021-05 requires a lessor to classify a lease with variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate as an operating lease at commencement if the lease would have been classified as a sales-type or direct financing lease and the lessor would have recognized a selling loss at lease commencement. The Company adopted ASU 2021-05 on January 1, 2022. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-04, Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations ("ASU 2022-04"). ASU 2022-04 requires the buyer in a supplier finance program to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about the program. ASU 2022-04 is effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2023 and is not expected to materially impact the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements with the exception of revised annual disclosures.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers ("ASU 2021-08"). The new guidance requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The standard will not impact acquired contract assets or liabilities from business combinations occurring prior to the adoption date. ASU 2021-08 is effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2023 and is not expected to materially impact the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.